Regulation of transcription factors by heterotrimeric G proteins

Current Molecular Pharmacology

Volumn 2, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 19-31

  Ho, M K C ^a   Su, Y ^a   Yeung, W W S ^a   Wong, Y H ^a  

^a HONG KONG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Hong Kong)

Author keywords

GPCR; Heterotrimeric G proteins; Signal integration; Transcriptional regulation

Indexed keywords

G PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTOR; GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE BINDING PROTEIN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN; PROTEIN G BETAGAMMA; PROTEIN SUBUNIT; STAT3 PROTEIN; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; CYCLIC AMP RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING PROTEIN; HETEROTRIMERIC GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE BINDING PROTEIN; PROTEIN C FOS; PROTEIN C JUN; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR NFAT;

ARTICLE; CELL TYPE; GENE EXPRESSION; GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN FAMILY; PROTEIN FUNCTION; ANIMAL; METABOLISM; MOUSE; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

ANIMALS; CYCLIC AMP RESPONSE ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEIN; HETEROTRIMERIC GTP-BINDING PROTEINS; HUMANS; MICE; NF-KAPPA B; NFATC TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-FOS; PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-JUN; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; STAT3 TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS;

EID: 65549119281     PISSN: 18744672     EISSN: 18744702     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/1874467210902010019     Document Type: Article

References (147)

1. Andrisani, O. M. CREB-mediated transcriptional control. Crit. Rev. Eukaryot. Gene Expr. 1999, 9, 19-32.
2. Bacskai, B. J.; Hochner, B.; Mahaut-Smith, M.; Adams, S. R.; Kaang, B. K.; Kandel, E. R.; Tsien, R. Y. Spatially resolved dynamics of cAMP and protein kinase A subunits in Aplysia sensory neurons. Science 1993, 260, 222-226.
3. Don, J.; Stelzer, G. The expanding family of CREB/CREM transcription factors that are involved with spermatogenesis. Mol. Cell Endocrinol. 2002, 187, 115-124.
4. Walker, W. H.; Daniel, P. B.; Habener, J. F. Inducible cAMP early repressor ICER down-regulation of CREB gene expression in Sertoli cells. Mol. Cell Endocrinol. 1998, 143, 167-178.
5. Goldspink, P. H.; Russell, B. The cAMP response element binding protein is expressed and phosphorylated in cardiac myocytes. Circ. Res. 1994, 74, 1042-1049.
6. Greengard, P.; Allen, P. B.; Nairn, A. C. Beyond the dopamine receptor: the DARPP-32/protein phosphatase-1 cascade. Neuron 1999, 23, 435-447.
7. Shaywitz, A. J.; Greenberg, M. E. CREB: a stimulus-induced transcription factor activated by a diverse array of extracellular signals. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 1999, 68, 821-861.
8. Liu, F. C.; Graybiel, A. M. Spatiotemporal dynamics of CREB phosphorylation: transient versus sustained phosphorylation in the developing striatum. Neuron 1996, 17, 1133-1144.
9. Giordano, A.; Avantaggiati, M. L. p300 and CBP: partners for life and death. J. Cell Physiol. 1999, 181, 218-230.
10. Sterner, D. E.; Berger, S. L. Acetylation of histones and transcription-related factors. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 2000, 64, 435-459.
11. Kasbohm, E. A.; Guo, R.; Yowell, C. W.; Bagchi, G.; Kelly, P.; Arora, P.; Casey, P. J.; Daaka, Y. Androgen receptor activation by Gs signaling in prostate cancer cells. J. Biol. Chem. 2005, 280, 11583-11589.
12. Fu, M.; Wang, C.; Reutens, A. T.; Wang, J.; Angeletti, R. H.; Siconolfi-Baez, L.; Ogryzko, V.; Avantaggiati, M. L.; Pestell, R. G. p300 and p300/cAMP-response element-binding protein-associated factor acetylate the androgen receptor at sites governing hormone-dependent transactivation. J. Biol. Chem. 2000, 275, 20853-20860.
13. Ko, L.; Cardona, G. R.; Henrion-Caude, A.; Chin, W. W. Identification and characterization of a tissue-specific coactivator, GT198, that interacts with the DNA-binding domains of nuclear receptors. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2002, 22, 357-369.
14. Kawasaki, H.; Springett, G. M.; Mochizuki, N.; Toki, S.; Nakaya, M.; Matsuda, M.; Housman, D. E.; Graybiel, A. M. A family of cAMP-binding proteins that directly activate Rap1. Science 1998, 282, 2275-2279.
