메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 14, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 501-508

New insights on the role of apoptosis and autophagy in HIV pathogenesis

Author keywords

AIDS; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Dementia; Gut associated lymphoid tissue; HIV; HIV associated; Immune activation; PD 1; Syncytia

Indexed keywords

ATM PROTEIN;

EID: 62449091002     PISSN: 13608185     EISSN: 1573675X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10495-009-0314-1     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (59)

References (59)
  • 1
    • 22744453481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • To kill or be killed: How HIV exhausts the immune system
    • 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401616
    • M-L Gougeon 2005 To kill or be killed: how HIV exhausts the immune system Cell Death Differ 12 845 854 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401616
    • (2005) Cell Death Differ , vol.12 , pp. 845-854
    • Gougeon, M.-L.1
  • 3
    • 48249154992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy: An overlooked mechanism of HIV-1 pathogenesis and neuroAIDS?
    • SA Spector D Zhou 2008 Autophagy: an overlooked mechanism of HIV-1 pathogenesis and neuroAIDS? Autophagy 4 704 706
    • (2008) Autophagy , vol.4 , pp. 704-706
    • Spector, S.A.1    Zhou, D.2
  • 5
    • 25844482131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peril at mucosal front lines for HIV and SIV and their hosts
    • AT Haase 2005 Peril at mucosal front lines for HIV and SIV and their hosts Nat Rev Immunol 5 783 792
    • (2005) Nat Rev Immunol , vol.5 , pp. 783-792
    • Haase, A.T.1
  • 7
    • 0029034517 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of apoptosis in lymph nodes of HIV-infected persons. Intensity of apoptosis correlates with the general state of activation of the lymphoid tissue and not with stage of disease or viral burden
    • CA Muro-Cacho G Pantaleo AS Fauci 1995 Analysis of apoptosis in lymph nodes of HIV-infected persons. Intensity of apoptosis correlates with the general state of activation of the lymphoid tissue and not with stage of disease or viral burden J Immunol 154 5555 5566
    • (1995) J Immunol , vol.154 , pp. 5555-5566
    • Muro-Cacho, C.A.1    Pantaleo, G.2    Fauci, A.S.3
  • 8
    • 4644342929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + T cell depletion during all stages of HIV disease occurs predominantly in the gastrointestinal tract
    • 10.1084/jem.20040874
    • + T cell depletion during all stages of HIV disease occurs predominantly in the gastrointestinal tract J Exp Med 200 749 759 10.1084/jem.20040874
    • (2004) J Exp Med , vol.200 , pp. 749-759
    • Brenchley, J.M.1    Schacker, T.W.2    Ruff, L.E.3
  • 9
    • 35748939690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV disease progression: Immune activation, microbes and a leaky gut
    • DC Douek 2007 HIV disease progression: immune activation, microbes and a leaky gut Top HIV Med 15 114 117
    • (2007) Top HIV Med , vol.15 , pp. 114-117
    • Douek, D.C.1
  • 11
    • 0029070201 scopus 로고
    • Chronic activation of the immune system in HIV infection: Contribution to T cell apoptosis and v beta selective T cell anergy
    • M-L Gougeon 1995 Chronic activation of the immune system in HIV infection: contribution to T cell apoptosis and V beta selective T cell anergy Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 200 177 193
    • (1995) Curr Top Microbiol Immunol , vol.200 , pp. 177-193
    • Gougeon, M.-L.1
  • 12
    • 0032955651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shorter survival in advanced human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection is more closely associated with T lymphocyte activation than with plasma virus burden or virus chemokine coreceptor usage
    • 10.1086/314660
