메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 22, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 981-990

Human gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor-activated cellular functions and signaling pathways in extra-pituitary tissues and cancer cells

Author keywords

Cell motility; Cell proliferation; Cytoskeleton; Human gonadotrophin releasing hormone; Human Gonadotrophin releasing hormone receptors

Indexed keywords

BUSERELIN; CETRORELIX; GONADORELIN DERIVATIVE; GONADORELIN RECEPTOR; GOSERELIN; GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE EXCHANGE FACTOR; GUANOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASE; GUANOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASE ACTIVATING PROTEIN; TAMOXIFEN;

EID: 70449448175     PISSN: 1021335X     EISSN: 17912431     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3892/or_00000525     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (71)

References (142)
  • 1
    • 0022559212 scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of action of gonadotropin releasing hormone
    • Conn PM, Staley D, Harris C, et al: Mechanism of action of gonadotropin releasing hormone. Annu Rev Physiol 48: 495-513, 1986.
    • (1986) Annu Rev Physiol , vol.48 , pp. 495-513
    • Conn, P.M.1    Staley, D.2    Harris, C.3
  • 4
    • 0019729482 scopus 로고
    • Glycoprotein hormones: Structure and function
    • Pierce JG and Parsons TF: Glycoprotein hormones: structure and function. Annu Rev Biochem 50: 465-495, 1981.
    • (1981) Annu Rev Biochem , vol.50 , pp. 465-495
    • Pierce, J.G.1    Parsons, T.F.2
  • 5
    • 0028092770 scopus 로고
    • Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors: Structure and signal transduction pathways
    • Stojilkovic SS, Reinhart J and Catt KJ: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors: structure and signal transduction pathways. Endocr Rev 15: 462-499, 1994.
    • (1994) Endocr Rev , vol.15 , pp. 462-499
    • Stojilkovic, S.S.1    Reinhart, J.2    Catt, K.J.3
  • 6
    • 34250672728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • G-protein-coupled receptor trafficking: Understanding the chemical basis of health and disease. ACS
    • Ulloa-Aguirre A, Janovick JA, Miranda AL and Conn PM: G-protein-coupled receptor trafficking: understanding the chemical basis of health and disease. ACS Chem Biol 1: 631-638, 2006.
    • (2006) Chem Biol , vol.1 , pp. 631-638
    • Ulloa-Aguirre, A.1    Janovick, J.A.2    Miranda, A.L.3    Conn, P.M.4
  • 7
    • 0030957927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential activation of protein kinase C delta and epsilon gene expression by gonadotropin-releasing hormone in alphaT3-1 cells. Autoregulation by protein kinase C
    • Harris D, Reiss N and Naor Z: Differential activation of protein kinase C delta and epsilon gene expression by gonadotropin-releasing hormone in alphaT3-1 cells. Autoregulation by protein kinase C. J Biol Chem 272: 13534-13540, 1997.
    • (1997) J Biol Chem , vol.272 , pp. 13534-13540
    • Harris, D.1    Reiss, N.2    Naor, Z.3
  • 8
    • 0034119581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of MAPK cascades by G-protein-coupled receptors: The case of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor
    • Naor Z, Benard O and Seger R: Activation of MAPK cascades by G-protein-coupled receptors: the case of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor. Trends Endocrinol Metab 11: 91-99, 2000.
    • (2000) Trends Endocrinol Metab , vol.11 , pp. 91-99
    • Naor, Z.1    Benard, O.2    Seger, R.3
  • 9
    • 0032935664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitogen-activated protein kinases: Specific messages from ubiquitous messengers
    • Schaeffer HJ and Weber MJ: Mitogen-activated protein kinases: specific messages from ubiquitous messengers. Mol Cell Biol 19: 2435-2444, 1999.
    • (1999) Mol Cell Biol , vol.19 , pp. 2435-2444
    • Schaeffer, H.J.1    Weber, M.J.2
  • 11
    • 0035066383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mammalian mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathways activated by stress and inflammation
    • Kyriakis JM and Avruch J: Mammalian mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathways activated by stress and inflammation. Physiol Rev 81: 807-869, 2001.
    • (2001) Physiol Rev , vol.81 , pp. 807-869
    • Kyriakis, J.M.1    Avruch, J.2
  • 12
    • 33748316472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functions of the MAPK family in vertebrate-development
    • Krens SF, Spaink HP and Snaar-Jagalska BE: Functions of the MAPK family in vertebrate-development. FEBS Lett 580: 4984-4990, 2006.
    • (2006) FEBS Lett , vol.580 , pp. 4984-4990
    • Krens, S.F.1    Spaink, H.P.2    Snaar-Jagalska, B.E.3
  • 13
    • 0029925683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracellular signaling pathways activated by neurotrophic factors
    • Segal RA and Greenberg ME: Intracellular signaling pathways activated by neurotrophic factors. Annu Rev Neurosci 19: 463-489, 1996.
    • (1996) Annu Rev Neurosci , vol.19 , pp. 463-489
    • Segal, R.A.1    Greenberg, M.E.2
  • 14
    • 0029043582 scopus 로고
    • How MAP kinases are regulated
    • Cobb MH and Goldsmith EJ: How MAP kinases are regulated. J Biol Chem 270: 14843-14846, 1995.
    • (1995) J Biol Chem , vol.270 , pp. 14843-14846
    • Cobb, M.H.1    Goldsmith, E.J.2
  • 15
    • 0027165150 scopus 로고
    • The mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathway
    • Davis RJ: The mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathway. J Biol Chem 268: 14553-14536, 1993.
    • (1993) J Biol Chem , vol.268 , pp. 14553-14536
    • Davis, R.J.1
  • 16
    • 0029011218 scopus 로고
    • The MAPK signaling cascade
    • Seger R and Krebs EG: The MAPK signaling cascade. FASEB J 9: 726-735, 1995.
    • (1995) FASEB J , vol.9 , pp. 726-735
    • Seger, R.1    Krebs, E.G.2
  • 19
    • 0031758251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulses are required to maintain activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase: Role in stimulation of gonadotrope gene expression
    • Haisenleder DJ, Cox ME, Parsons SJ and Marshall JC: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulses are required to maintain activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase: role in stimulation of gonadotrope gene expression. Endocrinology 139: 3104-3111, 1998.
    • (1998) Endocrinology , vol.139 , pp. 3104-3111
    • Haisenleder, D.J.1    Cox, M.E.2    Parsons, S.J.3    Marshall, J.C.4
  • 20
    • 0029127706 scopus 로고
    • Activation of MAP kinase by the LHRH receptor through a dual mechanism involving protein kinase C and a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein
    • Sim PJ, Wolbers WB and Mitchell R: Activation of MAP kinase by the LHRH receptor through a dual mechanism involving protein kinase C and a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein. Mol Cell Endocrinol 112: 257-263, 1995.
    • (1995) Mol Cell Endocrinol , vol.112 , pp. 257-263
    • Sim, P.J.1    Wolbers, W.B.2    Mitchell, R.3
  • 21
    • 0030046378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stimulation of mitogenactivated protein kinase by gonadotropin releasing hormone: Evidence for the involvement of protein kinase C
    • Sundaresan S, Colin IM, Pestell RG and Jameson JL: Stimulation of mitogenactivated protein kinase by gonadotropin releasing hormone: evidence for the involvement of protein kinase C. Endocrinology 137: 304-311, 1996.
    • (1996) Endocrinology , vol.137 , pp. 304-311
    • Sundaresan, S.1    Colin, I.M.2    Pestell, R.G.3    Jameson, J.L.4
  • 22
    • 0030944161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of mitogen-activated protein kinase activation by gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the pituitary of alphaT3-1 cell line: Differential roles of calcium and protein kinase C
    • Reiss N, Llevi LN, Shacham S, Harris D, Seger R and Naor Z: Mechanism of mitogen-activated protein kinase activation by gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the pituitary of alphaT3-1 cell line: differential roles of calcium and protein kinase C. Endocrinology 138: 1673-1682, 1997.
    • (1997) Endocrinology , vol.138 , pp. 1673-1682
    • Reiss, N.1    Llevi, L.N.2    Shacham, S.3    Harris, D.4    Seger, R.5    Naor, Z.6
  • 23
    • 0032922608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcriptional activation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor gene by GnRH: Involvement of multiple signal transduction pathways
    • Lin X and Conn PM: Transcriptional activation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor gene by GnRH: involvement of multiple signal transduction pathways. Endocrinology 140: 358-364, 1999.
    • (1999) Endocrinology , vol.140 , pp. 358-364
    • Lin, X.1    Conn, P.M.2
  • 24
    • 0029062123 scopus 로고
    • A role for mitogen-activated protein kinase in mediating activation of the glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit promoter by gonadotropin releasing hormone
    • Roberson MS, Misra-Press A, Laurance ME, Stork PJ and Maurer RA: A role for mitogen-activated protein kinase in mediating activation of the glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit promoter by gonadotropin releasing hormone. Mol Cell Biol 15: 3531-3539, 1995.