15. de Rooij, J.; Zwartkruis, F. J.; Verheijen, M. H.; Cool, R. H.; Nijman, S. M.; Wittinghofer, A.; Bos, J. L. Epac is a Rap1 guanine-nucleotide-exchange factor directly activated by cyclic AMP. Nature 1998, 396, 474-477.
16. Arthur, W. T.; Quilliam, L. A.; Cooper, J. A. Rap1 promotes cell spreading by localizing Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factors. J. Cell Biol. 2004, 167, 111-122.
17. Dodge-Kafka, K. L.; Soughayer, J.; Pare, G. C.; Carlisle Michel, J. J.; Langeberg, L. K.; Kapiloff, M. S.; Scott, J. D. The protein kinase A anchoring protein mAKAP coordinates two integrated cAMP effector pathways. Nature 2005, 437, 574-578.
18. Pare, G. C.; Bauman, A. L.; McHenry, M.; Michel, J. J.; Dodge-Kafka, K. L.; Kapiloff, M. S. The mAKAP complex participates in the induction of cardiac myocyte hypertrophy by adrenergic receptor signaling. J. Cell Sci. 2005, 118, 5637-5646.
19. Pearson, G.; English, J. M.; White, M. A.; Cobb, M. H. ERK5 and ERK2 cooperate to regulate NF-κB and cell transformation. J. Biol. Chem. 2001, 276, 7927-7931.
20. Marinissen, M. J.; Chiariello, M.; Pallante, M.; Gutkind, J. S. A network of mitogen-activated protein kinases links G protein-coupled receptors to the cjun promoter: a role for c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase, p38s, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5. Mol.Cell. Biol. 1999, 19, 4289-4301.
21. Kato, Y.; Kravchenko, V. V.; Tapping, R. I.; Han, J.; Ulevitch, R. J.; Lee, J. D. BMK1/ERK5 regulates serum-induced early gene expression through transcription factor MEF2C. EMBO J. 1997, 16, 7054-7066.
22. Terasawa, K.; Okazaki, K.; Nishida, E. Regulation of c-Fos and Fra-1 by the MEK5-ERK5 pathway. Genes Cells 2003, 8, 263-273.
23. Liu, A. M.; Lo, R. K.; Wong, C. S.; Morris, C.; Wise, H.; Wong, Y. H. Activation of STAT3 by Gαs distinctively requires protein kinase A, JNK, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. J. Biol. Chem. 2006, 281, 35812-35825.
24. Kam, A. Y.; Tse, T. T.; Kwan, D. H.; Wong, Y. H. Formyl peptide receptor like 1 differentially requires mitogen-activated protein kinases for the induction of glial fibrillary acidic protein and interleukin-1α in human U87 astrocytoma cells. Cell Signal. 2007, 19, 2106-2117.
25. Kam, A. Y.; Liu, A. M.; Wong, Y. H. Formyl peptide-receptor like-1 requires lipid raft and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase to activate inhibitor-κB kinase in human U87 astrocytoma cells. J. Neurochem. 2007, 103, 1553-1566.
26. Law, P. Y.; Wong, Y. H.; Loh, H. H. Molecular mechanisms and regulation of opioid receptor signaling. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 2000, 40, 389-430.
27. Liu, A. M.; Wong, Y. H. μ-opioid receptor-mediated phosphorylation of IκB kinase in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Neurosignals 2005, 14, 136-142.
28. Chan, A. S.; Wong, Y. H. Regulation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase by the ORL1 receptor through multiple G proteins. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 2000, 295, 1094-1100.
29. Kam, A. Y.; Chan, A. S.; Wong, Y. H. Rac and Cdc42-dependent regulation of c-Jun N-terminal kinases by the δ-opioid receptor. J. Neurochem. 2003, 84, 503-513.
30. Kam, A. Y.; Chan, A. S.; Wong, Y. H. Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase is distinctively required for μ-, but not κ-opioid receptor-induced activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase. J. Neurochem. 2004, 89, 391-402.
31. Chen, Y. L.; Law, P. Y.; Loh, H. H. Nuclear factor κB signaling in opioid functions and receptor gene expression. J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2006, 1, 270-279.
32. Wu, E. H.; Wong, Y. H. Pertussis toxin-sensitive Gi/o proteins are involved in nerve growth factor-induced pro-survival Akt signaling cascade in PC12 cells. Cell Signal. 2005, 17, 881-890.