    • JV Giorgi LE Hultin JA McKeating 1999 Shorter survival in advanced human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection is more closely associated with T lymphocyte activation than with plasma virus burden or virus chemokine coreceptor usage J Infect Dis 179 859 870 10.1086/314660
    • (1999) J Infect Dis , vol.179 , pp. 859-870
    • Giorgi, J.V.1    Hultin, L.E.2    McKeating, J.A.3
  • 13
    • 0031569286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of chronic immune activation in HIV-infected chimpanzees correlates with the resistance of T cells to Fas/Apo-1 (CD95)-induced apoptosis and preservation of a T helper 1 phenotype
    • M-L Gougeon H Lecoeur F Boudet E Ledru S Marzabal S Boullier R Roué S Nagata J Heeney 1997 Lack of chronic immune activation in HIV-infected chimpanzees correlates with the resistance of T cells to Fas/Apo-1 (CD95)-induced apoptosis and preservation of a T helper 1 phenotype J Immunol 158 2964 2976
    • (1997) J Immunol , vol.158 , pp. 2964-2976
    • Gougeon, M.-L.1    Lecoeur, H.2    Boudet, F.3    Ledru, E.4    Marzabal, S.5    Boullier, S.6    Roué, R.7    Nagata, S.8    Heeney, J.9
  • 14
    • 36048968755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding the benign nature of SIV infection in natural hosts
    • 10.1172/JCI33034
    • G Silvestri M Paiardini I Pandrea 2007 Understanding the benign nature of SIV infection in natural hosts J Clin Invest 117 3148 3154 10.1172/JCI33034
    • (2007) J Clin Invest , vol.117 , pp. 3148-3154
    • Silvestri, G.1    Paiardini, M.2    Pandrea, I.3
  • 15
    • 0020516865 scopus 로고
    • Abnormalities of B-cell activation and immunoregulation in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
    • HC Lane H Masur LC Edgar 1983 Abnormalities of B-cell activation and immunoregulation in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome N Engl J Med 309 453 458
    • (1983) N Engl J Med , vol.309 , pp. 453-458
    • Lane, H.C.1    Masur, H.2    Edgar, L.C.3
  • 16
    • 0029882175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Programmed cell death in peripheral lymphocytes from HIV-infected persons: Increased susceptibility to apoptosis of CD4 and CD8 T cells correlates with lymphocyte activation and with disease progression
    • M-L Gougeon H Lecoeur A Dulioust MG Enouf M Crouvoiser C Goujard T Debord L Montagnier 1996 Programmed cell death in peripheral lymphocytes from HIV-infected persons: increased susceptibility to apoptosis of CD4 and CD8 T cells correlates with lymphocyte activation and with disease progression J Immunol 156 3509 3520
    • (1996) J Immunol , vol.156 , pp. 3509-3520
    • Gougeon, M.-L.1    Lecoeur, H.2    Dulioust, A.3    Enouf, M.G.4    Crouvoiser, M.5    Goujard, C.6    Debord, T.7    Montagnier, L.8
  • 17
    • 0343920019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T-cell division in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection is mainly due to immune activation: A longitudinal analysis in patients before and during highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)
    • MD Hazenberg JW Stuart SA Otto 2000 T-cell division in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection is mainly due to immune activation: a longitudinal analysis in patients before and during highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) Blood 95 249 255
    • (2000) Blood , vol.95 , pp. 249-255
    • Hazenberg, M.D.1    Stuart, J.W.2    Otto, S.A.3
  • 18
    • 2642593019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential susceptibility to activation-induced apoptosis among peripheral Th1 subsets: Correlation with Bcl-2 expression and consequences for AIDS pathogenesis
    • E Ledru H Lecoeur S Garcia T Debord M-L Gougeon 1998 Differential susceptibility to activation-induced apoptosis among peripheral Th1 subsets: correlation with Bcl-2 expression and consequences for AIDS pathogenesis J Immunol 160 3194 3206
