Prostaglandin Mediators

Handbook of Cell Signaling: Volume 1-3

Volumn 1-3, Issue , 2003, Pages 265-273

  Smyth, Emer M ^a   FitzGerald, Garret A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 67650533739     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-012124546-7/50528-3     Document Type: Chapter

References (134)

1. C.C. Leslie (1997) Properties and regulation of cytosolic phospholipase A2. J. Biol. Chem. 272 16709-16712.
2. C. Patrono and G.A. FitzGerald (1997) Isoprostanes: potential markers of oxidant stress in atherothrombotic disease. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 17 2309-2315.
3. H.R. Herschman (1996) Prostaglandin synthase 2. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1299 125-140.
4. R.M. Garavito, D. Picot and P.J. Loll (1995) The 3.1 A X-ray crystal structure of the integral membrane enzyme prostaglandin H2 synthase-1. Adv Prostaglandin Thromboxane Leukot. Res. 23 99-103.
5. S.M. Wijeyaratne, C.R. Abbott, S. Homer-Vanniasinkam, A.I. Mavor and M.J. Gough (2001) Differences in the detection of cyclo-oxygenase 1 and 2 proteins in symtomatic and asymptomatic carotid plaques. Br. J. Surg. 88 951-957.
6. M.A. Iniguez, J.L. Pablos, P.E. Carreira, F. Cabre and J.J. Gomez-Reino (1998) Detection of COX-1 and COX-2 isoforms in synovial fluid cells from inflammatory joint diseases. Br. J. Rheumatol. 37 773-778.
7. W.L. Smith, R.M. Garavito and D.L. DeWitt (1996) Prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthases (cyclooxygenases)-1 and −2. J. Biol. Chem. 271 33157-33160.
8. G.A. FitzGerald and P. Loll (2001) COX in a crystal ball: current status and future promise of prostaglandin research. J. Clin. Invest. 107 1335-1337.
9. A.G. Spencer, J.W. Woods, T. Arakawa, II Singer and W.L. Smith (1998) Subcellular localization of prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthases-1 and -2by immunoelectron microscopy. J. Biol. Chem. 273 9886-9893.
10. N. Ueno, M. Murakami, T. Tanioka, K. Fujimori, T. Tanabe, Y. Urade and I. Kudo (2001) Coupling between cyclooxygenase, terminal prostanoid synthase, and phospholipase, A2. J. Biol. Chem. 276 34918-34927.
11. T. Tanioka, Y. Nakatani, N. Semmyo, M. Murakami and I. Kudo (2000) Molecular identification, of cytosolic prostaglandin E2 synthase that is functionally coupled with cyclooxygenase-1 in immediate prostaglandin E2 biosynthesis. J. Biol. Chem. 275 32775-32782.
12. M. Murakami, H. Naraba, T. Tanioka, N. Semmyo, Y. Nakatani, F. Kojima, T. Ikeda, M. Fueki, A. Ueno, S. Oh and I. Kudo (2000) Regulation of prostaglandin E2 biosynthesis by inducible membraneassociated prostaglandin E2 synthase that acts in concent with cyclooxygenase-2. J. Biol. Chem. 275 32783-32792.
13. A. Nagata, Y. Suzuki, M. Igarashi, N. Eguchi, H. Toh, Y. Urade and O. Hayaishi (1991) Human brain prostaglandin D synthase has been evolutionarily differentiated from lipophilic-ligand carrier proteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88 4020-4024.
14. Y. Kanaoka, H. Ago, E. Inagaki, T. Nanayama, M. Miyano, R. Kikuno, Y. Fujii, N. Eguchi, H. Toh, Y. Urade and O. Hayaishi (1997) Cloning and crystal structure of hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase. Cell 90 1085-1095.
15. K. Watanabe, Y. Fujii, K. Nakayama, H. Ohkubo, S. Kuramitsu, H. Kagamiyama, S. Nakanishi and O. Hayaishi (1988) Structural similarity of bovine lung prostaglandin F synthase to lens epsiloncrystallin of the European common frog. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85 11-15.
16. T. Suzuki, Y. Fujii, M. Miyano, L.Y. Chen, T. Takahashi and K. Watanabe (1999) cDNA cloning, expression, and mutagenesis study of liver-type prostaglandin F synthase. J. Biol. Chem. 274 241-248.
17. H. Lim, B.C. Paria, S.K. Das, J.E. Dinchuk, R. Langenbach, J.M. Trazaskos and S.K. Dey (1997) Multiple female reproductive failures in cyclooxygenase 2-deficient mice. Cell 91 197-208.
