메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 29, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 307-318

Role of protein kinase C and μ-opioid receptor (MOPr) desensitization in tolerance to morphine in rat locus coeruleus neurons

Author keywords

Desensitization; Morphine; Opiates; Tolerance

Indexed keywords

ALPHA 2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR; MORPHINE; OPIATE RECEPTOR; PROTEIN KINASE C; PROTEIN KINASE C INHIBITOR;

EID: 58449100187     PISSN: 0953816X     EISSN: 14609568     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06573.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (84)

References (51)
  • 2
    • 0345305690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mu-opioid receptor desensitization in mature rat neurons: Lack of interaction between DAMGO and morphine
    • Bailey, C.P., Couch, D., Johnson, E., Griffiths, K., Kelly, E. Henderson, G. (2003) Mu-opioid receptor desensitization in mature rat neurons: lack of interaction between DAMGO and morphine. J. Neurosci., 23, 10515 10520.
    • (2003) J. Neurosci. , vol.23 , pp. 10515-10520
    • Bailey, C.P.1    Couch, D.2    Johnson, E.3    Griffiths, K.4    Kelly, E.5    Henderson, G.6
  • 3
    • 9444274109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protein kinase C activation enhances morphine-induced rapid desensitization of mu-opioid receptors in mature rat locus ceruleus neurons
    • Bailey, C.P., Kelly, E. Henderson, G. (2004) Protein kinase C activation enhances morphine-induced rapid desensitization of mu-opioid receptors in mature rat locus ceruleus neurons. Mol. Pharmacol., 66, 1592 1598.
    • (2004) Mol. Pharmacol. , vol.66 , pp. 1592-1598
    • Bailey, C.P.1    Kelly, E.2    Henderson, G.3
  • 4
    • 33750018978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How important is protein kinase C in mu-opioid receptor desensitization and morphine tolerance
    • Bailey, C.P., Smith, F.L., Kelly, E., Dewey, W.L. Henderson, G. (2006) How important is protein kinase C in mu-opioid receptor desensitization and morphine tolerance Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 27, 558 565.
    • (2006) Trends Pharmacol. Sci. , vol.27 , pp. 558-565
    • Bailey, C.P.1    Smith, F.L.2    Kelly, E.3    Dewey, W.L.4    Henderson, G.5
  • 5
    • 0021990306 scopus 로고
    • An operational model of pharmacological agonism: The effect of E/[A] curve shape on agonist dissociation constant estimation
    • Black, J.W., Leff, P., Shankley, N.P. Wood, J. (1985) An operational model of pharmacological agonism: the effect of E/[A] curve shape on agonist dissociation constant estimation. Br. J. Pharmacol., 84, 561 571.
    • (1985) Br. J. Pharmacol. , vol.84 , pp. 561-571
    • Black, J.W.1    Leff, P.2    Shankley, N.P.3    Wood, J.4
  • 6
    • 0036895747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential mechanisms of morphine antinociceptive tolerance revealed in (beta)arrestin-2 knock-out mice
    • Bohn, L.M., Lefkowitz, R.J. Caron, M.G. (2002) Differential mechanisms of morphine antinociceptive tolerance revealed in (beta)arrestin-2 knock-out mice. J. Neurosci., 22, 10494 11050.
    • (2002) J. Neurosci. , vol.22 , pp. 10494-11050
    • Bohn, L.M.1    Lefkowitz, R.J.2    Caron, M.G.3
  • 7
    • 0035542854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular transporters for peptides: Delivery of a cardioprotective epsilonPKC agonist peptide into cells and intact ischemic heart using a transport system, R(7)
    • Chen, L., Wright, L.R., Chen, C.H., Oliver, S.F., Wender, P.A. Mochly-Rosen, D. (2001) Molecular transporters for peptides: delivery of a cardioprotective epsilonPKC agonist peptide into cells and intact ischemic heart using a transport system, R(7). Chem. Biol., 8, 1123 1129.