    • (1998) J Immunol , vol.160 , pp. 3194-3206
    • Ledru, E.1    Lecoeur, H.2    Garcia, S.3    Debord, T.4    Gougeon, M.-L.5
  • 19
    • 0036493726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased sensitivity of T lymphocytes to tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1)- and TNFR2-mediated apoptosis in HIV infection: Relation to expression of Bcl-2 and active caspase-8 and caspase-3
    • 10.1182/blood.V99.5.1666
    • LM de Oliveira Pinto S Garcia H Lecoeur C Rapp M-L Gougeon 2002 Increased sensitivity of T lymphocytes to tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1)- and TNFR2-mediated apoptosis in HIV infection: relation to expression of Bcl-2 and active caspase-8 and caspase-3 Blood 99 1666 1675 10.1182/blood.V99.5.1666
    • (2002) Blood , vol.99 , pp. 1666-1675
    • De Oliveira Pinto, L.M.1    Garcia, S.2    Lecoeur, H.3    Rapp, C.4    Gougeon, M.-L.5
  • 20
    • 4544264445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased survival of B cells of HIV-viremic patients mediated by altered expression of receptors of the TNF superfamily
    • 10.1084/jem.20032236
    • S Moir A Malaspina OK Pickeral 2004 Decreased survival of B cells of HIV-viremic patients mediated by altered expression of receptors of the TNF superfamily J Exp Med 200 587 599 10.1084/jem.20032236
    • (2004) J Exp Med , vol.200 , pp. 587-599
    • Moir, S.1    Malaspina, A.2    Pickeral, O.K.3
  • 21
    • 33845532053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microbial translocation is a cause of systemic immune activation in chronic HIV infection
    • 10.1038/nm1511
    • JM Brenchley DA Price TW Schacker 2006 Microbial translocation is a cause of systemic immune activation in chronic HIV infection Nat Med 12 1365 1371 10.1038/nm1511
    • (2006) Nat Med , vol.12 , pp. 1365-1371
    • Brenchley, J.M.1    Price, D.A.2    Schacker, T.W.3
  • 26
    • 40149085518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + T cells with reduced apoptotic susceptibility in rhesus macaques that control virus replication after challenge with pathogenic SIVmac239
    • + T cells with reduced apoptotic susceptibility in rhesus macaques that control virus replication after challenge with pathogenic SIVmac239 J Immunol 179 4732 4740
    • (2007) J Immunol , vol.179 , pp. 4732-4740
    • Genescà, M.1    Rourke, T.2    Li, J.3    Bost, K.4    Chohan, B.5    McChesney, M.B.6    Miller, C.J.7
  • 27
    • 0038725688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis as an HIV strategy to escape immune attack
    • 10.1038/nri1087
    • ML Gougeon 2003 Apoptosis as an HIV strategy to escape immune attack Nat Rev Immunol 3 392 404 10.1038/nri1087
    • (2003) Nat Rev Immunol , vol.3 , pp. 392-404
    • Gougeon, M.L.1
  • 28
    • 36849090750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV turns plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) into TRAIL-expressing killer pDC and down-regulates HIV coreceptors by Toll-like receptor 7-induced IFN-alpha
    • 10.1073/pnas.0707244104
    • AW Hardy DR Graham GM Shearer JP Herbeuval 2007 HIV turns plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) into TRAIL-expressing killer pDC and down-regulates HIV coreceptors by Toll-like receptor 7-induced IFN-alpha Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104 17453 17458 10.1073/pnas.0707244104
    • (2007) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.104 , pp. 17453-17458
    • Hardy, A.W.1    Graham, D.R.2    Shearer, G.M.3    Herbeuval, J.P.4
  • 30
    • 4344579518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NF-{kappa}B and p53 are the dominant apoptosis-inducing transcription factors elicited by the HIV-1 envelope
    • 10.1084/jem.20031216
    • JL Perfettini T Roumier M Castedo 2004 NF-{kappa}B and p53 are the dominant apoptosis-inducing transcription factors elicited by the HIV-1 envelope J Exp Med 199 629 640 10.1084/jem.20031216