18. R. Langenbach, S.G. Morham, H.F. Tiano, C.D. Loftin, B.I. Ghanayem, P.C. Chulada, J.F. Mahler, C.A. Lee, E.H. Goulding, K.D. Kluckman, et al. (1995) Prostaglandin synthase 1 gene disruption in mice reduces arachidonic acid-induced inflammation and indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration. Cell 83 483-492.
19. G.A. Gross, T. Imamura, C. Luedke, S.K. Vogt, L.M. Olson, D.M. Nelson, Y. Sadovsky and L.J. Muglia (1998) Opposing actions of prostaglandins and oxytocin determine the onset of murine labor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95 11875-11879.
20. C.D. Loftin, D.B. Trivedi, H.F. Tiano, J.A. Clark, C.A. Lee, J.A. Epstein, S.G. Morham, M.D. Breyer, M. Nguyen, B.M. Hawkins, J.L. Goulet, O. Smithies, B.H. Koller and R. Langenbach (2001) Failure of ductus arteriosus closure and remodeling in neonatal mice deficient in cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98 1059-1064.
21. K.G. Coggins, A. Latour, M.S. Nguyen, L. Audoly, T.M. Coffman and B.H. Koller (2002) Metabolism of PGE2 by prostaglandin dehydrogenase is essential for remodeling the ductus arterisus. Nat. Med. 8 91-92.
22. T. Grosser, S. Yusuff, E. Cheskis, M.A. Pack and G.A. FitzGerald (2002) Developmental expression of functional cyclooxygenases in zebrafish. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 14 14.
23. B. Rocca, L.M. Spain, E. Pure, R. Langenbach, C. Patrono and G.A. FitzGerald (1999) Distinct roles of prostaglandin H synthase 1 and 2 in T-cell development. J. Clin. Invest. 103 1469-1477.
24. S. Narumiya, Y. Sugimoto and F. Ushikubi (1999) Prostanoid receptors: structures properties, and functions. Physiol. Rev. 79 1193-1226.
25. Y. Boie, N. Sawyer, D.M. Slipetz, K.M. Metters and M. Abramovitz (1995) Molecular cloning and characterization of the human prostanoid DP receptor. J. Biol. Chem. 270 18910-18916.
26. K. Nagata, H. Hirai, K. Tanaka, K. Ogawa, T. Aso, K. Sugamura, M. Nakamura and S. Takano (1999) CRTH2, an orphan receptor of T-helper-2-cells, is expressed on basophils and eosinophils and responds to mast cell-derived factor(s). FEBS. Lett. 459 195-199.
27. H. Hirai, K. Tanaka, O. Yoshie, K. Ogawa, K. Kenmotsu, Y. Takamori, M. Ichimasa, K. Sugamura, M. Nakamura, S. Takano and K. Nagata (2001) Prostaglandin D2 selectively induces chemotaxis in T helper type 2 celles, eosinophils, and basophils via seven-transmembrane receptor CRTH2. J. Exp. Med. 193 255-261.
28. M.K. Raychowdhury, M. Yukawa, L.J. Collins, S.H. McGrail, K.C. Kent and J.A. Ware (1994) Alternative splicing produces a divergent cytoplasmic tail in the human endothelial thromboxane A2 receptor. J. Biol. Chem. 269 19256-19261.
29. K.L. Pierce, T.J. Bailey, P.B. Hoyer, D.W. Gil, D.F. Woodward and J.W. Regan (1997) Cloning of a carboxyl-terminal isoform of the prostanoid FP receptor. J. Biol. Chem. 272 883-887.
30. A. Schmid, K.H. Thierauch, W.D. Schleuning and H. Dinter (1995) Splice variants of the human EP3 receptor for prostaglandin E2. Eur. J. Biochem. 228 23-30.
31. R.M. Breyer, C.K. Bagdassarian, S.A. Myers and M.D. Breyer (2001) Prostanoid receptors: subtypes and signaling. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 41 661-690.
32. G.W. Dorn 2nd, D. Sens, A. Chaikhouni, D. Mais and P.V. Halushka (1987) Cultured human vascular smooth muscle cells with functional thromboxane A2 receptors: measurement of U46619-induced 45calcium efflux. Circ. Res. 60 952-956.
33. R. Pakala, J.T. Willerson and C.R. Benedict (1997) Effect of serotonin, thromboxane A2, and specific receptor antagonists on vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Circulation 96 2280-2286.
34. G.A. FitzGerald (1991) Mechanisms of platelet activation: thromboxane A2 as an amplifying signal for other agonists. Am. J. Cardiol. 68 11B-15B.
