Bone marrow transplantation as a strategy for tolerance induction in the clinic

Frontiers in Bioscience

Volumn 14, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 611-620

  Pree, Ines ^a   Pilat, Nina ^a   Wekerle, Thomas ^a  

^a MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA   (Austria)

Author keywords

Bone marrow transplantation; Costimulation blockade; Human; Mixed chimerism; Review; Rodent; Tolerance

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA; PRIMATES; RODENTIA;

IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT;

ANIMAL; BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION; CHIMERA; HUMAN; IMMUNOLOGICAL TOLERANCE; IMMUNOLOGY; MOUSE; REVIEW;

ANIMALS; BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION; CHIMERA; HUMANS; IMMUNE TOLERANCE; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENTS; MICE;

EID: 63849279572     PISSN: 27686701     EISSN: 27686698     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2741/3267     Document Type: Article

References (99)

1. Kasiske, B. L., J. J. Snyder, D. Gilbertson, A. J. Matas: Diabetes Mellitus after Kidney Transplantation in the United States. Am J Transplant 3, 178-185(2003) (Pubitemid 36323115)
2. Nankivell, B. J., R. J. Borrows, C. L.-S. Fung, P. J. O'Connell, R. D. M. Allen, J. R. Chapman: The Natural History of Chronic Allograft Nephropathy. N Engl J Med 349, 2326-2333(2003) (Pubitemid 37509740)
3. Kasiske, B. L., J. J. Snyder, D. T. Gilbertson, C. Wang: Cancer after Kidney Transplantation in the United States. Am J Transpl 4, 905-913(2004) (Pubitemid 38745589)
4. Ojo, A. O., P. J. Held, F. K. Port, R. A. Wolfe, A. B. Leichtman, E. W. Young, J. Arndorfer, L. Christensen, R. M. Merion: Chronic Renal Failure after Transplantation of a Nonrenal Organ. N Engl J Med 349, 931-940(2003) (Pubitemid 37064766)
5. Sykes, M.: Mixed chimerism and transplant tolerance. Immunity 14, 417-424(2001) (Pubitemid 32441594)
6. Wekerle, T., M. Sykes: Mixed chimerism and transplantation tolerance. Annu Rev Med 52, 353-370(2001) (Pubitemid 32195330)
7. Owen RD: Immunogenetic consequences of vascular anastomoses between bovine twins. Science 102, 400-401(1945)
8. Anderson, D., R. E. Billingham, G. H. Lampkin, P. B. Medawar: The use of skin grafting to distinguish between monozygotic and dizygotic twins in cattle. Heredity 5, 379-397(1951)
9. Billingham, R. E., G. H. Lampkin, P. B. Medawar, H. L. Williams: Tolerance to homografts, twin diagnosis, and the freemartin condition in cattle. Heredity 6, 201-212(1952)
10. Billingham RE, Brent L, Medawar PB: "Actively acquired tolerance" of foreign cells. Nature 172, 603-606(1953)
11. Main, J. M., R. T. Prehn: Successful skin homografts after the administration of high dosage X radiation and homologous bone marrow. J Natl. Cancer Inst, 1023-1028 (1955)
12. Ildstad, S. T., D. H. Sachs: Reconstitution with syngeneic plus allogeneic or xenogeneic bone marrow leads to specific acceptance of allografts or xenografts. Nature 307, 168-170(1984) (Pubitemid 14132903)
13. Sharabi Y, Sachs DH: Mixed chimerism and permanent specific transplantation tolerance induced by a non-lethal preparative regimen. J Exp Med 169, 493-502(1989) (Pubitemid 19050646)
