A multifaceted tool for a complex phenomenon: Coding Web-based interactivity as technologies for interaction evolve

Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication

Volumn 13, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 794-826

  McMillan, Sally J ^a,d   Hoy, Mariea G ^a,d   Kim, Juran ^b   McMahan, Carolyn ^c,e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE   (United States)

^b Jeonju University   (South Korea)

^c UNIVERSITY OF NORTH FLORIDA   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE   (United States)

^e 518 Research Bldg ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

Content analysis; Health; Interactivity; Web analysis

Indexed keywords

CONTENT ANALYSIS; INTERACTIVITY; LONG LIFE; ON-LINE ANALYSIS; WEB ANALYSIS; WEB BASED; WEB-SITES;

WEBSITES;

EID: 51149092073     PISSN: 10836101     EISSN: 10836101     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1083-6101.2008.00420.x     Document Type: Article

References (84)

1. Alter, S 1977). Why Is man-computer interaction important for decision support systems? Interfaces, 7 (2 109 115.
2. Ambre, J., Guard, R., Perveiler, F. M., Renner, J. Rippen, H 1997). Criteria for assessing the quality of health information on the Internet. Available online : http://www.mitretek.org/hiti/showcase/documents/criteria.html : Health Information Technology Institute of Mitretek Systems, Inc
3. Armstrong, A. Hagel, J. I 1996). The real value of on-line communities. Harvard Business Review, 74 (3 134 140.
4. Barker, J. Tucker, R. N 1990). The interactive learning revolution: multimedia in education and Training. London : Kogan Page.
5. Bedell, S. E., Agrawal, A. Petersen, L. E 2004). A systematic critique of diabetes on the World Wide Web for patients and their physicians. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 73, 687 694.
6. Berelson, B. Lazarsfeld, P. F 1948). The analysis of communication content. Chicago and New York : University of Chicago and Columbia University.
7. Berland, G. K., Elliott, M. N., Morales, L. S. Algazy, J. I 2001). Health information on the Internet: Accessibility, quality, and readability in English and Spanish. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 285 (20 2612 2621.
8. Blattberg, R. C. Deighton, J 1991). Interactive marketing: Exploiting the age of addressability. Sloan Management Review, 32 (1 5 14.
9. Bryant, J. Street Jr., R. L 1988). From reactivity to activity to action: An evolving concept and weltanschauung in mass and interpersonal communication. In R. P. Hawkins J. M. Wiemann S. Pingree (Eds Advancing Communication Science: Merging Mass and Interpersonal Process (pp. 162 190). Newbury Park, CA : Sage.
10. Bucy, E. P 2004). Second generation net news: Interactivity and information accessibility in the online environment. The International Journal on Media Management, 6 (1/2 102 113.
11. Bucy, E. P. Chen-Chao, T 2007). The mediated moderation model of interactivity. Media Psychology, 9 (3) 647.
12. Burke, K., Aytes, K., Chidambaram, L. Johnson, J. J 1999). A study of partially distributed work groups: The impact of media, location, and time on perceptions and performance. Small Group Research, 30 (4 453 490.
13. Chang, T.-K. Tai, Z 2005). Mass communication research and the invisible college revisited: The changing landscape and emerging fronts in journalism-related studies. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 82 (3 672 694.
14. Chilcoat, Y. DeWine, S 1985). Teleconferencing and interpersonal communication perception. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 13 (1 14 32.
15. Cho, C.-H. Cheon, H. J 2005). Cross-cultural comparisons of interactivity on corporate Web sites. Journal of Advertising, 34 (2 99 115.
16. Cho, C.-H. Khang, H 2006). The state of Internet-related research in communications, marketing, and advertising: 1994-2003. Journal of Advertising, 35 (3 143 163.
17. Coyle, J. R. Thorson, E 2001). The Effects of Progressive Levels of Interactivity and Vividness in Web Marketing Sites. Journal of Advertising, 30 (3 65 77.
