Examining the non-linear relationship between monoclonal antiphospholipid antibody sequence, structure and function

Lupus

Volumn 17, Issue 10, 2008, Pages 895-903

  Giles, Ian ^a,b   Lambrianides, A ^a   Rahman, A ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Antiphospholipid antibodies; Antiphospholipid syndrome; Function; Sequence

Indexed keywords

BETA2 GLYCOPROTEIN 1 ANTIBODY; CARDIOLIPIN ANTIBODY; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G ANTIBODY; LUPUS ANTICOAGULANT; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; PHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODY; BETA2 GLYCOPROTEIN 1; PHOSPHOLIPID;

ANTIBODY AFFINITY; ANTIBODY COMBINING SITE; ANTIBODY DETECTION; ANTIBODY STRUCTURE; ANTIGEN ANTIBODY COMPLEX; ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME; COMPLEMENTARITY DETERMINING REGION; HUMAN; MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; SOMATIC HYPERMUTATION; THROMBOSIS; GENETICS; PATHOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY;

ANTIBODIES, ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID; ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME; BETA 2-GLYCOPROTEIN I; BINDING SITES, ANTIBODY; HUMANS; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; THROMBOSIS;

EID: 59649105528     PISSN: 09612033     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0961203308091541     Document Type: Review

References (83)