14. Singer, A., K. S. Hathcock, R. J. Hodes: Self recognition in allogeneic radiation chimeras. A radiation resistant host element dictates the self specificity and immune response gene phenotype of T-helper cells. J Exp Med 153, 1286-1301(1981) (Pubitemid 11107595)
15. Zinkernagel, R. M., G. N. Callahan, A. Althage, S. Cooper, P. A. Klein, J. Klein: On the thymus in the differentiation of "H-2 self- recognition" by T cells: evidence for dual recognition? J Exp Med 147, 882-896(1978)
16. Sykes, M., M. A. Sheard, D. H. Sachs: Graft-versushost-related immunosuppression is induced in mixed chimeras by alloresponses against either host or donor lymphohematopoietic cells. J Exp Med 168, 2391-2396(1988) (Pubitemid 19020917)
17. Sykes, M., A. Eisenthal, D. H. Sachs: Mechanism of protection from graft-vs-host disease in murine mixed allogeneic chimeras. I. Development of a null cell population suppressive of cell-mediated lympholysis responses and derived from the syngeneic bone marrow component. J Immunol 140, 2903-2911(1988)
18. Tomita, Y., A. Khan, M. Sykes: Role of intrathymic clonal deletion and peripheral anergy in transplantation tolerance induced by bone marrow transplantion in mice conditioned with a non-myeloablative regimen. J Immunol 153, 1087-1098(1994) (Pubitemid 24228500)
19. Manilay, J. O., A. D. Pearson, J. J. Sergio, K. G. Swenson, M. Sykes: Intrathymic deletion of alloreactive T cells in mixed bone marrow chimeras prepared with a non-myeloablative conditioning regimen. Transplantation 66, 96-102(1998) (Pubitemid 28341174)
20. Cobbold, S. P., G. Martin, S. Qin, H. Waldmann: Monoclonal antibodies to promote marrow engraftment and tissue graft tolerance. Nature 323, 164-165. (1986)
21. Wekerle, T., B. Nikolic, D. A. Pearson, K. G. Swenson, M. Sykes: Minimal conditioning required in a murine model of T cell depletion, thymic irradiation and high-dose bone marrow transplantation for the induction of mixed chimerism and tolerance. Transpl Int 15, 248-253(2002) (Pubitemid 36061775)
22. Tomita, Y., D. H. Sachs, A. Khan, M. Sykes: Additional mAb injections can replace thymic irradiation to allow induction of mixed chimerism and tolerance in mice receiving bone marrow transplantation after conditioning with anti-T cell mAbs and 3 Gy whole body irradiation. Transplantation 61, 469-477(1996)
23. Huang, C. A., Y. Fuchimoto, R. Scheier-Dolberg, M. C. Murphy, D. M. Neville, D. H. Sachs: Stable mixed chimerism and tolerance using a nonmyeloablative preparative regimen in a large-animal model. J Clin Invest 105, 173-181(2000) (Pubitemid 30054356)
24. Wekerle, T., M. H. Sayegh, H. Ito, J. Hill, A. Chandraker, D. A. Pearson, K. G. Swenson, G. Zhao, M. Sykes: Anti-CD154 or CTLA4Ig obviates the need for thymic irradiation in a non-myeloablative conditioning regimen for the induction of mixed hematopoietic chimerism and tolerance. Transplantation 68, 1348-1355(1999)
25. Wekerle, T., M. H. Sayegh, J. Hill, Y. Zhao, A. Chandraker, K. G. Swenson, G. Zhao, M. Sykes: Extrathymic T cell deletion and allogeneic stem cell engraftment induced with costimulatory blockade is followed by central T cell tolerance. J Exp Med 187, 2037-2044(1998) (Pubitemid 28285573)
