Biosensing using laser-polarized xenon NMR/MRI

Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Volumn 55, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 35-60

  Berthault, Patrick ^a   Huber, Gaspard ^a   Desvaux, Hervé ^a  

^a CNRS UMR 3299   (France)

Author keywords

Biosensor; Exchange; Molecular imaging; Optical pumping; Xenon

Indexed keywords

EID: 67349258270     PISSN: 00796565     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2008.11.003     Document Type: Review

References (188)

1. Schoenborn B.P. Binding of xenon to horse haemoglobin. Nature 208 (1965) 760
2. Prangé T., Schiltz M., Pernot L., Colloc'h N., Longhi S., Bourguet W., and Fourme R. Exploring hydrophobic sites in proteins with xenon or krypton. Prot. Struct. Funct. Genet. 30 (1998) 61
3. Quillin M.L., and Matthews B.W. Generation of noble-gas binding sites for crystallographic phasing using site-directed mutagenesis. Acta Crystallogr. D 58 (2002) 97
4. Quillin M.L., Breyer W.A., Grisworld I.J., and Matthews B.W. Size versus polarizability in protein-ligand interactions: binding of noble gases within engineered cavities in phage T4 lysozyme. J. Mol. Biol. 302 (2000) 955
5. Berthault P., Huber J.G., Ha P.T., Dubois L., Desvaux H., and Guittet E. Study of the hydrophobic cavity of β-cryptogein through laser-polarized xenon NMR spectroscopy. ChemBioChem 7 (2006) 59
6. Desvaux H., Dubois L., Huber G., Quillin M.L., Berthault P., and Matthews B.W. Dynamics of xenon binding inside the hydrophobic cavity of pseudo-wild-type bacteriophage T4 lysozyme explored through xenon-based NMR spectroscopy. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127 (2005) 11676
7. Dubois L., Parrès S., Huber J.G., Berthault P., and Desvaux H. Dynamics of xenon inside hydrophobic cavities as probed by NMR relaxation of dissolved laser-polarized xenon. J. Phys. Chem. B 108 (2004) 767
8. Dubois L., Da Silva P., Landon C., Huber J.G., Ponchet M., Vovelle F., Berthault P., and Desvaux H. Probing the hydrophobic cavity of Lipid Transfer Protein from Nicotiana tabacum through xenon-based NMR spectroscopy. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126 (2004) 15738
9. Dubois L., Berthault P., Huber J.G., and Desvaux H. Mapping hydrophobic molecular regions using dissolved laser-polarized xenon NMR. C.R. Physique 5 (2004) 305
10. Landon C., Berthault P., Vovelle F., and Desvaux H. Magnetization transfer from laser-polarized xenon to protons located in the hydrophobic cavities of a protein. Prot. Sci. 10 (2001) 762
11. Berthault P., Landon C., Vovelle F., and Desvaux H. Première détection d'un transfert d'aimantation entre du xénon polarisé par laser, des protons d'une protéine. C.R. Acad. Sci. IV 2 (2001) 327
12. Bowers C.R., Storhaug V., Webster C.E., Bharatam J., Cottone III A., Gianna R., Betsey K., and Gaffney B.J. Exploring surfaces, cavities in lipoxygenase, other proteins by hyperpolarized xenon-129 NMR. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121 (1999) 9370
13. 129Xe NMR spectroscopy. J. Mol. Biol. 322 (2002) 425
14. Spence M.M., Rubin S.M., Dimitrov I.E., Ruiz E.J., Wemmer D.E., Pines A., Qin Yao S., Tian F., and Schultz P.G. Functionalized xenon as a biosensor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98 (2001) 10654
15. Walker T.G., and Happer W. Spin-exchange optical pumping of noble-gas nuclei. Rev. Mod. Phys. 69 (1997) 629
16. Franks N.P., Dickinson R., de Sousa S.L., Hall A.C., and Lieb W.R. How does xenon produce anaesthesia?. Nature 396 (1998) 324
17. Talanov V.S., Regino C.A.S., Kobayashi H., Bernardo M., Choyke P.L., and Brechbiel M.W. Dendrimer-based nanoprobe for dual modality magnetic resonance, fluorescence imaging. Nano Lett. 6 (2006) 1459