    • (2001) Chem. Biol. , vol.8 , pp. 1123-1129
    • Chen, L.1    Wright, L.R.2    Chen, C.H.3    Oliver, S.F.4    Wender, P.A.5    Mochly-Rosen, D.6
  • 8
    • 0023510867 scopus 로고
    • Cellular mechanisms of opioid tolerance: Studies in single brain neurons
    • Christie, M.J., Williams, J.T. North, R.A. (1987) Cellular mechanisms of opioid tolerance: studies in single brain neurons. Mol. Pharmacol., 32, 633 638.
    • (1987) Mol. Pharmacol. , vol.32 , pp. 633-638
    • Christie, M.J.1    Williams, J.T.2    North, R.A.3
  • 9
    • 10044280635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mu-opioid receptor desensitization: Is morphine different
    • Connor, M., Osborne, P.B. Christie, M.J. (2004) Mu-opioid receptor desensitization: is morphine different Br. J. Pharmacol., 143, 685 696.
    • (2004) Br. J. Pharmacol. , vol.143 , pp. 685-696
    • Connor, M.1    Osborne, P.B.2    Christie, M.J.3
  • 10
    • 25144435574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphine-induced mu-opioid receptor desensitization
    • Dang, V.C. Williams, J.T. (2005) Morphine-induced mu-opioid receptor desensitization. Mol. Pharmacol., 68, 1127 1132.
    • (2005) Mol. Pharmacol. , vol.68 , pp. 1127-1132
    • Dang, V.C.1    Williams, J.T.2
  • 11
    • 0025093603 scopus 로고
    • The selective CCK-B receptor antagonist L-365,260 enhances morphine analgesia and prevents morphine tolerance in the rat
    • Dourish, C.T., O'Neill, M.F., Coughlan, J., Kitchener, S.J., Hawley, D. Iversen, S.D. (1990) The selective CCK-B receptor antagonist L-365,260 enhances morphine analgesia and prevents morphine tolerance in the rat. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 176, 35 44.
    • (1990) Eur. J. Pharmacol. , vol.176 , pp. 35-44
    • Dourish, C.T.1    O'Neill, M.F.2    Coughlan, J.3    Kitchener, S.J.4    Hawley, D.5    Iversen, S.D.6
  • 12
    • 0035819078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endocytosis of the mu opioid receptor reduces tolerance and a cellular hallmark of opiate withdrawal
    • Finn, A.K. Whistler, J.L. (2001) Endocytosis of the mu opioid receptor reduces tolerance and a cellular hallmark of opiate withdrawal. Neuron, 32, 829 839.
    • (2001) Neuron , vol.32 , pp. 829-839
    • Finn, A.K.1    Whistler, J.L.2
  • 13
    • 34447326444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for an important role of protein phosphatases in the mechanism of morphine tolerance
    • Gabra, B.H., Bailey, C.P., Kelly, E., Sanders, A.V., Henderson, G., Smith, F.L. Dewey, W.L. (2007) Evidence for an important role of protein phosphatases in the mechanism of morphine tolerance. Brain Res., 1159, 86 93.
    • (2007) Brain Res. , vol.1159 , pp. 86-93
    • Gabra, B.H.1    Bailey, C.P.2    Kelly, E.3    Sanders, A.V.4    Henderson, G.5    Smith, F.L.6    Dewey, W.L.7
  • 15
    • 0034176522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinal PKC activity and expression: Role in tolerance produced by continuous spinal morphine infusion
    • Granados-Soto, V., Kalcheva, I., Hua, Y., Newton, A. Yaksh, T.L. (2000) Spinal PKC activity and expression: role in tolerance produced by continuous spinal morphine infusion. Pain, 85, 395 404.
    • (2000) Pain , vol.85 , pp. 395-404
    • Granados-Soto, V.1    Kalcheva, I.2    Hua, Y.3    Newton, A.4    Yaksh, T.L.5
  • 16
    • 23944437411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphine promotes rapid, arrestin-dependent endocytosis of mu-opioid receptors in striatal neurons
    • Haberstock-Debic, H., Kim, K.A., Yu, Y.J. von Zastrow, M. (2005) Morphine promotes rapid, arrestin-dependent endocytosis of mu-opioid receptors in striatal neurons. J. Neurosci., 25, 7847 7857.