26. Adams, A. B., M. M. Durham, L. Kean, N. Shirasugi, J. Ha, M. A. Williams, P. A. Rees, M. C. Cheung, S. Mittelstaedt, A. W. Bingaman, D. R. Archer, T. C. Pearson, E. K. Waller, C. P. Larsen: Costimulation blockade, busulfan, and bone marrow promote titratable macrochimerism, induce transplantation tolerance, and correct genetic hemoglobinopathies with minimal myelosuppression. J Immunol 167, 1103-1111(2001) (Pubitemid 32660871)
27. Taylor, P. A., C. J. Lees, H. Waldmann, R. J. Noelle, B. R. Blazar: Requirements for the promotion of allogeneic engraftment by anti-CD154 (anti-CD40L) monoclonal antibody under nonmyeloablative conditions. Blood 98, 467-474(2001)
28. Pree, I., T. Wekerle: New appproaches to prevent transplant rejection: Co-stimulation blockers anti-CD40L and CTLA4Ig. Drug Discovery Today: Therapeutic Strategies 3, 41-47(2006)
29. Snanoudj, R, H. de Préneuf, C. Créput, N. Arzouk, B. Deroure, S. Beaudreuil, A. Durrbach, B. Charpentier: Costimulation blockade and its possible future use in clinical transplantation. Transpl Int 19, 693-704(2006) (Pubitemid 44196157)
30. Wekerle, T, J. Kurtz, S. Bigenzahn, Y. Takeuchi, M. Sykes: Mechanisms of transplant tolerance induction using costimulatory blockade. Curr Opin Immunol 14, 592-600(2002)
31. Ito, H., J. Kurtz, J. Shaffer, M. Sykes: CD4 T cellmediated alloresistance to fully MHC-mismatched allogeneic bone marrow engraftment is dependent on CD40-CD40 ligand interactions, and lasting T cell tolerance is induced by bone marrow transplantation with initial blockade of this pathway. J Immunol 166, 2970-2981(2001) (Pubitemid 33117292)
32. Quesenberry, P. J., S. Zhong, H. Wang, M. Stewart: Allogeneic chimerism with low-dose irradiation, antigen presensitization, and costimulator blockade in H-2 mismatched mice. Blood 97, 557-564(2001) (Pubitemid 32060345)
33. Seung, E., N. Iwakoshi, B. A. Woda, T. G. Markees, J. P. Mordes, A. A. Rossini, D. L. Greiner: Allogeneic hematopoietic chimerism in mice treated with sublethal myeloablation and anti-CD154 antibody: absence of graftversus-host disease, induction of skin allograft tolerance, and prevention of recurrent autoimmunity in isletallografted NOD/Lt mice. Blood 95:2175-2182(2000) (Pubitemid 30151663)
34. Seung, E., J. P. Mordes, A. A. Rossini, D. L. Greiner: Hematopoietic chimerism and central tolerance created by peripheral-tolerance induction without myeloablative conditioning. J Clin Invest 112, 795-808(2003) (Pubitemid 38057720)
35. Durham, M. M., A. W. Bingaman, A. B. Adams, J. Ha, S.-Y. Waitze, T. C. Pearson, C. P. Larsen: Administration of anti-CD40 ligand and donor bone marrow leads to hematopoietic chimerism and donor-specific tolerance without cytoreductive conditioning. J Immunol 165, 1-4(2000) (Pubitemid 30429481)
36. Bigenzahn, S., P. Blaha, Z. Koporc, I. Pree, E. Selzer, H. Bergmeister, F. Wraba, C. Hausser, K. Wagner, F. Muehlbacher, T. Wekerle: The role of non-deletional tolerance mechanisms in a murine model of mixed chimerism with costimulation blockade. Am J Transplant 5, 1237-1247(2005) (Pubitemid 40839411)
37. Ito, H., Y. Takeuchi, J. Shaffer, M. Local irradiation enhances congenic donor pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell engraftment similarly in irradiated and nonirradiated sites. Blood 103, 1949-1954(2004) (Pubitemid 38268997)
