메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 205, Issue 1-2, 2008, Pages 57-63

DNA epitope vaccine containing complement component C3d enhances anti-amyloid-β antibody production and polarizes the immune response towards a Th2 phenotype

Author keywords

Alzheimer's disease; Amyloid beta; AN 1792; DNA vaccine; Immunotherapy; Molecular adjuvant

Indexed keywords

AMYLOID BETA PROTEIN ANTIBODY; COMPLEMENT COMPONENT C3D; DNA VACCINE; EPITOPE; GAMMA INTERFERON; INTERLEUKIN 4;

EID: 56349165547     PISSN: 01655728     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2008.08.016     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (30)

References (52)
  • 1
    • 12444268257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prototype Alzheimer's disease vaccine using the immunodominant B cell epitope from beta-amyloid and promiscuous T cell epitope pan HLA DR-binding peptide
    • Agadjanyan M.G., Ghochikyan A., Petrushina I., Vasilevko V., Movsesyan N., Mkrtichyan M., et al. Prototype Alzheimer's disease vaccine using the immunodominant B cell epitope from beta-amyloid and promiscuous T cell epitope pan HLA DR-binding peptide. J. Immunol. 174 (2005) 1580-1586
    • (2005) J. Immunol. , vol.174 , pp. 1580-1586
    • Agadjanyan, M.G.1    Ghochikyan, A.2    Petrushina, I.3    Vasilevko, V.4    Movsesyan, N.5    Mkrtichyan, M.6
  • 2
    • 15844412034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disruption of the Cr2 locus results in a reduction in B-1a cells and in an impaired B cell response to T-dependent antigen
    • Ahearn J.M., Fischer M.B., Croix D., Goerg S., Ma M., Xia J., et al. Disruption of the Cr2 locus results in a reduction in B-1a cells and in an impaired B cell response to T-dependent antigen. Immunity 4 (1996) 251-262
    • (1996) Immunity , vol.4 , pp. 251-262
    • Ahearn, J.M.1    Fischer, M.B.2    Croix, D.3    Goerg, S.4    Ma, M.5    Xia, J.6
  • 4
    • 0031921084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of complement and complement receptors in induction and regulation of immunity
    • Carroll M.C. The role of complement and complement receptors in induction and regulation of immunity. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 16 (1998) 545-568
    • (1998) Annu. Rev. Immunol. , vol.16 , pp. 545-568
    • Carroll, M.C.1
  • 5
    • 0026587743 scopus 로고
    • CD19: lowering the threshold for antigen receptor stimulation of B lymphocytes
    • Carter R.H., and Fearon D.T. CD19: lowering the threshold for antigen receptor stimulation of B lymphocytes. Science 256 (1992) 105-107
    • (1992) Science , vol.256 , pp. 105-107
    • Carter, R.H.1    Fearon, D.T.2
  • 6
    • 33847776041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Active beta-amyloid immunization restores spatial learning in PDAPP mice displaying very low levels of beta-amyloid
    • Chen G., Chen K.S., Kobayashi D., Barbour R., Motter R., Games D., et al. Active beta-amyloid immunization restores spatial learning in PDAPP mice displaying very low levels of beta-amyloid. J. Neurosci. 27 (2007) 2654-2662
    • (2007) J. Neurosci. , vol.27 , pp. 2654-2662
    • Chen, G.1    Chen, K.S.2    Kobayashi, D.3    Barbour, R.4    Motter, R.5    Games, D.6
  • 7
    • 0035399831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of the CD19/CD21 complex in B cell processing and presentation of complement-tagged antigens
