The ADRB3 Trp64Arg variant and BMI: A meta-analysis of 44 833 individuals

International Journal of Obesity

Volumn 32, Issue 8, 2008, Pages 1240-1249

  Kurokawa, N ^a,b   Young, E H ^a,c   Oka, Y ^b   Satoh, H ^b   Wareham, N J ^a   Sandhu, M S ^a,c   Loos, R J F ^a  

^a ADDENBROOKE S HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^b TOHOKU UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (Japan)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

3 adrenergic receptor; Gene; Meta analysis; Polymorphism

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ALLELE; ARTICLE; BODY MASS; FEMALE; GENETIC HETEROGENEITY; GENETIC TRAIT; GENETIC VARIABILITY; GENOTYPE; HUMAN; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; STEADY STATE;

ANTHROPOMETRY; BODY MASS INDEX; FEMALE; GENOTYPE; HETEROZYGOTE; HOMOZYGOTE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; POLYMORPHISM, GENETIC; RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC, BETA-3;

EID: 49449101079     PISSN: 03070565     EISSN: 14765497     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2008.90     Document Type: Article

References (106)

1. Rankinen T, Zuberi A, Chagnon YC, Weisnagel SJ, Argyropoulos G, Walts B et al. The human obesity gene map: the 2005 update. Obesity 2006; 14: 529-644.
2. Walston J, Silver K, Bogardus C, Knowler WC, Celi FS, Austin S et al. Time of onset of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and genetic variation in the beta 3-adrenergic-receptor gene. N Engl J Med 1995; 333: 343-347.
3. Clement K, Vaisse C, Manning BS, Basdevant A, Guy-Grand B, Ruiz J et al. Genetic variation in the beta 3-adrenergic receptor and an increased capacity to gain weight in patients with morbid obesity. N Engl J Med 1995; 333: 352-354.
4. Widen E, Lehto M, Kanninen T, Walston J, Shuldiner AR, Groop LC. Association of a polymorphism in the beta 3-adrenergic-receptor gene with features of the insulin resistance syndrome in Finns. N Engl J Med 1995; 333: 348-351.
5. Allison DB, Heo M, Faith MS, Pietrobelli A. Meta-analysis of the association of the Trp64Arg polymorphism in the beta3 adrenergic receptor with body mass index. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1998; 22: 559-566.
6. Fujisawa T, Ikegami H, Kawaguchi Y, Ogihara T. Meta-analysis of the association of Trp64Arg polymorphism of beta3-adrenergic receptor gene with body mass index. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 83: 2441-2444.
7. Kurokawa N, Nakai K, Kameo S, Liu Z-M, Satoh H. Association of BMI with the beta3-adrenergic receptor gene polymorphism in Japanese: meta-analysis. Obesity Res 2001; 9: 741-745.
8. Day N, Oakes S, Luben R, Khaw KT, Bingham S, Welch A et al. EPIC-Norfolk: study design and characteristics of the cohort. European Prospective Investigation of Cancer. Br J Cancer 1999; 80: 95-103.
9. Kadowaki H, Yasuda K, Iwamoto K, Otabe S, Shimokawa K, Silver K et al. A mutation in the beta 3-adrenergic receptor gene is associated with obesity and hyperinsulinemia in Japanese subjects. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1995; 215: 555-560.
10. Yoshida T, Sakane N, Umekawa T, Sakai M, Takahashi T, Kondo M. Mutation of beta 3-adrenergic-receptor gene and response to treatment of obesity. Lancet 1995; 346: 1433-1434.
11. Awata T, Katayama S. Genetic variation in the beta3-adrenergic receptor in Japanese NIDDM patients. Diabetes Care 1996; 19: 271-272.
12. Li LS, Lonnqvist F, Luthman H, Arner P. Phenotypic characterization of the Trp64Arg polymorphism in the beta 3-adrenergic receptor gene in normal weight and obese subjects. Diabetologia 1996; 39: 857-860.
13. Urhammer SA, Clausen JO, Hansen T, Pedersen O. Insulin sensitivity and body weight changes in young white carriers of the codon 64 amino acid polymorphism of the beta 3-adrenergic receptor gene. Diabetes 1996; 45: 1115-1120.