18. Curro, V., Buonuomo, P. S., Onesimo, R., DeRose, P., Vituzzi, A., DiTanna, G. L. D'Atri, A 2004). A quality evaluation methodology of health Web-pages for non-professionals. Medical Informatics & the Internet in Medicine, 29 (2 95 107.
19. De Marsico, M. Levialdi, S 2004). Evaluating Web sites: Exploiting user's expectations. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 60, 381 416.
20. Gerbic, P. Stacey, E 2006). A purposive approach to content analysis: Designing analytical frameworks. Internet and Higher Education, 8, 45 59.
21. Gonzalez, F. J. M. Palacios, T. M. B 2004). Quantitative evaluation of commercial Web sites: An empirical study of Spanish firms. International Journal of Information Management, 24, 313 328.
22. Ha, L. James, L 1998). Interactivity reexamined: A baseline analysis of early business Web sites. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 42 (4 457 474.
23. Haeckel, S. H 1998). About the nature and future of interactive marketing. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 12 (1 63 71.
24. Hanssen, L., Jankowski, N. W. Etienne, R 1996). Interactivity from the perspective of communication studies. In N. W. Jankowski L. Hanssen (Eds Contours of Multimedia: Recent Technological, Theoretical, and Empirical Developments (pp. 61 73). Luton, UK : University of Luton Press.
25. Hester, J. B 1999). Using a Web-based interactive test as a learning tool. Journalism and Mass Communication Educator, 54 (1 35 41.
26. Holsti, O 1969). Content analysis for the social sciences and humanities. Reading, MA : Addison-Wesley.
27. Hwang, J.-S., McMillan, S. J. Lee, G 2002). Corporate web sites as advertising: An analysis of message strategies and features. In A. M Abernathy (Ed Proceedings of the American Academy of Advertising (pp. 56). Auburn, AL : Auburn University.
28. Hwang, J.-S., McMillan, S. J. Lee, G. 2003). Corporate Web sites as advertising: An analysis of function, audience, and message strategy. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 3 (2 Available http://jiad.org
29. Jankowski, N. W., Foot, K., Kluver, R. Schneider, S 2005). The Web and the 2004 EU election: Comparing political actor web sites in 11 EU member states. Information Polity, 10, 165 176.
30. Jensen, J. F 1998). Interactivity: Tracing a new concept in media and communication studies. Nordicom Review, 19 (1 185 204.
31. Keltner, K 1998). Networked health information: Assuring quality control on the Internet. Federal Communications Law Journal, 50 (2 417 439.
32. Kim, J. McMillan, S. J. (Forthcoming). Evaluation of Internet advertising research: A bibliometric analysis of citations from key sources. Journal of Advertising.
33. Levins, I 1999). Relationship marketing gets more personal - and it works. Healthcare PR & Marketing News, 8 (25 1.
34. Liu, Y 2003). Developing a scale to measure the interactivity of websites. Journal of Advertising Research, 43 (2 207 216.
35. Liu, Y. Shrum, L. J 2002). What is interactivity and is it always such a good thing: Implications of definition, person, and situation for the influence of interactivity on advertising effectiveness. Journal of Advertising, 31 (4 53 64.
36. Lynn, G. S., Lipp, S. M., Akgun, A. E. Crotez Jr., A 2002). Factors impacting the adoption and effectiveness of the World Wide Web in marketing. Industrial Marketing Management, 31, 35 49.
37. Macias, W. McMillan, S. J 2008). The return of the house call: The role of internet-based interactivity in bringing health information home to older adults. Health Communication, 23 (1 1 11.
38. Macklin, B 2006, September 28). Viral...and stealthy. emarketer.com.
39. Marvin, C 1983). Space, time, and captive communications history. In M. S. Mander (Ed Communications in Transition (pp. 20 38). New York : Prager.
40. Massey, B. L. Levy, M. R 1999). Interactivity, online journalism, and English-language Web newspapers in Asia. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 76 (1 138 151.
41. McGrath, J. E 1991). Time, interaction, and performance (TIP): A Theory of Groups. Small Group Research, 22 (2 147 174.
42. McMillan, S. J 1998). Who pays for content? Funding in interactive media. Journal of Computer Mediated Communication, 4 (1 Available http://www.ascusc. org/jcmc/vol4/issue1/mcmillan.html