    • Cherukuri A., Cheng P.C., and Pierce S.K. The role of the CD19/CD21 complex in B cell processing and presentation of complement-tagged antigens. J. Immunol. 167 (2001) 163-172
    • (2001) J. Immunol. , vol.167 , pp. 163-172
    • Cherukuri, A.1    Cheng, P.C.2    Pierce, S.K.3
  • 8
    • 0035099092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The CD19/CD21 complex functions to prolong B cell antigen receptor signaling from lipid rafts
    • Cherukuri A., Cheng P.C., Sohn H.W., and Pierce S.K. The CD19/CD21 complex functions to prolong B cell antigen receptor signaling from lipid rafts. Immunity 14 (2001) 169-179
    • (2001) Immunity , vol.14 , pp. 169-179
    • Cherukuri, A.1    Cheng, P.C.2    Sohn, H.W.3    Pierce, S.K.4
  • 9
    • 33644884230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunotherapy for Alzheimer's disease: potential problems and possible solutions
    • Cribbs D.H., and Agadjanyan M.G. Immunotherapy for Alzheimer's disease: potential problems and possible solutions. Curr. Immunol. Rev. 1 (2005) 139-155
    • (2005) Curr. Immunol. Rev. , vol.1 , pp. 139-155
    • Cribbs, D.H.1    Agadjanyan, M.G.2
  • 11
    • 0029916530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibody response to a T-dependent antigen requires B cell expression of complement receptors
    • Croix D.A., Ahearn J.M., Rosengard A.M., Han S., Kelsoe G., Ma M., et al. Antibody response to a T-dependent antigen requires B cell expression of complement receptors. J. Exp. Med. 183 (1996) 1857-1864
    • (1996) J. Exp. Med. , vol.183 , pp. 1857-1864
    • Croix, D.A.1    Ahearn, J.M.2    Rosengard, A.M.3    Han, S.4    Kelsoe, G.5    Ma, M.6
  • 12
    • 33746641249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebrospinal fluid amyloid beta42/phosphorylated tau ratio discriminates between Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia
    • de Jong D., Jansen R.W., Kremer B.P., and Verbeek M.M. Cerebrospinal fluid amyloid beta42/phosphorylated tau ratio discriminates between Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. J. Gerontol. A. Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 61 (2006) 755-758
    • (2006) J. Gerontol. A. Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. , vol.61 , pp. 755-758
    • de Jong, D.1    Jansen, R.W.2    Kremer, B.P.3    Verbeek, M.M.4
  • 13
    • 0030593030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C3d of complement as a molecular adjuvant: bridging innate and acquired immunity
    • Dempsey P.W., Allison M.E., Akkaraju S., Goodnow C.C., and Fearon D.T. C3d of complement as a molecular adjuvant: bridging innate and acquired immunity. Science 271 (1996) 348-350
    • (1996) Science , vol.271 , pp. 348-350
    • Dempsey, P.W.1    Allison, M.E.2    Akkaraju, S.3    Goodnow, C.C.4    Fearon, D.T.5
  • 15
    • 33947223454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebrospinal fluid tau/beta-amyloid(42) ratio as a prediction of cognitive decline in nondemented older adults
    • Fagan A.M., Roe C.M., Xiong C., Mintun M.A., Morris J.C., and Holtzman D.M. Cerebrospinal fluid tau/beta-amyloid(42) ratio as a prediction of cognitive decline in nondemented older adults. Arch. Neurol. 64 (2007) 343-349
    • (2007) Arch. Neurol. , vol.64 , pp. 343-349
    • Fagan, A.M.1    Roe, C.M.2    Xiong, C.3    Mintun, M.A.4    Morris, J.C.5    Holtzman, D.M.6
  • 16
    • 0034252292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Innate immunity - beginning to fulfill its promise?
