State of the art in ray tracing animated scenes

Computer Graphics Forum

Volumn 28, Issue 6, 2009, Pages 1691-1722

  Wald, Ingo ^a,b   Mark, William R ^a,c   Günther, Johannes ^d,f   Boulos, Solomon ^e,g   Ize, Thiago ^a,b   Hunt, Warren ^c   Parker, Steven G ^b   Shirley, Peter ^e  

^a INTEL CORPORATION   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF UTAH   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN   (United States)

^d MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR INFORMATICS   (Germany)

^e Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering   (United States)

^f Real Time Technologies   (Norway)

^g STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Animated scenes; Ray tracing; Traversal and construction of spatial and hierarchical data structures

Indexed keywords

DATA STRUCTURES;

ANIMATED SCENES; DYNAMIC SCENES; FAST RAY TRACING; HIERARCHICAL DATA STRUCTURE; REAL TIME CAPABILITY; SCENE COMPLEXITY; SPATIAL DATA STRUCTURE; STATE OF THE ART;

RAY TRACING;

EID: 70349212062     PISSN: 01677055     EISSN: 14678659     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8659.2008.01313.x     Document Type: Article

References (112)

1. Abert O., Geimer M., Müller S. : Direct and fast ray tracing of NURBS surfaces. In Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Symposium on Interactive Ray Tracing (2006 pp. 161 168.
2. Aykanat C., Isler V., Özgüc B. : Efficient parallel spatial subdivision algorithm for object-based parallel ray tracing. Computer-Aided Design 26, 12 (1994 883 890.
3. Akenine-Müller T. : Fast 3D triangle-box overlap testing. Journal of Graphics Tools 6, 1 (2001 29 33.
4. Boulos S., Edwards D., Lacewell J. D., Kniss J., Kautz J., Shirley P., Wald I. : Packet-based whitted and distribution ray tracing. In Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2007 (2007 pp. 177 184.
5. Benthin C. : Realtime Ray Tracing on current CPU Architectures. PhD thesis, Saarland University, 2006.
6. Bartz D., Grosso R., Ertl T., Strasser W. : Parallel construction and isosurface extraction of recursive tree structures. In Proceedings of WSCG'98 (1998 vol. 3.
7. Benthin C., Wald I., Slusallek P. : Interactive ray tracing of free-form surfaces. In Proceedings of Afrigraph (November 2004 pp. 99 106.
8. Boulos S., Wald I., Shirley P. : Geometric and Arithmetic Culling Methods for Entire Ray Packets. Tech. Rep. UUCS-06-010, SCI Institute, University of Utah, 2006.
9. Benthin C., Wald I., Scherbaum M., Friedrich H. : Ray tracing on the CELL processor. In Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Symposium on Interactive Ray Tracing (2006 pp. 15 23.
10. Christensen P. H., Fong J., Laur D. M., Batali D. : Ray tracing for the movie 'cars'. In Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Symposium on Interactive Ray Tracing (2006 pp. 1 6.
11. Carr N., Hoberock J., Crane K., Hart : Fast GPU ray tracing of dynamic meshes using geometry images. In Proceedings of Graphics Interface (2006 pp. 203 209.
12. Christensen P. H., Laur D. M., Fong J., Wooten W. L., Batali D. : Ray differentials and mul-tiresolution geometry caching for distribution ray tracing in complex scenes. In Computer Graphics Forum (Eurographics 2003 Conference Proceedings) (September 2003 Blackwell Publishers, pp. 543 552.
13. Cook R., Porter T., Carpenter L. : Distributed ray tracing. Computer Graphics (Proceeding of SIGGRAPH 84) 18, 3 (1984 137 144.
14. Du Q., Faber V., Gunzburger M. : Cen-troidal voronoi tessellations: Applications and algorithms. SIAM Review 41, 4 (1999 637 676.
15. Dmitriev K., Havran V., Seidel H.-P. : Faster ray tracing with SIMD shaft culling. Research Report MPI-I-2004-4-006, Max-Planck-Institut fürü Infor-matik, Saarbrücken, Germany, 2004.
16. Djeu P., Hunt W., Wang R., Elhassan I., Stoll G., Mark W. R. : Razor: An architecture for dynamic multiresolution ray tracing. ACM Transactions on Graphics (2007).
17. Eberly D. H. : 3D Game Engine Architecture: Engineering Real-Time Applications with Wild Magic. Morgan Kaufmann, 2005.