33. Astrinidis, A.; Henske, E. P. Tuberous sclerosis complex: linking growth and energy signaling pathways with human disease. Oncogene 2005, 24, 7475-7481.
34. Wu, E. H.; Wong, Y. H. Involvement of Gi/o proteins in nerve growth factor-stimulated phosphorylation and degradation of tuberin in PC-12 cells and cortical neurons. Mol. Pharmacol. 2005, 67, 1195-1205.
35. Wu, E. H.; Wong, Y. H. Activation of muscarinic M4 receptor augments NGF-induced pro-survival Akt signaling in PC12 cells. Cell Signal. 2006, 18, 285-293.
36. Wu, E. H.; Wong, Y. H. Activation of δ-,κ-, and μ-opioid receptors induces phosphorylation of tuberin in transfected HEK 293 cells and native cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2005, 334, 838-844.
37. Ram, P. T.; Horvath, C. M.; Iyengar, R. Stat3-mediated transformation of NIH-3T3 cells by the constitutively active Q205L Gαo protein. Science (New York, N.Y.) 2000, 287, 142-144.
38. He, J. C.; Gomes, I.; Nguyen, T.; Jayaram, G.; Ram, P. T.; Devi, L. A.; Iyengar, R. The Gαo/i-coupled cannabinoid receptor-mediated neurite out-growth involves Rap regulation of Src and Stat3. J. Biol. Chem. 2005, 280, 33426-33434.
39. o with Rap1 GTPase-activating protein. J. Biol. Chem. 1999, 274, 21507-21510.
40. o/i-triggered proteasomal degradation of Rap1GAPII. J. Biol. Chem. 2005, 280, 11413-11421.
41. Fricker, A. D.; Rios, C.; Devi, L. A.; Gomes, I. Serotonin receptor activation leads to neurite outgrowth and neuronal survival. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 2005, 138, 228-235.
42. Wang, H. Y.; Malbon, C. C. Wnt-frizzled signaling to G-protein-coupled effectors. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 2004, 61, 69-75.
43. Slusarski, D. C.; Corces, V. G.; Moon, R. T. Interaction of Wnt and a Frizzled homologue triggers G-protein-linked phosphatidylinositol signalling. Nature 1997, 390, 410-413.
44. t. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1999, 96, 14383-14388.
45. Ruiz-Gomez, A.; Molnar, C.; Holguin, H.; Mayor, F., Jr.; de Celis, J. F. The cell biology of Smo signalling and its relationships with GPCRs. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 2007, 1768, 901-912.
46. Riobo, N. A.; Saucy, B.; Dilizio, C.; Manning, D. R. Activation of heterotrimeric G proteins by Smoothened. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2006, 103, 12607-12612.
47. Chen, W.; Ren, X. R.; Nelson, C. D.; Barak, L. S.; Chen, J. K.; Beachy, P. A.; de Sauvage, F.; Lefkowitz, R. J. Activity-dependent internalization of smoothened mediated by β-arrestin 2 and GRK2. Science (New York, N.Y.) 2004, 306, 2257-2260.
48. Lefkowitz, R. J.; Shenoy, S. K. Transduction of receptor signals by β-arrestins. Science 2005, 308, 512-517.
49. Epstein, D. J.; Marti, E.; Scott, M. P.; McMahon, A. P. Antagonizing cAMP-dependent protein kinase A in the dorsal CNS activates a conserved Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway. Development 1996, 122, 2885-2894.
50. Riobo, N. A.; Haines, G. M.; Emerson, C. P., Jr. Protein kinase C-δ and mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1 control GLI activation in hedgehog signaling. Cancer Res. 2006, 66, 839-845.
51. Riobo, N. A.; Lu, K.; Ai, X.; Haines, G. M.; Emerson, C. P., Jr. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase and Akt are essential for Sonic Hedgehog signaling. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2006, 103, 4505-4510.
52. Fan, X.; Brass, L. F.; Poncz, M.; Spitz, F.; Maire, P.; Manning, D. R. The α subunits of Gz and Gi interact with the eyes absent transcription cofactor Eya2, preventing its interaction with the six class of homeodomain-containing proteins. J. Biol. Chem. 2000, 275, 32129-32134.
53. Embry, A. C.; Glick, J. L.; Linder, M. E.; Casey, P. J. Reciprocal signaling between the transcriptional co-factor Eya2 and specific members of the Gαi family. Mol. Pharmacol. 2004, 66, 1325-1331.