14. Sakane N, Yoshida T, Yoshioka K, Umekawa T, Takakura Y, Kogure A et al. Genetic variation in the beta 3-adrenergic receptor in Japanese NIDDM patients. Diabetes Care 1996; 19: 1034-1035.
15. Kurabayashi T, Carey DG, Morrison NA. The beta 3-adrenergic receptor gene Trp64Arg mutation is overrepresented in obese women. Effects on weight, BMI, abdominal fat, blood pressure, and reproductive history in an elderly Australian population. Diabetes 1996; 45: 1358-1363.
16. Silver K, Walston J, Wang Y, Dowse G, Zimmet P, Shuldiner AR. Molecular scanning for mutations in the beta 3-adrenergic receptor gene in Nauruans with obesity and noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996; 81: 4155-4158.
17. Gagnon J, Mauriege P, Roy S, Sjostrom D, Chagnon YC, Dionne FT et al. The Trp64Arg mutation of the beta3 adrenergic receptor gene has no effect on obesity phenotypes in the quebec family study and Swedish obese subjects cohorts. J Clin Invest 1996; 98: 2086-2093.
18. Zhang Y, Wat N, Stratton IM, Warren-Perry MG, Orho M, Groop L et al. UKPDS 19: heterogeneity in NIDDM: separate contributions of IRS-1 and beta 3-adrenergic-receptor mutations to insulin resistance and obesity respectively with no evidence for glycogen synthase gene mutations. UK Prospective Diabetes Study. Diabetologia 1996; 39: 1505-1511.
19. Fumeron F, Durack-Bown I, Betoulle D, Cassard-Doulcier AM, Tuzet S, Bouillaud F et al. Polymorphisms of uncoupling protein (UCP) and beta 3 adrenoreceptor genes in obese people submitted to a low calorie diet. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1996; 20: 1051-1054.
20. Oksanen L, Mustajoki P, Kaprio J, Kainulainen K, Janne O, Peltonen L et al. Polymorphism of the beta 3-adrenergic receptor gene in morbid obesity. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1996; 20: 1055-1061.
21. Elbein SC, Hoffman M, Barrett K,Wegner K, Miles C, Bachman K et al. Role of the beta 3-adrenergic receptor locus in obesity and noninsulin-dependent diabetes among members of Caucasian families with a diabetic sibling pair. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996; 81: 4422-4427.
22. Sakane N, Yoshida T, Umekawa T, Kondo M, Sakai Y, Takahashi T. Beta 3-adrenergic-receptor polymorphism: a genetic marker for visceral fat obesity and the insulin resistance syndrome. Diabetologia 1997; 40: 200-204.
23. Ueda K, Tanizawa Y, Oota Y, Inoue H, Kizuki N, Tsukuda K et al. Prevalence of the Trp64Arg missense mutation of the beta3-adrenergic receptor gene in Japanese subjects. Metabolism 1997; 46: 199-202.
24. Higashi K, Ishikawa T, Ito T, Yonemura A, Shige H, Nakamura H. Association of a genetic variation in the beta 3-adrenergic receptor gene with coronary heart disease among Japanese. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997; 232: 728-730.
25. Nagase T, Aoki A, Yamamoto M, Yasuda H, Kado S, Nishikawa M et al. Lack of association between the Trp64 Arg mutation in the beta 3-adrenergic receptor gene and obesity in Japanese men: a longitudinal analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997; 82: 1284-1287.
26. Yuan X, Yamada K, Koyama K, Ichikawa F, Ishiyama S, Koyanagi A et al. Beta 3-adrenergic receptor gene polymorphism is not a major genetic determinant of obesity and diabetes in Japanese general population. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1997; 37: 1-7.
27. Jeyasingam CL, Bryson JM, Caterson ID, Yue DK, Donnelly R. Expression of the beta 3-adrenoceptor gene polymorphism (Trp64Arg) in obese diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1997; 24: 733-735.
28. Moriarty M, Wing RR, Kuller LH, Ferrell RE. Trp64Arg substitution in the beta 3-adrenergic receptor does not relate to body weight in healthy, premenopausal women. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1997; 21: 826-829.
29. Arii K, Suehiro T, Yamamoto M, Ito H, Ikeda Y, Nakauchi Y et al. Trp64Arg mutation of beta 3-adrenergic receptor and insulin sensitivity in subjects with glucose intolerance. Intern Med 1997; 36: 603-606.