1. Miyakis S Lockshin MD Atsumi T. International consensus statement on an update of the classification criteria for definite antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). J Thromb Haemost 2006;4:295-306.
2. Galli M Borrelli G Jacobsen EM. Clinical significance of different antiphospholipid antibodies in the WAPS (warfarin in the antiphospholipid syndrome) study. Blood 2007;110:1178-1183.
3. Bertolaccini ML Mepani K Sanna G Hughes GR Khamashta MA. Factor XII autoantibodies as a novel marker for thrombosis and adverse obstetric history in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 2007;66:533-536.
4. Galli M Luciani D Bertolini G Barbui T. Lupus anticoagulants are stronger risk factors for thrombosis than anticardiolipin antibodies in the antiphospholipid syndrome: A systematic review of the literature. Blood 2003;101:1827-1832.
5. Sanmarco M Gayet S Alessi MC. Antiphosphatidylethanolamine antibodies are associated with an increased odds ratio for thrombosis. A multicenter study with the participation of the European Forum on antiphospholipid antibodies. Thromb Haemost 2007;97:949-954.
6. Giannakopoulos B Passam F Rahgozar S Krilis SA. Current concepts on the pathogenesis of the antiphospholipid syndrome. Blood 2007;109:422-430.
7. Pierangeli SS Chen PP Gonzalez EB. Antiphospholipid antibodies and the antiphospholipid syndrome: An update on treatment and pathogenic mechanisms. Curr Opin Hematol 2006;13:366-375.
8. Pierangeli SS Harris EN. Antiphospholipid antibodies in an in vivo thrombosis model in mice. Lupus 1994;3:247-251.
9. Blank M Cohen J Toder V Shoenfeld Y. Induction of anti-phospholipid syndrome in naive mice with mouse lupus monoclonal and human polyclonal anti-cardiolipin antibodies. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991;88:3069-3073.
10. Ikematsu W Luan FL La Rosa L. Human anticardiolipin monoclonal autoantibodies cause placental necrosis and fetal loss in BALB/c mice. Arthritis Rheum 1998;41:1026-1039.
11. Lynch A Marlar R Murphy J. Antiphospholipid antibodies in predicting adverse pregnancy outcome. A prospective study. Ann Intern Med 1994;120:470-475.
12. Vaarala O Manttari M Manninen V. Anti-cardiolipin antibodies and risk of myocardial infarction in a prospective cohort of middle-aged men. Circulation 1995;91:23-27.
13. Schulman S Svenungsson E Granqvist S. Anticardiolipin antibodies predict early recurrence of thromboembolism and death among patients with venous thromboembolism following anticoagulant therapy. Duration of Anticoagulation Study Group. Am J Med 1998;104:332-338.
14. Finazzi G Brancaccio V Moia M. Natural history and risk factors for thrombosis in 360 patients with antiphospholipid antibodies: A four-year prospective study from the Italian Registry. Am J Med 1996;100:530-536.
15. Arbuckle MR McClain MT Rubertone MV. Development of autoantibodies before the clinical onset of systemic lupus erythematosus. N Engl J Med 2003;349:1526-1533.
16. McClain MT Arbuckle MR Heinlen LD. The prevalence, onset, and clinical significance of antiphospholipid antibodies prior to diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 2004;50:1226-1232.
17. Greaves M Cohen H MacHin SJ Mackie I. Guidelines on the investigation and management of the antiphospholipid syndrome. Br J Haematol 2000;109:704-715.
18. Loizou S Mackworth-Young CG Cofiner C Walport MJ. Heterogeneity of binding reactivity to different phospholipids of antibodies from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and with syphilis. Clin Exp Immunol 1990;80:171-176.
19. McNeil HP Simpson RJ Chesterman CN Krilis SA. Anti-phospholipid antibodies are directed against a complex antigen that includes a lipid-binding inhibitor of coagulation: Beta 2-glycoprotein I (apolipoprotein H). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1990;87:4120-4124.
20. Tsutsumi A Matsuura E Ichikawa K. Antibodies to beta 2-glycoprotein I and clinical manifestations in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 1996;39:1466-1474.
21. Nash MJ Camilleri RS Kunka S Mackie IJ Machin SJ Cohen H. The anticardiolipin assay is required for sensitive screening for antiphospholipid antibodies. J Thromb Haemost 2004;2:1077-1081.
22. Chothia C Lesk AM Tramontano A. Conformations of immunoglobulin hypervariable regions. Nature 1989;342:877-883.
23. Wu TT Kabat EA. An analysis of the sequences of the variable regions of Bence Jones proteins and myeloma light chains and their implications for antibody complementarity. J Exp Med 1970;132:211-250.
24. Amzel LM Poljak RJ Saul F Varga JM Richards FF. The three dimensional structure of a combining region-ligand complex of immunoglobulin NEW at 3.5-A resolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1974;71:1427-1430.
25. Tonegawa S. Somatic generation of antibody diversity. Nature 1983;302:575-581.
26. Rahman A Giles I. Structure and function of autoantibodies and their role in autoimmune diseases. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2006;2:225-236.
27. Storb U. The molecular basis of somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes. Curr Opin Immunol 1996;8:206-214.
28. Berek C Milstein C. The dynamic nature of the antibody repertoire. Immunol Rev 1988;105:5-26.
29. Wagner SD Neuberger MS. Somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes. Annu Rev Immunol 1996;14:441-457.