18. Eisemann M., Grosch T., Magnor M., Mueller S. : Automatic Creation of Object Hierarchies for Ray Tracing of Dynamic Scenes. Tech. Rep. 2006-6-1, TU Braunschweig, 2006.
19. Friedrich H., Günther J., Dietrich A., Scherbaum M., Seidel H.-P., Slusallek P. : Exploring the use of ray tracing for future games. In Sandbox '06: Proceedings of the 2006 ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Videogames (2006 New York, NY, USA, ACM Press, pp. 41 50.
20. Günther J., Friedrich H., Seidel H.-P., Slusallek P. : Interactive ray tracing of skinned animations. The Visual Computer (Proceedings of Pacific Graphics) 22, 9 (2006 785 792.
21. Günther J., Friedrich H., Wald I., Sei-del H.-P., Slusallek P. : Ray tracing animated scenes using motion decomposition. Computer Graphics Forum (Proceedings of Eurographics) 25, 3 (2006 517 525. (Pubitemid 44891386)
22. Gaede V., Günther O. : Multidimensional access methods. ACM Computing Surveys 30, 2 (1998 170 231.
23. Gribble C. P., Ize T., Kensler A., Wald I., Parker S. G. : A coherent grid traversal approach to visualizing particle-based simulation data. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 13, 4 (2007 758 768.
24. Gottschalk S., Lin M., Manocha D. : OBB-Tree: A hierarchical structure for rapid interference detection. In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 96 (August 1996 Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, pp. 171 180.
25. Günther J., Popov S., Seidel H.-P., Slusallek P. : Realtime ray tracing on GPU with BVH-based packet traversal. In Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE / EG Symposium on Interactive Ray Tracing (September 2007 pp. 113 118.
26. Goldsmith J., Salmon J. : Automatic creation of object hierarchies for ray Tracing. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 7, 5 (1987 14 20.
27. Haines E. : Efficiency improvements for hierarchy traversal in ray tracing. In Graphics Gems II, Arvo J. Ed.). Academic Press, 1991, pp. 267 272.
28. Havran V. : Cache sensitive representation for the BSP tree. In Compugraphics'97 (December 1997 GRASP - Graphics Science Promotions & Publications, pp. 369 376.
29. Havran V. : Heuristic Ray Shooting Algorithms. PhD thesis, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, 2001.
30. Havran V. : Mailboxing, yea or nay? Ray Tracing News 15, 1 (2002). http://tog.acm.org/resources/RTNews/html/rtnv15n1.html.
31. Havran V. : About the relation between spatial subdivision and object hierarchies used in ray tracing. In Proceedings of the Spring Conference on Computer Graphics (SCCG) (2007).
32. Havran V., Bittner J. : LCTS: Ray shooting using longest common traversal sequences. Computer Graphics Forum (Proceedings of EUROGRAPHICS) 19, 3 (2000 59 70.
33. Hadap S., Eberle D., Volino P., Lin M. C., Redon S., Ericson C. : Collision detection and proximity queries. In SIGGRAPH '04: ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Course Notes (2004 ACM Press, p. 15.
34. Heckbert P. S., Hanrahan P. : Beam tracing polygonal objects. In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH (1984 pp. 119 127.
35. Havran V., Herzog R., Seidel H.-P. : On fast construction of spatial hierarchies for ray tracing. In Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Symposium on Interactive Ray Tracing (2006 pp. 71 80.
36. Hunt W., Mark W. R., Fussell D. S. : Fast and lazy build of acceleration structures from scene hierarchies. In Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE / Eurographics Symposium on Interactive Ray Tracing (2007 pp. 47 54.
37. Havran V., Prikryl J., Purgathofer W. : Statistical Comparison of Ray-Shooting Efficiency Schemes. Tech. Rep. TR-186-2-00-14, Institute of Computer Graphics, Vienna University of Technology, 2000.
38. Hunt W., Stoll G., Mark W. : Fast kd-tree construction with an adaptive error-bounded heuristic. In Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Symposium on Interactive Ray Tracing (2006 pp. 81 88.
39. Igehy H. : Tracing ray differentials. In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 99 (August 1999 Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, pp. 179 186.