30. Silver K, Mitchell BD, Walston J, Sorkin JD, Stern MP, Roth J et al. TRP64ARG beta 3-adrenergic receptor and obesity in Mexican Americans. Hum Genet 1997; 101: 306-311.
31. Biery AJ, Ebbesson SO, Shuldiner AR, Boyer BB. The beta(3)-adrenergic receptor TRP64ARG polymorphism and obesity in Alaskan Eskimos. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1997; 21: 1176-1179.
32. O'Dell SD, Bolla MK, Miller GJ, Cooper JA, Humphries SE, Day IN. W64R mutation in beta-3-adrenergic receptor gene and weight in a large population sample. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1998; 22: 377-379.
33. McFarlane-Anderson N, Bennett F, Wilks R, Howell S, Newsome C, Cruickshank K et al. The Trp64Arg mutation of the beta3-adrenergic receptor is associated with hyperglycemia and current body mass index in Jamaican women. Metabolism 1998; 47: 617-621.
34. Sun L, Ishibashi S, Osuga J, Harada K, Ohashi K, Gotoda T et al. Clinical features associated with the homozygous Trp64Arg mutation of the beta3-adrenergic receptor: no evidence for its association with obesity in Japanese. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1998; 18: 941-946.
35. Shima Y, Tsukada T, Nakanishi K, Ohta H. Association of the Trp64Arg mutation of the beta3-adrenergic receptor with fatty liver and mild glucose intolerance in Japanese subjects. Clin Chim Acta 1998; 274: 167-176.
36. Janssen JA, Koper JW, Stolk RP, Englaro P, Uitterlinden AG, Huang Q et al. Lack of associations between serum leptin, a polymorphism in the gene for the beta 3-adrenergic receptor and glucose tolerance in the Dutch population. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1998; 49: 229-234.
37. Buettner R, Schaffler A, Arndt H, Rogler G, Nusser J, Zietz B et al. The Trp64Arg polymorphism of the beta 3-adrenergic receptor gene is not associated with obesity or type 2 diabetes mellitus in a large population-based Caucasian cohort. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 83: 2892-2897.
38. Xiang K, Jia W, Lu H, Zheng T, Lu J, Tang J et al. Effects of Trp64Arg mutation in the beta 3-adrenergic receptor gene on body fat, plasma glucose level, lipid profile, insulin secretion and action in Chinese [article in Chinese]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi 1998; 15: 337-340.
39. Vendrell J, Gutierrez C, Broch M, Fernandez-Real JM, Aguilar C, Richart C. Beta 3-adrenoreceptor gene polymorphism and leptin. Lack of relationship in type 2 diabetic patients. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1998; 49: 679-683.
40. Sakane N, Yoshida T, Yoshioka K, Nakamura Y, Umekawa T, Kogure A et al. Trp64Arg mutation of beta3-adrenoceptor gene is associated with diabetic nephropathy in Type II diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 1998; 41: 1533-1534.
41. Hayashi H, Nagasaka S, Ishikawa S, Kawakami A, Rokkaku K, Nakamura T et al. Contribution of a missense mutation (Trp64Arg) in beta3-adrenergic receptor gene to multiple risk factors in Japanese men with hyperuricemia. Endocr J 1998; 45: 779-784.
42. Fogelholm M, Valve R, Kukkonen-Harjula K, Nenonen A, Hakkarainen V, Laakso M et al. Additive effects of the mutations in the beta3-adrenergic receptor and uncoupling protein-1 genes on weight loss and weight maintenance in Finnish women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 83: 4246-4250.
43. Shiwaku K, Gao TQ, Isobe A, Fukushima T, Yamane Y. A Trp 64 Arg mutation in the beta3-adrenergic receptor gene is not associated with moderate overweight in Japanese workers. Metabolism 1998; 47: 1528-1530.
44. Hoffstedt J, Poirier O, Thorne A, Lonnqvist F, Herrmann SM, Cambien F et al. Polymorphism of the human beta3-adrenoceptor gene forms a well-conserved haplotype that is associated with moderate obesity and altered receptor function. Diabetes 1999; 48: 203-205.
