The Affinity Threshold for Human B Cell Activation Via the Antigen Receptor Complex is Reduced Upon Co-Ligation of the Antigen Receptor with CD21 (CR2)

Journal of Immunology

Volumn 159, Issue 8, 1997, Pages 3782-3791

  Mongini, Patricia K A ^a,b   Vilensky, Maria A ^a   Highet, Patricia F ^c   Inman, John K ^c  

^a NYU HOSPITAL FOR JOINT DISEASES   (United States)

^b NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COMPLEMENT COMPONENT C3D RECEPTOR; DEXTRAN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN M; LIGAND; LYMPHOCYTE ANTIGEN RECEPTOR; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY;

ADOLESCENT; ANTIBODY COMBINING SITE; ARTICLE; B LYMPHOCYTE; CELL CYCLE S PHASE; CHEMISTRY; CHILD; CYTOLOGY; DNA REPLICATION; HUMAN; IMMUNOLOGY; LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION; METABOLISM; PHYSIOLOGY; PRESCHOOL CHILD;

ADOLESCENT; ANTIBODIES, MONOCLONAL; B-LYMPHOCYTES; BINDING SITES, ANTIBODY; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; DEXTRANS; DNA REPLICATION; HUMANS; IMMUNOGLOBULIN M; LIGANDS; LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION; RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, B-CELL; RECEPTORS, COMPLEMENT 3D; S PHASE;