40. Ize T., Wald I., Parker S. G. : Asynchronous BVH construction for ray tracing dynamic scenes on parallel multi-core architectures. In Proceedings of the 2007 Eurographics Symposium on Parallel Graphics and Visualization (2007).
41. Ize T., Wald I., Robertson C., Parker S. G. : An evaluation of parallel grid construction for ray tracing dynamic scenes. In Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Symposium on Interactive Ray Tracing (2006 pp. 47 55.
42. James D. L., Pai D. K. : BD-tree: Output-sensitive collision detection for reduced deformable models. ACM Transactions on Graphics (SIGGRAPH 2004) 23, 3 (2004 pp. 393 398.
43. Kirk D., Arvo J. : Improved ray tagging for voxel-based ray tracing. In Graphics Gems II, Arvo J. Ed.). Academic Press, 1991, pp. 264 266.
44. Keates M. J., Hubbold R. J. : Interactive ray tracing on a virtual shared-memory parallel computer. Computer Graphics Forum 14, 4 (1995 189 202.
45. Kay T., Kajiya J. : Ray tracing complex scenes. In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH (1986 pp. 269 278.
46. Kammaje R. P., Mora B. : A study of restricted BSP trees for ray tracing. In Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE / Eurographics Symposium on Interactive Ray Tracing (2007 pp. 55 62.
47. Knuth D. E. : The Art of Computer Programming, Volume 3: Sorting and Searching (2nd edition). Addison-Wesley, 1998.
48. Lext J., Akenine-Möller T. : Towards rapid reconstruction for animated ray tracing. In Eurograph-ics Short Presentations (2001 pp. 311 318.
49. Larsson T., Akenine-Möller T. : A dynamic bounding volume hierarchy for generalized collision detection. In Workshop On Virtual Reality Interaction and Physical Simulation (2005 pp. 91 100.
50. Luque R. G., Comba J. L. D., Freitas C. M. D. S. : Broad-phase collision detection using semi-adjusting bsp-trees. In I3D '05: Proceedings of the 2005 Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games (2005 ACM Press, pp. 179 186.
51. Lloyd S. P. : Least squares quantization in PCM. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 28, 2 (1982 129 137.
52. Lin M. C., Manocha D. : Collision and proximity queries. In Handbook of Discrete and Computational Geometry (2nd Edition). CRC Press, 2004, pp. 787 807.
53. Lauterbach C., Yoon S.-E., Manocha D. : Ray-Strips: A compact mesh representation for interactive ray tracing. In Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE / Eurographics Symposium on Interactive Ray Tracing (2007 pp. 19 26.
54. Lauterbach C., Yoon S.-E., Tuft D., Manocha D. : RT-deform: Interactive ray tracing of dynamic scenes using BVHs. In Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Symposium on Interactive Ray Tracing (2006 pp. 39 45.
55. Mahovsky J. : Ray Tracing with Reduced-Precision Bounding Volume Hierarchies. PhD thesis, University of Calgary, 2005.
56. MacDonald J. D., Booth K. S. : Heuristics for ray tracing using space subdivision. In Proceedings of Graphics Interface (1989 pp. 152 163.
57. MacDonald J. D., Booth K. S. : Heuristics for ray tracing using space subdivision. Visual Computer 6, 6 (1990 153 165.
58. Molnar S., Cox M., Ellsworth D., Fuchs H. : A sorting classification of parallel rendering. IEEE Computer Graphics Application 14, 4 (1994 23 32.
59. Müller G., Fellner D. : Hybrid scene structuring with application to ray tracing. In Proceedings of International Conference on Visual Computing (1999 pp. 19 26.
60. Mark W., Fussell D. : Real-Time Rendering Systems in 2010. Tech. Rep. 05-18, Computer Science, University of Texas, May 2005.
61. Masso J. P. M., Lopez P. G. : Automatic hybrid hierarchy creation: A cost-model based approach. Computer Graphics Forum 22, 11 (2003 513.
62. Muuss M. : Towards real-time ray-tracing of combinatorial solid geometric models. In Proceedings of BRL-CAD Symposium (1995).
63. Mahovsky J., Wyvill B. : Fast ray-axis aligned bounding box overlap tests with Plücker coordinates. Journal of Graphics Tools 9, 1 (2004 35 46.
64. Mahovsky J., Wyvill B. : Memory-conserving bounding volume hierarchies with coherent raytracing. Computer Graphics Forum 25, 2 (2006 pp. 173 182.