45. Tonolo G, Melis MG, Secchi G, Atzeni MM, Angius MF, Carboni A et al. Association of Trp64Arg beta 3-adrenergic-receptor gene polymorphism with essential hypertension in the Sardinian population. J Hypertens 1999; 17: 33-38.
46. Ghosh S, Langefeld CD, Ally D, Watanabe RM, Hauser ER, Magnuson VL et al. The W64R variant of the beta3-adrenergic receptor is not associated with type II diabetes or obesity in a large Finnish sample. Diabetologia 1999; 42: 238-244.
47. Yanagisawa K, Iwasaki N, Sanaka M, Minei S, Kanamori M, Omori Y et al. Polymorphism of the beta3-adrenergic receptor gene and weight gain in pregnant diabetic women. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1999; 44: 41-47.
48. Festa A, Krugluger W, Shnawa N, Hopmeier P, Haffner SM, Schernthaner G. Trp64Arg polymorphism of the beta3-adrenergic receptor gene in pregnancy: association with mild gestational diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84: 1695-1699.
49. Hayakawa T, Nagai Y, Taniguchi M, Yamashita H, Takamura T, Abe T et al. Phenotypic characterization of the beta3-adrenergic receptor mutation and the uncoupling protein 1 polymorphism in Japanese men. Metabolism 1999; 48: 636-640.
50. Sheu WH, LeeWJ, Yao YE, Jeng CY, Young MM, Chen YT. Lack of association between genetic variation in the beta3-adrenergic receptor gene and insulin resistance in patients with coronary heart disease. Metabolism 1999; 48: 651-654.
51. Lin SY, Sheu WH, Lee WJ, Song YM, Chen YT. Trp64Arg polymorphism of the beta 3-adrenergic receptor gene is associated with increased plasma leptin levels in obese Chinese women. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 1999; 62: 569-576.
52. Benecke H, Topak H, von zur Muhlen A, Schuppert F. A study on the genetics of obesity: influence of polymorphisms of the beta-3-adrenergic receptor and insulin receptor substrate 1 in relation to weight loss, waist to hip ratio and frequencies of common cardiovascular risk factors. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2000; 108: 86-92.
53. Sun L, Yoko I, Shun I. Investigation and comparison of the beta3-adrenergic receptor gene Trp64Arg mutation in the Chinese and Japanese [article in Chinese]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2000; 80: 107-110.
54. Thomas GN, Tomlinson B, Chan JC, Young RP, Critchley JA. The Trp64Arg polymorphism of the beta3-adrenergic receptor gene and obesity in Chinese subjects with components of the metabolic syndrome. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2000; 24: 545-551.
55. Pamies-Andreu E, Garcia-Lozano R, Palmero-Palmero C, Garcia-Morillo S, Alonso-Arcas A, Stiefel P et al. Genetic variation in the beta-3-adrenergic receptor in essential hypertension. Life Sci 2000; 67: 391-397.
56. Alevizaki M, Thalassinou L, Grigorakis SI, Philippou G, Lili K, Souvatzoglou A et al. Study of the Trp64Arg polymorphism of the beta3-adrenergic receptor in Greek women with gestational diabetes. Diabetes Care 2000; 23: 1079-1083.
57. Ringel J, Kreutz R, Distler A, Sharma AM. The Trp64Arg polymorphism of the beta3-adrenergic receptor gene is associated with hypertension in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Hypertens 2000; 13: 1027-1031.
58. Evans D, Minouchehr S, Hagemann G, Mann WA, Wendt D, Wolf A et al. Frequency of and interaction between polymorphisms in the beta3-adrenergic receptor and in uncoupling proteins 1 and 2 and obesity in Germans. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2000; 24: 1239-1245.
59. Manraj M, Francke S, Hebe A, US R, Froguel P. Genetic and environmental nature of the insulin resistance syndrome in Indo-Mauritian subjects with premature coronary heart disease: contribution of beta3-adrenoreceptor gene polymorphism and beta blockers on triglyceride and HDL concentrations. Diabetologia 2001; 44: 115-122.
60. Lowe Jr WL, Rotimi CN, Luke A, Guo X, Zhu X, Comuzzie AG et al. The beta 3-adrenergic receptor gene and obesity in a population sample of African Americans. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2001; 25: 54-60.