    • (2004) J Exp Med , vol.199 , pp. 629-640
    • Perfettini, J.L.1    Roumier, T.2    Castedo, M.3
  • 31
    • 13244260955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Essential role of p53 phosphorylation by p38 MAPK in apoptosis induction by the HIV-1 envelope
    • 10.1084/jem.20041502
    • JL Perfettini M Castedo R Nardacci 2005 Essential role of p53 phosphorylation by p38 MAPK in apoptosis induction by the HIV-1 envelope J Exp Med 201 279 289 10.1084/jem.20041502
    • (2005) J Exp Med , vol.201 , pp. 279-289
    • Perfettini, J.L.1    Castedo, M.2    Nardacci, R.3
  • 32
    • 22744448688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell death pathways in retroviral infection
    • 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401655
    • M Piacentini G Kroemer 2005 Cell death pathways in retroviral infection Cell Death Differ 12 835 836 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401655
    • (2005) Cell Death Differ , vol.12 , pp. 835-836
    • Piacentini, M.1    Kroemer, G.2
  • 33
    • 49349092475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical involvement of the ATM-dependent DNA damage response in the apoptotic demise of HIV-1-elicited syncytia
    • 6. 10.1371/journal.pone.0002458
    • JL Perfettini R Nardacci MG Bourouba 2008 Critical involvement of the ATM-dependent DNA damage response in the apoptotic demise of HIV-1-elicited syncytia PLoS ONE 3 6 e2458 10.1371/journal.pone.0002458
    • (2008) PLoS ONE , vol.3 , pp. 2458
    • Perfettini, J.L.1    Nardacci, R.2    Bourouba, M.G.3
  • 34
    • 59449101876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The tumor suppressor protein PML controls apoptosis induced by the HIV-1 envelope
    • Perfettini JL, Nardacci R, Séror C et al (2008) The tumor suppressor protein PML controls apoptosis induced by the HIV-1 envelope. Cell Death Differ (Nov):21
    • (2008) Cell Death Differ , Issue.NOVEMBER , pp. 21
    • Perfettini, J.L.1    Nardacci, R.2    Séror, C.3
  • 35
    • 34548689151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human immunodeficiency virus controllers: Mechanisms of durable virus control in the absence of antiretroviral therapy
    • 10.1016/j.immuni.2007.08.010
    • SG Deeks BD Walker 2007 Human immunodeficiency virus controllers: mechanisms of durable virus control in the absence of antiretroviral therapy Immunity 27 406 416 10.1016/j.immuni.2007.08.010
    • (2007) Immunity , vol.27 , pp. 406-416
    • Deeks, S.G.1    Walker, B.D.2
  • 37
    • 0036852179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + T cell proliferation is coupled to perforin expression and is maintained in nonprogressors
    • 10.1038/ni845
    • + T cell proliferation is coupled to perforin expression and is maintained in nonprogressors Nat Immunol 3 1061 1068 10.1038/ni845
    • (2002) Nat Immunol , vol.3 , pp. 1061-1068
    • Migueles, S.A.1    Laborico, A.C.2    Shupert, W.L.3
  • 38
    • 34249852256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV controllers exhibit potent CD8 T cell capacity to suppress HIV infection ex vivo and peculiar cytotoxic T lymphocyte activation phenotype
    • 10.1073/pnas.0611244104
    • A Saez-Cirion C Lacabaratz O Lambotte 2007 HIV controllers exhibit potent CD8 T cell capacity to suppress HIV infection ex vivo and peculiar cytotoxic T lymphocyte activation phenotype Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104 6776 6781 10.1073/pnas.0611244104
    • (2007) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.104 , pp. 6776-6781
    • Saez-Cirion, A.1    Lacabaratz, C.2    Lambotte, O.3
  • 39
    • 0034600786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + T cells produce antiviral cytokines but are impaired in cytolytic function
    • 10.1084/jem.192.1.63