65. Overbeck R., Ramamoorthi R., Mark W. R. : A real-time beam tracer with application to exact soft shadows. In Proceedings of the Eurographics Symposium on Rendering (2007).
66. Ooi B. C., Sacks-Davis R., McDonnell K. J. : Spatial k-d-tree: An indexing mechanism for spatial databases. In IEEE International Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC) (1987).
67. Popov S., Günther J., Seidel H.-P., Slusallek P. : Experiences with streaming construction of SAH KD-Trees. In Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Symposium on Interactive Ray Tracing (2006).
68. Pharr M., Humphreys G. : Physically Based Rendering: From Theory to Implementation. Morgan Kaufman, 2004.
69. Parker S. G., Martin W., Sloan P.-P. J., Shirley P., Smits B. E., Hansen C. D. : Interactive ray tracing. In Proceedings of Interactive 3D Graphics (1999 pp. 119 126.
70. Parker S., Parker M., Livnat Y., Sloan P.-P., Hansen C., Shirley P. : Interactive ray tracing for volume visualization. IEEE Transactions on Computer Graphics and Visualization 5, 3 (1999 238 250.
71. Parker S., Shirley P., Livnat Y., Hansen C., Sloan P.-P. : Interactive ray tracing for isosurface rendering. In IEEE Visualization '98 (October 1998 pp. 233 238.
72. Reshetov A. : Omnidirectional ray tracing traversal algorithm for kd-trees. In Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Symposium on Interactive Ray Tracing (2006 pp. 57 60.
73. Reshetov A. : Faster ray packets-triangle intersection through vertex culling. In Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE / Eurographics Symposium on Interactive Ray Tracing (2007 pp. 105 112.
74. Reinhard E., Smits B., Hansen C. : Dynamic acceleration structures for interactive ray tracing. In Proceedings of the Eurographics Workshop on Rendering (June 2000 Brno, Czech Republic, pp. 299 306.
75. Reshetov A., Soupikov A., Hurley J. : Multi-level ray tracing algorithm. ACM Transaction on Graphics (Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH 2005) 24, 3 (2005 1176 1185.
76. Rubin S., Whitted T. : A 3D representation for fast rendering of complex scenes. In Proceedings of SIG-GRAPH (1980 pp. 110 116.
77. Samet H. : Applications of Spatial Data Structures: Computer Graphics, Image Processing and GIS. Addison-Wesley, 1989.
78. Samet H. : The Design and Analysis of Spatial Data Structures. Addison-Wesley, 1989.
79. Samet H. : Foundations of Multidimensional and Metric Data Structures. Morgan Kaufmann, 2006.
80. Santalo L. : Integral Geometry and Geometric Probability. Cambridge University Press, 2002.
81. Schmittler J., Dahmen T., Pohl D., Vo-Gelgesang C., Slusallek P. : Ray tracing for current and future games. In Proceedings of 34. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft fü Informatik (2004).
82. Sedgewick R. : Algorithms in C++, Parts 1-4: Fundamentals, Data Structure, Sorting, Searching (3rd edition). Addi-son Wesley, 1998.
83. Subramanian K. R., Fussell D. S. : Factors Affecting Performace of Ray Tracing Hierarchies, University of Texas at Austin Computer Sciences, Technical Report Number TR 90-21, 1990.
84. Sekharan C., Goel V., Sridhar R. : Load balancing methods for ray tracing and binary tree computing using PVM. Parallel Computing 21, 12 (1995 1963 1978.
85. Smits B. : Efficiency issues for ray tracing. Journal of Graphics Tools 3, 2 (1998 1 14.
86. Shevtsov M., Soupikov A., Kapustin A. : Fast and scalable kd-tree construction for interactively ray tracing dynamic scenes. Computer Graphics Forum (Proceedings of Eurographics) 26, 3 (2007).
87. Stoll G. : Part II: Achieving real time/optimization techniques. Slides from the Siggraph 2005 Course on Interactive Ray Tracing, 2005. Slides available online at http://www.openrt.de/Siggraph05/-UpdatedCourseNotes/course.php.
88. Subramanian K. R. : A Search Structure based on K-d Trees for Efficient Ray Tracing. PhD thesis, The University of Texas at Austin, December 1990.
89. Suykens F., Willems Y. : Path differentials and applications. In Rendering Techniques 2001: 12th Euro-graphics Workshop on Rendering (June 2001 pp. 257 268.