    • (1995) Mol Cell Biol , vol.15 , pp. 3531-3539
    • Roberson, M.S.1    Misra-Press, A.2    Laurance, M.E.3    Stork, P.J.4    Maurer, R.A.5
  • 25
    • 0026752378 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of DNA sequences required for pituitary-specific expression of the glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit gene
    • Schoderbek WE, Kim KE, Ridgway EC, Mellon PL and Maurer RA: Analysis of DNA sequences required for pituitary-specific expression of the glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit gene. Mol Endocrinol 6: 893-903, 1992.
    • (1992) Mol Endocrinol , vol.6 , pp. 893-903
    • Schoderbek, W.E.1    Kim, K.E.2    Ridgway, E.C.3    Mellon, P.L.4    Maurer, R.A.5
  • 26
    • 0027467420 scopus 로고
    • Two different DNA elements mediate gonadotropin releasing hormone effects on expression of the glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit gene
    • Schoderbek WE, Roberson MS and Maurer RA: Two different DNA elements mediate gonadotropin releasing hormone effects on expression of the glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit gene. J Biol Chem 268: 3903-3910, 1993.
    • (1993) J Biol Chem , vol.268 , pp. 3903-3910
    • Schoderbek, W.E.1    Roberson, M.S.2    Maurer, R.A.3
  • 27
    • 0032230247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stimulation of Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) by gonadotropin-releasing hormone in pituitary alpha T3-1 cell line is mediated by protein kinase C, c-Src, and CDC42
    • Levi NL, Hanoch T, Benard O, et al: Stimulation of Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) by gonadotropin-releasing hormone in pituitary alpha T3-1 cell line is mediated by protein kinase C, c-Src, and CDC42. Mol Endocrinol 12: 815-824, 1998.
    • (1998) Mol Endocrinol , vol.12 , pp. 815-824
    • Levi, N.L.1    Hanoch, T.2    Benard, O.3
  • 28
    • 0031735917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcriptional activation of the ovine follicle-stimulating hormone beta-subunit gene by gonadotropin-releasing hormone: Involvement of two activating protein-1-binding sites and protein kinase C
    • Strahl BD, Huang HJ, Sebastian J, Ghosh BR and Miller WL: Transcriptional activation of the ovine follicle-stimulating hormone beta-subunit gene by gonadotropin-releasing hormone: involvement of two activating protein-1-binding sites and protein kinase C. Endocrinology 139: 4455-4465, 1998.
    • (1998) Endocrinology , vol.139 , pp. 4455-4465
    • Strahl, B.D.1    Huang, H.J.2    Sebastian, J.3    Ghosh, B.R.4    Miller, W.L.5
  • 29
    • 34250851589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 mediates gonadotropin-releasing hormone signaling to a specific extracellularly regulated kinase-sensitive transcriptional locus in the luteinizing hormone beta-subunit gene
    • Maudsley S, Naor Z, Bonfil D, et al: Proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 mediates gonadotropin-releasing hormone signaling to a specific extracellularly regulated kinase-sensitive transcriptional locus in the luteinizing hormone beta-subunit gene. Mol Endocrinol 21: 1216-1233, 2007.
    • (2007) Mol Endocrinol , vol.21 , pp. 1216-1233
    • Maudsley, S.1    Naor, Z.2    Bonfil, D.3
  • 30
    • 0346422464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropeptide-induced transactivation of a neuronal epidermal growth factor receptor is mediated by metalloprotease-dependent formation of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor
    • Shah BH, Farshori MP and Catt KJ: Neuropeptide-induced transactivation of a neuronal epidermal growth factor receptor is mediated by metalloprotease-dependent formation of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor. J Biol Chem 279: 414-420, 2004.
    • (2004) J Biol Chem , vol.279 , pp. 414-420
    • Shah, B.H.1    Farshori, M.P.2    Catt, K.J.3
  • 31
    • 0345826089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytoskeletal reorganization dependence of signaling by the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor
    • Davidson L, Pawson AJ, Millar RP and Maudsley S: Cytoskeletal reorganization dependence of signaling by the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor. J Biol Chem 279: 1980-1993, 2004.
    • (2004) J Biol Chem , vol.279 , pp. 1980-1993
    • Davidson, L.1    Pawson, A.J.2    Millar, R.P.3    Maudsley, S.4
  • 32
    • 0031877855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor couples to multiple G proteins in rat gonadotrophs and in GGH3 cells: Evidence from palmitoylation and overexpression of G proteins
    • Stanislaus D, Ponder S, Ji TH and Conn PM: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor couples to multiple G proteins in rat gonadotrophs and in GGH3 cells: evidence from palmitoylation and overexpression of G proteins. Biol Reprod 59: 579-586, 1998.
    • (1998) Biol Reprod , vol.59 , pp. 579-586
    • Stanislaus, D.1    Ponder, S.2    Ji, T.H.3    Conn, P.M.4
  • 33
    • 0035020249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiproliferative signaling of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in human endometrial and ovarian cancer cells through G protein alpha(I)-mediated activation of phosphotyrosine phosphatase
    • Gründker C, Völker P and Emons G: Antiproliferative signaling of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in human endometrial and ovarian cancer cells through G protein alpha(I)-mediated activation of phosphotyrosine phosphatase. Endocrinology 142: 2369-2380, 2001.
    • (2001) Endocrinology , vol.142 , pp. 2369-2380
    • Gründker, C.1    Völker, P.2    Emons, G.3
  • 34
    • 0037418302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An agonist-induced switch in G protein coupling of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor regulates pulsatile neuropeptide secretion
    • Krsmanovic LZ, Mores N, Navarro CE, Arora KK and Catt KJ: An agonist-induced switch in G protein coupling of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor regulates pulsatile neuropeptide secretion. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100: 2969-2974, 2003.
    • (2003) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.100 , pp. 2969-2974
    • Krsmanovic, L.Z.1    Mores, N.2    Navarro, C.E.3    Arora, K.K.4    Catt, K.J.5
  • 35
    • 48749106142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple G proteins compete for binding with the human gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor
    • Knollman PE and Conn PM: Multiple G proteins compete for binding with the human gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor. Arch Biochem Biophys 477: 92-97, 2008.
    • (2008) Arch Biochem Biophys , vol.477 , pp. 92-97
    • Knollman, P.E.1    Conn, P.M.2
  • 36
    • 0041355688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • c-Src is activated by the epidermal growth factor receptor in a pathway that mediates JNK and ERK activation by gonadotropin-releasing hormone in COS7 cells
    • Kraus S, Benard O, Naor Z and Seger R: c-Src is activated by the epidermal growth factor receptor in a pathway that mediates JNK and ERK activation by gonadotropin-releasing hormone in COS7 cells. J Biol Chem 278: 32618-32630, 2003.
    • (2003) J Biol Chem , vol.278 , pp. 32618-32630
    • Kraus, S.1    Benard, O.2    Naor, Z.3    Seger, R.4
  • 37
    • 4143145476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gonadotropin-releasing hormone induces apoptosis of prostate cancer cells: Role of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase, protein kinase B, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathways
    • Kraus S, Levy G, Hanoch T, Naor Z and Seger R: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone induces apoptosis of prostate cancer cells: role of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase, protein kinase B, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathways. Cancer Res 64: 5736-5744, 2004.
    • (2004) Cancer Res , vol.64 , pp. 5736-5744
    • Kraus, S.1    Levy, G.2    Hanoch, T.3    Naor, Z.4    Seger, R.5
  • 38
    • 54849408590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gonadotropin-releasing hormone: GnRH receptor signaling in extrapituitary tissues
    • Cheung LW and Wong AS: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone: GnRH receptor signaling in extrapituitary tissues. FEBS J 275: 5479-5495, 2008.
    • (2008) FEBS J , vol.275 , pp. 5479-5495
    • Cheung, L.W.1    Wong, A.S.2
  • 39
    • 0028148727 scopus 로고
    • Expression and regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and GnRH receptor messenger ribonucleic acids in human granulosa-luteal cells
    • Peng C, Fan NC, Ligier M, Vaananen J and Leung PC: Expression and regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and GnRH receptor messenger ribonucleic acids in human granulosa-luteal cells. Endocrinology 135: 1740-1746, 1994.
    • (1994) Endocrinology , vol.135 , pp. 1740-1746
    • Peng, C.1    Fan, N.C.2    Ligier, M.3    Vaananen, J.4    Leung, P.C.5
  • 40
    • 0034455307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and its receptor gene expression by 17beta-estradiol in cultured human granulosa-luteal cells
    • Nathwani PS, Kang SK, Cheng KW, Choi KC and Leung PC: Regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and its receptor gene expression by 17beta-estradiol in cultured human granulosa-luteal cells. Endocrinology 141: 1754-1763, 2000.