    • (2005) J. Neurosci. , vol.25 , pp. 7847-7857
    • Haberstock-Debic, H.1    Kim, K.A.2    Yu, Y.J.3    Von Zastrow, M.4
  • 17
    • 0025938571 scopus 로고
    • Transient homologous mu-opioid receptor desensitization in rat locus coeruleus neurons
    • Harris, G.C. Williams, J.T. (1991) Transient homologous mu-opioid receptor desensitization in rat locus coeruleus neurons. J. Neurosci., 11, 2574 2581.
    • (1991) J. Neurosci. , vol.11 , pp. 2574-2581
    • Harris, G.C.1    Williams, J.T.2
  • 18
    • 0037008344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of spinal protein kinase Calpha expression by an antisense oligonucleotide attenuates morphine infusion-induced tolerance
    • Hua, X.Y., Moore, A., Malkmus, S., Murray, S.F., Dean, N., Yaksh, T.L. Butler, M. (2002) Inhibition of spinal protein kinase Calpha expression by an antisense oligonucleotide attenuates morphine infusion-induced tolerance. Neuroscience, 113, 99 107.
    • (2002) Neuroscience , vol.113 , pp. 99-107
    • Hua, X.Y.1    Moore, A.2    Malkmus, S.3    Murray, S.F.4    Dean, N.5    Yaksh, T.L.6    Butler, M.7
  • 19
    • 49549106922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tolerance to repeated morphine administration is associated with increase potency of opioid agonists
    • Ingram, S.L., Macey, T.A., Fossum, E.N. Morgan, M.M. (2008) Tolerance to repeated morphine administration is associated with increase potency of opioid agonists. Neuropsychopharm., 33, 2494 2504.
    • (2008) Neuropsychopharm. , vol.33 , pp. 2494-2504
    • Ingram, S.L.1    MacEy, T.A.2    Fossum, E.N.3    Morgan, M.M.4
  • 20
    • 0034011235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protein kinase C-mediated acute tolerance to peripheral mu-opioid analgesia in the bradykinin-nociception test in mice
    • Inoue, M. Ueda, H. (2000) Protein kinase C-mediated acute tolerance to peripheral mu-opioid analgesia in the bradykinin-nociception test in mice. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 293, 662 669.
    • (2000) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.293 , pp. 662-669
    • Inoue, M.1    Ueda, H.2
  • 21
    • 0029745535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A protein kinase C translocation inhibitor as an isozyme-selective antagonist of cardiac function
    • Johnson, J.A., Gray, M.O., Chen, C. Mochly-Rosen, D. (1996) A protein kinase C translocation inhibitor as an isozyme-selective antagonist of cardiac function. J. Biol. Chem., 271, 24962 24966.
    • (1996) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.271 , pp. 24962-24966
    • Johnson, J.A.1    Gray, M.O.2    Chen, C.3    Mochly-Rosen, D.4
  • 23
    • 40349114499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agonist-selective mechanisms of GPCR desensitisation
    • Kelly, E., Bailey, C.P. Henderson, G. (2008) Agonist-selective mechanisms of GPCR desensitisation. Br. J. Pharmacol., 153 (Suppl. 1 S379 S388.
    • (2008) Br. J. Pharmacol. , vol.153 , Issue.1
    • Kelly, E.1    Bailey, C.P.2    Henderson, G.3
  • 24
    • 0025250147 scopus 로고
    • Multiple pathways of rapid beta 2-adrenergic receptor desensitisation. Delineation with specific inhibitors
    • Lohse, M.J., Benovic, J.L., Caron, M.G. Lefkowitz, R.J. (1990) Multiple pathways of rapid beta 2-adrenergic receptor desensitisation. Delineation with specific inhibitors. J. Biol. Chem., 265, 3202 3211.
    • (1990) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.265 , pp. 3202-3211
    • Lohse, M.J.1    Benovic, J.L.2    Caron, M.G.3    Lefkowitz, R.J.4
  • 26
    • 0034001105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A locus and mechanism of action for associative morphine tolerance
    • Mitchell, J.M., Basbaum, A.I. Fields, H.L. (2000) A locus and mechanism of action for associative morphine tolerance. Nat. Neurosci., 3, 47 53.