54. Heanue, T. A.; Reshef, R.; Davis, R. J.; Mardon, G.; Oliver, G.; Tomarev, S.; Lassar, A. B.; Tabin, C. J. Synergistic regulation of vertebrate muscle development by Dach2, Eya2, and Six1, homologs of genes required for Drosophila eye formation. Genes Dev. 1999, 13, 3231-3243.
55. Lok, K. C.; Fu, A. K.; Ip, F. C.; Wong, Y. H.; Ip, N. Y. NRG induces membrane targeting of Gαz in muscle: implication in myogenesis. Neuroreport 2007, 18, 1433-1436.
56. Meng, J.; Glick, J. L.; Polakis, P.; Casey, P. J. Functional interaction between Gαz and Rap1GAP suggests a novel form of cellular cross-talk. J. Biol. Chem. 1999, 274, 36663-36669.
57. Pizon, V.; Mechali, F.; Baldacci, G. RAP1A GTP/GDP cycles determine the intracellular location of the late endocytic compartments and contribute to myogenic differentiation. Exp. Cell Res. 1999, 246, 56-68.
58. Xie, P.; Browning, D. D.; Hay, N.; Mackman, N.; Ye, R. D. Activation of NF-B by bradykinin through a Gαq-and Gβγ-dependent pathway that involves phosphoinositide 3-kinase and Akt. J. Biol. Chem. 2000, 275, 24907-24914.
59. Casarosa, P.; Bakker, R. A.; Verzijl, D.; Navis, M.; Timmerman, H.; Leurs, R.; Smit, M. J. Constitutive signaling of the human cytomegalovirus-encoded chemokine receptor US28. J. Biol. Chem. 2001, 276, 1133-1137.
60. Kuhn, D. E.; Beall, C. J.; Kolattukudy, P. E. The cytomegalovirus US28 protein binds multiple CC chemokines with high affinity. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 1995, 211, 325-330.
61. Bueno, C.; Lemke, C. D.; Criado, G.; Baroja, M. L.; Ferguson, S. S.; Rahman, A. K.; Tsoukas, C. D.; McCormick, J. K.; Madrenas, J. Bacterial super- antigens bypass Lck-dependent T cell receptor signaling by activating a Gα11-dependent, PLC-beta-mediated pathway. Immunity 2006, 25, 67-78.
62. Stanners, J.; Kabouridis, P. S.; McGuire, K. L.; Tsoukas, C. D. Interaction between G proteins and tyrosine kinases upon T cell receptor.CD3-mediated signaling. J. Biol. Chem. 1995, 270, 30635-30642.
63. Zhou, J.; Stanners, J.; Kabouridis, P.; Han, H.; Tsoukas, C. D. Inhibition of TCR/CD3-mediated signaling by a mutant of the hematopoietically expressed G16 GTP-binding protein. Eur. J. Immunol. 1998, 28, 1645-1655.
64. Santagata, S.; Boggon, T. J.; Baird, C. L.; Gomez, C. A.; Zhao, J.; Shan, W. S.; Myszka, D. G.; Shapiro, L. G-protein signaling through tubby proteins. Science 2001, 292, 2041-2050.
65. Ikeda, A.; Nishina, P. M.; Naggert, J. K. The tubby-like proteins, a family with roles in neuronal development and function. J. Cell Sci. 2002, 115, 9-14.
66. Mukhopadhyay, A.; Pan, X.; Lambright, D. G.; Tissenbaum, H. A. An endocytic pathway as a target of tubby for regulation of fat storage. EMBO Rep. 2007, 8, 931-938.
67. Wilkie, T. M.; Scherle, P. A.; Strathmann, M. P.; Slepak, V. Z.; Simon, M. I. Characterization of G-protein alpha subunits in the Gq class: expression in murine tissues and in stromal and hematopoietic cell lines. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1991, 88, 10049-10053.
68. Mody, S. M.; Ho, M. K.; Joshi, S. A.; Wong, Y. H. Incorporation of Gαz-specific sequence at the carboxyl terminus increases the promiscuity of Gα16 toward Gi-coupled receptors. Mol. Pharmacol. 2000, 57, 13-23.
69. Ho, M. K.; Yung, L. Y.; Chan, J. S.; Chan, J. H.; Wong, C. S.; Wong, Y. H. Gα14 links a variety of Gi-and Gs-coupled receptors to the stimulation of phospholipase C. Br. J. Pharmacol. 2001, 132, 1431-1440.
70. Liu, A. M.; Wong, Y. H. Activation of nuclear factor κB by somatostatin type 2 receptor in pancreatic acinar AR42J cells involves Gα14 and multiple signaling components: a mechanism requiring protein kinase C, calmodulin-dependent kinase II, ERK, and c-Src. J. Biol. Chem. 2005, 280, 34617-34625.