    • (2000) Endocrinology , vol.141 , pp. 1754-1763
    • Nathwani, P.S.1    Kang, S.K.2    Cheng, K.W.3    Choi, K.C.4    Leung, P.C.5
  • 41
    • 33751511183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunolocalization of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-I, GnRH-II, and type I GnRH receptor during follicular development in the human ovary
    • Choi JH, Gilks CB, Auersperg N and Leung PC: Immunolocalization of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-I, GnRH-II, and type I GnRH receptor during follicular development in the human ovary. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91: 4562-4570, 2006.
    • (2006) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.91 , pp. 4562-4570
    • Choi, J.H.1    Gilks, C.B.2    Auersperg, N.3    Leung, P.C.4
  • 42
    • 0033763015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hormonal regulation of estrogen receptor alpha and beta gene expression in human granulosa-luteal cells in vitro
    • Chiang CH, Cheng KW, Igarashi S, Nathwani PS and Leung PC: Hormonal regulation of estrogen receptor alpha and beta gene expression in human granulosa-luteal cells in vitro. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85: 3828-3839, 2000.
    • (2000) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.85 , pp. 3828-3839
    • Chiang, C.H.1    Cheng, K.W.2    Igarashi, S.3    Nathwani, P.S.4    Leung, P.C.5
  • 43
    • 0022657965 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor site in term placenta and chorionic villi
    • Iwashita M, Evans MI and Catt KJ: Characterization of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor site in term placenta and chorionic villi. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 62: 127-133, 1986.
    • (1986) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.62 , pp. 127-133
    • Iwashita, M.1    Evans, M.I.2    Catt, K.J.3
  • 44
    • 0028795235 scopus 로고
    • Expression of human gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene in the placenta and its functional relationship to human chorionic gonadotropin secretion
    • Lin LS, Roberts VJ and Yen SS: Expression of human gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene in the placenta and its functional relationship to human chorionic gonadotropin secretion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 80: 580-585, 1995.
    • (1995) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.80 , pp. 580-585
    • Lin, L.S.1    Roberts, V.J.2    Yen, S.S.3
  • 45
    • 0034456399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of human gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene expression in placental cells
    • Cheng KW, Nathwani PS and Leung PC: Regulation of human gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene expression in placental cells. Endocrinology 141: 2340-2349, 2000.
    • (2000) Endocrinology , vol.141 , pp. 2340-2349
    • Cheng, K.W.1    Nathwani, P.S.2    Leung, P.C.3
  • 46
    • 0032979298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Independent regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), and TIMP-3 in human endometrial stromal cells by gonadotropin-releasing hormone: Implications in early human implantation
    • Raga F, Casañ EM, Wen Y, Huang HY, Bonilla-Musoles F and Polan ML: Independent regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), and TIMP-3 in human endometrial stromal cells by gonadotropin-releasing hormone: implications in early human implantation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84: 636-642, 1999.
    • (1999) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.84 , pp. 636-642
    • Raga, F.1    Casañ, E.M.2    Wen, Y.3    Huang, H.Y.4    Bonilla-Musoles, F.5    Polan, M.L.6
  • 47
    • 0026721062 scopus 로고
    • The matrix metalloproteinases and their natural inhibitors: Prospects for treating degenerative tissue diseases
    • Docherty AJ, O'Connell J, Crabbe T, Angal S and Murphy G: The matrix metalloproteinases and their natural inhibitors: prospects for treating degenerative tissue diseases. Trends Biotechnol 10: 200-207, 1992.
    • (1992) Trends Biotechnol , vol.10 , pp. 200-207
    • Docherty, A.J.1    O'Connell, J.2    Crabbe, T.3    Angal, S.4    Murphy, G.5
  • 48
    • 33947152165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gonadotropin-releasing hormone functionally antagonizes testosterone activation of the human androgen receptor in prostate cells through focal adhesion complexes involving Hic-5
    • Maudsley S, Davidson L, Pawson AJ, Freestone SH, López de Maturana R, Thomson AA and Millar RP: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone functionally antagonizes testosterone activation of the human androgen receptor in prostate cells through focal adhesion complexes involving Hic-5. Neuroendocrinology 84: 285-300, 2006.
    • (2006) Neuroendocrinology , vol.84 , pp. 285-300
    • Maudsley, S.1    Davidson, L.2    Pawson, A.J.3    Freestone, S.H.4    López de Maturana, R.5    Thomson, A.A.6    Millar, R.P.7
  • 49
    • 0036912911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neuropeptides GnRH-II and GnRH-I are produced by human T cells and trigger laminin receptor gene expression, adhesion, chemotaxis and homing to specific organs
    • Chen A, Ganor Y, Rahimipour S, Ben-Aroya N, Koch Y and Levite M: The neuropeptides GnRH-II and GnRH-I are produced by human T cells and trigger laminin receptor gene expression, adhesion, chemotaxis and homing to specific organs. Nat Med 8: 1421-1426, 2002.
    • (2002) Nat Med , vol.8 , pp. 1421-1426
    • Chen, A.1    Ganor, Y.2    Rahimipour, S.3    Ben-Aroya, N.4    Koch, Y.5    Levite, M.6
  • 50
    • 0028586112 scopus 로고
    • The nucleotide sequences of human GnRH receptors in breast and ovarian tumors are identical with that found in pituitary
    • Kakar SS, Grizzle WE and Neill JD: The nucleotide sequences of human GnRH receptors in breast and ovarian tumors are identical with that found in pituitary. Mol Cell Endocrinol 106: 145-149, 1994.
    • (1994) Mol Cell Endocrinol , vol.106 , pp. 145-149
    • Kakar, S.S.1    Grizzle, W.E.2    Neill, J.D.3
  • 51
    • 0029920507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and its receptor in endometrial cancer, and its relevance as an autocrine growth factor
    • Chatzaki E, Bax CM, Eidne KA, Anderson L, Grudzinskas JG and Gallagher CJ: The expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and its receptor in endometrial cancer, and its relevance as an autocrine growth factor. Cancer Res 56: 2059-2065, 1996.
    • (1996) Cancer Res , vol.56 , pp. 2059-2065
    • Chatzaki, E.1    Bax, C.M.2    Eidne, K.A.3    Anderson, L.4    Grudzinskas, J.G.5    Gallagher, C.J.6
  • 52
    • 0343527941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential expression of human gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene in pituitary and ovarian cells
    • Kang SK, Cheng KW, Ngan ES, Chow BK, Choi KC and Leung PC: Differential expression of human gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene in pituitary and ovarian cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 162: 157-166, 2000.
    • (2000) Mol Cell Endocrinol , vol.162 , pp. 157-166
    • Kang, S.K.1    Cheng, K.W.2    Ngan, E.S.3    Chow, B.K.4    Choi, K.C.5    Leung, P.C.6
  • 53
    • 0035371234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor expression in the human prostate
    • Tieva A, Stattin P, Wikstrom P, Bergh A and Damber JE: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor expression in the human prostate. Prostate 47: 276-284, 2001.
    • (2001) Prostate , vol.47 , pp. 276-284
    • Tieva, A.1    Stattin, P.2    Wikstrom, P.3    Bergh, A.4    Damber, J.E.5
  • 54
    • 39749202910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma membrane expression of GnRH receptors: Regulation by antagonists in breast, prostate, and gonadotrope cell lines
    • Finch AR, Sedgley KR, Caunt CJ and McArdle CA: Plasma membrane expression of GnRH receptors: regulation by antagonists in breast, prostate, and gonadotrope cell lines. J Endocrinol 196: 353-367, 2008.
    • (2008) J Endocrinol , vol.196 , pp. 353-367
    • Finch, A.R.1    Sedgley, K.R.2    Caunt, C.J.3    McArdle, C.A.4
  • 55
    • 0022386655 scopus 로고
    • Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors in human pituitary: Ligand structural requirements, molecular size, and cationic effects
    • Wormald PJ, Eidne KA and Millar RP: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors in human pituitary: ligand structural requirements, molecular size, and cationic effects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 61: 1190-1194, 1985.
    • (1985) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.61 , pp. 1190-1194
    • Wormald, P.J.1    Eidne, K.A.2    Millar, R.P.3
  • 56
    • 0021971578 scopus 로고
    • Growth of human breast cancer cells inhibited by a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist
    • Miller WR, Scott WN, Morris R, Fraser HM and Sharpe RM: Growth of human breast cancer cells inhibited by a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist. Nature 313: 231-233, 1985.
    • (1985) Nature , vol.313 , pp. 231-233
    • Miller, W.R.1    Scott, W.N.2    Morris, R.3    Fraser, H.M.4    Sharpe, R.M.5
  • 57
    • 0025317908 scopus 로고
    • Detection and partial characterization of receptors for [D-Trp6]-luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and epidermal growth factor in human endometrial carcinoma
    • Srkalovic G, Wittliff JL and Schally AV: Detection and partial characterization of receptors for [D-Trp6]-luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and epidermal growth factor in human endometrial carcinoma. Cancer Res 50: 1841-1846, 1990.