18. Bakalova R., Zhelev Z., Aoki I., and Kanno I. Designing quantum-dots probes. Nat. Photonics 1 (2007) 487
19. Bottrill M., Kwok L., and Long N.J. Lanthanides in magnetic resonance imaging. Chem. Soc. Rev. 35 (2006) 557
20. Geninatti Crich S., Cabella C., Barge A., Belfiore S., Lattuada G.C.L., Lanzardo S., Mortillaro A., Tei L., Visigalli M., Forni G., and Aime S. In vitro, in vivo magnetic resonance detection of tumor cells by targeting glutamine transporters with Gd-based probes. J. Med. Chem. 49 (2006) 4926
21. Lattuada L., Demattio S., Vincenzi V., Cabella C., Visigalli M., Aime S., Geninatti Crich S., and Gianolio E. Magnetic resonance imaging of tumor cells by targeting the amino acid transport system. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 16 (2006) 4111
22. Zhou J., and van Zijl P.C.M. Chemical exchange saturation transfer spectroscopy imaging. Prog. NMR Spectrosc. 48 (2006) 109-136
23. Mulder W.J.M., Strijkers G.J., van Tilborg G.A.F., Griffion A.W., and Nicolay K. Lipid-based nanoparticles for contrast-enhanced MRI, molecular imaging. NMR Biomed. 19 (2006) 142
24. Morawski A.M., Lanza G.M., and Wickline S.A. Targeted contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasounds. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 16 (2005) 89
25. Mornet S., Vasseur S., Grasset F., and Duguet E. Magnetic nanoparticle design for medical diagnosis, therapy. J. Mater. Chem. 14 (2004) 2161
26. Weissleder R., Kelly K., Yi Sun E., Shtatland T., and Josephson L. Cell-specific targeting of nanoparticles by multivalent attachment of small molecules. Nat. Biotechnol. 23 (2005) 1418
27. Abragam A., and Goldman M. Nuclear Magnetism: Order and Disorder (1982), Clarendon Press, Oxford
28. Wolber J., Ellner F., Fridlund B., Gram A., Jóhannesson H., Hansson G., Hansson L.H., Lerche M.H., Møansson S., Servin R., Thaning M., Golman K., and Ardenkjær-Larsen J.H. Generating highly polarized nuclear spin in solution using dynamic nuclear polarization. Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 526 (2004) 173
29. Grucker D., Guiberteau T., Eclancher B., Chambron J., Chiarelli R., Rassat A., Subra G., and Gallez B. Dynamic nuclear-polarization with nitroxides dissolved in biological-fluids. J. Magn. Reson. B 106 (1995) 101
30. Merritt M., Harrison C., Kovacs Z., Kshirsagar P., Malloy C., and Sherry A. Hyperpolarized Y-89 offers the potential of direct imaging of metal ions in biological systems by magnetic resonance. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129 (2007) 12942
31. Natterer J., and Bargon J. Parahydrogen induced polarization. Prog. NMR Spectrosc. 31 (1997) 293
32. Bowers C.R. In: Grant D.M., and Harris R.K. (Eds). Encyclopedia of NMR vol. 9 (2002), Wiley 750
33. 19F. J. Phys. Chem. 110 (2006) 3521
34. 13C. Acad. Radiol. 13 (2006) 932
35. Golman K., Ardenkjaer-L J., Mansson S., Leunbach L., and Petersson J.S. Molecular imaging with endogenous substances. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100 (2003) 10435
36. Golman K., in't Zandt R., and Thaning M. Real-time metabolic imaging. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103 (2006) 11270
37. 13C magnetic resonance imaging, spectroscopy. Nat. Med. 13 (2007) 1382
38. Gallagher F.A., Kettunen M.I., Day S.E., Hu D.E., Ardenkjær-Larsen J.H., in't Zandt R., Jensen P.R., Karlsson M., Golman K., Lerche M.H., and Brindle K.M. Magnetic resonance imaging of pH in vivo using hyperpolarized 13C-labelled bicarbonate. Nature 453 (2008) 940
39. Kawakami K. Topics in pulmonary nuclear medicine. Ann. Nucl. Med. 11 (1997) 67
40. This is the alveolar concentration of an agent at one atmosphere required to produce immobility in 50% of patients when exposed to a noxious stimulus (defined as skin incision in humans).