    • (2000) Nat. Neurosci. , vol.3 , pp. 47-53
    • Mitchell, J.M.1    Basbaum, A.I.2    Fields, H.L.3
  • 28
    • 0021891147 scopus 로고
    • On the potassium conductance increased by opioids in rat locus coeruleus neurones
    • North, R.A. Williams, J.T. (1985) On the potassium conductance increased by opioids in rat locus coeruleus neurones. J. Physiol., 364, 265 280.
    • (1985) J. Physiol. , vol.364 , pp. 265-280
    • North, R.A.1    Williams, J.T.2
  • 29
    • 0029088229 scopus 로고
    • Characterisation of acute homologous desensitisation of mu-opioid receptor-induced currents in locus coeruleus neurones
    • Osborne, P.B. Williams, J.T. (1995) Characterisation of acute homologous desensitisation of mu-opioid receptor-induced currents in locus coeruleus neurones. Br. J. Pharmacol., 115, 925 932.
    • (1995) Br. J. Pharmacol. , vol.115 , pp. 925-932
    • Osborne, P.B.1    Williams, J.T.2
  • 30
    • 0017867326 scopus 로고
    • Disposition of morphine in chronically infused rats: Relationship to antinociception and tolerance
    • Patrick, G.A., Dewey, W.L., Huger, F.P., Daves, E.D. Harris, L.S. (1978) Disposition of morphine in chronically infused rats: relationship to antinociception and tolerance. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 205, 556 562.
    • (1978) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.205 , pp. 556-562
    • Patrick, G.A.1    Dewey, W.L.2    Huger, F.P.3    Daves, E.D.4    Harris, L.S.5
  • 31
    • 0033914156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective agonist of group II glutamate metabotropic receptors, LY354740, inhibits tolerance to analgesic effects of morphine in mice
    • Popik, P., Kozela, E. Pilc, A. (2000) Selective agonist of group II glutamate metabotropic receptors, LY354740, inhibits tolerance to analgesic effects of morphine in mice. Br. J. Pharmacol., 130, 1425 1431.
    • (2000) Br. J. Pharmacol. , vol.130 , pp. 1425-1431
    • Popik, P.1    Kozela, E.2    Pilc, A.3
  • 32
    • 0033707952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blockade and reversal of spinal morphine tolerance by peptide and non-peptide calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonists
    • Powell, K.J., Ma, W., Sutak, M., Doods, H., Quirion, R. Jhamandas, K. (2000) Blockade and reversal of spinal morphine tolerance by peptide and non-peptide calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonists. Br. J. Pharmacol., 131, 875 884.
    • (2000) Br. J. Pharmacol. , vol.131 , pp. 875-884
    • Powell, K.J.1    Ma, W.2    Sutak, M.3    Doods, H.4    Quirion, R.5    Jhamandas, K.6
  • 33
    • 0141705322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of neurokinin-1-substance P receptor and prostanoid activity prevents and reverses the development of morphine tolerance in vivo and the morphine-induced increase in CGRP expression in cultured dorsal root
    • Powell, K.J., Quirion, R. Jhamandas, K. (2003) Inhibition of neurokinin-1-substance P receptor and prostanoid activity prevents and reverses the development of morphine tolerance in vivo and the morphine-induced increase in CGRP expression in cultured dorsal root. Eur. J. Neurosci., 18, 1572 1583.
    • (2003) Eur. J. Neurosci. , vol.18 , pp. 1572-1583
    • Powell, K.J.1    Quirion, R.2    Jhamandas, K.3
  • 34
    • 0032848993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute desensitization of nociceptin/orphanin FQ inhibition of voltage-gated calcium channels in freshly dissociated hippocampal neurons
    • Pu, L., Bao, G.B., Ma, L. Pei, G. (1999) Acute desensitization of nociceptin/orphanin FQ inhibition of voltage-gated calcium channels in freshly dissociated hippocampal neurons. Eur. J. Neurosci., 11, 3610 3616.
    • (1999) Eur. J. Neurosci. , vol.11 , pp. 3610-3616
    • Pu, L.1    Bao, G.B.2    Ma, L.3    Pei, G.4
  • 35
    • 0023253090 scopus 로고
    • Development of tolerance to respiratory depression in morphine- and etorphine-pellet-implanted mice
    • Roerig, S.C., Fujimoto, J.M. Lange, D.G. (1987) Development of tolerance to respiratory depression in morphine- and etorphine-pellet-implanted mice. Brain Res., 400, 278 284.