    • (1990) Cancer Res , vol.50 , pp. 1841-1846
    • Srkalovic, G.1    Wittliff, J.L.2    Schally, A.V.3
  • 58
    • 0027380592 scopus 로고
    • High affinity binding and direct antiproliferative effects of LHRH analogues in human ovarian cancer cell lines
    • Emons G, Ortmann O, Becker M, et al: High affinity binding and direct antiproliferative effects of LHRH analogues in human ovarian cancer cell lines. Cancer Res 53: 5439-5446, 1993.
    • (1993) Cancer Res , vol.53 , pp. 5439-5446
    • Emons, G.1    Ortmann, O.2    Becker, M.3
  • 59
    • 0022388942 scopus 로고
    • Gonadotropin-releasing hormone binding sites in human breast carcinoma
    • Eidne KA, Flanagan CA and Millar RP: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone binding sites in human breast carcinoma. Science 229: 989-991, 1985.
    • (1985) Science , vol.229 , pp. 989-991
    • Eidne, K.A.1    Flanagan, C.A.2    Millar, R.P.3
  • 60
    • 0034748094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signalling and antiproliferative effects mediated by GnRH receptor after expression in breast cancer cells using recombinant adenovirus
    • Everest H, Hislop JN, Harding T, Uney JB, Flynn A, Millar RP and McArdle CA: Signalling and antiproliferative effects mediated by GnRH receptor after expression in breast cancer cells using recombinant adenovirus. Endocrinology 142: 4663-4672, 2001.
    • (2001) Endocrinology , vol.142 , pp. 4663-4672
    • Everest, H.1    Hislop, J.N.2    Harding, T.3    Uney, J.B.4    Flynn, A.5    Millar, R.P.6    McArdle, C.A.7
  • 61
    • 1942472945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signaling and antiproliferative effects of type I and II gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors in breast cancer cells
    • Finch AR, Green L, Hislop JN, Kelly E and McArdle CA: Signaling and antiproliferative effects of type I and II gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors in breast cancer cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89: 1823-1832, 2004.
    • (2004) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.89 , pp. 1823-1832
    • Finch, A.R.1    Green, L.2    Hislop, J.N.3    Kelly, E.4    McArdle, C.A.5
  • 62
    • 0031438761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth-inhibitory actions of analogues of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone on tumor cells
    • Emons G, Ortmann O, Schulz KD and Schally AV: Growth-inhibitory actions of analogues of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone on tumor cells. Trends Endocrinol Metabol 8: 355-362, 1997.
    • (1997) Trends Endocrinol Metabol , vol.8 , pp. 355-362
    • Emons, G.1    Ortmann, O.2    Schulz, K.D.3    Schally, A.V.4
  • 63
    • 0028816385 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of human hepatocarcinoma cell proliferation by mammalian and fish gonadotropin-releasing hormones
    • Pati D and Habibi HR: Inhibition of human hepatocarcinoma cell proliferation by mammalian and fish gonadotropin-releasing hormones. Endocrinology 136: 75-84, 1995.
    • (1995) Endocrinology , vol.136 , pp. 75-84
    • Pati, D.1    Habibi, H.R.2
  • 64
    • 0036781141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A conjugate of doxorubicin and an analog of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone shows increased efficacy against oral and laryngeal cancers
    • Krebs LJ, Wang X, Nagy A, Schally AV, Prasad PN and Liebow C: A conjugate of doxorubicin and an analog of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone shows increased efficacy against oral and laryngeal cancers. Oral Oncol 38: 657-663, 2002.
    • (2002) Oral Oncol , vol.38 , pp. 657-663
    • Krebs, L.J.1    Wang, X.2    Nagy, A.3    Schally, A.V.4    Prasad, P.N.5    Liebow, C.6
  • 65
    • 0024437217 scopus 로고
    • Membrane receptors for peptides in experimental and human pancreatic cancers
    • Fekete M, Zalatnai A, Comaru-Schally AM and Schally AV: Membrane receptors for peptides in experimental and human pancreatic cancers. Pancreas 4: 521-528, 1989.
    • (1989) Pancreas , vol.4 , pp. 521-528
    • Fekete, M.1    Zalatnai, A.2    Comaru-Schally, A.M.3    Schally, A.V.4
  • 66
    • 34447290678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LH-RH receptors in human colorectal cancers: Unexpected molecular targets for experimental therapy
    • Szepeshazi K, Schally AV and Halmos G: LH-RH receptors in human colorectal cancers: unexpected molecular targets for experimental therapy. Int J Oncol 30: 1485-1492, 2007.
    • (2007) Int J Oncol , vol.30 , pp. 1485-1492
    • Szepeshazi, K.1    Schally, A.V.2    Halmos, G.3
  • 67
    • 25144450706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Receptors for luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) expressed in human non-Hodgkin's lymphomas can be targeted for therapy with the cytotoxic LHRH analogue AN-207
    • Keller G, Schally AV, Gaiser T, Nagy A, Baker B, Halmos G and Engel JB: Receptors for luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) expressed in human non-Hodgkin's lymphomas can be targeted for therapy with the cytotoxic LHRH analogue AN-207. Eur J Cancer 41: 2196-2202, 2005.
    • (2005) Eur J Cancer , vol.41 , pp. 2196-2202
    • Keller, G.1    Schally, A.V.2    Gaiser, T.3    Nagy, A.4    Baker, B.5    Halmos, G.6    Engel, J.B.7
  • 68
    • 0026565027 scopus 로고
    • Gonadotropin-releasing hormone specific binding sites in normal and malignant renal tissue
    • Sion-Vardi N, Kaneti J, Segal-Abramson T, Giat J, Levy J and Sharoni Y: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone specific binding sites in normal and malignant renal tissue. J Urol 148: 1568-1570, 1992.
    • (1992) J Urol , vol.148 , pp. 1568-1570
    • Sion-Vardi, N.1    Kaneti, J.2    Segal-Abramson, T.3    Giat, J.4    Levy, J.5    Sharoni, Y.6
  • 69
    • 23044477500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Receptors for luteinizing hormone releasing hormone expressed on human renal cell carcinomas can be used for targeted chemotherapy with cytotoxic luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogues
    • Keller G, Schally AV, Gaiser T, Nagy A, Baker B, Halmos G and Engel JB: Receptors for luteinizing hormone releasing hormone expressed on human renal cell carcinomas can be used for targeted chemotherapy with cytotoxic luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogues. Clin Cancer Res 11: 5549-5557, 2005.
    • (2005) Clin Cancer Res , vol.11 , pp. 5549-5557
    • Keller, G.1    Schally, A.V.2    Gaiser, T.3    Nagy, A.4    Baker, B.5    Halmos, G.6    Engel, J.B.7
  • 70
    • 0036348467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Locally expressed LHRH receptor mediate the oncostatic and antimetastastic activity of LHRH agonists on melanoma cells
    • Moretti RM, Montagnani MM, van Groeninghen JC and Limonta P: Locally expressed LHRH receptor mediate the oncostatic and antimetastastic activity of LHRH agonists on melanoma cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87: 3791-3797, 2002.
    • (2002) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.87 , pp. 3791-3797
    • Moretti, R.M.1    Montagnani, M.M.2    van Groeninghen, J.C.3    Limonta, P.4
  • 72
    • 0032145703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of luteinising-hormone-releasing hormone on nervous-system tumours
    • Van Groeninghen JC, Kiesel L, Winkler D and Zwirner M: Effects of luteinising-hormone-releasing hormone on nervous-system tumours. Lancet 352: 372-373, 1998.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , pp. 372-373
    • Van Groeninghen, J.C.1    Kiesel, L.2    Winkler, D.3    Zwirner, M.4
  • 73
    • 0024393786 scopus 로고
    • Presence of membrane binding sites for [D-TRP6]-luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in experimental pancreatic cancer
    • Fekete M, Zalatnai A and Schally AV: Presence of membrane binding sites for [D-TRP6]-luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in experimental pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett 45: 87-91, 1989.
    • (1989) Cancer Lett , vol.45 , pp. 87-91
    • Fekete, M.1    Zalatnai, A.2    Schally, A.V.3
  • 74
    • 8944225497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytotoxic analogs of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone containing doxorubicin or 2-pyrrolinodoxorubicin, a derivative 500-1000 times more potent
    • Nagy A, Schally AV, Armatis P, et al: Cytotoxic analogs of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone containing doxorubicin or 2-pyrrolinodoxorubicin, a derivative 500-1000 times more potent. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93: 7269-7273, 1996.