41. Colloc'h N., Sopkova-de Oliveira Santos J., Retailleau P., Vivarès D., Bonneté F., Langlois d'Estainto B., Gallois B., Brisson A., Risso J.J., Lemaire M., Prangé T., and Abraini J.H. Protein crystallography under xenon, nitrous oxide pressure: comparison with in vivo pharmacology studies, implications for the mechanism of inhaled anesthetic action. Biophys. J. 92 (2007) 217
42. 129Xe. Nature 370 (1994) 199
43. 129Xe. Magn. Reson. Med. 38 (1997) 695
44. 129Xe gas: preliminary human results. Magn. Reson. Med. 37 (1997) 809
45. Bifone A., Song Y.-Q., Seydoux R., Taylor R.E., Goodson B.M., Pietrass T., Budinger T.F., Navon G., and Pines A. NMR of laser-polarized xenon in human blood. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93 (1996) 12932
46. Duhamel G., Choquet P., Grillon E., Lamalle L., Leviel J.-L., Ziegler A., and Constantinesco A. Xenon-129 MR imaging, spectroscopy of rat brain using arterial delivery of hyperpolarized xenon in a lipid emulsion. Magn. Reson. Med. 46 (2001) 208
47. Goodson B.M. Using injectable carriers of laser-polarized noble gases for enhancing NMR, MRI. Conc. Magn. Reson. 11 (1999) 203
48. 129Xe rat head spectra. Magn. Reson. Med. 57 (2007) 791
49. 129Xe NMR spectroscopy of deuterium-labeled cryptophane-A xenon complexes: investigation of host-guest complexation dynamics. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122 (2000) 1171
50. Zabow G., Dodd S., Moreland J., and Koretsky A. Micro-engineered local field control for high-sensitivity multispectral MRI. Nature 453 (2008) 1058
51. Kastler A. Quelques suggestions concernant la production optique, la détection optique d'une inégalité de population des niveaux de quantification spatiale des atomes. Application à l'expérience de Stern et Gerlach et à la résonance magnétique. J. Phys. Radium 11 (1950) 255
52. Bouchiat M.A., Carver T.R., and Varnum C.M. Nuclear polarization in He3 gas induced by optical pumping, dipolar exchangeNuclear polarization in He3 gas induced by optical pumping, dipolar exchange. Phys. Rev. Lett. 5 (1960) 373
53. Herman R.M. fTheory of spin-exchange between optically pumped rubidium, foreign gas nucleiTheory of spin-exchange between optically pumped rubidium, foreign gas nuclei. Phys. Rev. 137A (1965) 1062
54. 129Xe nuclei in a gas. Phys. Rev. Lett. 49 (1982) 25
55. Happer W., Miron E., Schaefer S., Schreiber D., van Wijngaarden W.A., and Zeng X. Polarization of the nuclear spins of noble-gas atoms by spin exchange with optically pumped alkali-metal atoms. Phys. Rev. A 29 (1984) 3092
56. 129Xe nuclei in alkali-metal noble-gas van der Waals molecules. Phys. Rev. A 31 (1985) 260
57. 129Xe. Phys. Rev. A 58 (1998) 1412
58. Colegrove F.D., Schearer L.D., and Walters G.K. Polarization of He3 gas by optical pumping. Phys. Rev. 132 (1963) 2561
59. Lefevre-Seguin V., and Leduc M. Metastability-exchange, depolarizing collisions in xenon, krypton. J. Phys. B At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 10 (1977) 2157
60. Happer W. Optical pumping. Rev. Mod. Phys. 44 (1972) 169
61. 129Xe. Appl. Phys. Lett. 69 (1996) 1668
62. 129Xe gas in a magnetic field. Phys. Rev. Lett. 50 (1983) 105
63. 129Xe-Rb spin-exchange rate due to binary collisions. Phys. Rev. A 66 (2002) 052710
64. Augustine M.P., and Zilm K.W. Optical pumping magnetic resonance in high fields: measurements of high field spin exchange cross section. Chem. Phys. Lett. 280 (1997) 24
65. 129Xe nuclei. Phys. Lett. A 96 (1983) 191
66. 1 relaxation time in glass, gelatin bulbs. J. Magn. Reson. 150 (2001) 156
67. Gamblin R.L., and Carver T.R. Polarization, relaxation processes in He3 gas. Phys. Rev. 138A (1965) 946