35. C. Patrono (1994) Aspirin as an antiplatelet drug. N. Engl. J. Med. 330 1287-1294.
36. A.J. Cayatte, Y. Du, J. Oliver-Krasinski, G. Lavielle, T.J. Verbeuren and R.A. Cohen (2000) The thromboxane receptor antagonist S18886 but not aspirin inhibits atherogenesis in apo E-deficient mice: evidence that eicosanoids other than thromboxane contribute to atherosclerosis. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 20 1724-1728.
37. S. Ali, M.G. Davis, M.W. Becker and G.W. Dorn 2nd (1993) Thromboxane A2 stimulates vascular smooth muscle hypertrophy by up-regulating the synthesis and release of endogenous basic fibroblast growth factor. J. Biol. Chem. 268 17397-17403.
38. G.W. Dorn 2nd and A. DeJesus (1991) Human platelet aggregation and shape change are coupled to separate thromboxane A2-prostaglandin H2 receptors. Am. J. Physiol. 260 H327-H334.
39. A. Habib, G.A. FitzGerald and J. Maclouf (1999) Phosphorylation of the thromboxane receptor alpha, the predominant isoform expressed in human platelets. J. Biol. Chem. 274 2645-2651.
40. T. Hirata, A. Kakizuka, F. Ushikubi, I. Fuse, M. Okuma and S. Narumiya (1994) Arg60 to Leu mutation of the human thromboxane A2 receptor in a dominantly inherited bleeding disorder. J. Clin. Invest. 94 1662-1667.
41. R. Vezza, A. Habib and G.A. FitzGerald (1999) Differential signaling by the thromboxane receptor isoforms via the novel GTP-binding protein, Gh. J. Biol. Chem. 274 12774-12779.
42. T. Hirata, F. Ushikubi, A. Kakizuka, M. Okuma and S. Narumiya (1996) Two thromboxane A2 receptor isoforms in human platelets. Opposite coupling to adenylyl cyclase with different sensitivity to Arg60 to Leu mutation. J. Clin. Invest. 97 949-956.
43. M. Yukawa, R. Yokota, R.T. Eberhardt, L. von Andrian and J.A. Ware (1997) Differential desensitization of thromboxane A2 receptor subtypes. Circ. Res. 80 551-556.
44. J.L. Parent, P. Labrecque, M.J. Orsini and J.L. Benovic (1999) Internalization of the TXA2 receptor alpha and beta isoforms. Role of the differentially spliced COOH terminus in agonist-promoted receptor internalization. J. Biol. Chem. 274 8941-8948.
45. J. Takasaki, M. Kamohara, T. Saito, M. Matsumoto, S. Matsumoto, T. Ohishi, T. Soga, H. Matsushine and K. Furuichi (2001) Molecular cloning of the platelet P2T(AC) ADP receptor: pharmacological comparison with another ADP receptor, the P2Y(1) receptor. Mol. Pharmacol. 60 432-439.
46. L.P. Audoly, B. Rocca, J.E. Fabre, B.H. Koller, D. Thomas, A.L. Loeb, T.M. Coffman and G.A. FitzGerald (2000) Cardiovascular responses to the isoprostanes iPF(2alpha)-II and iPE(2)-III are mediated via the thromboxane A(2) receptor in vivo. Circulation 101 2833-2840.
47. D. Pratico, E.M. Smyth, F. Violi and G.A. FitzGerald (1996) Local amplification of platelet function by 8-Epi prostaglandin F2alpha is not mediated by thromboxane receptor isoforms. J. Biol. Chem. 271 14916-14924.
48. L.A. Devi (2001) Heterodimerization of G-protein-coupled receptors: pharmacology, signaling and trafficking. Trends Pharmacol. Sc. 22 532-537.
49. P. Sullivan and E.M. Smyth (2002) Heterodimerization of the a and b isoforms of the human thromboxane receptor. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 22 878.
50. S.M. Miggin and B.T. Kinsella (1998) Expression and tissue distribution of the mRNAs encoding the human thromboxane A2 receptor (TP) alpha and beta isoforms. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1425 543-559.
51. T.F. Leung, N.L. Tang, C.W. Lam, A.M. Li, I.H. Chan and G. Ha (2002) Thromboxane A2 receptor gene polymorphism is associated with the serum concentration of cat-specific immunoglobulin E as well as the development and severity of asthma in Chinese children. Pediatr. Allergy Immunol. 13 10-17.
52. D.W. Thomas, R.B. Mannon, P.J. Mannon, A. Latour, J.A. Oliver, M. Hoffman, O. Smithies, B.H. Koller and T.M. Coffman (1998) Coagulation defects and altered hemodynamic responses in mice lacking receptors for thromboxane A2. J. Clin. Invest. 102 1994-2001.
