Understanding static and dynamic heterogeneities in confined water

Zeitschrift fur Physikalische Chemie

Volumn 223, Issue 9, 2009, Pages 939-956

  Stanley, H Eugene ^a  

^a Boston University   (United States)

Author keywords

Confined water; Widom line

Indexed keywords

LIQUIDS; TEMPERATURE;

CONFINED WATER; CORRELATION LENGTHS; DYNAMIC CROSSOVER; DYNAMIC HETEROGENEITY; HIGH TEMPERATURE HIGH PRESSURE; LIQUID-LIQUID CRITICAL POINT; PRESSURE-TEMPERATURE PLANE; WIDOM LINE;

CONFINED FLOW;

EID: 71049122371     PISSN: 09429352     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1524/zpch.2009.6064     Document Type: Review

References (199)

1. P. G. Debenedetti and H. E. Stanley, The Physics of Supercooled and Glassy Water. Physics Today 56[issue 6] (2003) 40-46.
2. P. G. Debenedetti, Supercooled and Glassy Water. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 15 (2003) R1669-R1726.
3. C. A. Angell, in Water: A Comprehensive Treatise. Vol. 7, F. Franks (Ed.), Plenum, New York (1982) pp. 1-81.
4. C. A. Angell, Supercooled Water. Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem. 34 (1983) 593-630.
5. M.C. Bellissent-Funel (Ed.), Hydration Processes in Biology: Theoretical and Experimental Approaches. Proc. NATO Advanced Study Institutes, Vol.305, IOS Press, Amsterdam (1999).
6. R. Ludwig, The Importance of Tetrahedrally Coordinated Molecules for the Explanation of Liquid Water Properties. ChemPhysChem 8 (2007) 938-943.
7. R. Ludwig, The Puzzling Properties of Supercooled and Glassy Water. Angew. Chem. Intl. Ed. 45 (2006) 3402-3405.
8. R. Ludwig, Water: From Clusters to the Bulk. Angew. Chem. Intl. Ed. 40 (2001) 1809-1827.
9. R. Ludwig and D. Paschek, Anomalies and Mysteries: Water. Chemie in unserer Zeit 39 (2005) 164-175.
10. O. Mishima and H. E. Stanley, The Relationship between Liquid, Supercooled and Glassy Water. Nature 396 (1998) 329-335.
11. C. A. Angell, Amorphous Water. Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem. 55 (2004) 559-583.
12. C. A. Angell, R. D. Bressel, M. Hemmati, E. J. Sare, and J. C. Tucker, Water and Its Anomalies in Perspective: Tetrahedral Liquids With and Without Liquid-Liquid Phase Transitions. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2 (2000) 1559-1566.
13. H. E. Stanley, Unsolved Mysteries of Water in its Liquid and Glass Phases, (edited transcript of Turnbull Prize lecture) Materials Research Bulletin 24, No.5 (1999) 22-30.
14. H. E. Stanley, Scaling, Universality, and Renormalization: Three Pillars of Modern Critical Phenomena. Reviews of Modern Physics 71 (1999) S358-S366.
15. T. Loerting and N. Giovambattista, Amorphous Ices: Experiments and Numerical Simulations. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 18 (2006) R919-R977.
16. M. D. Ediger, Spatially heterogeneous dynamics in supercooled liquids. Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 51 (2000) 99-128.
17. I. Brovchenko and A. Oleinikova, Interfacial and Confined Water. Elsevier, Amsterdam (2008).
18. H. E. Stanley, ed., Liquid Polymorphism. Adv. Chem. Phys., S. A. Rice (Ed.) (2009).
19. M. A. Anisimov, A. V. Voronel, N. S. Zaugol'nikova, and G. I. Ovodov, Specific Heat of Water Near the Melting Point and Ornstein-Zernike Fluctuation Corrections. JETP Letters 15 (1972) 317-319.
20. A. V. Voronel, Thermodynamic Quantities near the Crystallization Points of Liquids. JETP Letters 14 (1971) 174-177.
21. H. E. Stanley, A Polychromatic Correlated-Site Percolation Problem with Possible Relevance to the Unusual behavior of Supercooled H2 O and D2O. J. Phys. A 12 (1979) L329-L337.
22. H. E. Stanley and J. Teixeira, Interpretation of the Unusual Behavior of H20 and D20 at Low Temperatures: Tests of a Percolation Model. J. Chem. Phys. 73 (1980) 3404-3422.
23. S. Sastry, P. Debenedetti, F. Sciortino, and H. E. Stanley, Singularity-Free Interpretation of the Thermodynamics of Supercooled Water. Phys. Rev. E 53 (1996) 6144-6154. Citations: 181
24. L. P. N. Rebelo, P. G. Debenedetti, and S. Sastry, Singularity-Free Interpretation of the Thermodynamics of Supercooled water. II. Thermal and volumetric behavior. J. Chem. Phys. 109 (1998) 626-633.
25. A. Geiger and H. E. Stanley, Low-density patches in the hydrogen-bonded network of liquid water: Evidence from molecular dynamics computer simulations. Physical Review Letters 49 (1982) 1749-1752.
26. A. Geiger and H. E. Stanley, Tests of universality of percolation exponents for a 3-dimensional continuum system of interacting waterlike particles. Physical Review Letters 49 (1982) 1895-1898.