    • (1987) Brain Res. , vol.400 , pp. 278-284
    • Roerig, S.C.1    Fujimoto, J.M.2    Lange, D.G.3
  • 36
    • 0344237326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of morphine-6-glucuronide and morphine on respiratory depressant and antinociceptive responses in wild type and mu-opioid receptor deficient mice
    • Romberg, R., Sarton, E., Teppema, L., Matthes, H.W., Kieffer, B.L. Dahan, A. (2003) Comparison of morphine-6-glucuronide and morphine on respiratory depressant and antinociceptive responses in wild type and mu-opioid receptor deficient mice. Br. J. Anaesth., 91, 862 870.
    • (2003) Br. J. Anaesth. , vol.91 , pp. 862-870
    • Romberg, R.1    Sarton, E.2    Teppema, L.3    Matthes, H.W.4    Kieffer, B.L.5    Dahan, A.6
  • 37
    • 0028805699 scopus 로고
    • C2 Region-derived peptides inhibit translocation and function of β protein kinase C in vivo
    • Ron, D., Luo, J. Mochly-Rosen, D. (1995) C2 Region-derived peptides inhibit translocation and function of β protein kinase C in vivo. J. Biol. Chem., 270, 24180 24187.
    • (1995) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.270 , pp. 24180-24187
    • Ron, D.1    Luo, J.2    Mochly-Rosen, D.3
  • 38
    • 19944385587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide synthase attenuates the development of morphine tolerance in rats
    • Santamarta, M.T., Ulibarri, I. Pineda, J. (2005) Inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide synthase attenuates the development of morphine tolerance in rats. Synapse, 57, 38 46.
    • (2005) Synapse , vol.57 , pp. 38-46
    • Santamarta, M.T.1    Ulibarri, I.2    Pineda, J.3
  • 39
    • 0024592725 scopus 로고
    • Morphine-induced place conditioning is not confounded by drug-induced alterations in locomotor activity
    • Shippenberg, T.S., Emmett-Oglesby, M.E. Herz, A. (1989) Morphine-induced place conditioning is not confounded by drug-induced alterations in locomotor activity. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav., 32, 129 132.
    • (1989) Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. , vol.32 , pp. 129-132
    • Shippenberg, T.S.1    Emmett-Oglesby, M.E.2    Herz, A.3
  • 41
    • 0032859753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of phospholipid signal transduction pathways in morphine tolerance in mice
    • Smith, F.L., Lohmann, A.B. Dewey, W.L. (1999) Involvement of phospholipid signal transduction pathways in morphine tolerance in mice. Br. J. Pharmacol., 128, 220 226.
    • (1999) Br. J. Pharmacol. , vol.128 , pp. 220-226
    • Smith, F.L.1    Lohmann, A.B.2    Dewey, W.L.3
  • 42
    • 0142026927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The expression of a high level of morphine antinociceptive tolerance in mice involves both PKC and PKA
    • Smith, F.L., Javed, R.R., Elzey, M.J. Dewey, W.L. (2003) The expression of a high level of morphine antinociceptive tolerance in mice involves both PKC and PKA. Brain Res., 985, 78 88.
    • (2003) Brain Res. , vol.985 , pp. 78-88
    • Smith, F.L.1    Javed, R.R.2    Elzey, M.J.3    Dewey, W.L.4
  • 43
    • 33845681648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of the role of conventional, novel and atypical PKC isoforms in the expression of morphine tolerance in mice
    • Smith, F.L., Gabra, B.H., Smith, P.A., Redwood, M.C. Dewey, W.L. (2007) Determination of the role of conventional, novel and atypical PKC isoforms in the expression of morphine tolerance in mice. Pain, 127, 129 139.
    • (2007) Pain , vol.127 , pp. 129-139
    • Smith, F.L.1    Gabra, B.H.2    Smith, P.A.3    Redwood, M.C.4    Dewey, W.L.5
  • 44
    • 0035839578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Binding specificity for RACK1 resides in the V5 region of βiI protein kinase C
    • Stebbins, E.G. Mochly-Rosen, D. (2001) Binding specificity for RACK1 resides in the V5 region of βII protein kinase C. J. Biol. Chem., 276, 29644 29650.