68. Torrey H.C. Chemical shift, relaxation of Xe129 in xenon gas. Phys. Rev. 130 (1963) 2306
69. Cates G.D., Schaefer S.R., and Happer W. Relaxation of spins due to field inhomogeneities in gaseous samples at low magnetic fields, low pressure. Phys. Rev. A 37 (1988) 2877
70. Hasson K.C., Cates G.D., Lerman K., Bogorad P., and Happer W. Spin relaxation due to magnetic-field inhomogeneities: quadratic dependence, diffusion-constant measurements. Phys. Rev. A 41 (1990) 3672
71. Solomon I. Relaxation processes in a system of two spins. Phys. Rev. 99 (1955) 559
72. Walker T.G. Estimates of spin-exchange parameters for alkali-metal - noble-gas pairs. Phys. Rev. A 40 (1989) 4959
73. 129Xe spin-exchange cross section. Phys. Rev. A 21 (1980) 1549
74. Rice C.V., and Raftery D. Rubidium-xenon spin exchange, relaxation rates measured at high pressure, high magnetic field. J. Chem. Phys. 117 (2002) 5632
75. 129Xe, alkali metals. Phys. Rev. A 72 (2005) 022713
76. 129Xe-Cs binary spin-exchange rate coefficient. Phys. Rev. A 69 (2004) 061401
77. Ben-Amar Baranga A., Appelt S., Romalis M.V., Erickson C.J., Young A.R., Cates G.D., and Happer W. Polarization of He-3 by spin exchange with optically pumped Rb, K vapors. Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 (1998) 2801
78. 3He. Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 (2003) 123003
79. 129Xe produced by spin exchange with diode-laser pumped Cs. Appl. Phys. Lett. 73 (1998) 2666
80. 129Xe. NMR Biomed. 13 (2000) 214
81. Fink A., Baumer D., and Brunner E. Production of hyperpolarized xenon in a static pump cell: numerical simulations, experiments. Phys. Rev. A 72 (2005) 053411
82. 129Xe: a theoretical study. Appl. Phys. B 89 (2007) 65
83. Young A.R., Appelt S., Ben-Amar Baranga A., Erickson C.J., and Happer W. Three-dimensional imaging of spin polarization of alkali-metal vapor in optical pumping cells. Appl. Phys. Lett. 70 (1997) 3081
84. Appelt S., Unlü T., Zilles K., Shah N.J., Baer-Lang S., and Halling H. Experimental studies of rubidium absolute polarization at high temperatures. Appl. Phys. Lett. 75 (1999) 427
85. 129Xe gas. Appl. Phys. B 68 (1999) 93
86. 129Xe. Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 (2006) 053002
87. Zook A.L., Adhyaru B.B., and Bowers C.R. High capacity production of >65% spin polarized xenon-129 for NMR spectroscopy, imaging. J. Magn. Reson. 159 (2002) 175
88. Knagge K., Prange J., and Raftery D. A continuously recirculating optical pumping apparatus for high xenon polarization, surface NMR studies. Chem. Phys. Lett. 397 (2004) 11
89. Haake M., Pines A., Reimer J.A., and Seydoux R. Surface-enhanced NMR using continuous-flow laser polarized xenon. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 119 (1997) 11711
90. 129Xe. J. Phys. Chem. B 103 (1999) 4629
91. Tupa D., Anderson L.W., Huber D.L., and Lawler J.E. Effect of radiation trapping on the polarization of an optically pumped alkali-metal vapor. Phys. Rev. A 33 (1986) 1045
92. Appelt S., Ben-Amar Baranga A., Young A.R., and Happer W. Light narrowing of rubidium magnetic-resonance lines in high-pressure optical-pumping cells. Phys. Rev. A 59 (1999) 2078
93. 3He polarization. Phys. Rev. A 40 (1989) 4447
94. Saha I., Nikilaou P., Whiting N., and Goodson B.M. Characterization of violet emission from Rb optical pumping cells used in laser-polarized xenon NMR experiments. Chem. Phys. Lett. 428 (2006) 268
95. 2, Xe: line cores, near wings. Phys. Rev. A 56 (1997) 4569
96. Cates G.D., Benton D.R., Gatzke M., Happer W., Hasson K.C., and Newbury N.R. Laser production of large nuclear-spin polarization in frozen xenon. Phys. Rev. Lett. 66 (1990) 2591