53. Y. Cheng, S.C. Austin, B. Rocca, B.H. Koller, T.M. Coffman, T. Grosser, J.A. Lawson and G.A. FitzGerald (2002) Role of prostacyclin in the cardiovascular response to thromboxane A2. Science 296 539-541.
54. B. Rocca, A.L. Loeb, J.F. Strauss 3rd, R. Vezza, A. Habib, H. Li and G.A. FitzGerald (2000) Directed vascular expression of the thromboxane A2 receptor results in intrauterine growth retardation. Nat. Med. 6 219-221.
55. F. Catella-Lawson, B. McAdam, B.W. Morrison, S. Kapoor, D. Kujubu, L. Antes, K.C. Lasseter, H. Quan, B.J. Gertz and G.A. FitzGerald (1999) Effects of specific inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 on sodium balance, hemodynamics, and vasoactive eicosanoids. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 289 735-741.
56. S. Moncada and J.R. Vane (1981) Prostacyclin: homeostatic regulator or biological curiosity? Clin. Sci. (Colch) 61 369-372.
57. T.P. Zucker, D. Bonisch, A. Hasse, T. Grosser, A.A. Weber and K. Schror (1998) Tolerance development to antimitogenic actions of prostacyclin but not of prostaglandin E1 in coronary artery smooth muscle cells. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 345 213-220.
58. D.J. Fitzgerald, L. Roy, F. Catella and G.A. FitzGerald (1986) Platelet activation in unstable coronary disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 315 983-989.
59. D.J. Fitzgerald, J. Doran, E. Jackson and G.A. FitzGerald (1986) Coronary vascular occlusion mediated via thromboxane A2 prostaglandin endoperoxide receptor activation in vivo. J. Clin. Invest. 77 496-502.
60. V.V. McLaughlin, D.E. Genthner, M.M. Panella and S. Rich (1998) Reduction in pulmonary vascular resistance with long-term epoprostenol (prostacyclin) therapy in primary pulmonary hypertension. N. Engl. J. Med. 338 273-277.
61. Y. Numaguchi, K. Naruse, M. Harada, H. Osanai, S. Mokuno, K. Murase, H. Matsui, Y. Toki, T. Ito, K. Okumura and T. Hayakawa (1999) Prostacyclin synthase gene transfer accelerates reendothelialization and inhibits neointimal formation in rat carotid arteries after balloon injury. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 19 727-733.
62. T. Nakayama, M. Soma, D. Rahmutula, H. Tobe, M. Sato, J. Uwabo, N. Aoi, K. Kosuge, M. Kunimoto, K. Kamatsuse and S. Kokubun (2002) Association study between a novel single nucleotide polymorphism of the promoter region of the prostacyclin synthase gene and essential hypertension. Hypertens. Res. 25 65-68.
63. T. Nakayama, M. Soma, D. Rehemudula, Y. Takahashi, H. Tobe, M. Satoh, J. Uwabo, M. Kunimoto and K. Kanmatsuse (2000) Association of 5′ upstream promoter region of prostacyclin synthase gene variant with cerebral infarction. Am. J. Hypertens 13 1263-1267.
64. Z. Qi, H. Chuan-Ming, R.I. Langenbach, R.M. Breyer, R. Redha, J.D. Morrow and M.D. Breyer (2002) Opposite effects of cyclooxygenases 1 and 2 activity on the pressor response to angiotensin II. J. Clin. Invest. 110 61-69.
65. J.K. Hennan, J. Huang, T.D. Barrett, E.M. Driscoll, D.E. Willens, A.M. Park, L.J. Crofford and B.R. Lucchesi (2001) Effects of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition on vascular responses and thrombosis in canine coronary arteried. Circulation 104 820-825.
66. S.R. Adderley and D.J. Fitzgerald (1999) Oxidative damage of cardiomyocytes is limited by extracellular regulated kinases 1/2-mediated induction of cyclooxygenase-2. J. Biol. Chem. 274 5038-5046.
67. T. Namba, H. Oida, Y. Sugimoto, A. Kakizuka, M. Negishi, A. Ichikawa and S. Narumiya (1994) cDNA cloning of a mouse prostacyclin receptor. Multiple signaling pathways and expression in thymic medulla. J. Biol. Chem. 269 9986-9992.
68. R.L. Hebert, L. Regnier and L.N. Peterson (1995) Rabbit cortical collecting ducts express a novel prostacyclin receptor. Am. J. Physiol. 268 F145-F154.
