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Volumn 319, Issue 5866, 2008, Pages 1066-1069

The force needed to move an atom on a surface

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

METAL;

EID: 39749147651     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: 10959203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.1150288     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (397)

References (30)
  • 15
    • 39749144795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 0 (fig. S3A). This approach provides a convenient reference for z, which corresponds roughly to the point contact between the tip and the bare surface. This assignment does not necessarily provide direct comparison of the tip heights between the two surfaces explored in this work. The measured conductance is an average over the tip oscillation. For the amplitude A = 30 pm used here, the conductance differs by only ∼11% from the value of a nonoscillating tip at the same mean height.
    • 0 (fig. S3A). This approach provides a convenient reference for z, which corresponds roughly to the point contact between the tip and the bare surface. This assignment does not necessarily provide direct comparison of the tip heights between the two surfaces explored in this work. The measured conductance is an average over the tip oscillation. For the amplitude A = 30 pm used here, the conductance differs by only ∼11% from the value of a nonoscillating tip at the same mean height.
  • 18
    • 0003442771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • S. Morita, R. Wiesendanger, E. Meyer, Eds, Springer, Berlin
    • S. Morita, R. Wiesendanger, E. Meyer, Eds. Noncontact Atomic Force Microscopy (Springer, Berlin, 2002).
    • (2002) Noncontact Atomic Force Microscopy
  • 19
    • 39749158187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 ≈ 5 eV. The cantilever has a mechanical quality factor of Q ≈ 35,000, so that the intrinsic energy loss per oscillation cycle [= 2πE/Q, see (18)] is less than 1 meV. Therefore, we estimate that the dissipative interaction between tip and sample is less than 1% of the typical conservative interaction, so it can be safely neglected; see fig. S5 for more information.
    • 2 ≈ 5 eV. The cantilever has a mechanical quality factor of Q ≈ 35,000, so that the intrinsic energy loss per oscillation cycle [= 2πE/Q, see (18)] is less than 1 meV. Therefore, we estimate that the dissipative interaction between tip and sample is less than 1% of the typical conservative interaction, so it can be safely neglected; see fig. S5 for more information.
  • 21
    • 39749192242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ±10% uncertainty of the cantilever stiffness produces a systematic error. In addition, the uncertainties given in the text include the error due to the finite tip-height increments (±10%) and the effect that different tips (22) produce slightly different results (±5%).
    • The ±10% uncertainty of the cantilever stiffness produces a systematic error. In addition, the uncertainties given in the text include the error due to the finite tip-height increments (±10%) and the effect that different tips (22) produce slightly different results (±5%).
  • 22
    • 39749165997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Throughout this work, we refer to a changed atomic arrangement at the tip apex (e.g, by touching the tip to the surface) as a different tip
    • Throughout this work, we refer to a changed atomic arrangement at the tip apex (e.g., by touching the tip to the surface) as a different tip.
  • 26
    • 39749103843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • z images for heights above the manipulation threshold were laterally shifted to the location of the binding site nearest the tip. Because dissipation occurred when the atom hopped, comparison of energies between different binding sites might not be valid, but energies within the basin around any one binding site are correct. For more details, see fig. S5.
    • z images for heights above the manipulation threshold were laterally shifted to the location of the binding site nearest the tip. Because dissipation occurred when the atom hopped, comparison of energies between different binding sites might not be valid, but energies within the basin around any one binding site are correct. For more details, see fig. S5.
  • 29
    • 39749134497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • P. Buluschek, thesis, École Polytechnique Fédéral de Lausanne, Switzerland (2007).
    • P. Buluschek, thesis, École Polytechnique Fédéral de Lausanne, Switzerland (2007).
  • 30
    • 39749104993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • We thank B. J. Melior, G. Zeltzer, and M. Breitschaft for expert technical assistance and A. F. Otte, D. M. Eigler, A. Schwarz, J. Mannhart, and W. Chaisangmongkon for stimulating discussions. We acknowledge financial support from the Swiss National Science Foundation (to M.T, the Office of Naval Research (to M.T, C.P.L, and A.J.H, and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research to F.J.G
    • We thank B. J. Melior, G. Zeltzer, and M. Breitschaft for expert technical assistance and A. F. Otte, D. M. Eigler, A. Schwarz, J. Mannhart, and W. Chaisangmongkon for stimulating discussions. We acknowledge financial support from the Swiss National Science Foundation (to M.T.), the Office of Naval Research (to M.T., C.P.L., and A.J.H.), and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (to F.J.G.).


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.