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Volumn 9, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 1621-1637

Recent advances in understanding the mechanism of cocrystal formation via grinding

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EID: 65249130502     PISSN: 15287483     EISSN: 15287505     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/cg800764n     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (654)

References (166)
  • 4
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    • Desiraju, G. R. CrystEngComm2003, 5, 466.
    • (c) Desiraju, G. R. CrystEngComm2003, 5, 466.
  • 46
    • 34548231676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bond, A. D. CrystEngComm2007, 9, 833-834.
    • (d) Bond, A. D. CrystEngComm2007, 9, 833-834.
  • 88
    • 65249166415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cocrystallization by kneading involves manual grinding, with a mortar and pestle, of potential cocrystal components in the presence of a liquid phase. The amount of liquid used for kneading is typically less than employed in solution cocrystallization, but is significantly larger than the one used in liquid-assisted grinding. For recent examples of mechanochemical reactivity by kneading, see
    • Cocrystallization by kneading involves manual grinding, with a mortar and pestle, of potential cocrystal components in the presence of a liquid phase. The amount of liquid used for kneading is typically less than employed in solution cocrystallization, but is significantly larger than the one used in liquid-assisted grinding. For recent examples of mechanochemical reactivity by kneading, see.
  • 97
    • 65249146473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A general explanation of the role of the liquid phase in liquid-assisted grinding does not exist and it is very likely that it can vary from case to case. For that reason, we find it appropriate to encompass all possible mechanisms of mechanochemical cocrystal formation that utilize an additional liquid phase under the common name liquid-assisted grinding. In that way, a bias towards a particular mechanism, introduced by the term solvent-drop grinding, is avoided. From that perspective, solvent-drop grinding is more appropriate to describe a strategy of liquid-assisted grinding that utilizes the solubility of reactants in the liquid phase to enhance or enable cocrystal formation
    • A general explanation of the role of the liquid phase in liquid-assisted grinding does not exist and it is very likely that it can vary from case to case. For that reason, we find it appropriate to encompass all possible mechanisms of mechanochemical cocrystal formation that utilize an additional liquid phase under the common name "liquid-assisted grinding". In that way, a bias towards a particular mechanism, introduced by the term "solvent-drop grinding", is avoided. From that perspective, solvent-drop grinding is more appropriate to describe a strategy of liquid-assisted grinding that utilizes the solubility of reactants in the liquid phase to enhance or enable cocrystal formation.
  • 99
    • 65249144360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A typical procedure that is applied for rapid screening in our laboratory is as follows: a sample of 200 mg of a solid mixture of cocrystal components in the appropriate stoichiometric composition is placed in a 10 mL stainless steel grinding jar, along with 50μL of a suitable liquid and two stainless steel grinding balls of 7 mm diameter. The samples are then ground in a Retsch MM200 grinding mill for 20 min, typically resulting in quantitative yields of cocrystal.
    • A typical procedure that is applied for rapid screening in our laboratory is as follows: a sample of 200 mg of a solid mixture of cocrystal components in the appropriate stoichiometric composition is placed in a 10 mL stainless steel grinding jar, along with 50μL of a suitable liquid and two stainless steel grinding balls of 7 mm diameter. The samples are then ground in a Retsch MM200 grinding mill for 20 min, typically resulting in quantitative yields of cocrystal.
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  • 142
    • 65249153980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formation of cocrystals in the amorphous phase was also demonstrated by cocrystallization of carbamazapine and nicotinamide from a glass obtained by rapid Cooling of the melt containing the two components in a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio, see
    • Formation of cocrystals in the amorphous phase was also demonstrated by cocrystallization of carbamazapine and nicotinamide from a glass obtained by rapid Cooling of the melt containing the two components in a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio, see.
  • 153
    • 65249143192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loss of the additional liquid is inevitable when the liquid-assisted grinding is performed manually, using a mortar and pestle
    • Loss of the additional liquid is inevitable when the liquid-assisted grinding is performed manually, using a mortar and pestle.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.