30. Shlomchik MJ Marshak-Rothstein A Wolfowicz CB Rothstein TL Weigert MG. The role of clonal selection and somatic mutation in autoimmunity. Nature 1987;328:805-811.
31. Goodnow CC. Multistep pathogenesis of autoimmune disease. Cell 2007;130:25-35.
32. Giles IP Haley JD Nagl S Isenberg DA Latchman DS Rahman A. A systematic analysis of sequences of human antiphospholipid and anti- beta2-glycoprotein I antibodies: The importance of somatic mutations and certain sequence motifs. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2003;32:246-265.
33. Giles I Isenberg D Rahman A. Lessons from sequence analysis of monoclonal antiphospholipid antibodies. In: MA Khamashta, (ed), Hughes syndrome: Antiphospholipid syndrome. 2nd ed. London: Springer-Verlag; 2005: 470-491.
34. Dersimonian H Schwartz RS Barrett KJ Stollar BD. Relationship of human variable region heavy chain germ-line genes to genes encoding anti-DNA autoantibodies. J Immunol 1987;139:2496-2501.
35. Hoch S Schwaber J. Identification and sequence of the VH gene elements encoding a human anti-DNA antibody. J Immunol 1987;139:1689-1693.
36. Siminovitch KA Misener V Kwong PC Song QL Chen PP. A natural autoantibody is encoded by germline heavy and lambda light chain variable region genes without somatic mutation. J Clin Invest 1989;84:1675-1678.
37. Cairns E Kwong PC Misener V Ip P Bell DA Siminovitch KA. Analysis of variable region genes encoding a human anti-DNA antibody of normal origin. Implications for the molecular basis of human autoimmune responses. J Immunol 1989;143:685-691.
38. Logtenberg T Young FM Van Es JH Gmelig-Meyling FH Alt FW. Autoantibodies encoded by the most Jh-proximal human immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region gene. J Exp Med 1989;170:1347-1355.
39. Rioux JD Zdarsky E Newkirk MM Rauch J. Anti-DNA and anti-platelet specificities of SLE-derived autoantibodies: Evidence for CDR2H mutations and CDR3H motifs. Mol Immunol 1995;32:683-696.
40. Hohmann A Cairns E Brisco M Bell DA Diamond B. Immunoglobulin gene sequence analysis of anti-cardiolipin and anti- cardiolipin idiotype (H3) human monoclonal antibodies. Autoimmunity 1995;22:49-58.
41. Siminovitch KA Misener V Kwong PC. A human anti-cardiolipin autoantibody is encoded by developementally restricted heavy and light chain variable region genes. Autoimmunity 1990;8:97-105.
42. Mariette X Levy Y Dubreuil ML Intrator L Danon F Brouet JC. Characterization of a human monoclonal autoantibody directed to cardiolipin/beta 2 glycoprotein I produced by chronic lymphocytic leukaemia B cells. Clin Exp Immunol 1993;94:385-390.
43. Harmer IJ Loizou S Thompson KM So AK Walport MJ Mackworth-Young C. A human monoclonal antiphospholipid antibody that is representative of serum antibodies and is germline encoded. Arthritis Rheum 1995;38:1068-1076.
44. Denomme GA Mahmoudi M Cairns E Bell DA. Immunoglobulin V region sequences of two human antiplatelet monoclonal autoantibodies derived from B cells of normal origin. J Autoimmun 1994;7:521-535.
45. Demaison C Ravirajan CT Isenberg DA Zouali M. Analysis of variable region genes encoding anti-Sm and anti-cardiolipin antibodies from a systemic lupus erythematosus patient. Immunology 1995;86:487-494.
46. Lai CJ Rauch J Cho CS Zhao Y Chukwuocha RU Chen PP. Immunological and molecular analysis of three monoclonal lupus anticoagulant antibodies from a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Autoimmun 1998;11:39-51.
47. Gallart T Benito C Reverter JC. True anti-anionic phospholipid immunoglobulin M antibodies can exert lupus anticoagulant activity. Br J Haematol 2002;116:875-886.
48. Van Es JH Aanstoot H Gmelig-Meyling FH Derksen RH Logtenberg T. A human systemic lupus erythematosus-related anti-cardiolipin/single- stranded DNA autoantibody is encoded by a somatically mutated variant of the developmentally restricted 51P1 VH gene. J Immunol 1992;149:2234-2240.
49. Menon S Rahman MA Ravirajan CT. The production, binding characteristics and sequence analysis of four human IgG monoclonal antiphospholipid antibodies. J Autoimmun 1997;10:43-57.
50. Chukwuocha RU Hsiao ET Shaw P Witztum JL Chen PP. Isolation, characterization and sequence analysis of five IgG monoclonal anti-beta 2-glycoprotein-1 and anti-prothrombin antigen- binding fragments generated by phage display. J Immunol 1999;163:4604-4611.
51. von Landenberg C Lackner KJ von Landenberg P Lang B Schmitz G. Isolation and characterization of two human monoclonal anti- phospholipid IgG from patients with autoimmune disease. J Autoimmun 1999;13:215-223.
52. Ehrenstein MR Longhurst CM Latchman DS Isenberg DA. Serological and genetic characterization of a human monoclonal immunoglobulin G anti-DNA idiotype. J Clin Invest 1994;93:1787-1797.
53. Lieby P Soley A Levallois H. The clonal analysis of anticardiolipin antibodies in a single patient with primary antiphospholipid syndrome reveals an extreme antibody heterogeneity. Blood 2001;97:3820-3828.
54. Lieby P Poindron V Roussi S. Pathogenic antiphospholipid antibody: An antigen-selected needle in a haystack. Blood 2004;104:1711-1715.
55. Buschmann C Fischer C Ochsenhirt V Neukirch C Lackner KJ von Landenberg P. Generation and characterization of three monoclonal IgM antiphospholipid antibodies recognizing different phospholipid antigens. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2005;1051:240-254.