27. H. E. Stanley, R. L. Blumberg and A. Geiger, Gelation models of hydrogen bond networks in liquid water. Physical Review B 28 (1983) 1626-1629.
28. H. E. Stanley, J. Teixeira, A. Geiger, and R. L. Blumberg, Interpretation of the unusual behavior of H2O and D2O at low temperature: Are Concepts of Percolation Relevant to the "Puzzle of Liquid Water'? Physica A 106 (1981) 260-277.
29. R. L. Blumberg, H. E. Stanley, A. Geiger, and P. Mausbach, Connectivity of hydrogen bonds in liquid water. Journal of Chemical Physics 80 (1984) 5230-5241.
30. A. Geiger, P. Mausbach, J. Schnitker, R. L. Blumberg, H. E. Stanley, Structure and dynamics of the hydrogen bond network in water by computer simulations. Proceedings International Workshop on Structure and Dynamics of Water and Aqueous Solutions: Anomalies and the possible implications in biology, published in Journale de Physique 45 [C7] (1984) 13-30.
31. H. E. Stanley, R. L. Blumberg, A. Geiger, P. Mausbach and J. Teixeira, The "locally-structured transient gel' model of water structure. J. de Physique 45 (1984) C7[3]-C7[12].
32. F. Sciortino, A. Geiger, and H. E. Stanley, Isochoric Differential Scattering Functions in Liquid Water: The Fifth Neighbor as a Network Defect. Phys. Rev. Lett. 65 (1990) 3452.
33. F. Sciortino, A. Geiger, and H. E. Stanley, Effect of Defects on Molecular Mobility in Liquid Water. Nature 354 (1991) 218-221.
34. F. Sciortino, A. Geiger, and H. E. Stanley, Network Defects and Molecular Mobility in Liquid Water.J. Chem. Phys. 96 (1992) 3857-3865.
35. P. H. Poole, F. Sciortino, U. Essmann, H. E. Stanley, Phase Behavior of Metastable Water. Nature 360 (1992) 324-328.
36. P. H. Poole, U. Essmann, F. Sciortino, and H. E. Stanley, Phase Diagram for Amorphous Solid Water. Phys. Rev. 48 (1993) 4605-4610.
37. P. H. Poole, F. Sciortino, U. Essmann, and H. E. Stanley, The Spinodal of Liquid Water. Phys. Rev. E 48 (1993) 3799-3817.
38. H. E. Stanley, L. Cruz, S. T. Harrington, P. H. Poole, S. Sastry, F. Sciortino, F. W. Starr, and R. Zhang, Cooperative Molecular Motions in Water: The Liquid-Liquid Critical Point Hypothesis. Physica A 236 (1997) 19-37.
39. F. Sciortino, P. H. Poole, U. Essmann, and H. E. Stanley, Line of Compressibility Maxima in the Phase Diagram of Supercooled Water. Phys. Rev. E 55 (1997) 727-737.
40. L. Xu, P. Kumar, S. V. Buldyrev, S.-H. Chen, P. H. Poole, F. Sciortino, and H. E. Stanley, Relation between the Widom Line and the Dynamic Crossover in Systems with a Liquid-Liquid Critical Point. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 102 (2005) 16558-16562.
41. G. Franzese and H. E. Stanley, The Widom line of Supercooled Water. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 19 (2007) 205126.
42. S. Engemann, H. Reichert, H. Dosch, J. Bilgram, V. Honkimaki, and A. Snigirev, Interfacial Melting of Ice in Contact with SiO2. Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 (2004) 205701.
43. C. U. Kim, B. Barstow, M. W. Tate, and S. M. Gruner, Evidence for Liquid Water during the High-Density to Low-Density Amorphous Ice Transition. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106 (2009) 4596-11600
44. D. Banerjee, S. N. Bhat, S. V. Bhat, and D. Leporini, ESR Evidence for Two Coexisting Liquid Phases in Deeply Supercooled Bulk Water. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (2009).
45. M.-C. Bellissent-Funel, Evidence of a Possible Liquid-Liquid Phase Transition in Supercooled Water by Neutron Diffraction. II Nuovo Cimento D 20 (1998) 2107-2122.
46. V. V. Brazhkin, S. V. Popova, and R. N. Voloshin, High-Pressure Transformations in Simple Melts. High Pressure Res. 15 (1997) 267-305.
47. O. Mishima and H. E. Stanley, Decompression-Induced Melting of Ice IV and the Liquid-Liquid Transition in Water. Nature 392 (1998) 164-168.
48. O. Mishima, Liquid-Liquid Critical Point in Heavy Water. Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 (2000) 334-336.
49. L. Liu, S.-H. Chen, A. Faraone, C.-W. Yen, and C. Y. Mou, Pressure Dependence of Fragile-to-Strong Transition and a Possible Second Critical Point in Supercooled Confined Water. Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 (2005) 117802.
50. F. Mallamace, M. Broccio, C. Corsaro, A. Faraone, U. Wanderlingh, L. Liu, C. Y. Mou, and S.-H. Chen, The Fragile-to-Strong Dynamic Crossover Transition in Confined Water: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Results. J. Chem. Phys. 124 (2006) 161102.
51. J.-M. Zanotti, M.-C. Bellissent-Funel, and S.-H. Chen, Experimental Evidence of a Liquid-Liquid Transition in Interfacial Water. Europhys. Lett. 71 (2005) 91-97.