61. Oeveren van-Dybicz AM, Vonkeman HE, Bon MA, van den Bergh FA, Vermes I. Beta 3-adrenergic receptor gene polymorphism and type 2 diabetes in a Caucasian population. Diabetes Obes Metab 2001; 3: 47-51.
62. Strazzullo P, Iacone R, Siani A, Cappuccio FP, Russo O, Barba G et al. Relationship of the Trp64Arg polymorphism of the beta3-adrenoceptor gene to central adiposity and high blood pressure: interaction with age. Cross-sectional and longitudinal findings of the Olivetti Prospective Heart Study. J Hypertens 2001; 19: 399-406.
63. Yamauchi T, Kuno T, Takada H, Mishima K, Nagura Y, Takahashi S et al. The impact of Trp64Arg mutation in the beta3-adrenergic receptor gene on haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2001; 16: 641-642.
64. Huang XE, Hamajima N, Saito T, Matsuo K, Mizutani M, Iwata H et al. Possible association of beta2- and beta3-adrenergic receptor gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2001; 3: 264-269.
65. Carlsson M, Orho-Melander M, Hedenbro J, Groop LC. Common variants in the beta2-(Gln27Glu) and beta3-(Trp64Arg)-adrenoceptor genes are associated with elevated serum NEFA concentrations and type II diabetes. Diabetologia 2001; 44: 629-636.
66. Shihara N, Yasuda K, Moritani T, Ue H, Uno M, Adachi T et al. Synergistic effect of polymorphisms of uncoupling protein 1 and beta3-adrenergic receptor genes on autonomic nervous system activity. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2001; 25: 761-766.
67. Oizumi T, Daimon M, Saitoh T, Kameda W, Yamaguchi H, Ohnuma H et al. Genotype Arg/Arg, but not Trp/Arg, of the Trp64Arg polymorphism of the beta(3)-adrenergic receptor is associated with type 2 diabetes and obesity in a large Japanese sample. Diabetes Care 2001; 24: 1579-1583.
68. Chen Y, Xu Y, Zhou L. Association of beta 3-adrenergic receptor gene with obesity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus [article in Chinese]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2001; 35: 333-335.
69. Kawamura T, Egusa G, Fujikawa R, Okubo M. Beta(3)-adrenergic receptor gene variant is associated with upper body obesity only in obese Japanese-American men but not in women. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2001; 54: 49-55.
70. Corella D, Guillen M, Portoles O, Sorli JV, Alonso V, Folch J et al. Gender specific associations of the Trp64Arg mutation in the beta3-adrenergic receptor gene with obesity-related phenotypes in a Mediterranean population: interaction with a common lipoprotein lipase gene variation. J Intern Med 2001; 250: 348-360.
71. Ishii T, Hirose H, Kawai T, Hayashi K, Maruyama H, Saito I et al. Effects of intestinal fatty acid-binding protein gene Ala54Thr polymorphism and beta3-adrenergic receptor gene Trp64Arg polymorphism on insulin resistance and fasting plasma glucose in young to older Japanese men. Metabolism 2001; 50: 1301-1307.
72. Santos JL, Perez-Bravo F, Martinez JA, Montalvo D, Albala C, Carrasco E. No evidence for an association between genetic polymorphisms of beta(2)- and beta(3)-adrenergic receptor genes with body mass index in Aymara natives from Chile. Nutrition 2002; 18: 255-258.
73. Zhu L, Liu K, Wang R, Hou J. Investigation and comparison of the beta(3)-adrenergic receptor gene Trp64Arg mutation in simple obesity and metabolic syndrome [article in Chinese]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 2002; 41: 224-228.
74. Okumura K, Matsui H, Ogawa Y, Takahashi R, Matsubara K, Imai H et al. The polymorphism of the beta3-adrenergic receptor gene is associated with reduced low-density lipoprotein particle size. Metabolism 2003; 52: 356-361.
75. Walston J, Andersen RE, Seibert M, Hilfiker H, Beamer B, Blumenthal J et al. Arg64 beta3-adrenoceptor variant and the components of energy expenditure. Obes Res 2003; 11: 509-511.