    • (2001) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.276 , pp. 29644-29650
    • Stebbins, E.G.1    Mochly-Rosen, D.2
  • 45
    • 1242341368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • G-protein receptor kinase 3 (GRK3) influences opioid analgesic tolerance but not opioid withdrawal
    • Terman, G.W., Jin, W., Cheong, Y.P., Lowe, J., Caron, M.G., Lefkowitz, R.J. Chavkin, C. (2004) G-protein receptor kinase 3 (GRK3) influences opioid analgesic tolerance but not opioid withdrawal. Br. J. Pharmacol., 141, 55 64.
    • (2004) Br. J. Pharmacol. , vol.141 , pp. 55-64
    • Terman, G.W.1    Jin, W.2    Cheong, Y.P.3    Lowe, J.4    Caron, M.G.5    Lefkowitz, R.J.6    Chavkin, C.7
  • 46
    • 0027945014 scopus 로고
    • Chronic morphine administration increases beta-adrenergic receptors kinase (beta ARK) levels in the rat locus coeruleus
    • Terwilliger, R.Z., Ortiz, J., Guitart, X. Nestler, E.J. (1994) Chronic morphine administration increases beta-adrenergic receptors kinase (beta ARK) levels in the rat locus coeruleus. J. Neurochem., 63, 1983 1986.
    • (1994) J. Neurochem. , vol.63 , pp. 1983-1986
    • Terwilliger, R.Z.1    Ortiz, J.2    Guitart, X.3    Nestler, E.J.4
  • 47
    • 0037333777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of local cholecystokinin in the tolerance induced by morphine microinjections into the periaqueductal gray of rats
    • Tortorici, V., Nogueira, L., Salas, R. Vanegas, H. (2003) Involvement of local cholecystokinin in the tolerance induced by morphine microinjections into the periaqueductal gray of rats. Pain, 102, 9 16.
    • (2003) Pain , vol.102 , pp. 9-16
    • Tortorici, V.1    Nogueira, L.2    Salas, R.3    Vanegas, H.4
  • 48
    • 41149178141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agonist-specific regulation of μ-opioid receptor desensitization and recovery from desensitization
    • Virk, M.S. Williams, J.T. (2008) Agonist-specific regulation of μ-opioid receptor desensitization and recovery from desensitization. Mol. Pharmacol., 73, 1301 1308.
    • (2008) Mol. Pharmacol. , vol.73 , pp. 1301-1308
    • Virk, M.S.1    Williams, J.T.2
  • 49
    • 0021287977 scopus 로고
    • Potentiation of opiate analgesia and apparent reversal of morphine tolerance by proglumide
    • Watkins, L.R., Kinscheck, I.B. Mayer, D.J. (1984) Potentiation of opiate analgesia and apparent reversal of morphine tolerance by proglumide. Science, 224, 395 396.
    • (1984) Science , vol.224 , pp. 395-396
    • Watkins, L.R.1    Kinscheck, I.B.2    Mayer, D.J.3
  • 50
    • 0034194092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of PKC-isoform-specific biological actions using pharmacological approaches
    • Way, K.J., Chou, E. King, G.L. (2000) Identification of PKC-isoform-specific biological actions using pharmacological approaches. Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 21, 181 187.
    • (2000) Trends Pharmacol. Sci. , vol.21 , pp. 181-187
    • Way, K.J.1    Chou, E.2    King, G.L.3
  • 51
    • 0035214481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced development of tolerance to the analgesic effects of morphine and clonidine in PKC gamma mutant mice
    • Zeitz, K.P., Malmberg, A.B., Gilbert, H. Basbaum, A.I. (2001) Reduced development of tolerance to the analgesic effects of morphine and clonidine in PKC gamma mutant mice. Pain, 102, 245 253.
    • (2001) Pain , vol.102 , pp. 245-253
    • Zeitz, K.P.1    Malmberg, A.B.2    Gilbert, H.3    Basbaum, A.I.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.