52. E. Mamontov, Observation of Fragile-to-Strong Liquid Transition in Surface Water in CeO2. J. Chem. Phys. 123 (2005) 171101.
53. A. Faraone, L. Liu, C.-Y. Mou, C.-W. Yen, and S.-H. Chen, Fragile-to-Strong Liquid Transition in Deeply Supercooled Confined Water. J. Chem. Phys. 121 (2004) 10843-10846.
54. A. K. Soper and M. A. Ricci, Structures of High-Density and Low-Density Water. Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 (2000) 2881-2884.
55. M. A. Ricci and A. K. Soper, Jumping between Water Polymorphs. Physica A 304 (2002) 43-52.
56. M.-C. Bellissent-Funel, Is There a Liquid-Liquid Phase Transition in Supercooled Water? Europhys. Lett. 42 (1998) 161-166.
57. H. Tanaka, A Self-Consistent Phase Diagram for Supercooled Water. Nature 380 (1996) 328-330.
58. R. Zangi and A. E. Mark, Bilayer Ice and Alternate Liquid Phases of Confined Water. J. Chem. Phys. 119 (2003) 1694-1700.
59. S. V. Buldyrev and H. E. Stanley, A System with Multiple Liquid-Liquid Critical Points. Physica A 330 (2003) 124-129.
60. I. Brovchenko, A. Geiger, and A. Oleinikova, Multiple Liquid-Liquid Transitions in Supercooled Water. J. Chem. Phys. 118 (2003) 9473-9476.
61. Brovchenko, A. Geiger, and A. Oleinikova, Liquid-Liquid Phase Transitions in Supercooled Water Studied by Computer Simulations of Various Water Models. J. Chem. Phys. 123 (2005) 044515.
62. G. Franzese and H. E. Stanley, Liquid-Liquid Critical Point in a Hamiltonian Model for Water: Analytic Solution. J. Phys.-Condens. Mat. 14 (2002) 2201-2209.
63. S. V. Buldyrev, G. Franzese, N. Giovambattista, G. Malescio, M. R. Sadr-Lahijany, A. Scala, A. Skibinsky, and H. E. Stanley, Models for a Liquid-Liquid Phase Transition. Physica A 304 (2002) 23-42.
64. G. Franzese, G. Malescio, A. Skibinsky, S. V. Buldyrev, and H. E. Stanley, Meta- stable Liquid-Liquid Phase Transition in a Single-Component System with only one Crystal Phase and No Density Anomaly. Phys. Rev. E 66 (2002) 051206.
65. G. Franzese, M. I. Marquos, and H. E. Stanley, IntraMolecular Coupling as a Mechanism for a Liquid-Liquid Phase Transition. Phys. Rev. E 67 (2003) 011103.
66. A. Skibinsky, S. V. Buldyrev, G. Franzese, G. Malescio, and H. E. Stanley, Liquid- Liquid Phase Transitions for Soft-Core Attractive Potentials. Phys. Rev. E 69 (2004) 061206.
67. G. Malescio, G. Franzese, A. Skibinsky, S. V. Buldyrev and H. E. Stanley, Liquid- Liquid Phase Transition for an Attractive Isotropic Potential with Wide Repulsive Range. Phys. Rev. E 71 (2005) 061504.
68. M. van Thiel and F. H. Ree, High-Pressure Liquid-Liquid Phase Change in Carbon. Phys. Rev. B 48 (1993) 3591-3599.
69. M. Yamada, S. Mossa, H. E. Stanley, F. Sciortino, Interplay Between Time-Temperature-Transformation and the Liquid-Liquid Phase Transition in Water. Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 (2002) 195701.
70. M. Yamada, F. Sciortino, and H. E. Stanley, Equation of State of Supercooled Water from the Sedimentation Profile. Phys. Rev. E Rapid Communications 67 (2003) 010202.
71. G. Malescio, G. Franzese, G. Pellicane, A. Skibinsky, S. V. Buldyrev, and H. E. Stanley, Liquid-Liquid Phase Transitions in a One-Component Fluid. J. Phys.- Condens. Mat 14 (2002) 2193-2200.
72. S. Harrington, R. Zhang, P. H. Poole, F. Sciortino, and H. E. Stanley, Liquid-Liquid Phase Transition: Evidence from Simulations. Phys. Rev. Lett. 78 (1997) 2409-2412.
73. D. Paschek, How the Liquid-Liquid Transition Affects Hydrophobic Hydration in Deeply Supercooled Water. Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 (2005) 217802.
74. E. Shiratani and M. Sasai, Molecular Scale Precursor of the Liquid-Liquid Phase Transition of Water. J. Chem. Phys. 108 (1998) 3264-3276.
75. S. Harrington, P. H. Poole, F. Sciortino, and H. E. Stanley, Equation of State of Supercooled SPC/E Water. J. Chem. Phys. 107 (1997) 7443-7450.
76. C. J. Roberts, A. Z. Panagiotopulos, and P. G. Debenedetti, Liquid-Liquid Immisci- bility in Pure Fluids: Polyamorphism in Simulations of a Network-Forming Fluid. Phys. Rev. Lett. 77 (1996) 4386-4389.