EID: 0031572449     PISSN: 00221767     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Burnet, F. M. 1959. The Clonal Selection Theory of Acquired Immunity. Vanderbilt University Press, Nashville, TN.
2. Siskind, G. W., and B. Benacerraf. 1969. Cell selection by antigen in the immune response. Adv. Immunol 10:1.
3. Andersson, B. 1970. Studies on the regulation of avidity at the level of the single antibody-forming cell: the effect of antigen dose and time after immunization. J. Exp. Med. 132:77.
4. Riley, R. J., and N. R. Klinman. 1986. The affinity threshold for antigenic triggering differs for tolerance susceptible immature precursors versus mature primary B cells. J. Immunol. 136:3147.
5. Radic, M. Z., and M. Weigert. 1994. Genetic and structural evidence for antigen selection of anti-DNA antibodies. Annu. Rev. Immunol 12:487.
6. Mongini, P. K. A., C. A. Blessinger, and J. P. Dalton. 1991. Affinity requirements for induction of sequential phases of human B cell activation by membrane IgM-crosslinking ligands. J. Immunol. 146:1791.
7. Mongini, P. K. A., C. A. Blessinger, P. F. Highet, and J. K. Inman. 1992. Membrane IgM-mediated signaling of human B cells: effect of increased ligand binding site valency on the affinity and concentration requirements for inducing diverse stages of activation. J. Immunol. 148:3892.
8. George, J., S. J. Penner, J. Weber, J. Berry, and J. L. Claflin. 1993. Influence of membrane Ig receptor density and affinity on B cell signaling by antigen: implications for affinity maturation. J. Immunol. 151:5955.
9. Goidl, E. A., T. J. Romano, G. W. Siskind, and G. J. Thorbecke. 1978. Changes in affinity of 19 and 7S antibodies at the cellular level in responses to hapten conjugates of varying T cell dependency. Cell. Immunol. 35:231.
10. Dintzis, H. M., R. Z. Dintzis, and B. Vogelstein. 1976. Molecular determinants of immunogenicity: the immunon model of immune response. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 73:3671.
11. Vogelstein, B., R. Z. Dintzis, and H. M. Dintzis. 1982. Specific cellular stimulation in the primary immune response: a quantitized model. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79:395.
12. Clark, M. R., K. S. Campbell, A. Kazlauskas, S. A. Johnson, M. Hertz, T. A. Potter, C. Pleiman, and J. C. Cambier. 1992. The B cell antigen receptor complex: association of Ig-α and Ig-β with distinct cytoplasmic effectors. Science 258:123.
13. Howard, M., J. Farrar, M. Hilfiker, B. Johnson, K. Takatsu, T. Hamaoka, and W. E. Paul. 1982. Identification of a T cell derived B-cell growth factor distinct from interleukin-2. J. Exp. Med. 155:914.
14. Romagnani, S., M. G. Giudizi, R. Biagiotti, F. Almerigogna, C. Mingari, E. Maggi, C.-M. Liang, and L. Moretta. 1986. B cell growth factor activity of interferon-γ: recombinant human interferon-γ promotes proliferation of anti-μ activated human B lymphocytes. J. Immunol. 136:3513.
15. Jelinek, D. F., and P. E. Lipsky. 1985. The roles of T cell factors in activation, cell cycle progression, and differentiation of human B cells. J. Immunol. 134: 1690.
16. Mongini, P. K. A., P. F. Highet, and J. K. Inman. 1995. Human B cell activation: effect of T cell cytokines on the physicochemical binding requirements for achieving cell cycle progression via the membrane IgM signaling pathway. J. Immunol. 155:3385.
17. Koopman, G., R. M. J. Keehnen, E. Lindhout, W. Newman, Y. Shimizu, G. A. van Seventer, C. de Groot, and S. T. Pals. 1994. Adhesion through the LFA (CD11a/CD18)-ICAM-1 (CD54) and the VLA-4 (CD49d)-VCAM-1 (CD106) pathways prevents apoptosis of germinal center B cells. J. Immunol. 152:3760.
18. Leprince, C., K. E. Draves, R. L. Geahlen, J. A. Ledbetter, and E. A. Clark. 1993. CD22 associates with the human surface IgM-B-cell antigen receptor complex. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:3236.
19. Fearon, D. T., and R. H. Carter. 1995. The CD19/CR2/TAPA-1 complex of B lymphocytes: linking natural to acquired immunity. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 13:127.
20. Ahearn, J. M., and D. T. Fearon. 1989. Structure and function of the complement receptors, CR1 (CD35) and CR2 (CD21). Adv. Immunol. 46:183.
21. Cooper, N. R., M. D. Moore, and G. R. Nemerow. 1988. Immunobiology of CR2, the B lymphocyte receptor for Epstein-Barr virus and the C3d complement fragment. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 6:85.
22. Carter, R. H., M. O. Spycher, Y. C. Ng, R. Hoffman, and D. T. Fearon. 1988. Synergistic interaction between complement receptor type 2 and membrane IgM on B lymphocytes. J. Immunol. 141:457.
23. Matsumoto, A. K., J. Kopicky-Burd, R. H. Carter, D. A. Tuveson, T. F. Tedder, and D. T. Fearon. 1991. Intersection of the complement and immune systems: a signal transduction complex of the B lymphocyte-containing complement receptor type 2 and CD19. J. Exp. Med. 173:55.
24. Tsokos, G. C., J. D. Lambris, F. D. Finkelman, E. D. Anastassiou, and C. H. June. 1990. Monovalent ligands of complement receptor 2 inhibit whereas polyvalent ligands enhance anti-Ig-induced human B cell intracytoplasmic free calcium concentration. J. Immunol. 144:1640.
25. Griffioen, A. W., E. A. H. Toebes, B. J. M. Zegers, and G. T. Rijkers. 1992. Role of CR2 in the human adult and neonatal in vitro antibody response to type 4 pneumococcal polysaccharide. Cell. Immunol. 143:11.
26. Matsuda, T., G. P. Martinelli, and A. G. Osler. 1978. Studies of immunosuppression by cobra venom factor. II. On responses to DNP-Ficoll and DNP-polyacrylamide. J. Immunol. 121:2048.
27. O'Neil, K. M., H. D. Ochs, S. R. Heller, L. C. Cork, J. M. Morris, and J. A. Winkelstein. 1988. Role of C3 in humoral immunity: defective antibody production in C3-deficient dogs. J. Immunol. 140:1939.
28. Pryjma, J., and J. H. Humphrey. 1975. Prolonged C3 depletion by cobra venom factor in thymus-deprived mice and its implication for the role of C3 as an essential second signal for B cell triggering. Immunology 28:569.