71. Lo, R. K.; Wong, Y. H. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activation by the δ-opioid receptor via G 14 involves multiple intermediates. Mol. Pharmacol. 2004, 65, 1427-1439.
72. Offermanns, S.; Simon, M. I. Gα15 and Gα16 couple a wide variety of receptors to phospholipase C. J. Biol. Chem. 1995, 270, 15175-15180.
73. Lee, J. W.; Joshi, S.; Chan, J. S.; Wong, Y. H. Differential coupling of μ-, δ-, and κ-opioid receptors to Gα16-mediated stimulation of phospholipase C. J. Neurochem. 1998, 70, 2203-2211.
74. Yang, M.; Sang, H.; Rahman, A.; Wu, D.; Malik, A. B.; Ye, R. D. Gα16 couples chemoattractant receptors to NF-B activation. J. Immunol. 2001, 166, 6885-6892.
75. Wong, Y. H.; Conklin, B. R.; Bourne, H. R. Gz-mediated hormonal inhibition of cyclic AMP accumulation. Science 1992, 255, 339-342.
76. Liu, A. M.; Wong, Y. H. G16-mediated activation of nuclear factor B by the adenosine A1 receptor involves c-Src, protein kinase C, and ERK signaling. J. Biol. Chem. 2004, 279, 53196-53204.
77. Wu, E. H.; Lo, R. K.; Wong, Y. H. Regulation of STAT3 activity by G16-coupled receptors. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 2003, 303, 920-925.
78. Lo, R. K.; Cheung, H.; Wong, Y. H. Constitutively active Gα16 stimulates STAT3 via a c-Src/JAK-and ERK-dependent mechanism. J. Biol. Chem. 2003, 278, 52154-52165.
79. Lo, R. K.; Wong, Y. H. Transcriptional activation of c-Fos by constitutively active Gα16QL through a STAT1-dependent pathway. Cell Signal. 2006, 18, 2143-2153.
80. Lo, R. K.; Wise, H.; Wong, Y. H. Prostacyclin receptor induces STAT1 and STAT3 phosphorylations in human erythroleukemia cells: a mechanism requiring PTX-insensitive G proteins, ERK and JNK. Cell Signal. 2006, 18, 307-317.
81. Marty, C.; Browning, D. D.; Ye, R. D. Identification of tetratricopeptide repeat 1 as an adaptor protein that interacts with heterotrimeric G proteins and the small GTPase Ras. Mol. Cell Biol. 2003, 23, 3847-3858.
82. Jiang, H.; Wu, D.; Simon, M. I. The transforming activity of activated Gα12. FEBS Lett. 1993, 330, 319-322.
83. Chan, A. M.; Fleming, T. P.; McGovern, E. S.; Chedid, M.; Miki, T.; Aaronson, S. A. Expression cDNA cloning of a transforming gene encoding the wild-type Gα12 gene product. Mol. Cell Biol. 1993, 13, 762-768.
84. Xu, N.; Bradley, L.; Ambdukar, I.; Gutkind, J. S. A mutant α subunit of Gα12 potentiates the eicosanoid pathway and is highly oncogenic in NIH 3T3 cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1993, 90, 6741-6745.
85. Vara Prasad, M. V.; Shore, S. K.; Dhanasekaran, N. Activated mutant of Gα13 induces Egr-1, c-fos, and transformation in NIH 3T3 cells. Oncogene 1994, 9, 2425-2429.
86. Voyno-Yasenetskaya, T. A.; Pace, A. M.; Bourne, H. R. Mutant alpha subunits of Gα12 and Gα13 proteins induce neoplastic transformation of Rat-1 fibroblasts. Oncogene 1994, 9, 2559-2565.
87. Xu, N.; Voyno-Yasenetskaya, T.; Gutkind, J. S. Potent transforming activity of the Gα13 subunit defines a novel family of oncogenes. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 1994, 201, 603-609.
88. Goulimari, P.; Kitzing, T. M.; Knieling, H.; Brandt, D. T.; Offermanns, S.; Grosse, R. Gα12/13 is essential for directed cell migration and localized Rho-Dia1 function. J. Biol. Chem. 2005, 280, 42242-42251.
89. Melnychuk, R. M.; Streblow, D. N.; Smith, P. P.; Hirsch, A. J.; Pancheva, D.; Nelson, J. A. Human cytomegalovirus-encoded G protein-coupled receptor US28 mediates smooth muscle cell migration through Gα12. J. Virol. 2004, 78, 8382-8391.