77. F. Sciortino, E. La Nave, and P. Tartaglia, Physics of the Liquid-Liquid Critical Point. Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 (2003) 155701.
78. P. H. Poole, I. Saika-Voivod, and F. Sciortino, Density Minimum and Liquid- Liquid Phase Transition. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 17 (2005) L431-L437.
79. G. Franzese, G. Malescio, A. Skibinsky, S. V. Buldyrev, and H. E. Stanley, Generic Mechanism for Generating a Liquid-Liquid Phase Transition. Nature 409 (2001) 692-695.
80. A. Scala, F. W. Starr, E. La Nave, H. E. Stanley, and F. Sciortino, The Free Energy Surface of Supercooled Water. Phys. Rev. E 62 (2000) 8016-8020.
81. M. Canpolat, F. W. Starr, M. R. Sadr-Lahijany, A. Scala, O. Mishima, S. Havlin, and H. E. Stanley, Local Structural Heterogeneities in Liquid Water under Pressure. Chem. Phys. Lett. 294 (1998) 9-12.
82. M. Meyer and H. E. Stanley, Liquid-Liquid Phase Transition in Confined Water: A Monte Carlo Study. J. Phys. Chem. B 103 (1999) 9728-9730.
83. F. W. Starr, J. K. Nielsen, and H. E. Stanley. Fast and Slow Dynamics of Hydrogen Bonds in Liquid Water. Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 (1999) 2294-2297.
84. H. Tanaka, Phase Behaviors of Supercooled Water: Reconciling a Critical Point of Amorphous Ices with Spinodal Instability. J. Chem. Phys. 105 (1996) 5099-5111.
85. M. R. Sadr-Lahijany, A. Scala, S. V. Buldyrev, and H. E. Stanley, Water-Like Anomalies for Core-Softened Models of Fluids: One Dimension. Phys. Rev. E 60 (1999) 6714-6721.
86. A. Scala, M. R. Sadr-Lahijany, N. Giovambattista, S. V. Buldyrev, and H. E. Stanley, Water-Like Anomalies for Core-Softened Models of Fluids: Two Dimensional Systems. Phys. Rev. E 63 (2001) 041202.
87. A. Scala, M. Reza Sadr-Lahijany, N. Giovambattista, S. V. Buldyrev, and H. E. Stanley, Applications of the Stell-Hemmer Potential to Understanding Second Critical Points in Real Systems. J. Stat. Phys. 100 (2000) 97-106.
88. M. R. Sadr-Lahijany, A. Scala, S. V. Buldyrev and H. E. Stanley, Liquid State Anomalies for the Stell-Hemmer Core-Softened Potential. Phys. Rev. Lett. 81 (1998) 4895-4898.
89. C. A. Jeffery and P. H. Austin, A New Analytic Equation of State for Liquid Water. J. Chem. Phys. 110 (1999) 484-496.
90. E. A. Jagla, Core-Softened Potentials and the Anomalous Properties of Water. J. Chem. Phys. III (1999) 8980-8986.
91. J. R. Errington and P. G. Debenedetti, Relationship between structural order and the anomalies of liquid water. Nature 409 (2001) 318-321.
92. J. R. Errington, P. G. Debenedetti, and S. Torquato, Cooperative origin of low- density domains in liquid water. Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 (2002) 215503.
93. Z. Yan, S. V. Buldyrev, N. Giovambattista, H. E. Stanley, Structural Order for One-Scale and Two-Scale Potentials. Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 (2005) 130604.
94. P. A. Netz, S. V. Buldyrev, and M. C. Barbosa, and H. E. Stanley Thermodynamic and Dynamic Anomalies for Dumbbell Molecules Interacting with a Repulsive Ramp-like Potential. Phys. Rev. E 73 (2006) 061504.
95. H. E. Stanley, Correlated Randomness: Some Examples of Exotic Statistical Physics. Pramana 64 (2005) 645-660.
96. R. Zangi, Water Confined to a Slab Geometry: A Review of Recent Computer Simulation Studies. J. Phys.-Cond. Mat. 16 (2004) S5371-S5388.
97. J. N. Glosli and F. H. Ree, Liquid-Liquid Phase Transformation in Carbon. Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 (1999) 4659-4662
98. Y. Katayama, T. Mizutani, W. Utsumi, O. Shimomura, M. Yamakata, and K.-I. Funakoshi, A First-Order Liquid-Liquid Phase Transition in Phosphorus. Nature 403 (2000) 170-173.
99. S. Sastry and C. A. Angell, Liquid-Liquid Phase Transition in Supercooled Silicon. Nature Materials 2 (2003) 739-743.
100. P. Ganesh and M. Widom, Liquid-Liquid Transition in Supercooled Silicon Determined by First-Principles Simulation. Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 (2009) 075701.
101. V. V. Vasisht, S. Saw, and S. Sastry, Liquid-Liquid Critical Point in Supercooled Silicon. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (2009).
102. S. Aasland and P. F. McMillan, Density-Driven Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation in the System Al2O3-Y2O3. Nature 369 (1994) 633-636.
103. D. J. Lacks, First-Order Amorphous-Amorphous Transformation in Silica. Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 (2000) 4629-4632.
104. P. H. Poole, M. Hemmati, and C. A. Angell, Comparison of Thermodynamic Properties of Simulated Liquid Silica and Water. Phys. Rev. Lett. 79 (1997) 2281-2284.