    • (1996) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.93 , pp. 7269-7273
    • Nagy, A.1    Schally, A.V.2    Armatis, P.3
  • 75
    • 0032739426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogs: Their impact on the control of tumorigenesis
    • Schally AV: Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogs: their impact on the control of tumorigenesis. Peptides 20: 1247-1262, 1999.
    • (1999) Peptides , vol.20 , pp. 1247-1262
    • Schally, A.V.1
  • 76
    • 4444274816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemotherapy targeted to cancers through tumoral hormone receptors
    • Schally AV and Nagy A: Chemotherapy targeted to cancers through tumoral hormone receptors. Trends Endocrinol Metab 15: 300-310, 2004.
    • (2004) Trends Endocrinol Metab , vol.15 , pp. 300-310
    • Schally, A.V.1    Nagy, A.2
  • 77
    • 0032032276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of the growth of Caki-I human renal adenocarcinoma in vivo by luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone antagonist Cetrorelix, somatostatin analog RC-160, and bombesin antagonist RC-3940-II
    • Jungwirth A, Schally AV, Halmos G, Groot K, Szepeshazi K, Pinski J and Armatis P: Inhibition of the growth of Caki-I human renal adenocarcinoma in vivo by luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone antagonist Cetrorelix, somatostatin analog RC-160, and bombesin antagonist RC-3940-II. Cancer 82: 909-917, 1998.
    • (1998) Cancer , vol.82 , pp. 909-917
    • Jungwirth, A.1    Schally, A.V.2    Halmos, G.3    Groot, K.4    Szepeshazi, K.5    Pinski, J.6    Armatis, P.7
  • 78
    • 4344637399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in ovarian cancer
    • Gründker C and Emons G: Role of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in ovarian cancer. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 1: 65-71, 2003.
    • (2003) Reprod Biol Endocrinol , vol.1 , pp. 65-71
    • Gründker, C.1    Emons, G.2
  • 79
    • 54849405953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gonadotropin-releasing hormone and ovarian cancer: A functional and mechanistic overview
    • So WK, Cheng JC, Poon SL and Leung PC: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone and ovarian cancer: a functional and mechanistic overview. FEBS J 275: 5496-5511, 2008.
    • (2008) FEBS J , vol.275 , pp. 5496-5511
    • So, W.K.1    Cheng, J.C.2    Poon, S.L.3    Leung, P.C.4
  • 80
    • 0027411778 scopus 로고
    • Expression of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone mRNA in the human prostatic cancer cell line LNCaP
    • Limonta P, Dondi D, Moretti RM, Fermo D, Garattini E and Motta M: Expression of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone mRNA in the human prostatic cancer cell line LNCaP. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 76: 797-800, 1993.
    • (1993) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.76 , pp. 797-800
    • Limonta, P.1    Dondi, D.2    Moretti, R.M.3    Fermo, D.4    Garattini, E.5    Motta, M.6
  • 81
    • 0031671617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and GnRH receptor mRNA in prostate cancer cells and effect of GnRH on the proliferation of prostate cancer cells
    • Bahk JY, Hyun JS, Lee H, Kim MO, Cho GJ, Lee BH and Choi WS: Expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and GnRH receptor mRNA in prostate cancer cells and effect of GnRH on the proliferation of prostate cancer cells. Urol Res 26: 259-264, 1998.
    • (1998) Urol Res , vol.26 , pp. 259-264
    • Bahk, J.Y.1    Hyun, J.S.2    Lee, H.3    Kim, M.O.4    Cho, G.J.5    Lee, B.H.6    Choi, W.S.7
  • 82
    • 0033303530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone receptor in human prostate cancer cells: Messenger ribonucleic acid expression, molecular size, and signal transduction pathway
    • Limonta P, Moretti RM, Montagnani Marelli M, Dondi D, Parenti M and Motta M: The luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone receptor in human prostate cancer cells: messenger ribonucleic acid expression, molecular size, and signal transduction pathway. Endocrinology 140: 5250-5256, 1999.
    • (1999) Endocrinology , vol.140 , pp. 5250-5256
    • Limonta, P.1    Moretti, R.M.2    Montagnani Marelli, M.3    Dondi, D.4    Parenti, M.5    Motta, M.6
  • 83
    • 0026545546 scopus 로고
    • Direct effects of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists and antagonists on MCF-7 mammary cancer cells
    • Segal-Abramson T, Kitroser H, Levy J, Schally AV and Sharoni Y: Direct effects of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists and antagonists on MCF-7 mammary cancer cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89: 2336-2339, 1992.
    • (1992) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.89 , pp. 2336-2339
    • Segal-Abramson, T.1    Kitroser, H.2    Levy, J.3    Schally, A.V.4    Sharoni, Y.5
  • 84
    • 0030923675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The genes for gonadotropin-releasing hormone and its receptor are expressed in human breast with fibrocystic disease and cancer
    • Kottler ML, Starzec A, Carre MC, Lagarde JP, Martin A and Counis R: The genes for gonadotropin-releasing hormone and its receptor are expressed in human breast with fibrocystic disease and cancer. Int J Cancer 71: 595-599, 1997.
    • (1997) Int J Cancer , vol.71 , pp. 595-599
    • Kottler, M.L.1    Starzec, A.2    Carre, M.C.3    Lagarde, J.P.4    Martin, A.5    Counis, R.6
  • 85
    • 0347320615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The biology of gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone: Role in the control of tumor growth and progression in humans
    • Limonta P, Moretti RM, Marelli MM and Motta M: The biology of gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone: role in the control of tumor growth and progression in humans. Front Neuroendocrinol 24: 279-295, 2003.
    • (2003) Front Neuroendocrinol , vol.24 , pp. 279-295
    • Limonta, P.1    Moretti, R.M.2    Marelli, M.M.3    Motta, M.4
  • 86
    • 0036182849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of receptors for luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in human ovarian and endometrial cancers: Frequency, autoregulation, and correlation with direct antiproliferative activity of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogues
    • Volker P, Gründker C, Schmidt O, Schulz KD and Emons G: Expression of receptors for luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in human ovarian and endometrial cancers: frequency, autoregulation, and correlation with direct antiproliferative activity of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogues. Am J Obstet Gynecol 186: 171-179, 2002.
    • (2002) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.186 , pp. 171-179
    • Volker, P.1    Gründker, C.2    Schmidt, O.3    Schulz, K.D.4    Emons, G.5
  • 87
    • 47749123797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of gonadotrophin releasing hormone receptor I is a favorable prognostic factor in epithelial ovarian cancer
    • Wilkinson SJ, Kucukmetin A, Cross P, et al: Expression of gonadotrophin releasing hormone receptor I is a favorable prognostic factor in epithelial ovarian cancer. Hum Pathol 39: 1197-1204, 2008.
    • (2008) Hum Pathol , vol.39 , pp. 1197-1204
    • Wilkinson, S.J.1    Kucukmetin, A.2    Cross, P.3
  • 88
    • 0031214249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of annexin V in antiproliferative effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists on human endometrial cancer cell line
    • Shibata S, Sato H, Ota H, Karube A, Takahashi O and Tanaka T: Involvement of annexin V in antiproliferative effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists on human endometrial cancer cell line. Gynecol Oncol 66: 217-221, 1997.
    • (1997) Gynecol Oncol , vol.66 , pp. 217-221
    • Shibata, S.1    Sato, H.2    Ota, H.3    Karube, A.4    Takahashi, O.5    Tanaka, T.6
  • 89
    • 0343238179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LHRH might act as a negative autocrine regulator of proliferation of human ovarian cancer
    • Emons G, Weiss S, Ortmann O, Gründker C and Schulz KD: LHRH might act as a negative autocrine regulator of proliferation of human ovarian cancer. Eur J Endocrinol 142: 665-670: 2000.
    • (2000) Eur J Endocrinol , vol.142 , pp. 665-670
    • Emons, G.1    Weiss, S.2    Ortmann, O.3    Gründker, C.4    Schulz, K.D.5
  • 90
    • 0029816592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coupling of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor to Gi protein in human reproductive tract tumors
    • Imai A, Takagi H, Horibe S, Fuseya T and Tamaya T: Coupling of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor to Gi protein in human reproductive tract tumors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81: 3249-3253, 1996.
    • (1996) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.81 , pp. 3249-3253
    • Imai, A.1    Takagi, H.2    Horibe, S.3    Fuseya, T.4    Tamaya, T.5
  • 91
    • 0030614823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gi protein activation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone-mediated protein dephosphorylation in human endometrial carcinoma
    • Imai A, Horibe S, Takagi A and Tamaya T: Gi protein activation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone-mediated protein dephosphorylation in human endometrial carcinoma. Am J Obstet Gynecol 176: 371-376, 1997.