38. Kean, L. S., M. M. Durham, A. B. Adams, L. L. Hsu, J. R. Perry, D. Dillehay, T. C. Pearson, E. K. Waller, C. P. Larsen, D. R. Archer: A cure for murine sickle cell disease through stable mixed chimerism and tolerance induction after nonmyeloablative conditioning and major histocompatibility complex-mismatched bone marrow transplantation. Blood 99, 1840-1849(2002) (Pubitemid 34533061)
39. Wekerle, T., J. Kurtz, H. Ito, J. V. Ronquillo, V. Dong, G. Zhao, J. Shaffer, M. H. Sayegh, M. Sykes: Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation with co-stimulatory blockade induces macrochimerism and tolerance without cytoreductive host treatment. Nature Med 6, 464-469(2000) (Pubitemid 30208167)
40. Kean, L. S., K. Hamby, B. Koehn, E. Lee, S. Coley, L. Stempora, A. B. Adams, E. Heiss, T. C. Pearson, C. P. Larsen: NK cells mediate costimulation blockade-resistant rejection of allogeneic stem cells during nonmyeloablative transplantation. Am J Transplant 6, 292-304(2006) (Pubitemid 43382164)
41. Blaha, P., S. Bigenzahn, Z. Koporc, M. Sykes, F. Muehlbacher, T. Wekerle: Short-term immunosuppression facilitates induction of mixed chimerism and tolerance after bone marrow transplantation without cytoreductive conditioning. Transplantation 80, 237-243(2005) (Pubitemid 41061681)
42. Koporc, Z., S. Bigenzahn, P. Blaha, E. Fariborz, E. Selzer, M. Sykes, F. Muehlbacher, T. Wekerle: Induction of mixed chimerism through transplantation of CD45-congenic mobilized peripheral blood stem cells after nonmyeloablative irradiation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 12, 284-292(2006) (Pubitemid 43273713)
43. Yamada, A., A. D. Salama, M. H. Sayegh: The Role of Novel T Cell Costimulatory Pathways in Autoimmunity and Transplantation. J Am Soc Nephrol 13, 559-575(2002) (Pubitemid 34106301)
44. Demirci, G., F. Amanullah, R. Kewalaramani, H. Yagita, T. B. Strom, M. H. Sayegh, X. C. Li: Critical Role of OX40 in CD28 and CD154-Independent Rejection. J Immunol 172, 1691-1698(2004) (Pubitemid 38116817)
45. Graca, L., S. Daley, P. J. Fairchild, S. P. Cobbold, H. Waldmann: Co-receptor and co-stimulation blockade for mixed chimerism and tolerance without myelosuppressive conditioning. BMC Immunology 7, 9(2006)
46. Westerhuis, G., W. G. E. Maas, R. Willemze, R. E. M. Toes, W. E. Fibbe. Long-term mixed chimerism after immunologic conditioning and MHC-mismatched stem-cell transplantation is dependent on NK-cell tolerance. Blood 106, 2215-2220(2005) (Pubitemid 41291743)
47. Kurtz, J., H. Ito, T. Wekerle, J. Shaffer, M. Sykes: Mechanisms involved in the establishment of tolerance through costimulatory blockade and BMT: Lack of requirement for CD40L-mediated signaling for tolerance or deletion of donor-reactive CD4+ cells. Am J Transplant 1, 339-349(2001) (Pubitemid 33681698)
48. Kirk, A. D., P. J. Blair, D. K. Tadaki, H. Xu, D. M. Harlan: The role of CD154 in organ transplant rejection and acceptance. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 356, 691-702(2001) (Pubitemid 32575701)
49. Taylor, P. A., T. M. Friedman, R. Korngold, R. J. Noelle, B. R. Blazar: Tolerance induction of alloreactive T cells via ex vivo blockade of the CD40:CD40L costimulatory pathway results in the generation of a potent immune regulatory cell. Blood 99, 4601-4609(2002) (Pubitemid 34627233)