105. M. Togaya, Pressure Dependences of the Melting Temperature of Graphite and the Electrical Resistivity of Liquid Carbon. Phys. Rev. Lett. 79 (1997) 2474-2477.
106. V. Molinero and E. B. Moore, Water Modeled as an Intermediate Element between Carbon and Silicon. J. Phys. Chem. B 113 (2009) 4008-4016.
107. E. B. Moore and V. Molinero, Growing Correlation Length in Supercooled Water. J. Chem. Phys. 130 (2009) 244505.
108. G. Monaco, S. Falconi, and W. A. Crichton, and M. Mezouar, Nature of the First- Order Phase Transition in Fluid Phosphorus at High Temperature and Pressure. Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 (2003) 255701.
109. G. N. Greaves, M. C. Wilding, S. Fearn, D. Langstaff, F. Kargl, S. Cox, Q. Vu Van, O. Majérus, C. J. Benmore, R. Weber, C. M. Martin, and L. Hennet, Detection of First-Order Liquid/Liquid Phase Transitions in Yttrium Oxide-Aluminum Oxide Melts. Science 322 (2008) 566-570.
110. L. Xu, I. Ehrenberg, S. V. Buldyrev, and H. E. Stanley, Relationship between the Liquid-Liquid Phase Transition and Dynamic Behavior in the Jagla Model. J. Phys. C Condensed Matter 18 (2006) S2239-S2246.
111. L. Xu, S. V. Buldyrev, C. A. Angell, and H. E. Stanley, Thermodynamics and Dynamics of the Two-Scale Spherically Symmetric Jagla Ramp Model of Anomalous Liquids. Phys. Rev. E 74 (2006) 031108.
112. L. Xu, S. V. Buldyrev, N. Giovambattista, C. A. Angell, and H. E. Stanley, A Monatomic System with a Liquid-Liquid Critical Point and Two Distinct Glassy States. J. Chem. Phys. 130 (2009) 054505.
113. H. E. Stanley, P. Kumar, L. Xu, Z. Yan, M. G. Mazza, S. V. Buldyrev, and S.-H. Chen, Relation between the Widom Line and the Dynamic Crossover in Bulk Water and in Protein Hydration Water. In Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Quasi-Elastic Neutron Scattering. Paul E. Sokol, Helmut Kaiser, David Baxter, Roger Pynn, Dobrin Bossev, Mark Leuschner (Eds.) Materials Research Society, Warrendale, PA (2007) pp. 3.
114. H. E. Stanley, P. Kumar, L. Xu, Z. Yan, M. G. Mazza, S. V. Buldyrev, S.-H. Chen, and F. Mallamace, The Unsolved Mysteries of Liquid Water: Some Recent Clues from Studies of Protein Hydration Water and Nanoconfined Water. Physica A 386 (2007) 729-743.
115. H. E. Stanley, P. Kumar, G. Franzese, L. Xu, Z. Yan, M. G. Mazza, S.-H. Chen, F. Mallamace, and S. V. Buldyrev, Liquid Polyamorphism: Some Unsolved Puzzles of Water in Bulk, Nanoconfined, and Biological Environments. AIP Conf. Proc. 982 (2008) 251-271.
116. H. E. Stanley, P. Kumar, G. Franzese, L. Xu, Z. Yan, M. G. Mazza, S. V. Buldyrev, S.-H. Chen, and F. Mallamace, Liquid Polyamorphism: Possible Relation to the Anomalous Behaviour of Water. Eur. Phys. J.: Special Topics 161 (2008) 1-17.
117. P. Kumar, S. V. Buldyrev, F. Starr, N. Giovambattista, and H. E. Stanley, Thermodynamics, Structure, and Dynamics of Water Confined between Hydrophobic Plates. Phys. Rev. E 72 (2005) 051503.
118. M. G. Mazza, N. Giovambattista, F. W. Starr, and H. E. Stanley, Relation between Rotational and Translational Dynamic Heterogeneities in Water. Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 (2006) 057803.
119. P. Kumar, G. Franzese, S. V. Buldyrev, and H. E. Stanley, Molecular Dynamics Study of Orientational Cooperativity in Water. Phys. Rev. E 73 (2006) 041505.
120. D. Z. Liu, Y. Zhang, C. C. Chen, C. Y. Mou, P. H. Poole, and S. H. Chen, Ovservation of the Dnsity Minimum in Deeply Supercooled Confined Water. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104 (2007) 9570-9574.
121. F. Mallamace, C. Branca, M. Broccio, C. Corsaro, C. Y. Mou, and S. H. Chen, The Anomalous Bhavior of the Density of Water in the Range 30K < T < 373K. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104 (2007) 18387-18392.
122. F. Mallamace, C. Corsaro, M. Broccio, C. Branca, N. Gonzalez-Segredo, J. Spooren, S.-H. Chen, and H. E. Stanley, NMR Evidence of a Sharp Change in a Measure of Local Order in Deeply Supercooled Confined Water. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105 (2008) 12725-12729.
123. C. Corsaro, J. Spooren, C. Branca, N. Leone, M. Broccio, C. Kim. S.-H. Chen, H. E. Stanley, and F. Mallamace, Clustering Dynamics in Water/Methanol Mixtures: A Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study at 205K < T < 295K. J. Phys. Chem. B 112[34] (2008) 10449-10454.