    • (1997) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.176 , pp. 371-376
    • Imai, A.1    Horibe, S.2    Takagi, A.3    Tamaya, T.4
  • 92
    • 0032723879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase cascade in gonadotropin-releasing hormone-induced growth inhibition of a human ovarian cancer cell line
    • Kimura A, Ohmichi M, Kurachi H, et al: Role of mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase cascade in gonadotropin-releasing hormone-induced growth inhibition of a human ovarian cancer cell line. Cancer Res 59: 5133-5142, 1999.
    • (1999) Cancer Res , vol.59 , pp. 5133-5142
    • Kimura, A.1    Ohmichi, M.2    Kurachi, H.3
  • 93
    • 10344248844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists interfere with the stimulatory actions of epidermal growth factor in human prostatic cancer cell lines, LNCaP and DU 145
    • Moretti RM, Marelli MM, Dondi D, Poletti A, Martini L, Motta M and Limonta P: Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists interfere with the stimulatory actions of epidermal growth factor in human prostatic cancer cell lines, LNCaP and DU 145. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81: 3930-3937, 1996.
    • (1996) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.81 , pp. 3930-3937
    • Moretti, R.M.1    Marelli, M.M.2    Dondi, D.3    Poletti, A.4    Martini, L.5    Motta, M.6    Limonta, P.7
  • 94
    • 0028284562 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of growth of OV-1063 human epithelial ovarian cancer xenografts in nude mice by treatment with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone antagonist SB-75
    • Yano T, Pinski J, Halmos G, Szepeshazi K, Groot K and Schally AV: Inhibition of growth of OV-1063 human epithelial ovarian cancer xenografts in nude mice by treatment with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone antagonist SB-75. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91: 7090-7094, 1994.
    • (1994) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.91 , pp. 7090-7094
    • Yano, T.1    Pinski, J.2    Halmos, G.3    Szepeshazi, K.4    Groot, K.5    Schally, A.V.6
  • 95
    • 33646014459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-I and -II-induced cell growth inhibition in ovarian cancer cells: Role of the GnRH-I receptor and protein kinase C pathway
    • Kim KY, Choi KC, Auersperg N and Leung PC: Mechanism of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-I and -II-induced cell growth inhibition in ovarian cancer cells: role of the GnRH-I receptor and protein kinase C pathway. Endocr Relat Cancer 13: 211-220, 2006.
    • (2006) Endocr Relat Cancer , vol.13 , pp. 211-220
    • Kim, K.Y.1    Choi, K.C.2    Auersperg, N.3    Leung, P.C.4
  • 96
    • 33845313655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gonadotropin-releasing hormone promotes ovarian cancer cell invasiveness through c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase-mediated activation of matrix metallo-proteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9
    • Cheung LW, Leung PC and Wong AS: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone promotes ovarian cancer cell invasiveness through c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase-mediated activation of matrix metallo-proteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9. Cancer Res 66: 10902-10910, 2006.
    • (2006) Cancer Res , vol.66 , pp. 10902-10910
    • Cheung, L.W.1    Leung, P.C.2    Wong, A.S.3
  • 97
    • 0025312993 scopus 로고
    • The effects of Gonadotropin releasing hormone analogues in prostate cancer are mediated through specific tumour receptors
    • Qayum A, Gullick W, Clayton RC, Sikora K and Waxman J: The effects of Gonadotropin releasing hormone analogues in prostate cancer are mediated through specific tumour receptors. Br J Cancer 62: 96-99, 1990.
    • (1990) Br J Cancer , vol.62 , pp. 96-99
    • Qayum, A.1    Gullick, W.2    Clayton, R.C.3    Sikora, K.4    Waxman, J.5
  • 98
    • 0033963203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High incidence of receptors for luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) and LHRH receptor gene expression in human prostate cancers
    • Halmos G, Arencibia JM, Schally AV, Davis R and Bostwick DG: High incidence of receptors for luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) and LHRH receptor gene expression in human prostate cancers. J Urol 163: 623-629, 2000.
    • (2000) J Urol , vol.163 , pp. 623-629
    • Halmos, G.1    Arencibia, J.M.2    Schally, A.V.3    Davis, R.4    Bostwick, D.G.5
  • 99
    • 0024405857 scopus 로고
    • Receptors for luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, somatostatin, prolactin, and epidermal growth factor in rat and human prostate cancers and in benign prostate hyperplasia
    • Fekete M, Redding TW, Comaru-Schally AM, Pontes JE, Connelly RW, Srkalovic G and Schally AV: Receptors for luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, somatostatin, prolactin, and epidermal growth factor in rat and human prostate cancers and in benign prostate hyperplasia. Prostate 14: 191-208, 1989.
    • (1989) Prostate , vol.14 , pp. 191-208
    • Fekete, M.1    Redding, T.W.2    Comaru-Schally, A.M.3    Pontes, J.E.4    Connelly, R.W.5    Srkalovic, G.6    Schally, A.V.7
  • 100
    • 0026716297 scopus 로고
    • Antiproliferative effects of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists on the human prostatic cancer cell line LNCaP
    • Limonta P, Dondi D, Moretti RM, Maggi R and Motta M: Antiproliferative effects of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists on the human prostatic cancer cell line LNCaP. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 75: 207-212, 1992.
    • (1992) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.75 , pp. 207-212
    • Limonta, P.1    Dondi, D.2    Moretti, R.M.3    Maggi, R.4    Motta, M.5
  • 101
    • 0027941068 scopus 로고
    • Antiproliferative effects of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists on human androgen-independent prostate cancer cell line DU 145: Evidence for an autocrine-inhibitory LHRH loop
    • Dondi D, Limonta P, Moretti RM, Marelli MM, Garattini E and Motta M: Antiproliferative effects of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists on human androgen-independent prostate cancer cell line DU 145: evidence for an autocrine-inhibitory LHRH loop. Cancer Res 54: 4091-4095, 1994.
    • (1994) Cancer Res , vol.54 , pp. 4091-4095
    • Dondi, D.1    Limonta, P.2    Moretti, R.M.3    Marelli, M.M.4    Garattini, E.5    Motta, M.6
  • 102
    • 0032949187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeted cytotoxic analog of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone AN-207 inhibits the growth of PC-82 human prostate cancer in nude mice
    • Koppán M, Nagy A, Schally AV, Plonowski A, Halmos G, Arencibia JM and Groot K: Targeted cytotoxic analog of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone AN-207 inhibits the growth of PC-82 human prostate cancer in nude mice. Prostate 38: 151-158, 1999.
    • (1999) Prostate , vol.38 , pp. 151-158
    • Koppán, M.1    Nagy, A.2    Schally, A.V.3    Plonowski, A.4    Halmos, G.5    Arencibia, J.M.6    Groot, K.7
  • 103
    • 0031960297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth-inhibitory effects of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists on xenografts of the DU145 human androgen-independent prostate cancer cell line in nude mice
    • Dondi D, Moretti RM, Montagnani Marelli M, et al: Growth-inhibitory effects of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists on xenografts of the DU145 human androgen-independent prostate cancer cell line in nude mice. Int J Cancer 76: 506-511, 1998.
    • (1998) Int J Cancer , vol.76 , pp. 506-511
    • Dondi, D.1    Moretti, R.M.2    Montagnani Marelli, M.3
  • 104
    • 0033119894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor mRNA in the rat ventral prostate and dunning R3327 PAP adenocarcinoma before and after castration
    • Tieva A, Wilkström P, Olofsson JI, Bergh A and Damber JE: Expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor mRNA in the rat ventral prostate and dunning R3327 PAP adenocarcinoma before and after castration. Prostate 39: 101-107, 1999.
    • (1999) Prostate , vol.39 , pp. 101-107
    • Tieva, A.1    Wilkström, P.2    Olofsson, J.I.3    Bergh, A.4    Damber, J.E.5
  • 105
    • 0007983160 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of prostate tumor growth in two rat models by chronic administration of D-Trp6 analogue of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone
    • Redding TW and Schally AV: Inhibition of prostate tumor growth in two rat models by chronic administration of D-Trp6 analogue of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78: 6509-6512, 1981.
    • (1981) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.78 , pp. 6509-6512
    • Redding, T.W.1    Schally, A.V.2
  • 106
    • 0020040070 scopus 로고
    • Tumor growth inhibition in patients with prostatic carcinoma treated with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists
    • Tolis G, Ackman D, Stellos A, et al: Tumor growth inhibition in patients with prostatic carcinoma treated with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79: 1658-1662, 1982.
    • (1982) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.79 , pp. 1658-1662
    • Tolis, G.1    Ackman, D.2    Stellos, A.3
  • 107
    • 0035129338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro targeting of a cytotoxic analog of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone AN-207 to ES-2 human ovarian cancer cells as demonstrated by microsatellite analyses
    • Arencibia JM, Schally AV, Halmos G, Nagy A and Kiaris H: In vitro targeting of a cytotoxic analog of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone AN-207 to ES-2 human ovarian cancer cells as demonstrated by microsatellite analyses. Anticancer Drugs 12: 71-78, 2001.