69. H. Takechi, K. Matsumura, Y. Watanabe, K. Kato, R. Noyori and M. Suzuki (1996) A novel subtype of the prostacyclin receptor expressed in the central nervous system. J. Biol. Chem. 271 5901-5906.
70. B.M. Forman, J. Chen and R.M. Evans (1997) Hypolipidemic drugs, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and eicosanoids are ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and delta. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94 4312-4317.
71. J.M. Peters, S.S. Lee, W. Li, J.M. Ward, O. Gavrilova, C. Everett, M.L. Reitman, L.D. Hudson and F.J. Gonzalez (2000) Growth, adipose, brain, and skin alterations resulting from targeted disruption of the mouse peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta(delta). Mol. Cell Biol. 20 5119-5128.
72. J. Stitham, A. Stojanovic and J. Hwa (2002) Impaired receptor binding and activation associated with a human prostacyclin receptor polymorphism. J. Biol. Chem. 277 15439-15444.
73. T. Murata, F. Ushikubi, T. Matsuoka, M. Hirata, A. Yamasaki, Y. Sugimoto, A. Ichikawa, Y. Aze, T. Tanaka, N. Yoshida, A. Ueno, S. Oh-ishi and S. Narumiya (1997) Altered pain perception and inflammatory response in mice lacking prostacyclin receptor. Nature 388 678-682.
74. Y. Hoshikawa, N.F. Voelkel, T.L. Gesell, M.D. Moore, K.G. Morris, L.A. Alger, S. Narumiya and M.W. Geraci (2001) Prostacyclin receptor-dependent modulation of pulmonary vascular remodeling. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 164 314-318.
75. K. Egan, S. Austin, E.M. Smyth and G.A. FitzGerald (2000) Accelerated atherogenesis in protacyclin receptor deficient mice. Circulation 102 234.
76. H. Seeger, A.O. Mueck and T.H. Lippert (1999) Effect of estradiol metabolites on prostacyclin synthesis in human endothelial cell cultures. Life Sci. 65 L167-L170.
77. C. Yokoyama, T. Yabuki, M. Shimonishi, M. Wada, T. Hatae, J. Takeda, M. Okabe and T. Tanabe (2001) Prostacyclin deficiency in mice induces vascular disorders in kindey. Ist Takeda Science Foundation Symposium on Pharmac Sciences—Lipids in Signaling and Related Diseases Tokyo, Japan
78. K. Sladek, J.R. Sheller, G.A. FitzGerald, J.D. Morrow and L.J. Roberts 2nd (1991) Formation of PGD2 after allergen inhalation in atopic asthmatics. Adv. Prostaglandin Thromboxane Leukot. Res. 433-436
79. L.J. Roberts 2nd, B.J. Sweetman, R.A. Lewis, K.F. Austen and J.A. Oates (1980) Increased production of prostaglandin D2 in patients with systemic mastocytosis. N. Engl. J. Med. 303 1400-1404.
80. D.J. Heavey, P. Lumley, S.E. Barrow, M.B. Murphy, P.P. Humphrey and C.T. Dollery (1984) Effects of intravenous infusions of prostaglandin D2 in man. Prostaglandins 28 755-767.
81. Y. Fujitani, Y. Kanaoka, K. Aritake, N. Uodome, K. Okazaki-Hatake and Y. Urade (2002) Pronounced eosinophilic lung inflammation and Th2 cytokine release in human lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase transgenic mice. J. Immunol 168 443-449.
82. T. Inoue, K. Takayanagi, S. Morooka, Y. Uehara, H. Oda, K. Seiki, H. Nakajima and Y. Urade (2001) Serum prostaglandin D synthase level after coronary angioplasty may predict occurrence of restenosis. Thromb. Haemost. 85 165-170.
83. E. Noguchi, M. Shibasaki, M. Kamioka, Y. Yokouchi, K. Yamakawa-Kobayashi, H. Hamaguchi, A. Matsui and T. Arinami (2002) New polymorphisms of haematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase and human prostanoid DP receptor genes. Clin. Exp. Allergy 32 93-96.
84. O. Hayaishi (2000) Molecular mechanisms of sleep-wake regulation: a role of prostaglandin D2. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London B Biol. Sci. 355 275-280.
85. N. Eguchi, T. Minami, N. Shirafuji, Y. Kanaoka, T. Tanaka, A. Nagata, N. Yoshida, Y. Urade, S. Ito and O. Hayaishi (1999) Lack of tactile pain (allodynia) in lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase-deficient mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96 726-730.