124. F. Mallamace, C. Branca, M. Broccio, C. Corsaro, N. Gonzalez-Segredo, J. Spooren, H. E. Stanley, and S.-H. Chen, Transport Properties of Supercooled Confined Water. Eur. Phys. J.: Special Topics 161 (2008) 19-33.
125. S.-H. Chen, F. Mallamace, C. Y. Mou, M. Broccio, C. Corsaro, A. Faraone, and L. Liu, The Violation of the Stokes-Einstein Relation in Supercooled Water. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103 (2006) 12974-12978.
126. F. Mallamace, M. Broccio, C. Corsaro, A. Faraone, D. Majolino, V. Venuti, L. Liu, C. Y. Mou, and S.-H. Chen, Evidence of the Existence of the Low-Density Liquid Phase in Supercooled, Confined Water. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104 (2007) 424-28.
127. P. Kumar, S. V. Buldyrev, S. L. Becker, P. H. Poole, F. W. Starr, and H. E. Stanley, Relation between the Widom line and the Breakdown of the Stokes-Einstein Relation in Supercooled Water. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104[23] (2007) 9575-9579.
128. D. Ringe, G. A. Petsko, The 'Glass Transition' in Protein Dynamics: What It Is, Why It Occurs, and How to Exploit It. Biophys. Chem. 105 (2003) 667-680.
129. H. Hartmann, F. Parak, W. Steigemann, G. A. Petsko, D. R. Ponzi, H. Frauenfelder, Conformational Substates in a Protein: Structure and Dynamics of Metmyoglobin at 80-K. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79 (1982) 4967-4971.
130. A. L. Lee, A. J. Wand, Microscopic Origins of Entropy, Heat Capacity and the Glass Transition in Proteins. Nature 411 (2001) 501-504.
131. B. F. Rasmussen, M. Ringe, and G. A. Petsko, Crystalline Ribonuclease-A Loses Function below the Dynamic Transition at 220-K. Nature 357 (1992) 423-424.
132. W. Doster, S. Cusack, and W. Petry, Dynamical Transition of Myoglobin Revealed by Inelastic Neutron-Scattering. Nature 338 (1989) 754-756.
133. D. Vitkup, D. Ringe, G. A. Petsko, and M. Karplus, Solvent Mobility and the Protein 'Glass' Transition. Nat. Struct. Biol. 7 (2000) 34-38.
134. M. Tarek and D. J. Tobias, Role of Protein-Water Hydrogen Bond Dynamics in the Protein Dynamical Transition. Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 (2002) 138101.
135. A. P. Sokolov, H. Grimm, A. Kisliuk, and A. J. Dianoux, Glassy Dynamics in DNA: Ruled by Water of Hydration? J. Chem. Phys. 110 (1999) 7053-7057.
136. J. Norberg and L. Nilsson, Glass Transition in DNA from Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93 (1996) 10173-10176.
137. A. L. Tournier, J. Xu, and J. C. Smith, Translational Hydration Water Dynamics Drives the Protein Glass Transition. Biophys. J. 85 (2003) 1871-1875.
138. P. Kumar, Z. Yan, L. Xu, M. G. Mazza, S. V. Buldyrev, S.-H. Chen. S. Sastry, and H. E. Stanley, Glass Transition in Biomolecules and the Liquid-Liquid Critical Point of Water. Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 (2006) 177802.
139. E. Rossler, Indications for a Change of Diffusion Mechanism in Supercooled Liquids. Phys. Rev. Lett. 65 (1990) 1595-1598.
140. S. F. Swallen, P. A. Bonvallet, R. J. McMahon, and M. D. Ediger, Self-Diffusion of Tris-Naphthylbenzene near the Glass Transition Temperature. Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 (2003) 015901.
141. B. Chen, E. E. Sigmund, and W. P. Halperin, Stokes-Einstein relation in supercooled aqueous solutions of glycerol. Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 (2006) 145502.
142. F. H. Stillinger and J. A. Hodgdon, Translation-rotation paradox for diffusion in fragile glass-forming liquids. Phys. Rev. E 50 (1994) 2064-2068.
143. J. F. Douglas and D. Leporini, Obstruction model of the fractional Stokes-Einstein relation in glass-forming liquids. J. Non-Cryst Sol. 235-237 (1998) 137-141.
144. K. L. Ngai, Alternative explanation of the difference between translational diffusion and rotational diffusion in supercooled liquids. J. Phys. Chem. B 103 (1999) 10684-10694.
145. J. Kim and T. Keyes, On the breakdown of the Stokes-Einstein law in supercooled liquids. J. Phys. Chem. B 109 (2005) 21445-21448.
146. G. Tarjus and D. Kivelson, Breakdown of the Stokes-Einstein relation in supercooled liquids. J. Chem. Phys. 103 (1995) 3071-3073.
147. P. A. Netz, F. W. Starr, H. E. Stanley, and M. C. Barbosa, Static and Dynamic Properties of Stretched Water J. Chem. Phys. 115 (2001) 344-348.
148. P. A. Netz, F. Starr, M. C. Barbosa, and H. E. Stanley, Translational and Rotational Diffusion in Stretched Water J. Molec. Liquids 101 (2002) 159-168.