76. Frederiksen L, Brodbaek K, Fenger M, Madsbad S, Urhammer SA, Jorgensen T et al. No interactions between polymorphisms in the beta3-adrenergic receptor gene and the PPAR-gamma gene on the risk of the insulin resistance syndrome in the Danish MONICA cohort. Diabetologia 2003; 46: 729-731.
77. Matsushita H, Kurabayashi T, Tomita M, Kato N, Tanaka K. Effects of uncoupling protein 1 and beta3-adrenergic receptor gene polymorphisms on body size and serum lipid concentrations in Japanese women. Maturitas 2003; 45: 39-45.
78. Shiwaku K, Nogi A, Anuurad E, Kitajima K, Enkhmaa B, Shimono K et al. Difficulty in losing weight by behavioral intervention for women with Trp64Arg polymorphism of the beta3-adrenergic receptor gene. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2003; 27: 1028-1036.
79. Aoyama M, Shidoji Y, Saimei M, Tsunawake N, Ichinose M. Phenotypic linkage between single-nucleotide polymorphisms of beta3-adrenergic receptor gene and NADH dehydrogenase subunit-2 gene, with special reference to eating behavior. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 309: 261-265.
80. Matsushita Y, Yokoyama T, Yoshiike N, Matsumura Y, Date C, Kawahara K et al. The Trp(64)Arg polymorphism of the beta(3)-adrenergic receptor gene is not associated with body weight or body mass index in Japanese: a longitudinal analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 88: 5914-5920.
81. Karasaki Y, Kashiwazaki H. Polymorphism of Trp64Arg in beta3-adrenergic receptor gene among Bolivian people in rural areas at high and low altitudes. Ann Clin Biochem 2004; 41: 57-60.
82. Malina AN, Laivuori HM, Agatisa PK, Collura LA, Crombleholme WR, Sims CJ et al. The Trp64Arg polymorphism of the beta3-adrenergic receptor is not increased in women with preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004; 190: 779-783.
83. Kim OY, Cho EY, Park HY, Jang Y, Lee JH. Additive effect of the mutations in the beta3-adrenoceptor gene and UCP3 gene promoter on body fat distribution and glycemic control after weight reduction in overweight subjects with CAD or metabolic syndrome. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2004; 28: 434-441.
84. Nozaki Y, Saibara T, Nemoto Y, Ono M, Akisawa N, Iwasaki S et al. Polymorphisms of interleukin-1 beta and beta 3-adrenergic receptor in Japanese patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2004; 28: 106S-110S.
85. Tsai PJ, Ho SC, Tsai LP, Lee YH, Hsu SP, Yang SP et al. Lack of relationship between beta3-adrenergic receptor gene polymorphism and gestational diabetes mellitus in a Taiwanese population. Metabolism 2004; 53: 1136-1139.
86. Ramis JM, Gonzalez-Sanchez JL, Proenza AM, Martinez-Larrad MT, Fernandez-Perez C, Palou A et al. The Arg64 allele of the beta 3-adrenoceptor gene but not the -3826G allele of the uncoupling protein 1 gene is associated with increased leptin levels in the Spanish population. Metabolism 2004; 53: 1411-1416.
87. Zhang C, Williams M, Edwards K, Austin M. Trp(64)Arg polymorphism of the beta3-adrenergic receptor gene, prepregnancy obesity and risk of pre-eclampsia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2005; 17: 19-28.
88. Perez-Bravo F, Echiburu B, Maliqueo M, Santos JL, Sir-Petermann T. Tryptophan 64→ arginine polymorphism of beta-3-adrenergic receptor in Chilean women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2005; 62: 126-131.
89. Nagano T, Matsuda Y, Tanioka T, Yoshioka T, Hiroi T, Yoshikawa K et al. No association of the Trp 64 Arg mutation of the beta3-adrenergic receptor gene with obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension in Japanese patients with schizophrenia. J Med Invest 2005; 52: 57-64.
90. Zhang LQ, Yao WZ, He QY, Wang YZ, Ren B, Lin YP. Polymorphisms in the beta2 and beta3 adrenergic receptor genes in obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome [article in Chinese]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 2005; 44: 333-336.
91. Terra SG, McGorray SP, Wu R, McNamara DM, Cavallari LH, Walker JR et al. Association between beta-adrenergic receptor polymorphisms and their G-protein-coupled receptors with body mass index and obesity in women: a report from the NHLBI-sponsored WISE study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2005; 29: 746-754.