90. Sugimoto, N.; Takuwa, N.; Okamoto, H.; Sakurada, S.; Takuwa, Y. Inhibitory and stimulatory regulation of Rac and cell motility by the Gα12/13-Rho and Gi pathways integrated downstream of a single G protein-coupled sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor isoform. Mol. Cell Biol. 2003, 23, 1534-1545.
91. Denis-Henriot, D.; de Mazancourt, P.; Morot, M.; Giudicelli, Y. Mutant - subunit of the G protein Gα12 activates proliferation and inhibits differentiation of 3T3-F442A preadipocytes. Endocrinology 1998, 139, 2892-2899.
92. Jho, E. H.; Malbon, C. C. Gα12 and Gα13 mediate differentiation of P19 mouse embryonal carcinoma cells in response to retinoic acid. J. Biol. Chem. 1997, 272, 24461-24467.
93. Fukuhara, S.; Chikumi, H.; Gutkind, J. S. Leukemia-associated Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (LARG) links heterotrimeric G proteins of the Gα12 family to Rho. FEBS Lett. 2000, 485, 183-188.
94. Fukuhara, S.; Murga, C.; Zohar, M.; Igishi, T.; Gutkind, J. S. A novel PDZ domain containing guanine nucleotide exchange factor links heterotrimeric G proteins to Rho. J. Biol. Chem. 1999, 274, 5868-5879.
95. Hart, M. J.; Jiang, X.; Kozasa, T.; Roscoe, W.; Singer, W. D.; Gilman, A. G.; Sternweis, P. C.; Bollag, G. Direct stimulation of the guanine nucleotide exchange activity of p115 RhoGEF by Gα13. Science 1998, 280, 2112-2114.
96. Fromm, C.; Coso, O. A.; Montaner, S.; Xu, N.; Gutkind, J. S. The small GTP-binding protein Rho links G protein-coupled receptors and Gα12 to the serum response element and to cellular transformation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1997, 94, 10098-10103.
97. Mao, J.; Yuan, H.; Xie, W.; Simon, M. I.; Wu, D. Specific involvement of G proteins in regulation of serum response factor-mediated gene transcription by different receptors. J. Biol. Chem. 1998, 273, 27118-27123.
98. Kvachnina, E.; Liu, G.; Dityatev, A.; Renner, U.; Dumuis, A.; Richter, D. W.; Dityateva, G.; Schachner, M.; Voyno-Yasenetskaya, T. A.; Ponimaskin, E. G. 5-HT7 receptor is coupled to G subunits of heterotrimeric G12-protein to regulate gene transcription and neuronal morphology. J. Neurosci. 2005, 25, 7821-7830.
99. Collins, L. R.; Minden, A.; Karin, M.; Brown, J. H. Gα12 stimulates c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase through the small G proteins Ras and Rac. J. Biol. Chem. 1996, 271, 17349-17353.
100. Dermott, J. M.; Ha, J. H.; Lee, C. H.; Dhanasekaran, N. Differential regulation of Jun N-terminal kinase and p38MAP kinase by Gα12. Oncogene 2004, 23, 226-232.
101. Kashef, K.; Lee, C. M.; Ha, J. H.; Reddy, E. P.; Dhanasekaran, D. N. JNK-interacting leucine zipper protein is a novel scaffolding protein in the Gα13 signaling pathway. Biochemistry 2005, 44, 14090-14096.
102. Voyno-Yasenetskaya, T. A.; Faure, M. P.; Ahn, N. G.; Bourne, H. R. Gα12 and Gα13 regulate extracellular signal-regulated kinase and c-Jun kinase pathways by different mechanisms in COS-7 cells. J. Biol. Chem. 1996, 271, 21081-21087.
103. Radhika, V.; Hee Ha, J.; Jayaraman, M.; Tsim, S. T.; Dhanasekaran, N. Mitogenic signaling by lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) involves Gα12. Oncogene 2005, 24, 4597-4603.
104. Shumay, E.; Tao, J.; Wang, H. Y.; Malbon, C. C. Lysophosphatidic acid regulates trafficking of β2-adrenergic receptors: the Gα13/p115RhoGEF/JNK pathway stimulates receptor internalization. J. Biol. Chem. 2007, 282, 21529-21541.
105. Marinissen, M. J.; Servitja, J. M.; Offermanns, S.; Simon, M. I.; Gutkind, J. S. Thrombin protease-activated receptor-1 signals through Gq- and G13- initiated MAPK cascades regulating c-Jun expression to induce cell transformation. J. Biol. Chem. 2003, 278, 46814-46825.
