ERK dimers and scaffold proteins: Unexpected partners for a forgotten (cytoplasmic) task

Cell Cycle

Volumn 8, Issue 7, 2009, Pages 1007-1013

  Casar, Berta ^a   Pinto, Adán ^a   Crespo, Piero ^a  

^a University of Cantabria   (Spain)

Author keywords

ERK; ERK dimers; MAP kinases; Scaffold proteins; Signal transduction

Indexed keywords

MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 1; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 3; RAS PROTEIN; SCAFFOLD PROTEIN;

CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL MATURATION; CELL PROLIFERATION; CELL SURVIVAL; NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS; REVIEW;

EID: 65949095208     PISSN: 15384101     EISSN: 15514005     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4161/cc.8.7.8078     Document Type: Review

References (55)

1. Sturgill TW, Ray LB. Muscle proteins related to microtubule associated protein-2 are substrates for an insulin-stimulatable kinase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1986; 134:565-571 (Pubitemid 16070535)
2. Ray LB, Sturgill TW. Rapid stimulation by insulin of a serine/threonine kinase in 3T3-L1 adipocytes that phosphorylates microtubule-associated protein 2 in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1987; 84:1502-1506
3. Robinson MJ, Cobb MH. Mitogen-activated protein kinases pathways. Curr Opin Cell Biol 1997; 9:180-186
4. Raman M, Chen W, Cobb MH. Differential regulation and properties of MAPKs. Oncogene 2007; 26:3100-3112 (Pubitemid 46763006)
5. Shaul YD, Seger R. The MEK/ERK cascade: from signaling specificity to diverse functions. Biochim Biophys Acta 2007; 1773:1213-1226 (Pubitemid 47125968)
6. Chen RH, Sarnecki C, Blenis J. Nuclear localization and regulation of erk- and rsk-encoded protein kinases. Mol Cell Biol 1992; 12:915-927
7. Gonzalez FA, Seth A, Raden DL, Bowman DS, Fay FS, Davis RJ. Serum-induced translocation of mitogen-activated protein kinase to the cell surface ruffling membrane and the nucleus. J Cell Biol 1993; 122:1089-1101 (Pubitemid 23254176)
8. Lenormand P, Sardet C, Pages G, L'Allemain G, Brunet A, Pouyssegur J. Growth factors induce nuclear translocation of MAP kinases (p42mapk and p44mapk) but not of their activator MAP kinase kinase (p45mapkk) in fibroblasts. J Cell Biol 1993; 122:1079-1088 (Pubitemid 23254175)
9. Fukuda M, Gotoh Y, Nishida E. Interaction of MAP kinase with MAP kinase kinas: its possible role in the control of nucleocytoplasmic transport of MAP kinase. EMBO J 1997; 16:1901-1908. (Pubitemid 27170951)
10. Blanco-Aparicio C, Torres J, Pulido R. A novel regulatory mechanism of MAP kinases activation and nuclear translocation mediated by PKA and the PTP-SL tyrosine phosphatase. J Cell Biol 1999; 147:1129-1136 (Pubitemid 30012800)
11. Reszka AA, Seger R, Diltz CD, Krebs EG, Fischer EH. Association of mitogen-activated protein kinase with the microtubule cytoskeleton. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995; 92:8881-8885
12. Yoon S, Seger R. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase: multiple substrates regulate diverse cellular functions. Growth Factors 2006; 24:21-44. (Pubitemid 43108774)
13. Brunet A, Roux D, Lenormand P, Dowd S, Keyse S, Pouyssegur J. Nuclear translocation of p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase is required for growth factor-induced gene expression and cell cycle entry. EMBO J 1999; 18:664-674 (Pubitemid 29057251)
14. Cohen-Armon M, Visochek L, Rozensal D, Kalal A, Geistrikh I, Klein R, et al. DNA-independent PARP-1 activation by phosphorylated ERK2 increases Elk1 activity: a link to histone acetylation. Mol Cell 2007; 25:297-308.
15. Robinson MJ, Stippec SA, Goldsmith E, White MA, Cobb MH. A constitutively active and nuclear form of MAP kinase ERK2 is sufficient for neurite outgrowth and cell transformation. Curr Biol 1998; 8. (Pubitemid 28494712)
16. Fincham VJ, James M, Frame MC, Winder SJ. Active ERK/MAP kinase is targeted to newly forming cell-matrix adhesions by integrin engagement and v-Src. EMBO J 2000; 19:2911-2923 (Pubitemid 30386763)