92. Miyaki K, Sutani S, Kikuchi H, Takei I, Murata M, Watanabe K et al. Increased risk of obesity resulting from the interaction between high energy intake and the Trp64Arg polymorphism of the beta3-adrenergic receptor gene in healthy Japanese men. J Epidemiol 2005; 15: 203-210.
93. Mattevi VS, Zembrzuski VM, Hutz MH. Impact of variation in ADRB2, ADRB3, and GNB3 genes on body mass index and waist circumference in a Brazilian population. Am J Hum Biol 2006; 18: 182-186.
94. Wang CY, Nguyen ND, Morrison NA, Eisman JA, Center JR, Nguyen TV. Beta3-adrenergic receptor gene, body mass index, bone mineral density and fracture risk in elderly men and women: the Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study (DOES). BMC Med Genet 2006; 7: 57.
95. Kim K, Lee S, Lim K, Cheun W, Ahn N, Shin Y et al. Comparison of body fat distribution and blood lipid profiles according to Trp64Arg polymorphism for the beta 3-adrenergic receptor gene in Korean middle-aged women. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2006; 52: 281-286.
96. Yuan M, Ohishi M, Ito N, Sugimoto K, Takagi T, Terai M et al. Genetic influences of beta-adrenoceptor polymorphisms on arterial functional changes and cardiac remodeling in hypertensive patients. Hypertens Res 2006; 29: 875-881.
97. Tamaki S, Nakamura Y, Tabara Y, Okamura T, Kita Y, Kadowaki T et al. Relationship between metabolic syndrome and Trp64arg polymorphism of the beta-adrenergic receptor gene in a general sample: the Shigaraki study. Hypertens Res 2006; 29: 891-896.
98. Fallucca F, Dalfra MG, Sciullo E, Masin M, Buongiorno AM, Napoli A et al. Polymorphisms of insulin receptor substrate 1 and beta3-adrenergic receptor genes in gestational diabetes and normal pregnancy. Metabolism 2006; 55: 1451-1456.
99. Kawaguchi H, Masuo K, Katsuya T, Sugimoto K, Rakugi H, Ogihara T et al. beta2- and beta3-Adrenoceptor polymorphisms relate to subsequent weight gain and blood pressure elevation in obese normotensive individuals. Hypertens Res 2006; 29: 951-959.
100. Mergen H, Karaaslan C, Mergen M, Deniz Ozsoy E, Ozata M. LEPR, ADBR3, IRS-1 and 5-HTT genes polymorphisms do not associate with obesity. Endocr J 2007; 54: 89-94.
101. Ueno T, Takahashi Y, Matsumoto T, Tsunemi A, Watanabe H, Tahira K et al. Postprandial plasma lipid levels are influenced by the interaction of functional polymorphisms in the microsome triglyceride transfer protein and beta3 adrenergic receptor genes. Med Sci Monit 2007; 13: BR112-BR118.
102. Zhan S, Ho SC. Meta-analysis of the association of the Trp64Arg polymorphism in the beta3 adrenergic receptor with insulin resistance. Obesity Res 2005; 13: 1709-1719.
103. Pietri-Rouxel F, Manning BS, Gros J, Strosberg AD. The biochemical effect of the naturally occurring Trp64→Arg mutation on human beta3-adrenoceptor activity. Eur J Biochem 1997; 247: 1174-1179.
104. Kimura K, Sasaki N, Asano A, Mizukami J, Kayahashi S, Kawada T et al. Mutated human beta3-adrenergic receptor (Trp64Arg) lowers the response to beta3-adrenergic agonists in transfected 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Horm Metab Res 2000; 32: 91-96.
105. Umekawa T, Yoshida T, Sakane N, Kogure A, Kondo M, Honjyo H. Trp64Arg mutation of beta3-adrenoceptor gene deteriorates lipolysis induced by beta3-adrenoceptor agonist in human omental adipocytes. Diabetes 1999; 48: 117-120.
106. Candelore MR, Deng L, Tota LM, Kelly LJ, Cascieri MA, Strader CD. Pharmacological characterization of a recently described human beta 3- adrenergic receptor mutant. Endocrinology 1996; 137: 2638-2641.