149. G. Matsui and S. Kojima, Bifurcation of translational and rotational non-Gaussian behaviors in two-dimensional liquid. Phys. Lett. A 293 (2002) 156-160.
150. J. Qian, R. Hentschke, and A. Heuer, Dynamic heterogeneities of translational and rotational motion of a molecular glass former from computer simulations. J. Chem. Phys. 110 (1999) 4514-4522.
151. S.R. Becker, P. H. Poole, and F. W. Starr, Fractional Stokes-Einstein and Debye- Stokes-Einstein relations in a network-forming liquid. Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 (2006) 055901.
152. L. Berthier, D. Chandler, and J. P. Garrahan, Length scale for the onset of Fickian diffusion in supercooled liquids. Europhys. Lett. 69 (2005) 320-326.
153. S. K. Kumar, G. Szamel, and J. F. Douglas, Nature of the breakdown in the Stokes- Einstein relationship in a hard sphere fluid. J. Chem. Phys. 124 (2006) 214501.
154. M. Dzugutov, S. I. Simdyankin, and F. H. M. Zetterling, Decoupling of diffusion from structural relaxation and spatial heterogeneity in a supercooled simple liquid. Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 (2002) 195701.
155. P. Bordat, F. Affouard, M. Descamps, and F. Muller-Plathe, The breakdown of the Stokes-Einstein relation in supercooled binary liquids. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 15 (2003) 5397-5407.
156. P. Kumar, Breakdown of the Stokes-Einstein relation in supercooled water. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103 (2006) 12955-12956.
157. Y.-J. Jung, J. P. Garrahan, and D. Chandler, Excitation lines and the breakdown of Stokes-Einstein relations in supercooled liquids. Phys. Rev. E 69 (2004) 061205.
158. H. Sillescu, Heterogeneity at the glass transition: A review. J. Non-Cryst. Sol. 243 (1999) 81-108.
159. I. Chang and H. Sillescu, Heterogeneity at the glass transition: Translational and rotational self-diffusion. J. Phys. Chem. B 101 (1997) 8794-8801.
160. E. W. Fischer, E. Donth, and W. Steffen, Temperature-dependence of characteristic length for glass-transition. Phys. Rev. Lett. 68 (1992) 2344-2346.
161. M. D. Ediger, C. A. Angell and S. R. Nagel, Supercooled liquids and glasses. J. Phys. Chem. 100 (1996) 13200-13212.
162. E. R. Weeks, J. C. Crocker, A. C. Levitt, A. Schofield, and D. A. Weitz, Three- dimensional direct imaging of structural relaxation near the colloidal glass transition. Science 287 (2000) 627-631.
163. U. Tracht, M. Wilhelm, A. Heuer, H. Feng, K. Schmidt-Rohr, and H. W. Spiess, Length scale of dynamic heterogeneities at the glass transition determined by multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance. Phys. Rev. Lett. 81 (1998) 2727-2730.
164. L. A. Deschenes and D. A. Vanden Bout, Single-molecule studies of heterogeneous dynamics in polymer melts near the class transition. Science 292 (2001) 255-258.
165. L. A. Deschenes and D. A. Vanden Bout, Single-molecule studies of heterogeneous dynamics. Science 312 (2006) 195-195
166. S. C. Glotzer, Spatially heterogeneous dynamics in liquids: insights from simulation. J. Non-Cryst. Sol. 274 (2000) 342-355.
167. K. Y. Tsang and K. K. Ngai, Relaxation in interacting arrays of oscillators. Phys. Rev. E 54 (1996) R3067-R3070.
168. C. Donati, S. C. Glotzer, and P. H. Poole, Growing spatial correlations of particle displacements in a simulated liquid on cooling toward the glass transition. Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 (1999) 5064-5067.
169. N. Lacevi'c, F. W. Starr, T. B. Schr0der, V. N. Novikov, and S. C. Glotzer, Growing correlation length on cooling below the onset of caging in a simulated glass-forming liquid. Phys. Rev. E 66 (2002) 030101 (R).
170. Y. Gebremichael, M. Vogel, M. N. J. Bergroth, F. W. Starr, and S. C. Glotzer, Spatially heterogeneous dynamics and the Adam-Gibbs relation in the Dzugutov liquid. J. Phys. Chem. B 109 (2005) 15068-15079.
171. D.N. Perera and P. Harrowell, Relaxation dynamics and their spatial distribution in a two-dimensional glass-forming mixture. J. Chem. Phys. III (1999) 5441-5454.
172. A. Widmer-Cooper, P. Harrowell and H. Fynewever, How reproducible are dynamic heterogeneities in a supercooled liquid? Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 (2004) 135701.
173. A. Widmer-Cooper and P. Harrowell, Predicting the long-time dynamic heterogeneity in a supercooled liquid on the basis of short-time heterogeneities. Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 (2006) 185701.
174. A. C. Pan, J. P. Garrahan, and D. Chandler, Heterogeneity and growing length scales in the dynamics of kinetically constrained lattice gases in two dimensions. Phys. Rev. E 72 (2005) 041106.
175. C. Donati, J. F. Douglas, W. Kob, S. J. Plimpton, P. H. Poole, and S. C. Glotzer, Stringlike cooperative motion in a supercooled liquid. Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 (1998) 2338-2341.
176. N. Giovambattista, S. V. Buldyrev, F. Starr, and H. E. Stanley, Connection between Adam-Gibbs Theory and Spatially Heterogeneous Dynamics. Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 (2003) 085506.