106. Nishida, M.; Tanabe, S.; Maruyama, Y.; Mangmool, S.; Urayama, K.; Nagamatsu, Y.; Takagahara, S.; Turner, J. H.; Kozasa, T.; Kobayashi, H.; Sato, Y.; Kawanishi, T.; Inoue, R.; Nagao, T.; Kurose, H. Gα12/13-and reactive oxygen species-dependent activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase by angiotensin receptor stimulation in rat neonatal cardiomyocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 2005, 280, 18434-18441.
107. Ki, S. H.; Choi, M. J.; Lee, C. H.; Kim, S. G. Gα12 specifically regulates COX-2 induction by sphingosine 1-phosphate. Role for JNK-dependent ubiquitination and degradation of IκBα. J. Biol. Chem. 2007, 282, 1938-1947.
108. Aragay, A. M.; Collins, L. R.; Post, G. R.; Watson, A. J.; Feramisco, J. R.; Brown, J. H.; Simon, M. I. G12 requirement for thrombin-stimulated gene expression and DNA synthesis in 1321N1 astrocytoma cells. J. Biol. Chem. 1995, 270, 20073-20077.
109. Collins, L. R.; Ricketts, W. A.; Olefsky, J. M.; Brown, J. H. The G12 coupled thrombin receptor stimulates mitogenesis through the Shc SH2 domain. Oncogene 1997, 15, 595-600.
110. Yamakaw, K.; Kitamura, K.; Nonoguchi, H.; Takasu, N.; Miller, R. T.; Tomita, K. Gα13 induces preproET-1 gene expression via JNK. Hypertens. Res. 2002, 25, 427-432.
111. Fujii, T.; Onohara, N.; Maruyama, Y.; Tanabe, S.; Kobayashi, H.; Fukutomi, M.; Nagamatsu, Y.; Nishihara, N.; Inoue, R.; Sumimoto, H.; Shibasaki, F.; Nagao, T.; Nishida, M.; Kurose, H. Gα12/13-mediated production of reactive oxygen species is critical for angiotensin receptor-induced NFAT activation in cardiac fibroblasts. J. Biol. Chem. 2005, 280, 23041-23047.
112. Nishida, M.; Onohara, N.; Sato, Y.; Suda, R.; Ogushi, M.; Tanabe, S.; Inoue, R.; Mori, Y.; Kurose, H. Gα12/13-mediated up-regulation of TRPC6 negatively regulates endothelin-1-induced cardiac myofibroblast formation and collagen synthesis through nuclear factor of activated T cells activation. J. Biol. Chem. 2007, 282, 23117-23128.
113. Kelly, P.; Casey, P. J.; Meigs, T. E. Biologic functions of the Gα12 subfamily of heterotrimeric G proteins: growth, migration, and metastasis. Biochemistry 2007, 46, 6677-6687.
114. Kumar, R. N.; Shore, S. K.; Dhanasekaran, N. Neoplastic transformation by the gep oncogene, Gα12, involves signaling by STAT3. Oncogene 2006, 25, 899-906.
115. Meigs, T. E.; Fields, T. A.; McKee, D. D.; Casey, P. J. Interaction of Gα12 and Gα13 with the cytoplasmic domain of cadherin provides a mechanism for β-catenin release. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2001, 98, 519-524.
116. ctn regulation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2004, 101, 10314-10319.
117. Brembeck, F. H.; Rosario, M.; Birchmeier, W. Balancing cell adhesion and Wnt signaling, the key role of β-catenin. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 2006, 16, 51-59.
118. Meyer, T. N.; Hunt, J.; Schwesinger, C.; Denker, B. M. Gα12 regulates epithelial cell junctions through Src tyrosine kinases. Am. J. Physiol. 2003, 285, C1281-1293.
119. Hosking, C. R.; Ulloa, F.; Hogan, C.; Ferber, E. C.; Figueroa, A.; Gevaert, K.; Birchmeier, W.; Briscoe, J.; Fujita, Y. The transcriptional repressor Glis2 is a novel binding partner for p120 catenin. Mol. Biol. Cell 2007, 18, 1918-1927.
120. ctn interacts with Kaiso, a novel BTB/POZ domain zinc finger transcription factor. Mol. Cell Biol. 1999, 19, 3614-3623.
121. ctn and induces tumor cell migration and invasion. Cancer Res. 2006, 66, 10007-10015.