17. Glading A, Uberall F, Keyse SM, Lauffenburger DA, Wells A. Membrane proximal ERK signaling is required for M-calpain activation downstream of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:23341-23348 (Pubitemid 37410717)
18. Teis D, Taub N, Kurzbauer R, Hilber D, de Araujo ME, Erlacher M, et al. p14-MP1-MEK1 signaling regulates endosomal traffic and cellular proliferation during tissue homeostasis. J Cell Biol 2006; 175:861-868
19. Acharya U, Mallabiabarrena A, Acharya JK, Malhotra V. Signaling via mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK1) is required for Golgi fragmentation during mitosis. Cell 1998; 92:183-192 (Pubitemid 28073042)
20. Ajenjo N, Canon E, Sanchez-Perez I, Matallanas D, Leon J, Perona R, et al. Subcellular localization determines the protective effects of activated ERK2 against distinct apoptogenic stimuli in myeloid leukemia cells. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:32813-32823
21. Formstecher E, Ramos JW, Fauquet M, Calderwood DA, Hsieh JC, Canton B, et al. PEA-15 mediates cytoplasmic sequestration of ERK MAP kinase. Dev Cell 2001; 1:239-250
22. Krueger J, Chou FL, Glading A, Schaefer E, Ginsberg MH. Phosphorylation of phosphoprotein enriched in astrocytes (PEA-15) regulates extracellular signal-regulated kinase-dependent transcription and cell proliferation. Mol Biol Cell 2005; 16:3552-3561 (Pubitemid 41077069)
23. Sturgill TW, Ray LB, Erikson E, Maller JL. Insulin-stimulated MAP-2 kinase phosphorylates and activates ribosomal protein S6 kinase II. Nature 1988; 334:715-718 (Pubitemid 18197572)
24. Lin L, Wartmann M, Lin AY, Knopf JL, Seth A, Davis RJ. cPLA2 is phosphorylated and activated by MAP kinase. Cell 1993; 72:269-278 (Pubitemid 23044941)
25. Mukhopadhyay NK, Price DJ, Kyriakis JM, Pelech S, Sanghera J, Avruch J. An array of insulin-activated, proline-directed serine/threonine protein kinases phosphorylate the p70 S6 kinase. J Biol Chem 1992; 267:3325-3335
26. Hoffmann R, Baillie GS, MacKenzie SJ, Yarwood SJ, Houslay MD. The MAP kinase ERK2 inhibits the cyclic AMP-specific phosphodiesterase HSPDE4D3 by phosphorylating it at Ser579. EMBO J 1999; 18:893-903. (Pubitemid 29082269)
27. Matsubayashi Y, Fukuda M, Nishida E. Evidence for existence of a nuclear pore complex-mediated, cytosol-independent pathway of nuclear translocation of ERK MAP kinase in permeabilized cells. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:41755-41760 (Pubitemid 37371070)
28. Whitehurst AW, Wilsbacher JL, You Y, Luby-Phelps K, Moore MS, Cobb MH. ERK2 enters the nucleus by a carrier-independent mechanism. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002; 99:7496-7501 (Pubitemid 34568719)
29. Chuderland D, Konson A, Seger R. Identification and characterization of a general nuclear translocation signal in signaling proteins. Mol Cell 2008; 31:850-861
30. Casar B, Sanz-Moreno V, Yazicioglu MN, Rodriguez J, Berciano MT, Lafarga M, et al. Mxi2 promotes stimulus-independent ERK nuclear translocation. EMBO J 2007; 26:635-646
31. Khokhlatchev AV, Canagarajah B, Wilsbacher J, Robinson M, Atkinson M, Goldsmith E, et al. Phosphorylation of the MAP kinase ERK2 promotes its homodimerization and nuclear translocation. Cell 1998; 93:605-615
32. Adachi M, Fukuda M, Nishida E. Two co-existing mechanisms for nuclear import of MAP kinase: passive diffusion of a monomer and active transport of a dimer. EMBO J 1999; 18:5347-5358 (Pubitemid 29465584)
33. Wolf I, Rubinfeld H, Yoon S, Marmor G, Hanoch T, Seger R. Involvement of the activation loop of ERK in the detachment from cytosolic anchoring. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:24490-24497 (Pubitemid 37412910)
34. Burack WR, Shaw AS. Live Cell Imaging of ERK and MEK: simple binding equilibrium explains the regulated nucleocytoplasmic distribution of ERK. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:3832-3837 (Pubitemid 40223853)
35. Philipova R, Whitaker M. Active ERK1 is dimerized in vivo: bisphosphodimers generate peak kinase activity and monophosphodimers maintain basal ERK1 activity. J Cell Sci 2005; 118:5767-5776 (Pubitemid 43079270)