97. 129Xe. Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 (2002) 147602-1
98. Romalis M. Narrowing of high power diode laser arrays using reflection feedback from an etalon. Appl. Phys. Lett. 77 (2000) 1080
99. 129Xe with high power external-cavity laser diode arrays. Appl. Phys. Lett. 76 (2000) 1798
100. Nelson I.A., Chann B., and Walker T.G. Spin-exchange optical pumping using a frequency-narrowed high power diode laser. Appl. Phys. Lett. 76 (2000) 1356
101. M.J. Barlow, P. Nikolaou, N. Whiting, N. Eschmann, B.M. Goodson, C.H. Li, R.W. Mair, M.S. Rosen, R.L. Walsworth, A next-generation xenon-polarization laser source with adjustable wavelength, spectral width, flux for biomedical, materials spectroscopy, imaging, Poster at ENC Pacific Grove, CA, USA, 2008.
102. Desvaux H., Gautier T., Le Goff G., Pétro M., and Berthault P. Direct evidence of a magnetization transfer between laser-polarized xenon, protons of a cage-molecule in water. Eur. Phys. J. D 12 (2000) 289
103. Berthault P., and Desvaux H. NMR study of the dissolution of laser-polarized xenon. Eur. Phys. J. D 22 (2003) 65
104. Breeze S.R., Lang S., Moudrakovski I., Ratcliffe C.I., Ripmeester J.A., Santyr G., Simard B., and Zuger I. Coatings for optical pumping cells, short-term storage of hyperpolarized xenon. J. Appl. Phys. 87 (2000) 8013
105. Moudrakovski I.L., Nossov A., Lang S., Breeze S.R., Ratcliffe C.I., Simard B., Santyr G., and Ripmeester J.A. Continuous flow NMR with hyperpolarized xenon for the characterization of materials, processes. Chem. Mat. 12 (2000) 1181
106. xAs diode laser arrays. Phys. Rev. A 51 (1995) 4842
107. 129Xe optical pumping/spin exchange, delivery system for magnetic resonance spectroscopy, imaging studies. Rev. Sci. Instr. 70 (1999) 1546
108. 129Xe-NMR on mesoporous materials. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 5 (2003) 4473
109. Mecozzi S., and Rebek Jr. J. The 55% solution: a formula for molecular recognition in the liquid state. Chem. Eur. J. 4 (1998) 1016
110. Rudkevich D.M. Emerging supramolecular chemistry of gases. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 43 (2004) 558
111. Branda N., Grotzfeld R., Valdés C., and Rebek J.J. Control of self-assembly, reversible encapsulation of xenon in a self-assembling dimer by acid-base chemistry. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 117 (1995) 85
112. Nakazawa J., Mizuki M., Shimazaki Y., Tani F., and Naruta Y. Encapsulation of small molecules by a cavitand porphyrin self-assembled via quadruple hydrogen bonds. Org. Lett. 8 (2006) 4275
113. Bong D.T., Clark T.D., Granja J.R., and Ghadiri M.R. Self-assembling organic nanotubes. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 40 (2001) 988
114. Bartik K., Luhmer M., Heyes S.J., Ottinger R., and Reisse J. Probing molecular cavities in α-cyclodextrin solutions by xenon NMR. J. Magn. Reson. B 109 (1995) 164
115. Song Y.-Q., Goodson B.M., Taylor R.E., Laws D.D., Navon G., and Pines A. Selective enhancement of NMR signals for alpha-cyclodextrin with laser-polarised xenon. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 36 (1997) 2368
116. Brouwer E.B., Enright G.D., and Ripmeester J.A. Solid-state NMR, diffraction studies of p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene nitrobenzene xenon. Chem. Commun. (1997) 939
117. 129Xe NMR. J. Incl. Phenom. Macrocycl. Chem. 58 (2007) 115
118. 129Xe NMR spectrum of xenon inside C60. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124 (2002) 6216
119. Stepien M., and Sessler J.L. A facile synthesis of cyclononatripyrroles. Org. Lett. 9 (2007) 4785