86. G. Monneret, S. Gravel, M. Diamond, J. Rokach and W.S. Powell (2001) Prostaglandin D2 is a potent chemoattractant for human eosinophils that acts via a novel DP receptor. Blood 98 1942-1948.
87. T. Michimata, H. Tsuda, M. Sakai, M. Fujimura, K. Nagata, M. Nakamura and S. Saito (2002) Accumulation of CRTH2-positive T-helper 2 and T-cytotoxic 2 cells at implantation sites of human decidua in a prostaglandin D(2)-mediated manner. Mol. Hum. Reprod. 8 181-187.
88. F.A. Fitzpatrick and M.A. Wynalda (1983) Albumin-catalyzed metabolism of prostaglandin D2. Identification of products formed in vitro. J. Biol. Chem. 258 11713-11718.
89. S.G. Harris, J. Padilla, L. Koumas, D. Ray and R.P. Phipps (2002) Prostaglandins as modulators of immunity. Trends Immunol. 23 144-150.
90. B.M. Forman, P. Tontonoz, J. Chen, R.P. Brun, B.M. Spiegelman and R.M. Evans (1995) 15-Deoxy-delta 12, 14-prostaglandin J2 is a ligand for the adipocyte determination factor PPAR gamma. Cell 83 803-812.
91. T. Matsuoka, M. Hirata, H. Tanaka, Y. Takahashi, T. Murata, K. Kabashima, Y. Sugimoto, T. Kobayashi, F. Ushikubi, Y. Aze, N. Eguchi, Y. Urade, N. Yoshida, K. Kimura, A. Mizoguchi, Y. Honda, H. Nagai and S. Narumiya (2000) Prostaglandin D2 as a mediator of allergic asthma. Science 287 2013-2017.
92. A. Mizoguchi, N. Eguchi, K. Kimura, Y. Kiyohara, W.M. Qu, Z.L. Huang, T. Mochizuki, M. Lazarus, T. Kobayashi, T. Kaneko, S. Narumiya, Y. Urade and O. Hayaishi (2001) Dominant localization of prostaglandin D receptors on arachnoid trabecular cells in mouse basal forebrain and their involvement in the regulation of non-rapid eye movement sleep. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98 11674-11679.
93. R.N. Dubois, S.B. Abramson, L. Crofford, R.A. Gupta, L.S. Simon, L.B. Van De Putte and P.E. Lipsky (1998) Cyclooxygenase in biology and disease. FASEB J. 12 1063-1073.
94. S.J. Lydford, K.C. McKechnie and I.G. Dougall (1996) Pharmacological studies on prostanoid receptors in the rabbit isolated saphenous vein: a comparison with the rabbit isolated ear artery. Br. J. Pharmacol. 117 13-20.
95. R.A. Coleman, I. Kennedy, P.P.A. Humphrey, K. Bunce and P. Lumley (1990) Prostanoids and their Receptors. C. Hansch,(Ed.) Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry New York: Pergamon Press 643-714.
96. P.J. Jakobsson, S. Thoren, R. Morgenstern and B. Samuelsson (1999) Identification of human prostaglandin E synthase: a microsomal, glutathione-dependent, inducible enzyme, constituting a potential novel drug target. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96 7220-7225.
97. Y. Guan, Y. Zhang, A. Schneider, D. Riendeau, J.A. Mancini, L. Davis, M. Komhoff, R.M. Breyer and M.D. Breyer (2001) Urogenital distribution of a mouse membrane-associated prostaglandin E(2) synthase. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 281 F1173-F1177.
98. T. Yang, I. Singh, H. Pham, D. Sun, A. Smart, J.B. Schnermann and J.P. Briggs (1998) Regulation of cyclooxygenase expression in the kidney by dietary salt intake. Am. J. Physiol. 274 F481-F489.
99. M.D. Breyer and R.M. Breyer (2000) Prostaglandin E receptors and the kidney. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 279 F12-F23.
100. E. Okuda-Ashitaka, K. Sakamoto, T. Ezashi, K. Miwa, S. Ito and O. Hayaishi (1996) Suppression of prostaglandin E receptor signaling by the variant form of EP1 subtype. J. Biol. Chem. 271 31255-31261.
101. M. Katsuyama, N. Nishigaki, Y. Sugimoto, K. Morimoto, M. Negishi, S. Narumiya and A. Ichikawa (1995) The mouse prostaglandin E receptor EP2 subtype: cloning, expression, and northern blot analysis. FEBS Lett. 372 151-156.
102. J.E. Fabre, M. Nguyen, K. Athirakul, K. Coggins, J.D. McNeish, S. Austin, L.K. Parise, G.A. FitzGerald, T.M. Coffman and B.H. Koller (2001) Activation of the murine EP3 receptor for PGE2 inhibits cAMP production and promotes platelet aggregation. J. Clin. Invest. 107 603-610.