    • Fearon D.T. Innate immunity - beginning to fulfill its promise?. Nat. Immunol. 1 (2000) 102-103
    • (2000) Nat. Immunol. , vol.1 , pp. 102-103
    • Fearon, D.T.1
  • 17
    • 1042265187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropathology and pathogenesis of encephalitis following amyloid-beta immunization in Alzheimer's disease
    • Ferrer I., Rovira M.B., Guerra M.L.S., Rey M.J., and Costa-Jussa F. Neuropathology and pathogenesis of encephalitis following amyloid-beta immunization in Alzheimer's disease. Brain Pathol. 14 (2004) 11-20
    • (2004) Brain Pathol. , vol.14 , pp. 11-20
    • Ferrer, I.1    Rovira, M.B.2    Guerra, M.L.S.3    Rey, M.J.4    Costa-Jussa, F.5
  • 19
    • 0027717408 scopus 로고
    • Differential regulation of IL-9-expression after infection with Leishmania major in susceptible and resistant mice
    • Gessner A., Blum H., and Rollinghoff M. Differential regulation of IL-9-expression after infection with Leishmania major in susceptible and resistant mice. Immunobiology 189 (1993) 419-435
    • (1993) Immunobiology , vol.189 , pp. 419-435
    • Gessner, A.1    Blum, H.2    Rollinghoff, M.3
  • 20
    • 10744223260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generation and chracterization of the humoral immune response to DNA immunization with a chimeric β-amyloid-interleukin-4 minigene
    • Ghochikyan A., Vasilevko V., Petrushina I., Tran M., Sadzikava N., Babikyan D., et al. Generation and chracterization of the humoral immune response to DNA immunization with a chimeric β-amyloid-interleukin-4 minigene. Eur. J. Immunol. 33 (2003) 3232-3241
    • (2003) Eur. J. Immunol. , vol.33 , pp. 3232-3241
    • Ghochikyan, A.1    Vasilevko, V.2    Petrushina, I.3    Tran, M.4    Sadzikava, N.5    Babikyan, D.6
  • 21
    • 33344460820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prototype Alzheimer's disease epitope vaccine induced strong Th2-type anti-Abeta antibody response with Alum to Quil A adjuvant switch
    • Ghochikyan A., Mkrtichyan M., Petrushina I., Movsesyan N., Karapetyan A., Cribbs D.H., et al. Prototype Alzheimer's disease epitope vaccine induced strong Th2-type anti-Abeta antibody response with Alum to Quil A adjuvant switch. Vaccine 24 (2006) 2275-2282
    • (2006) Vaccine , vol.24 , pp. 2275-2282
    • Ghochikyan, A.1    Mkrtichyan, M.2    Petrushina, I.3    Movsesyan, N.4    Karapetyan, A.5    Cribbs, D.H.6
  • 22
    • 20944448555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical effects of Abeta immunization (AN1792) in patients with AD in an interrupted trial
    • Gilman S., Koller M., Black R.S., Jenkins L., Griffith S.G., Fox N.C., et al. Clinical effects of Abeta immunization (AN1792) in patients with AD in an interrupted trial. Neurology 64 (2005) 1553-1562
    • (2005) Neurology , vol.64 , pp. 1553-1562
    • Gilman, S.1    Koller, M.2    Black, R.S.3    Jenkins, L.4    Griffith, S.G.5    Fox, N.C.6
  • 23
    • 0037302360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhancement of antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope by using the molecular adjuvant C3d
    • Green T.D., Montefiori D.C., and Ross T.M. Enhancement of antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope by using the molecular adjuvant C3d. J. Virol. 77 (2003) 2046-2055
    • (2003) J. Virol. , vol.77 , pp. 2046-2055
    • Green, T.D.1    Montefiori, D.C.2    Ross, T.M.3
  • 26
    • 47149112621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term effects of Abeta42 immunisation in Alzheimer's disease: follow-up of a randomised, placebo-controlled phase I trial
    • Holmes C., Boche D., Wilkinson D., Yadegarfar G., Hopkins V., Bayer A., et al. Long-term effects of Abeta42 immunisation in Alzheimer's disease: follow-up of a randomised, placebo-controlled phase I trial. Lancet 372 (2008) 216-223