    • + T cells produce antiviral cytokines but are impaired in cytolytic function J Exp Med 192 63 75 10.1084/jem.192.1.63
    • (2000) J Exp Med , vol.192 , pp. 63-75
    • Appay, V.1    Nixon, D.F.2    Donahoe, S.M.3
  • 40
    • 0035282444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skewed maturation of memory HIV-specific CD8 T lymphocytes
    • 10.1038/35065118
    • P Champagne GS Ogg AS King 2001 Skewed maturation of memory HIV-specific CD8 T lymphocytes Nature 410 106 111 10.1038/35065118
    • (2001) Nature , vol.410 , pp. 106-111
    • Champagne, P.1    Ogg, G.S.2    King, A.S.3
  • 41
    • 33748947326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PD-1 expression on HIV-specific T cells is associated with T-cell exhaustion and disease progression
    • 10.1038/nature05115
    • CL Day DE Kaufmann P Kiepiela 2006 PD-1 expression on HIV-specific T cells is associated with T-cell exhaustion and disease progression Nature 443 350 354 10.1038/nature05115
    • (2006) Nature , vol.443 , pp. 350-354
    • Day, C.L.1    Kaufmann, D.E.2    Kiepiela, P.3
  • 43
    • 33749009709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + T cells leads to reversible immune dysfunction
    • 10.1038/nm1482
    • + T cells leads to reversible immune dysfunction Nat Med 12 1198 1202 10.1038/nm1482
    • (2006) Nat Med , vol.12 , pp. 1198-1202
    • Trautmann, L.1    Janbazian, L.2    Chomont, N.3
  • 44
    • 0027297036 scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis in AIDS
    • 10.1126/science.8098552
    • M-L Gougeon L Montagnier 1993 Apoptosis in AIDS Science 260 1269 1270 10.1126/science.8098552
    • (1993) Science , vol.260 , pp. 1269-1270
    • Gougeon, M.-L.1    Montagnier, L.2
  • 45
    • 0026667222 scopus 로고
    • Programmed death of T cells in HIV-1 infection
    • 10.1126/science.1352911
    • L Meyaard SA Otto RR Jonker 1992 Programmed death of T cells in HIV-1 infection Science 257 217 219 10.1126/science.1352911
    • (1992) Science , vol.257 , pp. 217-219
    • Meyaard, L.1    Otto, S.A.2    Jonker, R.R.3
  • 46
    • 36849094070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-presentation of caspase-cleaved apoptotic self antigens in HIV infection
    • 10.1038/nm1679
    • PM Rawson C Molette M Videtta 2007 Cross-presentation of caspase-cleaved apoptotic self antigens in HIV infection Nat Med 13 1431 1439 10.1038/nm1679
    • (2007) Nat Med , vol.13 , pp. 1431-1439
    • Rawson, P.M.1    Molette, C.2    Videtta, M.3
  • 47
    • 27644484061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy: Molecular machinery for self-eating
    • 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401765
    • T Yorimitsu DJ Klionsky 2005 Autophagy: molecular machinery for self-eating Cell Death Differ S2 1542 1552 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401765
    • (2005) Cell Death Differ , vol.2 , pp. 1542-1552
    • Yorimitsu, T.1    Klionsky, D.J.2
  • 48
    • 34447629523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Innate and adaptive immunity through autophagy
    • 10.1016/j.immuni.2007.07.004
    • D Schmid C Münz 2007 Innate and adaptive immunity through autophagy Immunity 27 11 21 10.1016/j.immuni.2007.07.004
    • (2007) Immunity , vol.27 , pp. 11-21
    • Schmid, D.1    Münz, C.2
  • 49
    • 33947134377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy-dependent viral recognition by plasmacytoid dendritic cells
    • 10.1126/science.1136880
    • HK Lee JM Lund B Ramanathan N Mizushima A Iwasaki 2007 Autophagy-dependent viral recognition by plasmacytoid dendritic cells Science 315 1398 1401 10.1126/science.1136880
    • (2007) Science , vol.315 , pp. 1398-1401
    • Lee, H.K.1    Lund, J.M.2    Ramanathan, B.3    Mizushima, N.4    Iwasaki, A.5
  • 50
    • 58149083753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV-1 gp41 fusogenic function triggers autophagy in uninfected cells