43. McMillan, S. J 1999). Health communication and the Internet: Relationships between interactive characteristics of the medium and site creators, content, and purpose. Health Communication, 11 (4 375 390.
44. McMillan, S. J 2000a). Interactivity is in the eye of the beholder: Function, perception, involvement, and attitude toward the Web site. In M. A Shaver (Ed Proceedings of the American Academy of Advertising (pp. 71 78). East Lansing, MI : Michigan State University.
45. McMillan, S. J 2000b). The microscope and the moving target: The challenge of applying content analysis to the World Wide Web. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 77 (1 80 98.
46. McMillan, S. J 2002). A four-part model of cyber-interactivity: Some Cyber-Places are More Interactive Than Others. New Media and Society, 4 (2 271 291.
47. McMillan, S. J 2005). The researchers and the concept: Moving beyond a blind examination of interactivity. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 5 (2 Available online : http://jiad.org
48. McMillan, S. J. Downes, E. J 2000). Defining interactivity: A qualitative identification of key dimensions. New Media and Society, 2 (2 157 179.
49. McMillan, S. J. Hwang, J.-S 2002). Measures of perceived interactivity: An exploration of communication, user control, and time in shaping perceptions of interactivity. Journal of Advertising, 31 (3 41 54.
50. McMillan, S. J., Hwang, J.-S. Lee, G 2003). Effects of structural and perceptual factors on attitudes toward the website. Journal of Advertising Research, 43 (4 400 409.
51. McMillan, S. J., Kim, J. Hwang, J.-S 2004). Searching for the riddle in the Web site: Coding interactivity in online content analysis. In P. B. Rose (Ed Proceedings of the American Academy of Advertising (pp. 255 262). Miami, FL : University of South Florida.
52. McMillan, S. J., Kim, J., McMahan, C. Fall, L. T 2006). Analyze this: Developing a coding scheme for measuring interactivity features in the context of state tourism Web sites. In J. Richards (Ed Proceedings of the American Academy of Advertising (pp. 222 231). Austin, TX : University of Texas.
53. Miles, I 1992). When mediation is the message: How suppliers envisage new markets. In M. Lea (Ed Contexts of Computer-Mediated Communication (pp. 145 167). New York : Harvester-Wheatsheaf.
54. Moon, Y. Nass, C 1996). How "real" are computer personalities? Psychological responses to personality types in human-computer interaction. Communication Research, 23 (6 651 674.
55. Morahan-Martin, J. M 2004). How Internet users find, evaluate, and use online health information: A cross-cultural review. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 7 (5 497 510.
56. Nielsen, J. Loranger, H 2006). Prioritizing Web usability. Berkley, CA : New Riders.
57. Okazaki, S 2005). Searching the Web for global brands: How American brands standardise their Web sites in Europe. European Journal of Marketing, 39 (1/2 87 109.
58. Okazaki, S. Rivas, J. A 2002). A content analysis of multinationals' Web communication strategies: Cross-cultural research framework and pre-testing. Internet Research: Electronic Networking Applications and Policy, 12 (5 380 390.
59. Paul, M. J 2001). Interactive disaster communication on the Internet: A content analysis of sixty-four disaster relief home pages. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 78 (4 739 753.
60. Pavlou, P. A. Stewart, D. W 2000). Measuring the effects and effectiveness of interactive advertising: A research agenda. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 1 (1 Available at : http://jiad.org/vol1/no1/pavlou
61. Phillips, B. Lee, W.-N 2005). Interactive animation: Exploring spokes-characters on the Internet. Journal of Current Issues and Research in Advertising, 27 (1 1 17.
62. Rafaeli, S 1988). Interactivity: From new media to communication. In R. P. Hawkins J. M. Wiemann S. Pingree (Eds Advancing communication science: Merging mass and interpersonal process (pp. 110 134). Newbury Park, CA : Sage.