120. Fuhrmann G., Debaerdemaeker T., and Bäuerle P. C-C bond formation through oxidatively induced elimination of platinum complexes. A novel approach towards conjugated macrocycles. Chem. Commun. (2003) 948
121. Nakazawa J., Hagiwara J., Mizuki M., Shimazaki Y., Tani F., and Naruta Y. Size-selective, reversible encapsulation of single small hydrocarbon molecules by a cavitand-porphyrin species. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 44 (2005) 3744
122. Cram D.J., Tanner M.E., and Knobler C.B. Guest release, capture by hemicarcerands introduces the phenomenon of constrictive binding. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113 (1991) 7717
123. Gabard J., and Collet A. Synthesis of a (D3)-bis(cyclotriveratrylenyl) macrocage by stereospecific replication of a (C3)-subunit. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. (1981) 1137
124. The group of T. Holman has synthesized a cryptophane where the two CTV units are joined by an aromatic moiety instead of alkoxy linkers:. Mough S.T., Goeltz J.C., and Holman K.T. Isolation, structure of an 'imploded' cryptophane. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 43 (2004) 5631
125. 2O bridges can be considered as a cryptophane:. Cram D.J., Tanner M.E., Keipert S.J., and Knobler C.B. Two chiral [1.1.1]orthocyclophane units bridged by three biacetylene units as a host which binds medium-sized organic guests. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113 (1991) 8909
126. Collet A., Dutasta J.P., Lozach B., and Canceill J. Cyclotriveratrylenes, cryptophanes: their synthesis, applications to host-guest chemistry, to the design of new materials. Top. Curr. Chem. 165 (1993) 103
127. Holman K.T. Encyclopedia of Supramolecular Chemistry (2004), Marcel Dekker Inc., New York 340
128. 1H NMR study of the reversible trapping of xenon by cryptophane-A in organic solution. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 120 (1998) 784
129. 129Xe NMR of the consequences of the size of the host cavity for xenon encapsulation. Eur. J. Org. Chem. (2003) 973
130. Fogarty H.A., Berthault P., Brotin T., Huber G., Desvaux H., and Dutasta J.P. A cryptophane core optimized for xenon encapsulation. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129 (2007) 10332
131. Zimmermann H., Bader V., Poupko R., Wachtel E.J., and Luz Z. Mesomorphism, isomerization, dynamics in a new series of pyramidic liquid crystals. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124 (2002) 15286
132. Zimmermann H., Tolstoy P., Limbach H.H., Poupko R., and Luz Z. The saddle form of cyclotriveratrylene. J. Phys. Chem. B 108 (2004) 18772
133. Huber G., Brotin T., Dubois L., Desvaux H., Dutasta J.-P., and Berthault P. Water soluble cryptophanes showing unprecedented affinity for xenon: candidates as NMR-based biosensors. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128 (2006) 6239
134. Nicholls A., Sharp B., and Honig B. Protein folding and association: insights from the interfacial and thermodynamic properties of hydrocarbons. Proteins 11 (1991) 281
135. Hill P.A., Wei Q., Eckenhoff R.G., and Dmochowski I.J. Thermodynamics of xenon binding to cryptophane in water, human plasma. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129 (2007) 9262
136. Huber J.G., Dubois L., Desvaux H., Dutasta J., Brotin T., and Berthault P. NMR study of optically active monosubstituted cryptophanes, their interaction with xenon. J. Phys. Chem. A 108 (2004) 9608
137. Huber G., Beguin L., Desvaux H., Brotin T., Fogarty H., Dutasta J.-P., and Berthault P. Cryptophane-xenon complexes in organic solvents observed through NMR spectroscopy. J. Phys. Chem. A 112 (2008) 11363