103. C.R. Kennedy, Y. Zhang, S. Brandon, Y. Guan, K. Coffee, C.D. Funk, M.A. Magnuson, J.A. Oates, M.D. Breyer and R.M. Breyer (1999) Salt-sensitive hypertension and reduced fertility in mice lacking the prostaglandin EP2 receptor. Nat. Med. 5 217-220.
104. B.L. Jensen, C. Schmid and A. Kurtz (1996) Prostaglandins stimulate renin secretion and renin mRNA in mouse renal juxtaglomerular cells. Am. J. Physiol. 271 F659-F669.
105. E.W. Inscho, P.K. Carmines and L.G. Navar (1990) Prostaglandin influences on afferent arteriolar responses to vasoconstrictor agonists. Am. J. Physiol. 259 F157-F163.
106. H Araki, H. Ukawa, Y. Sugawa, K. Yagi, K. Suzuki and K. Takeuchi (2000) The roles of prostaglandin E receptor subtypes in the cytoprotective action of prostaglandin E2 in rat stomach. Aliment Pharmacol. Ther. 14(Suppl 1), 116-124.
107. T. Kunikata, A. Tanaka, T. Miyazawa, S. Kato and K. Takeuchi (2002) 16,16-Dimethyl prostaglandin E2 inhibits indomethacininduced small intestinal lesions through EP3 and EP4 receptors. Dig. Dis. Sci. 47 894-904.
108. G. Asboth, S. Phaneuf, G.N. Europe-Finner, M. Toth and A.L. Bernal (1996) Prostaglandin E2 activates phospholipase C and elevates intracellular calcium in cultured myometrial cells: involvement of EP1 and EP3 receptor subtypes. Endocrinology 137 2572-2579.
109. K. Tani, A. Naganawa, A. Ishida, H. Egashira, K. Sagawa, H. Harada, M. Ogawa, T. Maruyama, S. Ohuchida, H. Nakai, K. Kondo and M. Toda (2001) Design and synthesis of a highly selective EP2-receptor agonist. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 11 2025-2028.
110. M. Sonoshita, K. Takaku, N. Sasaki, Y. Sugimoto, F. Ushikubi, S. Narumiya, M. Oshima and M.M. Taketo (2001) Acceleration of intestinal polyposis through prostaglandin receptor EP2 in Apc(Delta 716) knockout mice. Nat. Med. 7 1048-1051.
111. R. Pai, B. Soreghan, I.L. Szabo, M. Pavelka, D. Baatar and A.S. Tarnawski (2002) Prostaglandin E2 transactivates EGF receptor: a novel mechanism for promoting colon cancer growth and gastrointestinal hypertrophy. Nat. Med. 8 289-293.
112. C. Nataraj, D.W. Thomas, S.L. Tilley, M.T. Nguyen, R. Mannon, B.H. Koller and T.M. Coffman (2001) Receptors for prostaglandin E(2) that regulate cellular immune responses in the mouse. J. Clin Invest. 108 1229-1235.
113. M. Ek, D. Engblom, S. Saha, A. Blomqvist, P.J. Jakobsson and A. Ericsson-Dahlstrand (2001) Inflammatory response: pathway across the blood-brain barrier. Nature 410 430-431.
114. Y. Yoshida, H. Matsumura, T. Nakajima, M. Mandai, T. Urakami, K. Kuroda and H. Yoneda (2000) Prostaglandin E (EP) receptor subtypes and sleep: promotion by EP4 and inhibition by EP1/EP2. Neuroreport 11 2127-2131.
115. F. Ushikubi, E. Segi, Y. Sugimoto, T. Murata, T. Matsuoka, T. Kobayashi, H. Hizaki, K. Tuboi, M. Katsuyama, A. Ichikawa, T. Tanaka and N. Yoshida (1998) Impaired febrile response in mice lacking the prostaglandin E receptor subtype EP3. Nature 395 281-284.
116. J.L. Stock, K. Shinjo, J. Burkhardt, M. Roach, K. Taniguchi, T. Ishikawa, H.S. Kim, P.J. Flannery, T.M. Coffman, J.D. McNeish and L.P. Audoly (2001) The prostaglandin E2 EP1 receptor mediates pain perception and regulates blood pressure. J. Clin. Invest. 107 325-331.
117. E.F. Fleming, K. Athirakul, M.I. Oliverio, M. Key, J. Goulet, B.H. Koller and T.M. Coffman (1998) Urinary concentrating function in mice lacking EP3 receptors for prostaglandin E2. Am. J. Physiol. 275 F955-F961.