63. Rafaeli, S. Sudweeks, F 1997). Networked interactivity. Journal of Computer Mediated Communication, 2 (4 Available : http://www.usc.edu/dept/ annenberg/vol2/issue4/rafaeli.sudweeks.html
64. Reardon, K. K. Rogers, E. M 1988). Interpersonal versus mass media communication: A false dichotomy. Human Communication Research, 15 (2 284 303.
65. Riffe, D. Freitag, A 1997). A content analysis of content analyses: Twenty-five years of journalism quarterly. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 74 (4 873 882.
66. Riffe, D., Lacy, S. Fico, F 1998). Analyzing media messages: Using quantitative content analysis in research. Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
67. Risk, A. Petersens, C 2002). Health information on the Internet: Quality issues and international initiatives. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 287 (20 2713 2715.
68. Ritterband, L. M., Cox, D. J., Gordon, T. L., Borowitz, S. M., Kovatchev, B. P., Walker, L. S. Sutphen, J. L 2006). Examining the added value of audio, graphics, and interactivity in an Internet intervention for pediatric encopresis. Children's Health Care, 35 (1 47 59.
69. Ruben, B. D 1975). Intrapersonal, interpersonal, and mass communication processes in individual and multi-person systems. In B. D. Ruben J. Y. Kim (Eds General Systems Theory and Human Communication (pp. 164 190). Rochelle Park, NJ : Hayden Book Co.
70. Schultz, T 1999). Interactive options in online journalism: A content analysis of 100 U.S. newspapers. Journal of Computer Mediated Communication, 5 (1 Available : http://www.ascusc.org/jcmc/vol5/issue1/schultz.html
71. Shie, E. Lenhart, A 2004, 1 September). How Americans use instant messaging. Pew Internet and American Life Project. Available : http://www.pewinternet.org/pdfs/PIP_Instantmessage_Report.pdf [2006, 7 September]
72. Straubhaar, J. LaRose, R 1996). Communications media in the information society. Belmont, CA : Wadsworth Press.
73. Strauss, J. Frost, R 1999). Marketing on the Internet: Principles of online marketing. Upper Saddle River, NJ : Prentice Hall.
74. Sundar, S. S. Kim, J 2005). Interactivity and persuasion: Influencing attitudes with information and involvement. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 5 (2 N.PAG.
75. Tomasello, T. K 2001). The status of Internet-based research in five leading communication journals, 1994-1999. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 78 (4 659 674.
76. Trammell, K. D., Williams, A. P., Postelnicu, M. Landreville, K. D 2006). Evolution of online campaigning: Increasing interactivity in candidate Web sites and blogs through text and technical features. Mass Communication & Society, 9 (1 21 44.
77. Walther, J. B 1996). Computer-mediated communication: Impersonal, interpersonal, and hyperpersonal interaction. Communication Research, 23 (1 3 43.
78. Walther, J. B., Pingree, S., Hawkins, R. P. Buller, D. B 2005). Attributes of interactive online health information systems. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 7 (3 21 33.
79. Weare, C. Lin, W.-Y 2000). Content analysis of the World Wide Web: Opportunities and challenges. Social Science Computer Review, 18 (3 272 292.
80. Wells, W. D. Chen, Q 2000). The dimensions of commercial cyberspace. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 1 (1 Available online : http://jiad.org/ vol1/no1/wells/index.html
81. Wise, K., Hamman, B. Thorson, K 2006). Moderation, response rate, and message interactivity: Features of online communities and their effects on intent to participate. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 12 (1 Available at : http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol12/issue11/wise.html
82. Xie, H 2000). Shifts of interactive intentions and information-seeking strategies in interactive information retrieval. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 51 (9 841 857.
83. Yun, G. W 2007). Interactivity concepts examined: Response time, hypertext, role taking, and multimodality. Media Psychology, 9 (3 527 548.
84. Zeltzer, D (1992). Autonomy, interaction, and presence. Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 1 (1) 127-132.