50. Monk, N. J., R. E. G. Hargreaves, J. E. Marsh, C. A. Farrar, S. H. Sacks, M. Millrain, E. Simpson, J. Dyson, S. Jurcevic: Fc-dependent depletion of activated T cells occurs through CD40L-specific antibody rather than costimulation blockade. Nature Med 9, 1275-1280(2003) (Pubitemid 37279850)
51. Blair, P. J., J. L. Riley, D. M. Harlan, R. Abe, D. K. Tadaki, S. C. Hoffmann, L. White, T. Francomano, S. J. Perfetto, A. D. Kirk, C. H. June: CD40 ligand (CD154) triggers a short-term CD4 (+) T cell activation response that results in secretion of immunomodulatory cytokines and apoptosis. J Exp Med 191, 651-660(2000)
52. Hainz, U., B. Jürgens, A. Heitger: The role of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase in transplantation. Transpl Int 20, 118-127(2007)
53. Greenwald, R. J., V. A. Boussiotis, R. B. Lorsbach, A. K. Abbas, A. H. Sharpe: CTLA-4 regulates induction of anergy in vivo. Immunity 14, 145-155(2001) (Pubitemid 32206517)
54. Pree, I., S. Bigenzahn, D. Fuchs, Z. Koporc, P. Nierlich, C. Winkler, G. Brandacher, M. Sykes, F. Muehlbacher, F. Langer, T. Wekerle: CTLA4Ig promotes the induction of hematopoietic chimerism and tolerance independently of indoleamine-2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO). Transplantation 83, 663-667(2007) (Pubitemid 46440260)
55. Fehr, T., Y. Takeuchi, J. Kurtz, T. Wekerle, M. Sykes: Early regulation of CD8 T cell alloreactivity by CD4+CD25-T cells in recipients of anti-CD154 antibody and allogeneic BMT is followed by rapid peripheral deletion of donor-reactive CD8+ T cells, precluding a role for sustained regulation. Eur J Immunol 35, 2679-2690(2005) (Pubitemid 41404051)
56. Kurtz, J., J. Shaffer, A. Lie, N. Anosova, G. Benichou, M. Sykes: Mechanisms of early peripheral CD4 T-cell tolerance induction by anti-CD154 monoclonal antibody and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: evidence for anergy and deletion but not regulatory cells. Blood 103, 4336-4343(2004) (Pubitemid 38685382)
57. Wekerle, T., J. Kurtz, M. H. Sayegh, H. Ito, A. D. Wells, S. Bensinger, J. Shaffer, L. A. Turka, M. Sykes: Peripheral deletion after bone marrow transplantation with costimulatory blockade has features of both activationinduced cell death and passive cell death. J Immunol 166, 2311-2316(2001) (Pubitemid 32173463)
58. Domenig, C., A. Sanchez-Fueyo, J. Kurtz, S. P. Alexopoulos, C. Mariat, M. Sykes, T. B. Strom, X. X. Zheng: Roles of deletion and regulation in creating mixed chimerism and allograft tolerance using a nonlymphoablative irradiation-free protocol. J Immunol 175, 51-60(2005) (Pubitemid 40884301)
59. Kurtz, J., T. Wekerle, M. Sykes. Tolerance in mixed chimerism - a role for regulatory cells? Trends Immunol 25, 518-523(2004) (Pubitemid 39208349)
60. Pillai, A. B., T. I. George, S. Dutt, P. Teo, S. Strober: Host NKT cells can prevent graft-versus-host disease and permit graft antitumor activity after bone marrow transplantation. J Immunol 178, 6242-6251(2007) (Pubitemid 46717407)
61. Kawahara, T., I. Shimizu, H. Ohdan, Z. G., M. Sykes. Differing Mechanisms of Early and Late B Cell Hyporesponsiveness Induced by Mixed Chimerism. American Journal of Transplantation 5, 2821-2829(2005) (Pubitemid 43923942)
62. Sykes, M., I. Shimizu, T. Kawahara: Mixed hematopoietic chimerism for the simultaneous induction of T and B cell tolerance. Transplantation 79, 28-29(2005)