29. Fischer, M. B., M. Ma, S. Goerg, X. Zhou, J. Xia, O. Finco, S. Han, G. Kelsoe, R. G. Howard, T. L. Rothstein, E. Kremmer, F. S. Rosen, and M. C. Carroll. 1996. Regulation of the B cell response to T-dependent antigens by classical pathway complement. J. Immunol. 157:549.
30. Griffioen, A. W., G. T. Rijkers, P. Janssens-Korpela, and B. J. M. Zegers. 1991. Pneumococcal polysaccharides complexed with C3d bind to human B lymphocytes via complement receptor type 2. Infect. Immun. 59:1839.
31. Hoestetter, M. K. 1986. Serotypic variations among virulent pneumococci in deposition and degradation of covalently bound C3b: implications for phagocytosis and antibody production. J. Infect. Dis. 153:682.
32. Timens, W., A. Boes, T. Rozeboom-Uiterwijk, and S. Poppema. 1989. Immaturity of the human splenic marginal zone in infancy: possible contribution to the deficient intact immune response. J. Immunol. 143:3200.
33. Heyman, B., E. J. Wiersma, and T. Kinoshita. 1990. In vivo inhibition of the antibody response by a complement receptor-specific monoclonal antibody. J. Exp. Med. 172:665.
34. Wiersma, E., T. Konoshita, and B. Heyman. 1991. Inhibition of immunological memory and T-independent humoral responses by monoclonal antibodies specific for murine complement receptors. Eur. J. Immunol. 21:2501.
35. Hebell, T., J. M. Ahearn, and D. T. Fearon. 1991. Suppression of the immune response by a soluble complement receptor of B lymphocytes. Science 254:102.
36. Rickert, R. C., K. Rajewsky, and J. Roes. 1995. Impairment of T-cell-dependent B-cell responses and B-1 cell development in CD19-deficient mice. Nature 376: 352.
37. Ahearn, J. M., M. B. Fischer, D. Croix, S. Goerg, M. Ma, J. Xia, X. Zhou, R. G. Howard, T. J. Rothstein, and M. C. Carroll. 1996. Disruption of the Cr2 locus results in a reduction in B-1a cells and in an impaired B cell response to T-dependent antigen. Immunity 4:251.
38. Molina, H., V. M. Holers, B. Li, Y. F. Fang, S. Mariathason, J. Goellner, J. Strauss-Schoenberger, R. W. Karr, and D. D. Chaplin. 1996. Markedly impaired humoral immune response in mice deficient in complement receptors 1 and 2. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:3357.
39. Croix, D. A., J. M Ahearn, A. M. Rosengard, S. Han, G. Kelsoe, M. Ma, and M. C. Carroll. 1996. Antibody response to a T-dependent antigen requires B cell expression of complement receptors. J. Exp. Med. 183:1857.
40. Sato, S., D. A. Steeber, and T. F. Tedder. 1995. The CD19 signal transduction molecule is a response regulator of B-lymphocyte differentiation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:11558.
41. Dempsey, P. W., M. E. D. Allison, S. Akkaraju, C. C. Goodnow, and D. T. Fearon. 1996. C3d of complement as a molecular adjuvant: bridging innate and acquired immunity. Science 271:348.
42. Carter, R. H., and D. T. Fearon. 1992. CD19: lowering the threshold for antigen receptor stimulation of B lymphocytes. Science 256:105.
43. Rudich, S. M., R. Winchester, and P. K. A. Mongini. 1985. Human B cell activation: evidence for diverse signals provided by various monoclonal anti-IgM antibodies. J. Exp. Med. 162:1236.
44. Rudich, S. M., E. Mihaesco, R. Winchester, and P. K. A. Mongini. 1987. Analysis of the domain specificity of various murine anti-human IgM monoclonal antibodies differing in human B lymphocyte signaling activity. Mol. Immunol. 24:809.
45. Rudich, S. M., K. H. Roux, R. J. Winchester, and P. K. A. Mongini. 1988. Anti-IgM-mediated B cell signaling: molecular analysis of ligand binding requisites for human B cell clonal expansion and tolerance. J. Exp. Med. 168:247.
46. Mongini, P. K. A., C. Blessinger, D. N. Posnett, and S. M. Rudich. 1989. Membrane IgD and membrane IgM differ in capacity to transduce inhibitory signals within the same human B cell clonal populations. J. Immunol. 143:1565.
47. Hornick, C. L., and F. Karusch. 1972. Antibody affinity. III. The role of multivalence. Immunochemistry 9:325.
48. Rosen, A., L. Casciola-Rosen, and J. Aheam. 1995. Novel packages of viral and self-antigens are generated during apoptosis. J. Exp. Med. 181:1557.
49. Levine, B., Q. Huang, J. T. Isaacs, J. C. Reed, D. E. Griffin, and J. M. Hardwick. 1993. Conversion of lytic to persistent alphavirus infection by the bcl-2 cellular oncogene. Nature 361:739.
50. Cooper, N. R., and M. B. A. Oldstone. 1983. Virus-infected cells, IgG, and the alternate complement pathway. Immunol. Today 4:107.
51. Marquat, H. V., S. E. Svelhag, and R. G. Q. Leslie. 1994. CR2 is the primary acceptor site for C3 during alternative pathway activation of complement on human peripheral B lymphocytes. J. Immunol. 153:307.
52. + B lymphocytes. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 197:226.
53. DeLisi, C. 1981. The magnitude of signal amplification by ligand-induced receptor clustering. Nature 289:322.
54. Bell, G. I. 1974. Model for the binding of multivalent antigen to cells. Nature 248:430.
55. Kozono, Y., R. C. Duke, M. S. Schleicher, and V. M. Holers. 1995. Co-ligation of mouse complement receptors 1 and 2 with surface IgM rescues splenic B cells and WEHI-231 cells from anti-surface IgM-induced apoptosis. Eur. J. Immunol. 25:1013.
56. Lowell, C. A., L. B. Klickstein, R. H. Carter, J. A. Mitchell, D. T. Fearon, and J. M. Ahearn. 1989. Mapping of the Epstein-Barr virus and C3dg binding sites to a common domain on complement receptor type 2. J. Exp. Med. 170:1931.
57. Phillips, N., K. Gravel, K. Tumas, and D. Parker. 1988. IL-4 (B cell stimulatory factor 1) overcomes Fcγ receptor-mediated inhibition of mouse B lymphocyte proliferation without affecting inhibition of c-myc mRNA induction. J. Immunol. 141:4243.
58. Fuller, K. A., O. Kanagawa, and M. H. Nahm. 1993. T cells within germinal centers are specific for the immunizing antigen. J. Immunol. 151:4505.
59. Luxembourg, A. T., and N. R. Cooper. 1994. Modulation of signaling via the B cell antigen receptor by CD21, the receptor for C3dg and EBV. J. Immunol. 153:4448.