90. Schmittler J., Wald I., Slusallek P. : SaarCOR - A hardware architecture for ray tracing. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH / Eurographics Conference on Graphics Hardware (2002 pp. 27 36.
91. Teschner M., Kimmerle S., Heidel-Berger B., Zachmann G., Raghupathi L., Fuhrmann A., Cani M., Faure F., Magnenat-Thalmann N., Strasser W., Volino P. : Collision detection for deformable objects. Computer Graphics Forum 24, 1 (2005 61 82.
92. Tabellion E., Lamorlette A. : An approximate global illumination system for computer generated films. In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH (2004 pp. 469 476.
93. van den Bergen G. : Efficient collision detection of complex deformable models using AABB trees. Journal of Graphics Tools 2, 4 (1997 1 14.
94. van der Zwaan M., Reinhard E., Jansen F. : Pyramid clipping for efficient ray traversal. In Rendering Techniques '95, Proceedings of the Eurographics Workshop on Rendering (1995 pp. 1 10.
95. Wald I. : Realtime Ray Tracing and Interactive Global Illumination. PhD thesis, Saarland University, 2004.
96. Wald I. : On fast construction of SAH based bounding volume hierarchies. In Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE / Eurographics Symposium on Interactive Ray Tracing (2007 pp. 33 40.
97. Williams A., Barrus S., Morley R. K., Shirley P. : An efficient and robust ray-box intersection algorithm. Journal of Graphics Tools 10, 1 (2005 49 54.
98. Wald I., Benthin C., Slusallek P. : OpenRT - A Flexible and Scalable Rendering Engine for Interactive 3D Graphics. Tech. rep., Saarland University, 2002. Available at http://graphics.cs.uni-sb.de/Publications.
99. Wald I., Benthin C., Slusallek P. : Distributed interactive ray tracing of dynamic scenes. In Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Parallel and Large-Data Visualization and Graphics (2003 pp. 11 20.
100. Wald I., Boulos S., Shirley P. : Ray tracing deformable scenes using dynamic bounding volume hierarchies. ACM Transactions on Graphics 26, 1 (2007 1 18.
101. Wald I., Friedrich H., Knoll A., Hansen C. D. : Interactive isosurface ray tracing of time-varying tetrahedral volumes. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (Proc. IEEE Visualization/InfoVis 2007) 15, 6 (2007).
102. Wald I., Havran V. : On building fast kd-trees for ray tracing, and on doing that in O(N log N). In Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Symposium on Interactive Ray Tracing (2006 pp. 61 70.
103. Whitted T. : An improved illumination model for shaded display. Communications of the ACM 23, 6 (1980 343 349.
104. Wald I., Ize T., Kensler A., Knoll A., Parker S. G. : Ray tracing animated scenes using coherent grid traversal. ACM Transactions on Graphics (Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH) 25, 3 (2006 485 493. (Pubitemid 44481006)
105. Wächter C., Keller A. : Instant ray tracing: The bounding interval hierarchy. In Rendering Techniques 2006 - Proceedings of the 17th Eurographics Symposium on Rendering (2006 pp. 139 149.
106. Woop S., Marmitt G., Slusallek P. : B-KD trees for hardware accelerated ray tracing of dynamic scenes. In Proceedings of Graphics Hardware (2006 pp. 67 77.
107. Wald I., Slusallek P., Benthin C., Wagner M. : Interactive rendering with coherent ray tracing. Computer Graphics Forum (Proceedings of Eurographics) 20, 3 (2001 153 164.
108. Woop S., Schmittler J., Slusallek P. : RPU: A programmable ray processing unit for realtime ray tracing. ACM Transactions on Graphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH) 24, 3 (2005 434 444.
109. Yoon S.-E., Curtis S., Manocha D. : Ray tracing dynamic scenes using selective restructuring. In Eurographics Symposium on Rendering (2007).
110. Yoon S., Manocha D. : Cache-efficient layouts of bounding volume hierarchies. Computer Graphics Forum (Eurographics) (2006 pp. 507 516.
111. Zuniga M. R., Uhlmann J. K. : Ray queries with wide object isolation and the de-tree. Journal of Graphics Tools 11, 3 (2006 27 45.
112. Zuniga M. R.: Method and apparatus for ray and range queries using wide object isolation techniques. US Patent Application No 10/904,211. Submitted Oct 2004; Published May 2006.