63. Zhao, Y., H. Ohdan, J. O. Manilay, M. Sykes: NK cell tolerance in mixed allogeneic chimeras. J Immunol 170, 5398-5405(2003) (Pubitemid 36617825)
64. Fugier-Vivier, I. J., F. Rezzoug, Y. Huang, A. J. Graul-Layman, C. L. Schanie, H. Xu, P. M. Chilton, S. T. Ildstad: Plasmacytoid precursor dendritic cells facilitate allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell engraftment. J Exp Med 201, 373-383(2005) (Pubitemid 40229412)
65. Jacquet, E. G., C. L. Schanie, I. Fugier-Vivier, S. S. Willer, S. T. Ildstad: Facilitating cells as a venue to establish mixed chimerism and tolerance. Pediatric Transplantation 7, 348-357(2003) (Pubitemid 37295940)
66. Steiner, D., N. Brunicki, E. Bachar-Lustig, P. A. Taylor, B. R. Blazar, Y. Reisner: Overcoming T cellmediated rejection of bone marrow allografts by T-regulatory cells: Synergism with veto cells and rapamycin. Experimental Hematology 34, 802-808(2006) (Pubitemid 43737090)
67. Hanash, A. M., R. B. Levy: Donor CD4+CD25+ T cells promote engraftment and tolerance following MHC-mismatched hematopoietic cell transplantation. Blood 105, 1828-1836(2005) (Pubitemid 40223710)
68. Steiner, D., N. Brunicki, B. R. Blazar, E. Bachar-Lustig, Y. Reisner: Tolerance induction by third-party "offthe-shelf" CD4+CD25+ Treg cells. Experimental Hematology 34, 66-71(2006) (Pubitemid 43069602)
69. Blaha, P., S. Bigenzahn, Z. Koporc, M. Schmid, F. Langer, E. Selzer, H. Bergmeister, F. Wrba, J. Kurtz, C. Kiss, E. Roth, F. Muehlbacher, M. Sykes, T. Wekerle: The influence of immunosuppressive drugs on tolerance induction through bone marrow transplantation with costimulation blockade. Blood 101, 2886-2893(2003) (Pubitemid 36857658)
70. Adams, A. B., N. Shirasugi, T. R. Jones, M. A. Williams, M. M. Durham, J. Ha, Y. Dong, Z. Guo, K. A. Newell, T. C. Pearson, C. P. Larsen: Conventional immunosuppression is compatible with costimulation blockade-based, mixed chimerism tolerance induction. Am J Transplant 3, 895-901(2003) (Pubitemid 36827913)
71. Ashton-Chess, J., S. Brouard, J.-P. Soulillou: Is clinical tolerance realistic in the next decade? Transpl Int 19, 539-548(2006) (Pubitemid 43881753)
72. Adams, A. B., C. T. C. Pearson, C. P. Larsen: Heterologous immunity: an overlooked barrier to tolerance. Immunological Reviews 196, 147-160 (2003 (Pubitemid 37468109)
73. Williams, M. A., T. M. Onami, A. B. Adams, M. M. Durham, T. C. Pearson, R. Ahmed, C. P. Larsen: Cutting Edge: Persistent viral infection prevents tolerance induction and escapes immune control following CD28/CD40 blockade-based regimen. J Immunol 169, 5387-5391(2002) (Pubitemid 35291632)
74. Gleit, Z. L., Y. Fuchimoto, K. Yamada, E. Melendy, R. Scheier-Dolberg, L. Monajati, R. Coburn, D. M. Jr. Neville, D. H Sachs, C. A. Huang: Variable relationship between chimerism and tolerance after hematopoietic cell transplantation without myelosuppressive conditioning. Transplantation 74, 1535-1544(2002) (Pubitemid 36014226)
75. Storb, R., C. Yu, J. M. Zaucha, H. J. Deeg, G. Georges, H.-P. Kiem, R. A. Nash, P. A. McSweeney, J. L. Wagner: Stable mixed chimerism in dogs given donor antigen, CTLA4Ig, and 100 cGy total body irradiation before and pharmacologic immunosuppression after marrow transplant. Blood 94, 2523-2529(1999) (Pubitemid 29467702)