118. M. Nguyen, T. Camenisch, J.N. Snouwaert, E. Hicks, T.M. Coffman, P.A. Anderson, N.N. Malouf and B.H. Koller (1997) The prostaglandin receptor EP4 triggers remodelling of the cardiovascular system at birth. Nature 390 78-81.
119. E.W. Horton and N.L. Poyser (1976) Uterine luteolytic hormone: a physiological role for prostaglandin F2alpha. Physiol. Rev. 56 595-651.
120. Y.J. Dong, R.L. Jones and N.H. Wilson (1986) Prostaglandin E receptor subtypes in smooth muscle: agonist activities of stable prostacyclin analogues. Br. J. Pharmacol. 87 97-107.
121. J.W. Barnard, R.A. Ward and A.E. Taylor (1992) Evaluation of prostaglandin F2 alpha and prostacyclin interactions in the isolated perfused rat lung. J. Appl. Physiol. 72 2469-2474.
122. T. Suzuki-Yamamoto, M. Nishizawa, M. Fukui, E. Okuda-Ashitaka, T. Nakajima, S. Ito and K. Watanabe (1999) cDNA cloning, expression and characterization of human prostaglandin F synthase. FEBS Lett 462 335-340.
123. K. Endo, M. Fukui, M. Mishima and K. Watanabe (2001) Metabolism of vitamin A affected by prostaglandin F synthase in contractile interstitial cells of bovine lung. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 287 956-961.
124. H. Vanegas and H.G. Schaible (2001) Prostaglandins and cyclooxygenases [correction of cycloxygenases] in the spinal cord. Prog. Neurobiol. 64 327-363.
125. J.W. Adams, D.S. Migita, M.K. Yu, R. Young, M.S. Hellickson, F.E. Castro-Vargas, J.D. Domingo, P.H. Lee, J.S. Bui and S.A. Henderson (1996) Prostaglandin F2 alpha stimulates hypertrophic growth of cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 271 1179-1186.
126. K.L. Pierce, H. Fujino, D. Srinivasan and J.W. Regan (1999) Activation of FP prostanoid receptor isoforms leads to Rho-mediated changes in cell morphology and in the cell cytoskeleton. J. Biol. Chem. 274 35944-35949.
127. H. Fujino, D. Srinivasan, K.L. Pierce and J.W. Regan (2000) Differential regulation of prostaglandin F(2alpha) receptor isoforms by protein kinase C. Mol. Pharmacol. 57 353-358.
128. H. Fujino and J.W. Regan (2001) FP prostanoid receptor activation of a T-cell factor/beta-catenin signaling pathway. J. Biol. Chem. 276 12489-12492.
129. P. Kunapuli, J.A. Lawson, J. Rokach and G.A. FitzGerald (1997) Functional characterization of the ocular prostaglandin f2alpha (PGF2alpha) receptor. Activation by the isoprostane, 12-iso-PGF2alpha. J. Biol. Chem. 272 27147-27154.
130. T.R. Hesketh, J.P. Moore, J.D. Morris, M.V. Taylor, J. Rogers, G.A. Smith and J.C. Metcalfe (1985) A common sequence of calcium and pH signals in the mitogenic stimulation of eukaryotic cells. Nature 313 481-484.
131. P. Kunapuli, J.A. Lawson, J.A. Rokach, J.L. Meinkoth and G.A. FitzGerald (1998) Prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) and the isoprostane, 8,12-isoprostane F2alpha-III, induce cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Differential activation of downstream signaling pathways. J. Biol. Chem. 273 22442-22452.
132. D.A. Casimir, C.W. Miller and J.M. Ntambi (1996) Preadipocyte differentiation blocked by prostaglandin stimulation, of prostanoid FP2 receptor in murine 3T3-L1 cells. Differentiation 60 203-210.
133. Y. Sugimoto, A. Yamasaki, E. Segi, K. Tsuboi, Y. Aze, T. Nishimura, H. Oida, N. Yoshida, T. Tanaka, M. Katsuyama, K. Hasumoto, T. Murata, M. Hirata, F. Ushikubi, M. Negishi, A. Ichikawa and S. Narumiya (1997) Failure of parturition in mice lacking the prostaglandin F receptor. Science 277 681-683.
134. K. Tsuboi, Y. Sugimoto, A. Iwane, K. Yamamoto, S. Yamamoto and A. Ichikawa (2000) Uterine expression of prostaglandin H2 synthase in late pregnancy and during parturition in prostaglandin F receptor-deficient mice. Endocrinology 141 315-324.