36. Wilsbacher JL, Juang YC, Khokhlatchev AV, Gallagher E, Binns D, Goldsmith EJ, et al. Characterization of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) dimers. Biochemistry 2006; 45:13175-13182
37. Choi KY, Satterberg B, Lyons DM, Elion EA. Ste5 tethers multiple protein kinases in the MAP kinase cascade required for mating in S. cerevisiae. Cell 1994; 78:499-512. (Pubitemid 24250813)
38. Whitmarsh AJ, Cavanagh J, Tournier C, Yasuda J, Davis RJ. A mammalian scaffold complex that selectively mediates MAP kinase activation. Science 1998; 281:1671-1674 (Pubitemid 28435582)
39. Schaeffer HJ, Catling AD, Eblen ST, Collier LS, Krauss A, Weber MJ. MP1: a MEK binding partner that enhances enzymatic activation of the MAP kinase cascade. Science 1998; 281:1668-1671 (Pubitemid 28435581)
40. Morrison DK, Davis RJ. Regulation of MAP kinase signaling modules by scaffold proteins in mammals. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2003; 19:91-118. (Pubitemid 37487344)
41. Kolch W. Coordinating ERK/MAPK signalling through scaffolds and inhibitors. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2005; 6:827-837 (Pubitemid 41568732)
42. Dhanasekaran DN, Kashef K, Lee CM, Xu H, Reddy EP. Scaffold proteins of MAP-kinase modules. Oncogene 2007; 26:3185-3202 (Pubitemid 46763014)
43. Matheny SA, Chen C, Kortum RL, Razidlo GL, Lewis RE, White MA. Ras regulates assembly of mitogenic signalling complexes through the effector protein IMP. Nature 2004; 427:256-260 (Pubitemid 38112042)
44. Teis D, Wunderlich W, Huber LA. Localization of the MP1-MAPK scaffold complex to endosomes is mediated by p14 and required for signal transduction. Dev Cell 2002; 3:803-814
45. Torii S, Kusakabe M, Yamamoto T, Maekawa M, Nishida E. Sef is a spatial regulator for Ras/MAP kinase signaling. Dev Cell 2004; 7:33-44. (Pubitemid 39172686)
46. Ishibe S, Joly D, Zhu X, Cantley LG. Phosphorylation-dependent paxillin-ERK association mediates hepatocyte growth factor-stimulated epithelial morphogenesis. Mol Cell 2003; 12:1275-1285 (Pubitemid 37487934)
47. Lee T, Hoofnagle AN, Kabuyama Y, Stroud J, Min X, Goldsmith EJ, et al. Docking motif interactions in MAP kinases revealed by hydrogen exchange mass spectrometry. Mol Cell 2004; 14:43-55.
48. Jacobs D, Glossip D, Xing H, Muslin AJ, Kornfeld K. Multiple docking sites on substrate proteins form a modular system that mediates recognition by ERK MAP kinase. Genes Dev 1999; 13:163-175 (Pubitemid 29061947)
49. Casar B, Pinto A, Crespo P. Essential role of ERK dimers in the activation of cytoplasmic but not nuclear substrates by ERK-scaffold complexes. Mol Cell 2008; 31:708-721
50. Tanoue T, Adachi M, Moriguchi T, Nishida E. A conserved docking motif in MAP kinases common to substrates, activators and regulators. Nat Cell Biol 2000; 2:110-116
51. Sugimoto T, Stewart S, Han M, Guan KL. The kinase suppressor of Ras (KSR) modulates growth factor and Ras signaling by uncoupling Elk-1 phosphorylation from MAP kinase activation. EMBO J 1998; 17:1717-1727 (Pubitemid 28119125)
52. DeFea KA, Zalevsky J, Thoma MS, Dery O, Mullins RD, Bunnett NW. beta-arrestin-dependent endocytosis of proteinase-activated receptor 2 is required for intracellular targeting of activated ERK1/2. J Cell Biol 2000; 148:1267-1281
53. Tohgo A, Pierce KL, Choy EW, Lefkowitz RJ, Luttrell LM. beta-Arrestin scaffolding of the ERK cascade enhances cytosolic ERK activity but inhibits ERK-mediated transcription following angiotensin AT1a receptor stimulation. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:9429-9436
54. Levchenko A, Bruck J, Sternberg PW. Scaffold proteins may biphasically affect the levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling and reduce its threshold properties. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000; 97:5818-5823 (Pubitemid 30367482)
55. Roberts PJ, Der CJ. Targeting the Raf-MEK-ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade for the treatment of cancer. Oncogene 2007; 26:3291-3310