138. Luhmer M., Goodson B.M., Song Y.-Q., Laws D.D., Kaiser L., Cyrier M.C., and Pines A. Study of xenon binding in cryptophane-A using laser-induced NMR polarization enhancement. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121 (1999) 3502
139. Sears D.N., and Jameson C.J. Theoretical calculations of the Xe chemical shifts in cryptophane cages. J. Chem. Phys. 119 (2003) 12231
140. Miyahara Y., Abe K., and Inazu T. "Molecular" molecular sieves: lid-free decamethylcucurbit[5]uril absorbs, desorbs gases selectively. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 41 (2002) 3020
141. El Haouaj M., Luhmer M., Ho Ko Y., Kim K., and Bartik K. NMR study of the reversible complexation of xenon by cucurbituril. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2 (2001) 804
142. Zhao J., Kim H.J., Oh J., Kim S.-Y., Lee J.W., Sakamoto S., Yamaguchi K., and Kim K. Cucurbit[n]uril derivatives soluble in water and organic solvents. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 40 (2001) 4233
143. 129Xe NMR-based biosensors. Chem. Commun. (2008) 2756
144. Mynar J., Lowery T., Wemmer D., Pines A., and Frechet J. Xenon biosensor amplification via dendrimer-cage supramolecular constructs. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128 (2006) 6334
145. Taylor K.M.L., Kim J.S., Rieter W.J., An H., Lin W., and Lin W. Mesoporous silica nanospheres as highly efficient MRI contrast agents. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130 (2008) 2154
146. Ito T., and Fraissard J. J. Chem. Phys. 76 (1982) 5225
147. 129Xe NMR chemical shift-pore size relationship in porous silica-based materials. Langmuir 18 (2002) 5653
148. 129Xe MRI, J. Mater. Chem., in press. doi:10.1039/b810253h.
149. 129Xe to solutions. Anal. Chem. 77 (2005) 4008
150. 129Xe under continuous flow: a method to study aqueous solutions of biomolecules. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 45 (2006) 7282
151. 129Xe: a compartmental model. NMR Biomed. 13 (2000) 238
152. Beckmann N., Cannet C., Karmouty-Quintana H., Tigani B., Zurbruegg S., Blé F.V., Crémillieux Y., and Trilieff A. Lung MRI for experimental drug research. Eur. J. Radiol. 64 (2007) 381
153. 129Xe. Magn. Reson. Med. 36 (1996) 183
154. 129Xe resonances in living rats. J. Magn. Reson. B 111 (1996) 300
155. 129Xe in the canine chest: spectral dynamics during a breath-hold. NMR Biomed. 13 (2000) 220
156. 129Xe diffusion MRI with lung morphometry. J. Appl. Physiol. 102 (2007) 1273
157. 129Xe MR Imaging of the oral cavity. J. Magn. Reson. B 111 (1996) 204
158. 129Xe longitudinal relaxation time in the rat brain with noise considerations. NMR Biomed. 21 (2008) 217
159. 129Xe dynamics in mouse lungs under spontaneous respiration for separate determination of lung functional parameters, relaxation time. Magn. Reson. Med. Sci. 5 (2006) 119
160. 129Xe in human brain analyzed by an uptake model. Magn. Reson. Med. 51 (2004) 843
161. Goodson B.M., Song Y.Q., Taylor R.E., Schepkin V.D., Brennan K.M., Chingas G.C., Budinger T.F., Navon G., and Pines A. In vivo NMR, MRI using injection delivery of laser-polarized xenon. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94 (1997) 14725
162. 129Xe dissolved in a lipid emulsion. Magn. Reson. Med. 41 (1999) 1058
163. 129Xe. C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris 4 (2001) 789
164. Riess J.G. Oxygen carriers ("blood substitutes") - Raison d'etre, chemistry, some physiology. Chem. Rev. 101 (2001) 2797