    • (2001) Anticancer Drugs , vol.12 , pp. 71-78
    • Arencibia, J.M.1    Schally, A.V.2    Halmos, G.3    Nagy, A.4    Kiaris, H.5
  • 108
    • 19944405794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence that prostate gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors mediate an anti-tumourigenic response to analogue therapy in hormone refractory prostate cancer
    • Gnanapragasam VJ, Darby S, Khan MM, Lock WG, Robson CN and Leung HY: Evidence that prostate gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors mediate an anti-tumourigenic response to analogue therapy in hormone refractory prostate cancer. J Pathol 206: 205-213, 2005.
    • (2005) J Pathol , vol.206 , pp. 205-213
    • Gnanapragasam, V.J.1    Darby, S.2    Khan, M.M.3    Lock, W.G.4    Robson, C.N.5    Leung, H.Y.6
  • 109
    • 14844288074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor-targeted gene therapy of gynecologic cancers
    • Gründker C, Huschmand Nia A and Emons G: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor-targeted gene therapy of gynecologic cancers. Mol Cancer Ther 4: 225-231, 2005.
    • (2005) Mol Cancer Ther , vol.4 , pp. 225-231
    • Gründker, C.1    Huschmand Nia, A.2    Emons, G.3
  • 110
    • 70449407662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists interfere with the mitogenic activity of the insulin-like growth factor system in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells
    • Montagnani Marelli M, Moretti RM, Dondi D and Motta M: Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists interfere with the mitogenic activity of the insulin-like growth factor system in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells. Endocrinology 76: 506-511, 1999.
    • (1999) Endocrinology , vol.76 , pp. 506-511
    • Montagnani Marelli, M.1    Moretti, R.M.2    Dondi, D.3    Motta, M.4
  • 111
    • 5644247440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists promote proapoptotic signaling in peripheral reproductive tumor cells by activating a Galphai-coupling state of the type I GnRH receptor
    • Maudsley S, Davidson L, Pawson AJ, Chan R, López de Maturana R and Millar RP: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists promote proapoptotic signaling in peripheral reproductive tumor cells by activating a Galphai-coupling state of the type I GnRH receptor. Cancer Res 64: 7533-7544, 2004.
    • (2004) Cancer Res , vol.64 , pp. 7533-7544
    • Maudsley, S.1    Davidson, L.2    Pawson, A.J.3    Chan, R.4    López de Maturana, R.5    Millar, R.P.6
  • 112
    • 23044486562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-I and GnRH-II on prostate cancer cell signaling and death
    • Maiti K, Oh DY, Moon JS, et al: Differential effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-I and GnRH-II on prostate cancer cell signaling and death. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90: 4287-4298, 2005.
    • (2005) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.90 , pp. 4287-4298
    • Maiti, K.1    Oh, D.Y.2    Moon, J.S.3
  • 113
    • 33644992893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gonadotropin-releasing hormone in apoptosis of prostate cancer cells
    • Kraus S, Naor Z and Seger R: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone in apoptosis of prostate cancer cells. Cancer Lett 234: 109-123, 2006.
    • (2006) Cancer Lett , vol.234 , pp. 109-123
    • Kraus, S.1    Naor, Z.2    Seger, R.3
  • 114
    • 29344450989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gonadotropin-releasing hormone induces actin cytoskeleton remodeling and affects cell migration in a cell-type-specific manner in TSU-Pr1 and DU145 cells
    • Enomoto M, Utsumi M and Park MK: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone induces actin cytoskeleton remodeling and affects cell migration in a cell-type-specific manner in TSU-Pr1 and DU145 cells. Endocrinology 147: 530-542, 2006.
    • (2006) Endocrinology , vol.147 , pp. 530-542
    • Enomoto, M.1    Utsumi, M.2    Park, M.K.3
  • 115
    • 33744485328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GnRH agonists and antagonists decrease the metastatic progression of human prostate cancer cell lines by inhibiting the plasminogen activator system
    • Dondi D, Festuccia C, Piccolella M, Bologna M and Motta M: GnRH agonists and antagonists decrease the metastatic progression of human prostate cancer cell lines by inhibiting the plasminogen activator system. Oncol Rep 15: 393-400, 2006.
    • (2006) Oncol Rep , vol.15 , pp. 393-400
    • Dondi, D.1    Festuccia, C.2    Piccolella, M.3    Bologna, M.4    Motta, M.5
  • 116
    • 14844288903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Luteinising hormone-releasing hormone analogue reverses the cell adhesion profile of EGFR overexpressing DU-145 human prostate carcinoma subline
    • Yates C, Wells A and Turner T: Luteinising hormone-releasing hormone analogue reverses the cell adhesion profile of EGFR overexpressing DU-145 human prostate carcinoma subline. Br J Cancer 92: 366-375, 2005.
    • (2005) Br J Cancer , vol.92 , pp. 366-375
    • Yates, C.1    Wells, A.2    Turner, T.3
  • 117
    • 34447547847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pituitary glycoprotein hormone receptors in non-endocrine organs
    • Blair HC, Wells A and Isales CM: Pituitary glycoprotein hormone receptors in non-endocrine organs. Trends Endocrinol Metabol 18: 227-233, 2007.
    • (2007) Trends Endocrinol Metabol , vol.18 , pp. 227-233
    • Blair, H.C.1    Wells, A.2    Isales, C.M.3
  • 118
    • 0024950999 scopus 로고
    • Characteristics and distribution of receptors for [D-TRP6]-luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, somatostatin, epidermal growth factor, and sex steroids in 500 biopsy samples of human breast cancer
    • Fekete M, Wittliff JL and Schally AV: Characteristics and distribution of receptors for [D-TRP6]-luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, somatostatin, epidermal growth factor, and sex steroids in 500 biopsy samples of human breast cancer. J Clin Lab Anal 3: 137-147, 1989.
    • (1989) J Clin Lab Anal , vol.3 , pp. 137-147
    • Fekete, M.1    Wittliff, J.L.2    Schally, A.V.3
  • 119
    • 0023141072 scopus 로고
    • Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-binding sites in human breast cancer cell lines and inhibitory effects of GnRH antagonists
    • Eidne KA, Flanagan CA, Harris NS and Millar RP: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-binding sites in human breast cancer cell lines and inhibitory effects of GnRH antagonists. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 64: 425-432, 1987.
    • (1987) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.64 , pp. 425-432
    • Eidne, K.A.1    Flanagan, C.A.2    Harris, N.S.3    Millar, R.P.4
  • 120
    • 0033564104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complete regression of MX-1 human breast carcinoma xenografts after targeted chemotherapy with a cytotoxic analog of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, AN-207
    • Kahán Z, Nagy A, Schally AV, Halmos G, Arencibia JM and Groot K: Complete regression of MX-1 human breast carcinoma xenografts after targeted chemotherapy with a cytotoxic analog of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, AN-207. Cancer 85: 2608-2615, 1999.
    • (1999) Cancer , vol.85 , pp. 2608-2615
    • Kahán, Z.1    Nagy, A.2    Schally, A.V.3    Halmos, G.4    Arencibia, J.M.5    Groot, K.6
  • 121
    • 0034010324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Administration of a targeted cytotoxic analog of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone inhibits growth of estrogen-independent MDA-MB-231 human breast cancers in nude mice
    • Kahán Z, Nagy A, Schally AV, Halmos G, Arencibia JM and Groot K: Administration of a targeted cytotoxic analog of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone inhibits growth of estrogen-independent MDA-MB-231 human breast cancers in nude mice. Breast Cancer Res Treat 59: 255-262, 2000.
    • (2000) Breast Cancer Res Treat , vol.59 , pp. 255-262
    • Kahán, Z.1    Nagy, A.2    Schally, A.V.3    Halmos, G.4    Arencibia, J.M.5    Groot, K.6
  • 122
    • 27144445244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting of cytotoxic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogs to breast, ovarian, endometrial, and prostate cancers
    • Nagy A and Schally AV: Targeting of cytotoxic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogs to breast, ovarian, endometrial, and prostate cancers. Biol Reprod 73: 851-859, 2005.
    • (2005) Biol Reprod , vol.73 , pp. 851-859
    • Nagy, A.1    Schally, A.V.2
  • 123
    • 38549128193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increase of doxorubicin-induced apoptosis after knock-down of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor expression in human endometrial, ovarian and breast cancer cells
    • Fister S, Schlotawa L, Günthert AR, Emons G and Gründker C: Increase of doxorubicin-induced apoptosis after knock-down of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor expression in human endometrial, ovarian and breast cancer cells. Gynecol Endocrinol 24: 24-29, 2008.
    • (2008) Gynecol Endocrinol , vol.24 , pp. 24-29
    • Fister, S.1    Schlotawa, L.2    Günthert, A.R.3    Emons, G.4    Gründker, C.5
  • 124
    • 33846785258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracellular gonadotropin-releasing receptors in breast cancer and gonadotrope linaje cells
    • Sedgley KR, Finch AR, Caunt CJ and McArdle CA: Intracellular gonadotropin-releasing receptors in breast cancer and gonadotrope linaje cells. J Endocrinol 191: 625-636, 2006.