    • M Denizot M Varbanov L Espert 2008 HIV-1 gp41 fusogenic function triggers autophagy in uninfected cells Autophagy 4 998 1008
    • (2008) Autophagy , vol.4 , pp. 998-1008
    • Denizot, M.1    Varbanov, M.2    Espert, L.3
  • 51
    • 41349095737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 infection inhibits autophagy
    • D Zhou SA Spector 2008 Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 infection inhibits autophagy AIDS 22 695 699
    • (2008) AIDS , vol.22 , pp. 695-699
    • Zhou, D.1    Spector, S.A.2
  • 52
    • 56749170677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagic cell death: The story of a misnomer
    • 10.1038/nrm2529
    • G Kroemer B Levine 2008 Autophagic cell death: the story of a misnomer Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 9 1004 1010 10.1038/nrm2529
    • (2008) Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol , vol.9 , pp. 1004-1010
    • Kroemer, G.1    Levine, B.2
  • 53
    • 49349090155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Huntington's disease: Degradation of mutant huntingtin by autophagy
    • 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06562.x
    • S Sarkar DC Rubinsztein 2008 Huntington's disease: degradation of mutant huntingtin by autophagy FEBS J 275 4263 4270 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06562.x
    • (2008) FEBS J , vol.275 , pp. 4263-4270
    • Sarkar, S.1    Rubinsztein, D.C.2
  • 54
    • 34347344990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ambra1 regulates autophagy and development of the nervous system
    • GM Fimia A Stoykova A Romagnoli 2007 Ambra1 regulates autophagy and development of the nervous system Nature 447 1121 1125
    • (2007) Nature , vol.447 , pp. 1121-1125
    • Fimia, G.M.1    Stoykova, A.2    Romagnoli, A.3
  • 56
    • 53549096775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased neuronal autophagy in HIV dementia: A mechanism of indirect neurotoxicity
    • M Alirezaei WB Kiosses HS Fox 2008 Decreased neuronal autophagy in HIV dementia: a mechanism of indirect neurotoxicity Autophagy 4 963 966
    • (2008) Autophagy , vol.4 , pp. 963-966
    • Alirezaei, M.1    Kiosses, W.B.2    Fox, H.S.3
  • 57
    • 33749324118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reinvigorating exhausted HIV-specific T cells via PD-1-PD-1 ligand blockade
    • 10.1084/jem.20061800
    • GJ Freeman EJ Wherry R Ahmed AH Sharpe 2006 Reinvigorating exhausted HIV-specific T cells via PD-1-PD-1 ligand blockade J Exp Med 203 2223 2227 10.1084/jem.20061800
    • (2006) J Exp Med , vol.203 , pp. 2223-2227
    • Freeman, G.J.1    Wherry, E.J.2    Ahmed, R.3    Sharpe, A.H.4
  • 58
    • 0034657296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alteration of tumor necrosis factor-alpha T-cell homeostasis following potent antiretroviral therapy: Contribution to the development of human immunodeficiency virus-associated lipodystrophy syndrome
    • E Ledru N Christeff O Patey P de Truchis JC Melchior ML Gougeon 2000 Alteration of tumor necrosis factor-alpha T-cell homeostasis following potent antiretroviral therapy: contribution to the development of human immunodeficiency virus-associated lipodystrophy syndrome Blood 95 3191 3198
    • (2000) Blood , vol.95 , pp. 3191-3198
    • Ledru, E.1    Christeff, N.2    Patey, O.3    De Truchis, P.4    Melchior, J.C.5    Gougeon, M.L.6
  • 59
    • 39349097864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of host proteins required for HIV infection through a functional genomic screen
    • 10.1126/science.1152725
    • AL Brass DM Dykxhoorn Y Benita 2008 Identification of host proteins required for HIV infection through a functional genomic screen Science 319 921 926 10.1126/science.1152725
    • (2008) Science , vol.319 , pp. 921-926
    • Brass, A.L.1    Dykxhoorn, D.M.2    Benita, Y.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.