165. Venkatesh A.K., Zhao L., Balamore D., Jolesz F.A., and Albert M.S. Evaluation of carrier agents for hyperpolarized xenon MRI. NMR Biomed. 13 (2000) 245
166. Wolber J., Rowland I.J., Leach M.O., and Bifone A. Perfluorocarbon emulsions as intravenous delivery media for hyperpolarized xenon. Magn. Reson. Med. 41 (1999) 442
167. 129Xe dissolved in a perfluorooctyl bromide emulsion. J. Chem. Phys. 125 (2006) 044906
168. Wolber J., Cherubini A., Dzik-Jurasz A.S.K., Leach M.O., and Bifone A. Spin-lattice relaxation of laser-polarized xenon in human blood. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96 (1999) 3664
169. Cherubini A., and Bifone A. Hyperpolarised xenon in biology. Prog. NMR Spectrosc. 42 (2003) 1
170. Marion D.J.Y., Huber G., Berthault P., and Desvaux H. Observation of noise-triggered chaotic emissions in an NMR-maser. ChemPhysChem 9 (2008) 1395
171. Berthault P., Desvaux H., Le Goff G., and Pétro M. A simple way to properly invert intense nuclear magnetization: application to laser-polarized xenon. Chem. Phys. Lett. 314 (1999) 52
172. Spence M., Ruiz E., Rubin S., Lowery T., Winssinger N., Schultz P., Wemmer D., and Pines A. Development of a functionalized xenon biosensor. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126 (2004) 15287
173. Garcia S., Chavez L., Lowery T.J., Wemmer H.S.D.E., and Pines A. Sensitivity enhancement by exchange mediated magnetization transfer of the xenon biosensor signal. J. Magn. Reson. 184 (2007) 72
174. Haase A., Frahm J., Matthaei D., Hänicke W., and Merboldt K.D. FLASH imaging. Rapid NMR imaging using low flip-angle pulses. J. Magn. Reson. 67 (1986) 258
175. 129Xe NMR. J. Magn. Reson. B 113 (1996) 179
176. 13C MR angiography using trueFISP. Magn. Reson. Med. 50 (2003) 256
177. Cunningham C.H., Chen A.P., Albers M.J., Kurhanewicz J., Hurd R.E., Yen
178. 129Xe biosensors. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130 (2008) 16456
179. Zhou J., and van Zijl P.C.M. Chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging, spectroscopy. Prog. NMR Spectrosc. 48 (2006) 109
180. Aime S., Carrera C., Delli Castelli D., Geninatti Crich S., and Terreno E. Tunable imaging of cells labeled with MRI-PARACEST agents. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 44 (2005) 1813
181. Schröder L., Lowery T.J., Hilty C., Wemmer D.E., and Pines A. Molecular imaging using a targeted magnetic resonance hyperpolarized biosensor. Science 314 (2006) 446
182. Ciobanu L., Webb A., and Pennington C. Magnetic resonance imaging of biological cells. Prog. NMR Spectrosc. 42 (2003) 69
183. Lowery T.J., Garcia S., Chavez L., Ruiz E.J., Wu T., Brotin T., Dutasta J.P., King D.S., Schultz P.G., Pines A., and Wemmer D.E. Optimization of xenon biosensors for detection of protein interactions. ChemBioChem 7 (2006) 65
184. Hilty C., Lowery T.J., Wemmer D.E., and Pines A. Spectrally resolved magnetic resonance imaging of a xenon biosensor. Angew. Chem. 45 (2006) 70
185. Brotin T., Barbe R., Darzac M., and Dutasta J. Novel synthetic approach for optical resolution of cryptophanol-A: a direct access to chiral cryptophanes, their chiroptical properties. Chem. Eur. J. 9 (2003) 5784
186. 129Xe NMR biosensors for matrix metalloproteinase detection. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128 (2006) 13274
187. 129Xe-cryptophane biosensor complexed with human carbonic anhydrase II. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130 (2008) 6942
188. Roy V., Brotin T., Dutasta J.P., Charles M.-H., Delair T., Mallet F., Huber G., Desvaux H., Boulard Y., and Berthault P. A cryptophane biosensor for detection of specific nucleotide targets through xenon-NMR. ChemPhysChem 8 (2007) 2082