    • (2006) J Endocrinol , vol.191 , pp. 625-636
    • Sedgley, K.R.1    Finch, A.R.2    Caunt, C.J.3    McArdle, C.A.4
  • 125
    • 0026010356 scopus 로고
    • Factors influencing the response of MCF-7 cells to an agonist of luteinising hormone-releasing hormone
    • Scott WN, Mullen P and Miller WR: Factors influencing the response of MCF-7 cells to an agonist of luteinising hormone-releasing hormone. Eur J Cancer 27: 1458-1461, 1991.
    • (1991) Eur J Cancer , vol.27 , pp. 1458-1461
    • Scott, W.N.1    Mullen, P.2    Miller, W.R.3
  • 126
    • 0027432715 scopus 로고
    • Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone antagonists interfere with autocrine and paracrine growth stimulation of MCF-7 mammary cancer cells by insulin-like growth factors
    • Hershkovitz E, Marbach M, Bosin E, et al: Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone antagonists interfere with autocrine and paracrine growth stimulation of MCF-7 mammary cancer cells by insulin-like growth factors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 77: 963-968, 1993.
    • (1993) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.77 , pp. 963-968
    • Hershkovitz, E.1    Marbach, M.2    Bosin, E.3
  • 127
    • 0026772390 scopus 로고
    • Growth inhibition of estrogen independent MXT mouse mammary carcinomas in mice treated with an agonist or antagonist of LH-RH, an analog of somatostatin, or a combination
    • Szepeshazi K, Milovanovic S, Lapis K, Groot K and Schally AV: Growth inhibition of estrogen independent MXT mouse mammary carcinomas in mice treated with an agonist or antagonist of LH-RH, an analog of somatostatin, or a combination. Breast Cancer Res Treat 21: 181-192, 1992.
    • (1992) Breast Cancer Res Treat , vol.21 , pp. 181-192
    • Szepeshazi, K.1    Milovanovic, S.2    Lapis, K.3    Groot, K.4    Schally, A.V.5
  • 128
    • 27644458748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analogs of GnRH-I and GnRH-II inhibit epidermal growth factor-induced signal transduction and resensitize resistant human breast cancer cells to 4OH-tamoxifen
    • Gunthert AR, Gründker C, Olota A, Lasche J, Eicke N and Emons G: Analogs of GnRH-I and GnRH-II inhibit epidermal growth factor-induced signal transduction and resensitize resistant human breast cancer cells to 4OH-tamoxifen. Eur J Endocrinol 153: 613-625, 2005.
    • (2005) Eur J Endocrinol , vol.153 , pp. 613-625
    • Gunthert, A.R.1    Gründker, C.2    Olota, A.3    Lasche, J.4    Eicke, N.5    Emons, G.6
  • 129
    • 0033842808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist triptorelin and antagonist cetrorelix inhibit EGF-induced c-fos expression in human gynecological cancers
    • Gründker C, Völker P, Schulz KD and Emons G: Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist triptorelin and antagonist cetrorelix inhibit EGF-induced c-fos expression in human gynecological cancers. Gynecol Oncol 78: 194-202, 2000.
    • (2000) Gynecol Oncol , vol.78 , pp. 194-202
    • Gründker, C.1    Völker, P.2    Schulz, K.D.3    Emons, G.4
  • 131
    • 33947411768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroendocrine plasticity in the anterior pituitary: GnRH mediated movement in vitro and in vivo
    • Navratil AM, Knoll JG, Whitesell JD, Tobet SA and Clay CM: Neuroendocrine plasticity in the anterior pituitary: GnRH mediated movement in vitro and in vivo. Endocrinology 148: 1736-1744, 2007.
    • (2007) Endocrinology , vol.148 , pp. 1736-1744
    • Navratil, A.M.1    Knoll, J.G.2    Whitesell, J.D.3    Tobet, S.A.4    Clay, C.M.5
  • 132
    • 0036928768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) I and GnRH II on the urokinase-type plasminogen activator/plasminogen activator inhibitor system in human extravillous cytotrophoblasts in vitro
    • Chou CS, Zhu H, Shalev E, MacCalman CD and Leung PC: The effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) I and GnRH II on the urokinase-type plasminogen activator/plasminogen activator inhibitor system in human extravillous cytotrophoblasts in vitro. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87: 5594-5603, 2002.
    • (2002) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.87 , pp. 5594-5603
    • Chou, C.S.1    Zhu, H.2    Shalev, E.3    MacCalman, C.D.4    Leung, P.C.5
  • 134
    • 0242288694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulatory effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) I and GnRH II on the levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 in primary cultures of human extravillous cytotrophoblasts
    • Chou CS, Zhu H, MacCalman CD and Leung PC: Regulatory effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) I and GnRH II on the levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 in primary cultures of human extravillous cytotrophoblasts. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88: 4781-7490, 2003.
    • (2003) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.88 , pp. 4781-7490
    • Chou, C.S.1    Zhu, H.2    MacCalman, C.D.3    Leung, P.C.4
  • 135
    • 0344443646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 mediate epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation by gonadotropin-releasing hormone
    • Roelle S, Grosse R, Aigner A, Krell HW, Czubayko F and Gudermann T: Matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 mediate epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation by gonadotropin-releasing hormone. J Biol Chem 278: 47307-47318, 2003.
    • (2003) J Biol Chem , vol.278 , pp. 47307-47318
    • Roelle, S.1    Grosse, R.2    Aigner, A.3    Krell, H.W.4    Czubayko, F.5    Gudermann, T.6
  • 136
    • 0037379779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical, cellular, and molecular aspects of cancer invasion
    • Mareel M and Leroy A: Clinical, cellular, and molecular aspects of cancer invasion. Physiol Rev 83: 337-376, 2003.
    • (2003) Physiol Rev , vol.83 , pp. 337-376
    • Mareel, M.1    Leroy, A.2
  • 137
    • 52649143876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eukaryotic chemotaxis at a glance
    • Bagorda A and Parent CA: Eukaryotic chemotaxis at a glance. J Cell Sci 121: 2621-2624, 2008.
    • (2008) J Cell Sci , vol.121 , pp. 2621-2624
    • Bagorda, A.1    Parent, C.A.2
  • 138
    • 0942268723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rho GTPases have diverse effects on the organization of the actin filament system
    • Aspenström P, Fransson A and Saras J: Rho GTPases have diverse effects on the organization of the actin filament system. Biochem J 377: 327-337, 2004.
    • (2004) Biochem J , vol.377 , pp. 327-337
    • Aspenström, P.1    Fransson, A.2    Saras, J.3
  • 139
    • 0026778133 scopus 로고
    • The small GTP-binding protein rho regulates the assembly of focal adhesions and actin stress fibers in response to growth factors
    • Ridley A and Hall A: The small GTP-binding protein rho regulates the assembly of focal adhesions and actin stress fibers in response to growth factors. Cell 70: 389-399, 1992.
    • (1992) Cell , vol.70 , pp. 389-399
    • Ridley, A.1    Hall, A.2
  • 140
    • 0026654125 scopus 로고
    • The small GTP-binding protein rac regulates growth factor-induced membrane ruffling
    • Ridley A, Paterson HF, Johnston CL, Diekmann D and Hall A: The small GTP-binding protein rac regulates growth factor-induced membrane ruffling. Cell 70: 401-410, 1992.
    • (1992) Cell , vol.70 , pp. 401-410
    • Ridley, A.1    Paterson, H.F.2    Johnston, C.L.3    Diekmann, D.4    Hall, A.5
  • 141
    • 0028986034 scopus 로고
    • The Ras-related protein Cdc42Hs and bradykinin promote formation of peripheral actin microspikes and filopodia in Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts
    • Kozma R, Ahmed S, Best A and Lim L: The Ras-related protein Cdc42Hs and bradykinin promote formation of peripheral actin microspikes and filopodia in Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts. Mol Cell Biol 15: 1942-1952, 1995.
    • (1995) Mol Cell Biol , vol.15 , pp. 1942-1952
    • Kozma, R.1    Ahmed, S.2    Best, A.3    Lim, L.4
  • 142
    • 0031452275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GEFs, GAPs, GDIs and effectors: Taking a closer (3D) look at the regulation of Ras-related GTP-binding proteins
    • Geyer M and Wittinghofer A: GEFs, GAPs, GDIs and effectors: taking a closer (3D) look at the regulation of Ras-related GTP-binding proteins. Curr Opinion Struct Biol 7: 786-792, 1997.
    • (1997) Curr Opinion Struct Biol , vol.7 , pp. 786-792
    • Geyer, M.1    Wittinghofer, A.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.