177. G. Adam and J. H. Gibbs, On the Temperature Dependence of Cooperative Relaxation Properties in Glass-Forming Liquids. J. Chem. Phys. 43 (1965) 139-146.
178. J. D. Stevenson, J. Schmalian, and P. G. Wolynes, The shapes of cooperatively rearranging regions in glass-forming liquids. Nature Physics 2 (2006) 268-274.
179. J. R. Errington, P. G. Debenedetti, and S. Torquato, Cooperative origin of low- density domains in liquid water. Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 (2002) 215503.
180. N. Giovambattista, M. G. Mazza, S. V. Buldyrev, F. W. Starr, and H. E. Stanley, Dynamic Heterogeneities in Supercooled Water. J. Phys. Chem. B 108 (2004) 6655-6662.
181. N. Giovambattista, S. V. Buldyrev, F. W. Starr, and H. E. Stanley, Clusters of Mobile Molecules in Supercooled Water. Phys. Rev. E 72 (2005) 011202.
182. P. A. Netz, F. W. Starr, M. C. Barbosa, and H. E. Stanley, Relation between Structural and Dynamical Anomalies in Supercooled Water. Physica A 314 (2002) 470-476.
183. H. E. Stanley, S. V. Buldyrev, and N. Giovambattista, Static Heterogeneities in Liquid Water. Physica A 342 (2004) 40-47.
184. H. E. Stanley, S. V. Buldyrev, G. Franzese, N. Giovambattista, and F. Starr, Static and Dynamic Heterogeneities in Liquid Water. Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. A: Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences 363 (2005) 509-523.
185. M. G. Mazza, N. Giovambattista, H. E. Stanley, and F. W. Starr, Connection of Translational and Rotational Dynamical Heterogeneities with the Breakdown of the Stokes-Einstein and Stokes-Einstein-Debye Relations in Water. Phys. Rev. E 76 (2007) 031202.
186. 186.I. Saika-Voi vod, P. H. Poole, and F. Sciortino, Fragile-to-Strong Transition and Polyamorphism in the Energy Landscape of Liquid Silica. Nature 412 (2001) 514-517.
187. L. Xu, F. Mallamace, Z. Yan, F. W. Starr, S. V. Buldyrev, and H. E. Stanley, Appearance of a Fractional Stokes-Einstein Relation in Water and a Structural Interpretation of Its Onset. Nature Physics 5 (2009) 565-569.
188. P. Kumar, G. Franzese, and H. E. Stanley, Predictions of Dynamic Behavior under Pressure for Two Scenarios to Explain Water Anomalies. Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 (2008) 105701.
189. K. Stokely, M. G. Mazza, H. E. Stanley, and G. Franzese, Effect of Hydrogen Bond Cooperativity on the Behavior of Water. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (submitted).
190. M. G. Mazza, K. Stokely, S. E. Pagnotta, F. Bruni, H. E. Stanley, and G. Franzese, Two Dynamic Crossovers in Protein Hydration Water. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (2009).
191. F.-F. Li, Q.-L. Cui, Z. He, J. Zhang, Q. Zhou, and G.-T. Zou, High Pressure-Temperature Brillouin Study of Liquid Water: Evidence of the Structural Transition from Low- Density Water to High-Density Water. J. Chem. Phys. 123 (2005) 174511.
192. S. Xu. G. W. Scherer, T. S. Mahadevan, and S. H. Garofalini, Thermal Expansion of Confined Water. Langmuir 25 (2009) 5076-5083.
193. S. Han, P. Kumar, and H. E. Stanley, Absence of a Diffusion Anomaly of Water in the Direction Perpendicular to Hydrophobic Nanoconfining Walls. Phys. Rev. E 77[3] (2008) 030201(R).
194. Z. Yan, S. V. Buldyrev, and H. E. Stanley, Relation of Water Anomalies to the Excess Entropy. Phys. Rev. E 78 (2008) 051201.
195. S. Han, P. Kumar, and H. E. Stanley, Hydrogen-Bond Dynamics of Water in a Quasi-Two-Dimensional Hydrophobic Nanopore Slit. Phys. Rev. E 79 (2009) 041202.
196. S. Han, M. Y. Choi, P. Kumar, and H. E. Stanley, Solid-Liquid Critical Point in Confined Water Films Nature Physics (submitted).
197. F. Mallamace, C. Branca, C. Corsaro, N. Leone, J. Spooren, H. E. Stanley, and S. H. Chen, The Fragile-to-Strong Dynamical Crossover and the Breakdown in the Stokes-Einstein Relation in Water. J. Phys. Chem. (submitted).
198. C. Huang, K. T. Wikfeldt, T. Tokushima, D. Nordlund, Y. Harada, U. Bergmann, M. Niebuhr, T. M. Weiss, Y. Horikawa, M. Leetmaa, M. P. Ljungberg, O. Takahashi, A. Lenz, L. Ojamae, A. P. Lyubartsev, S. Shin, L. G. M. Pettersson, and A. Nilsson, The Inhomogeneous Structure of Water at Ambient Conditions Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106 (2009) 15214-15218.
199. P. Gallo, M. Rovere, and S.-H. Chen, Supercooled Confined Water and the Fragileto-Strong Crossover Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (submitted).