122. ctn complexes in cancer? Nat. Rev. Cancer 2005, 5, 956-964.
123. 5 subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein during adipogenesis. EMBO J. 1999, 18, 4004-4012.
124. Kim, S. W.; Muise, A. M.; Lyons, P. J.; Ro, H. S. Regulation of adipogenesis by a transcriptional repressor that modulates MAPK activation. J. Biol. Chem. 2001, 276, 10199-10206.
125. Majdalawieh, A.; Zhang, L.; Ro, H. S. Adipocyte enhancer-binding protein-1 promotes macrophage inflammatory responsiveness by up-regulating NF-B via I B negative regulation. Mol. Biol. Cell 2007, 18, 930-942.
126. Kino, T.; Tiulpakov, A.; Ichijo, T.; Chheng, L.; Kozasa, T.; Chrousos, G. P. G protein β interacts with the glucocorticoid receptor and suppresses its transcriptional activity in the nucleus. J. Cell Biol. 2005, 169, 885-896.
127. Kino, T.; Kozasa, T.; Chrousos, G. P. Statin-induced blockade of prenylation alters nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of GTP-binding proteins γ2 and β2 and enhances their suppressive effect on glucocorticoid receptor transcriptional activity. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 2005, 35, 508-513.
128. Spiegelberg, B. D.; Hamm, H. E. Gβγ binds histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) and inhibits its transcriptional co-repression activity. J. Biol. Chem. 2005, 280, 41769-41776.
129. Spiegelberg, B. D.; Hamm, H. E. Roles of G-protein-coupled receptor signaling in cancer biology and gene transcription. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 2007, 17, 40-44.
130. Tsu, R. C.; Allen, R. A.; Wong, Y. H. Stimulation of type II adenylyl cyclase by chemoattractant formyl peptide and C5a receptors. Mol. Pharmacol. 1995, 47, 835-841.
131. Chan, J. S.; Chiu, T. T.; Wong, Y. H. Activation of type II adenylyl cyclase by the cloned μ-opioid receptor: coupling to multiple G proteins. J. Neuro. chem. 1995, 65, 2682-2689.
132. Watts, V. J.; Neve, K. A. Activation of type II adenylate cyclase by D2 and D4 but not D3 dopamine receptors. Mol. Pharmacol. 1997, 52, 181-186.
133. Albert, P. R.; Sajedi, N.; Lemonde, S.; Ghahremani, M. H. Constitutive Gi2-dependent activation of adenylyl cyclase type II by the 5-HT1A receptor. Inhibition by anxiolytic partial agonists. J. Biol. Chem. 1999, 274, 35469-35474.
134. 2 dopamine receptor activation. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 2004, 308, 221-227.
135. sα. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 1990, 168, 1184-1193.
136. i2 induces neoplastic transformation of Rat-1 cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1991, 88, 7031-7035.
137. Ma, Y. C.; Huang, J.; Ali, S.; Lowry, W.; Huang, X. Y. Src tyrosine kinase is a novel direct effector of G proteins. Cell 2000, 102, 635-646.
138. Radhika, V.; Dhanasekaran, N. Transforming G proteins. Oncogene 2001, 20, 1607-1614.
139. Chan, A. S.; Yeung, W. W.; Wong, Y. H. Integration of G protein signals by extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases in SK-N-MC neuroepithelioma cells. J. Neurochem. 2005, 94, 1457-1470.
140. 1 receptor in COS-7 cells. Mol. Pharmacol. 2005, 68, 1354-1364.
141. 2A receptors and Gs-coupled 5-HT7A receptors in PC12 cells. J. Neurochem. 2005, 92, 72-82.
142. i signals. Mol. Cell Biol. 2000, 20, 6837-6848.
143. Neitzel, K. L.; Hepler, J. R. Cellular mechanisms that determine selective RGS protein regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling. Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. 2006, 17, 383-389.
144. Xie, G. X.; Palmer, P. P. How regulators of G protein signaling achieve selective regulation. J. Mol. Biol. 2007, 366, 349-365.
145. Ma, L.; Pei, G. β-arrestin signaling and regulation of transcription. J. Cell Sci. 2007, 120, 213-218.
146. Kreienkamp, H. J. Organisation of G-protein-coupled receptor signalling complexes by scaffolding proteins. Curr. Opin. Pharmacol. 2002, 2, 581-586.
147. Wang, J. Q.; Fibuch, E. E.; Mao, L. Regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinases by glutamate receptors. J. Neurochem. 2007, 100, 1-11.