76. Jochum, C., M. Beste, E. Zellmer, S. S. Graves, R. Storb: CD154 Blockade and Donor-Specific Transfusions in DLA-Identical Marrow Transplantation in Dogs Conditioned with 1-Gy Total Body Irradiation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 13, 164-171(2007) (Pubitemid 46112376)
77. Fudaba, Y., T. R. Spitzer, J. Shaffer, T. Kawai, T. Fehr, F. Delmonico, F. Preffer, N. Tolkoff-Rubin, B. R. Dey, S. L. Saidman, A. Kraus, T. Bonnefoix, K. Power, K. Kattleman, R. B. Colvin, D. H. Sachs, A. B. Cosimi, M. Sykes: Myeloma responses and tolerance following combined kidney and nonmyeloablative marrow transplantation: in vivo and in vitro analyses. Am J Transplant 6, 2121-2133(2006) (Pubitemid 44199546)
78. Kawai, T., A. B. Cosimi, R. B. Colvin, J. Powelson, J. Eason, T. Kozlowski, M. Sykes, R. Monroy, M. Tanaka, D. H. Sachs: Mixed allogeneic chimerism and renal allograft tolerance in cynomologous monkeys. Transplantation 59, 256-262(1995)
79. Kawai, T. H. Sogawa, M. Koulmanda, N. R. Smith, J. J. O'Neil, S.-L. Wee, S. Boskovic, M. Sykes, R. B. Colvin, D. H. Sachs, H. Jr. Auchincloss, A. B. Cosimi, D. S. C. Ko: Long-term islet allograft function in the absence of chronic immunosuppression: a case report of a nonhuman primate previously made tolerant to a renal allograft from the same donor. Transplantation 72, 351-354(2001) (Pubitemid 32729365)
80. Kawai, T., A. B. Cosimi, S. L. Wee, S. Houser, D. Andrews, H. Sogawa, J. Phelan, S. Boskovic, O. Nadazdin, G. Abrahamian, R. B. Colvin, D. H Sach, J. C. Madsen: Effect of mixed hematopoietic chimerism on cardiac allograft survival in cynomolgus monkeys. Transplantation 73, 1757-1764(2002) (Pubitemid 34655251)
81. Kawai, T., H. Sogawa, S. Boskovic, G. Abrahamian, R.-N. Smith, S.-L. Wee, D. Andrews, O. Nadazdin, I. Koyama, M. Sykes, H. J. Winn, R. B. Colvin, D. H. Sachs, A. B. Cosimi: CD154 blockade for induction of mixed chimerism and prolonged renal allograft survival in nonhuman Primates. Am J Transpl 4, 1391-1398(2004) (Pubitemid 39159053)
82. Kean, L. S., A. B. Adams, E. Strobert, R. Hendrix, S. Gangappa, T. R. Jones, N. Shirasugi, M. R. Rigby, K. Hamby, J. Jiang, H. Bello, D. Anderson, K. Cardona, M. M. Durham, T. C. Pearson, C. P. Larsen: Induction of chimerism in rhesus macaques through stem cell transplant and costimulation blockade-based immunosuppression. Am J Transplant 7, 320-335(2007) (Pubitemid 46096325)
83. Bluestone, J. A.: CTLA-4Ig is finally making it: A personal perspective. Am J Transplant 5, 423-424(2005) (Pubitemid 40313331)
84. Larsen, C. P., T. C. Pearson, A. B. Adams, P. Tso, N. Shirasugi, E. Strobert, D. Anderson, S. Cowan, K. Price, J. Naemura, J. Emswiler, J. Greene, L. A. Turk, J. Bajorath, R. Townsend, D. Hagerty, P. S. Linsley, R. J. Peach: Rational development of LEA29Y (belatacept), a highaffinity variant of CTLA4-Ig with potent immunosuppressive properties. Am J Transplant 5, 443-453(2005) (Pubitemid 40313335)
85. Vincenti, F., C. Larsen, A. Durrbach, T. Wekerle, B. Nashan, G. Blancho, P. Lang, J. Grinyo, P. F. Halloran, K. Solez, D. Hagerty, E. Levy, W. Zhou, K. Natarajan, B. Charpentier: Costimulation blockade with belatacept in renal transplantation. N Engl J Med 353, 770-781(2005) (Pubitemid 41215486)