    • (2008) Lancet , vol.372 , pp. 216-223
    • Holmes, C.1    Boche, D.2    Wilkinson, D.3    Yadegarfar, G.4    Hopkins, V.5    Bayer, A.6
  • 27
    • 0030867955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Th2 responses induce humorally mediated injury in experimental anti-glomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis
    • Huang X.R., Holdsworth S.R., and Tipping P.G. Th2 responses induce humorally mediated injury in experimental anti-glomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 8 (1997) 1101-1108
    • (1997) J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. , vol.8 , pp. 1101-1108
    • Huang, X.R.1    Holdsworth, S.R.2    Tipping, P.G.3
  • 28
    • 0034891226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of the innate immune system to autoimmune myocarditis: a role for complement
    • Kaya Z., Afanasyeva M., Wang Y., Dohmen K.M., Schlichting J., Tretter T., et al. Contribution of the innate immune system to autoimmune myocarditis: a role for complement. Nat. Immunol. 2 (2001) 739-745
    • (2001) Nat. Immunol. , vol.2 , pp. 739-745
    • Kaya, Z.1    Afanasyeva, M.2    Wang, Y.3    Dohmen, K.M.4    Schlichting, J.5    Tretter, T.6
  • 30
    • 34547955761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-Abeta 1-11 antibody binds to different beta-amyloid species, inhibits fibril formation, and disaggregates preformed fibrils, but not the most toxic oligomers
    • Mamikonyan G., Necula M., Mkrtichyan M., Ghochikyan A., Petrushina I., Movsesyan N., et al. Anti-Abeta 1-11 antibody binds to different beta-amyloid species, inhibits fibril formation, and disaggregates preformed fibrils, but not the most toxic oligomers. J. Biol. Chem. 282 (2007) 22376-22386
    • (2007) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.282 , pp. 22376-22386
    • Mamikonyan, G.1    Necula, M.2    Mkrtichyan, M.3    Ghochikyan, A.4    Petrushina, I.5    Movsesyan, N.6
  • 31
    • 19944429065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abeta vaccination effects on plaque pathology in the absence of encephalitis in Alzheimer disease
    • Masliah E., Hansen L., Adame A., Crews L., Bard F., Lee C., et al. Abeta vaccination effects on plaque pathology in the absence of encephalitis in Alzheimer disease. Neurology 64 (2005) 129-131
    • (2005) Neurology , vol.64 , pp. 129-131
    • Masliah, E.1    Hansen, L.2    Adame, A.3    Crews, L.4    Bard, F.5    Lee, C.6
  • 32
    • 0037435883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of heterosubtypic immunity to influenza A virus using a DNA vaccine expressing hemagglutinin-C3d fusion proteins
    • Mitchell J.A., Green T.D., Bright R.A., and Ross T.M. Induction of heterosubtypic immunity to influenza A virus using a DNA vaccine expressing hemagglutinin-C3d fusion proteins. Vaccine 21 (2003) 902-914
    • (2003) Vaccine , vol.21 , pp. 902-914
    • Mitchell, J.A.1    Green, T.D.2    Bright, R.A.3    Ross, T.M.4
  • 33
    • 0031572449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The affinity threshold for human B cell activation via the antigen receptor complex is reduced upon co-ligation of the antigen receptor with CD21 (CR2)
    • Mongini P.K., Vilensky M.A., Highet P.F., and Inman J.K. The affinity threshold for human B cell activation via the antigen receptor complex is reduced upon co-ligation of the antigen receptor with CD21 (CR2). J. Immunol. 159 (1997) 3782-3791
    • (1997) J. Immunol. , vol.159 , pp. 3782-3791
    • Mongini, P.K.1    Vilensky, M.A.2    Highet, P.F.3    Inman, J.K.4
  • 35
    • 56349142700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcutaneous β-Amyloid Peptide Immunization of Transgenic Alzheimer's Mice Results in Reduced Cerebral β-Amyloid Deposits in the Absence of T cell Infiltration and Microhemorrhage