56. Languren M Becerril B Cabral AR. Characterization of monoclonal anti-beta2-glycoprotein-I and anti-prothrombin antibody fragments generated by phage display from a patient with primary antiphospholipid syndrome. J Autoimmun 2006;26:57-65.
57. Ignatovich O Tomlinson IM Jones PT Winter G. The creation of diversity in the human immunoglobulin V(lambda) repertoire. J Mol Biol 1997;268:69-77.
58. Cox JP Tomlinson IM Winter G. A directory of human germ-line V kappa segments reveals a strong bias in their usage. Eur J Immunol 1994;24:827-836.
59. de Wildt RM Tomlinson IM van Venrooij WJ Winter G Hoet RM. Comparable heavy and light chain pairings in normal and systemic lupus erythematosus IgG(+) B cells. Eur J Immunol 2000;30:254-261.
60. Brezinschek HP Foster SJ Brezinschek R Dorner T Domiati-Saad R Lipsky PE. Analysis of the human VH gene repertoire. Differential effects of selection and somatic hypermutation on human peripheral CD5(+)/IgM+ and CD5(-)/IgM+ B cells. J Clin Invest 1997;99:2488-2501.
61. Corbett SJ Tomlinson IM Sonnhammer EL Buck D Winter G. Sequence of the human immunoglobulin diversity (D) segment locus: A systematic analysis provides no evidence for the use of DIR segments, inverted D segments, "minor" D segments or D-D recombination. J Mol Biol 1997;270:587-597.
62. Dorner T Farner NL Lipsky PE. Ig lambda and heavy chain gene usage in early untreated systemic lupus erythematosus suggests intensive B cell stimulation. J Immunol 1999;163:1027-1036.
63. Muramatsu M Kinoshita K Fagarasan S Yamada S Shinkai Y Honjo T. Class switch recombination and hypermutation require activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), a potential RNA editing enzyme. Cell 2000;102:553-563.
64. Lossos IS Tibshirani R Narasimhan B Levy R. The inference of antigen selection on Ig genes. J Immunol 2000;165:5122-5126.
65. Giles IP Isenberg DA Rahman A. Lessons from sequence analysis of monoclonal antiphospholipid antibodies. 2nd ed. London, UK: Springer; 2006.
66. Giles IP Isenberg DA Latchman DS Rahman A. How do antiphospholipid antibodies bind beta2-glycoprotein I? Arthritis Rheum 2003;48:2111-2121.
67. Pierangeli SS Liu X Espinola R. Functional analyses of patient-derived IgG monoclonal anticardiolipin antibodies using in vivo thrombosis and in vivo microcirculation models. Thromb Haemost 2000;84:388-395.
68. Chukwuocha R Zhu M Cho C. Molecular and genetic characterizations of five pathogenic and two non- pathogenic monoclonal antiphospholipid antibodies. Mol Immunol 2002;39:299-311.
69. Giles IP Haley J Nagl S. Relative importance of different human aPL derived heavy and light chains in the binding of aPL to cardiolipin. Mol Immunol 2003;40:49-60.
70. Persic L Roberts A Wilton J Cattaneo A Bradbury A Hoogenboom HR. An integrated vector system for the eukaryotic expression of antibodies or their fragments after selection from phage display libraries. Gene 1997;187:9-18.
71. Rahman A Haley J Latchman DS. Molecular expression systems for anti-DNA antibodies-1. Lupus 2002;11:824-832.
72. Giles I Lambrianedes N Latchman D. The critical role of arginine residues in the binding of human antiphospholipid antibodies to cardiolipin. Arthritis Res Ther 2005;7:R47-R56.
73. Giles I Lambrianides N Pattni N. Arginine residues are important in determining the binding of human monoclonal antiphospholipid antibodies to clinically relevant antigens. J Immunol 2006;177:1729-1736.
74. Lambrianides A Giles I Ioannou Y. Arginine mutation alters binding of a human monoclonal antibody to antigens linked to systemic lupus erythematosus and the antiphospholipid syndrome. Arthritis Rheum 2007;56:2392-2401.
75. Wellmann U Letz M Herrmann M Angermuller S Kalden JR Winkler TH. The evolution of human anti-double-stranded DNA autoantibodies. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005;102:9258-9263.
76. Cocca BA Seal SN D'Agnillo P. Structural basis for autoantibody recognition of phosphatidylserine- beta 2 glycoprotein I and apoptotic cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001;98:13826-13831.
77. Zhu M Olee T Le DT. Characterization of IgG monoclonal anti-cardiolipin/ anti-beta2GP1 antibodies from two patients with antiphospholipid syndrome reveals three species of antibodies. Br J Haematol 1999;105:102-109.
78. Giles I Liu X Newton-West M. The light chain of a human monoclonal antiphospholipid antibody has a dramatic influence on its functional properties in an in vivo mouse model. Arthritis Rheum 2006;54:S559.
79. Patocs A Zhang L Xu Y. Breast-cancer stromal cells with TP53 mutations and nodal metastases. N Engl J Med 2007;357:2543-2551.
80. O'Brien SG Guilhot F Larson RA. Imatinib compared with interferon and low-dose cytarabine for newly diagnosed chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia. N Engl J Med 2003;348:994-1004.
81. Cervera R Piette JC Font J. Antiphospholipid syndrome: Clinical and immunologic manifestations and patterns of disease expression in a cohort of 1,000 patients. Arthritis Rheum 2002;46:1019-1027.
82. Ioannou Y Giles I Lambrianides A. A novel expression system of domain I of human beta2 glycoprotein I in Escherichia coli. BMC Biotechnol 2006;6:8.
83. Ioannou Y Pericleous C Giles I Latchman DS Isenberg DA Rahman A. Binding of antiphospholipid antibodies to discontinuous epitopes on domain I of human beta(2)-glycoprotein I: Mutation studies including residues R39 to R43. Arthritis Rheum 2007;56:280-290.