86. Sidiropoulos, P. I., D. T. Boumpas. Lessons learned from anti-CD40L treatment in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Lupus 13, 391-97(2004) (Pubitemid 38788502)
87. Vincenti, F.: What's in the pipeline? New immunosuppressive drugs in transplantation. Am J Transplant 2, 898-903(2002) (Pubitemid 36330218)
88. Boumpas, D. T., R. Furie, S. Manzi, G. G. Illei, D. J. Wallace, J. E. Balow, A. Vaishnaw: A short course of BG9588 (anti-CD40 ligand antibody) improves serologic activity and decreases hematuria in patients with proliferative lupus glomerulonephritis. Arthritis & Rheumatism 48, 719-727(2003) (Pubitemid 36302008)
89. Adams, A. B., N. Shirasugi, T. R. Jones, M. M. Durham, E. A. Strobert, S. Cowan, P. Rees, R. Hendrix, K. Price, N. S. Kenyon, D. Hagerty, R. Townsend, D. Hollenbaugh, T. C. Pearson, C. P. Larsen: Development of a chimeric anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody that synergizes with LEA29Y to prolong islet allograft survival. J Immunol 174, 542-550(2005) (Pubitemid 40007445)
90. Spitzer, T. R.: Nonmyeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplant strategies and the role of mixed chimerism. The Oncologist 5, 215-223(2000) (Pubitemid 30429941)
91. Copelan, E. A.: Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. N Engl J Med 345, 1813-1826(2006)
92. Baron, F., B. M. Sandmaier: Chimerism and outcomes after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation following nonmyeloablative conditioning. Leukemia 20, 1690-1700(2006) (Pubitemid 44590958)
93. Daly, A., S. McAfee, B. Dey, C. Colby, L. Schulte, B. Yeap, R. Sackstein, N. J. Tarbell, D. Sachs, M. Sykes, T. R. Spitzer: Nonmyeloablative bone marrow transplantation: Infectious complications in 65 recipients of HLA-identical and mismatched transplants. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 9, 373-382(2003) (Pubitemid 38351808)
94. Heitger, A., P. Blaha, S. Bigenzahn, F. Muehlbacher, T. Wekerle: The influence of immunosuppressive drugs on cell-induced graft tolerance. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 9:307-313(2004)
95. Bühler, L. H., T. R. Spitzer, M. Sykes, D. H. Sachs, F. L. Delmonico, N. Tolkoff-Rubin, S. L. Saidman, R. Sackstein, S. McAfee, B. Dey, C. Colby, A. B. Cosimi: Induction of kidney allograft tolerance after transient lymphohematopoietic chimerism in patients with multiple myeloma and end-stage renal disease. Transplantation 74, 1405-1409(2002)
96. Spitzer, T. R, F. Delmonico, N. Tolkoff-Rubin, S. McAfee, R. Sackstein, S. Saidman, C. Colby, M. Sykes, D. H. Sachs, A. B. Cosimi: Combined histocompatible leukocyte antigen-matched donor bone marrow and renal transplantation for multiple myeloma with end stage renal disease: the induction of allograft tolerance through mixed lymphohematopoietic chimerism. Transplantation 68 480-484 (1999) (Pubitemid 29416620)
97. Ochiai, T., G. Benichou, A. B. Cosimi, T. Kawai: Induction of allograft tolerance in nonhuman primates and humans. Front Biosci 12, 4248-4253(2007)
98. Sykes, M.: Mechanisms of tolerance induced via mixed chimerism. Front Biosci 12, 2922-2934(2007)
99. Fehr, T., M. Sykes. Tolerance induction in clinical transplantation. Transplant Immunol 13:117-130(2004) (Pubitemid 39222026)