    • Nickolic W.V., Bai Y., Obregon D., Hou H., Mori T., Zeng J., et al. Transcutaneous β-Amyloid Peptide Immunization of Transgenic Alzheimer's Mice Results in Reduced Cerebral β-Amyloid Deposits in the Absence of T cell Infiltration and Microhemorrhage. PNAS Early Edition (2007) 1-8
    • (2007) PNAS Early Edition , pp. 1-8
    • Nickolic, W.V.1    Bai, Y.2    Obregon, D.3    Hou, H.4    Mori, T.5    Zeng, J.6
  • 36
    • 0037393454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropathology of human Alzheimer disease after immunization with amyloid-beta peptide: a case report
    • Nicoll J.A., Wilkinson D., Holmes C., Steart P., Markham H., and Weller R.O. Neuropathology of human Alzheimer disease after immunization with amyloid-beta peptide: a case report. Nat. Med. 9 (2003) 448-452
    • (2003) Nat. Med. , vol.9 , pp. 448-452
    • Nicoll, J.A.1    Wilkinson, D.2    Holmes, C.3    Steart, P.4    Markham, H.5    Weller, R.O.6
  • 39
    • 0033944482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interleukin 12 induces crescentic glomerular lesions in a high IgA strain of ddY mice, independently of changes in IgA deposition
    • Nogaki F., Muso E., Kobayashi I., Kusano H., Shirakawa K., Kamata T., et al. Interleukin 12 induces crescentic glomerular lesions in a high IgA strain of ddY mice, independently of changes in IgA deposition. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 15 (2000) 1146-1154
    • (2000) Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. , vol.15 , pp. 1146-1154
    • Nogaki, F.1    Muso, E.2    Kobayashi, I.3    Kusano, H.4    Shirakawa, K.5    Kamata, T.6
  • 41
    • 10744230547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subacute meningoencephalitis in a subset of patients with AD after Abeta42 immunization
    • Orgogozo J.M., Gilman S., Dartigues J.M., Laurent B., Puel M., Kirby L.C., et al. Subacute meningoencephalitis in a subset of patients with AD after Abeta42 immunization. Neurology 61 1 (2003) 46-54
    • (2003) Neurology , vol.61 , Issue.1 , pp. 46-54
    • Orgogozo, J.M.1    Gilman, S.2    Dartigues, J.M.3    Laurent, B.4    Puel, M.5    Kirby, L.C.6
  • 42
    • 33748767945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amyloid-beta peptide remnants in AN-1792-immunized Alzheimer's disease patients: a biochemical analysis
    • Patton R.L., Kalback W.M., Esh C.L., Kokjohn T.A., Van Vickle G.D., Luehrs D.C., et al. Amyloid-beta peptide remnants in AN-1792-immunized Alzheimer's disease patients: a biochemical analysis. Am. J. Pathol. 169 (2006) 1048-1063
    • (2006) Am. J. Pathol. , vol.169 , pp. 1048-1063
    • Patton, R.L.1    Kalback, W.M.2    Esh, C.L.3    Kokjohn, T.A.4    Van Vickle, G.D.5    Luehrs, D.C.6
  • 43
    • 36248941497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer's disease peptide epitope vaccine reduces insoluble but not soluble/oligomeric a{beta} species in amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice
    • Petrushina I., Ghochikyan A., Mktrichyan M., Mamikonyan G., Movsesyan N., Davtyan H., et al. Alzheimer's disease peptide epitope vaccine reduces insoluble but not soluble/oligomeric a{beta} species in amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice. J. Neurosci. 27 (2007) 12721-12731
    • (2007) J. Neurosci. , vol.27 , pp. 12721-12731
    • Petrushina, I.1    Ghochikyan, A.2    Mktrichyan, M.3    Mamikonyan, G.4    Movsesyan, N.5    Davtyan, H.6
  • 44
    • 10044263401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene vaccination to bias the immune response to amyloid-beta peptide as therapy for Alzheimer disease
    • Qu B., Rosenberg R.N., Li L., Boyer P.J., and Johnston S.A. Gene vaccination to bias the immune response to amyloid-beta peptide as therapy for Alzheimer disease. Arch. Neurol. 61 (2004) 1859-1864
    • (2004) Arch. Neurol. , vol.61 , pp. 1859-1864
    • Qu, B.1    Rosenberg, R.N.2    Li, L.3    Boyer, P.J.4    Johnston, S.A.5
  • 45
    • 0034252626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C3d enhancement of antibodies to hemagglutinin accelerates protection against influenza virus challenge. [Comment In: Nat Immunol. 2000 Aug;1(2):102-3 UI: 21205387]
    • Ross T.M., Xu Y., Bright R.A., and Robinson H.L. C3d enhancement of antibodies to hemagglutinin accelerates protection against influenza virus challenge. [Comment In: Nat Immunol. 2000 Aug;1(2):102-3 UI: 21205387]. Nat. Immunol. 1 (2000) 127-131
    • (2000) Nat. Immunol. , vol.1 , pp. 127-131
    • Ross, T.M.1    Xu, Y.2    Bright, R.A.3    Robinson, H.L.4
  • 46
    • 0034924961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced avidity maturation of antibody to human immunodeficiency virus envelope: DNA vaccination with gp120-C3d fusion proteins
    • Ross T.M., Xu Y., Green T.D., Montefiori D.C., and Robinson H.L. Enhanced avidity maturation of antibody to human immunodeficiency virus envelope: DNA vaccination with gp120-C3d fusion proteins. AIDS Res. Hum. Retrovir. 17 (2001) 829-835
    • (2001) AIDS Res. Hum. Retrovir. , vol.17 , pp. 829-835
    • Ross, T.M.1    Xu, Y.2    Green, T.D.3    Montefiori, D.C.4    Robinson, H.L.5
  • 47
    • 0036780877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opinion: amyloid-beta immunotherapy for Alzheimer's disease: the end of the beginning
    • Schenk D. Opinion: amyloid-beta immunotherapy for Alzheimer's disease: the end of the beginning. Nat. Rev., Neurosci. 3 (2002) 824-828
    • (2002) Nat. Rev., Neurosci. , vol.3 , pp. 824-828
    • Schenk, D.1
  • 48
    • 7944236860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibodies from a DNA peptide vaccination decrease the brain amyloid burden in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
    • Schultz J.G., Salzer U., Mohajeri M.H., Franke D., Heinrich J., Pavlovic J., et al. Antibodies from a DNA peptide vaccination decrease the brain amyloid burden in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J. Mol. Med. 82 (2004) 706-714
    • (2004) J. Mol. Med. , vol.82 , pp. 706-714
    • Schultz, J.G.1    Salzer, U.2    Mohajeri, M.H.3    Franke, D.4    Heinrich, J.5    Pavlovic, J.6
  • 49
    • 47349114997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Will anti-amyloid therapies work for Alzheimer's disease?
    • St George-Hyslop P.H., and Morris J.C. Will anti-amyloid therapies work for Alzheimer's disease?. Lancet 372 (2008) 180-182
    • (2008) Lancet , vol.372 , pp. 180-182
    • St George-Hyslop, P.H.1    Morris, J.C.2
  • 50
    • 0000676441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Companies halt first Alzheimer's vaccine trial
    • Steinberg D. Companies halt first Alzheimer's vaccine trial. Scientist (2002) 22-23
    • (2002) Scientist , pp. 22-23
    • Steinberg, D.1
  • 51
    • 0028268506 scopus 로고
    • Natural antibody and complement-mediated antigen processing and presentation by B lymphocytes
    • Thornton B.P., Vetvicka V., and Ross G.D. Natural antibody and complement-mediated antigen processing and presentation by B lymphocytes. J. Immunol. 152 (1994) 1727-1737
    • (1994) J. Immunol. , vol.152 , pp. 1727-1737
    • Thornton, B.P.1    Vetvicka, V.2    Ross, G.D.3
  • 52
    • 33746353398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C3d enhanced DNA vaccination induced humoral immune response to glycoprotein C of pseudorabies virus
    • Tong T., Fan H., Tan Y., Xiao S., Ling J., Chen H., et al. C3d enhanced DNA vaccination induced humoral immune response to glycoprotein C of pseudorabies virus. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 347 (2006) 845-851
    • (2006) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , vol.347 , pp. 845-851
    • Tong, T.1    Fan, H.2    Tan, Y.3    Xiao, S.4    Ling, J.5    Chen, H.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.