메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 4, Issue 5, 2008, Pages 272-283

Drug Insight: Insulin-sensitizing drugs in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome - A reappraisal

Author keywords

Infertility; Insulin resistance; Metformin; Polycystic ovary syndrome; Thiazolidinediones

Indexed keywords

2,4 THIAZOLIDINEDIONE DERIVATIVE; CLOMIFENE CITRATE; DEXTRO CHIRO INOSITOL; DIANE; ETHINYLESTRADIOL; GESTAGEN; INOSITOL DERIVATIVE; INSULIN SENSITIZING AGENT; METFORMIN; PIOGLITAZONE; PLACEBO; ROSIGLITAZONE; SPIRONOLACTONE; SULFONYLUREA; TROGLITAZONE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 42449144300     PISSN: 17458366     EISSN: 17458374     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/ncpendmet0787     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (100)

References (102)
  • 1
    • 0029095150 scopus 로고
    • Polycystic ovary syndrome
    • Franks S (1995) Polycystic ovary syndrome. N Engl J Med 333: 853-861
    • (1995) N Engl J Med , vol.333 , pp. 853-861
    • Franks, S.1
  • 2
    • 0031773509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of the polycystic ovary syndrome in unselected black and white women of the southeastern United States: A prospective study
    • Knochenhauer ES et al. (1998) Prevalence of the polycystic ovary syndrome in unselected black and white women of the southeastern United States: a prospective study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 83: 3078-3082
    • (1998) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.83 , pp. 3078-3082
    • Knochenhauer, E.S.1
  • 3
    • 0033345349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A survey of the polycystic ovary syndrome in the Greek island of Lesbos: Hormonal and metabolic profile
    • Diamanti-Kandarakis E et al. (1999) A survey of the polycystic ovary syndrome in the Greek island of Lesbos: hormonal and metabolic profile. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84: 4006-4011
    • (1999) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.84 , pp. 4006-4011
    • Diamanti-Kandarakis, E.1
  • 4
    • 0001698606 scopus 로고
    • Amenorrhea associated with bilateral polycystic ovaries
    • Stein I and Leventhal M (1935) Amenorrhea associated with bilateral polycystic ovaries. Am J Obstet Gynecol 29: 181-191
    • (1935) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.29 , pp. 181-191
    • Stein, I.1    Leventhal, M.2
  • 5
    • 84924017867 scopus 로고
    • The polycystic ovary. I. Clinical and histologic features
    • Goldzieher JW and Green JA (1962) The polycystic ovary. I. Clinical and histologic features. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 22: 325-338
    • (1962) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.22 , pp. 325-338
    • Goldzieher, J.W.1    Green, J.A.2
  • 6
    • 0018906734 scopus 로고
    • Correlation of hyperandrogenism with hyperinsulinism in polycystic ovarian disease
    • Burghen GA et al. (1980) Correlation of hyperandrogenism with hyperinsulinism in polycystic ovarian disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 50: 113-116
    • (1980) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.50 , pp. 113-116
    • Burghen, G.A.1
  • 7
    • 0141998792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polycystic ovary syndrome: Syndrome XX?
    • Sam S and Dunaif A (2003) Polycystic ovary syndrome: syndrome XX? Trends Endocrinol Metab 14: 365-370
    • (2003) Trends Endocrinol Metab , vol.14 , pp. 365-370
    • Sam, S.1    Dunaif, A.2
  • 8
    • 17844367331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and characteristics of the metabolic syndrome in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
    • Apridonidze T et al. (2005) Prevalence and characteristics of the metabolic syndrome in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90: 1929-1935
    • (2005) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.90 , pp. 1929-1935
    • Apridonidze, T.1
  • 9
    • 0037062657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and coronary atherosclerosis
    • Grundy SM (2002) Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and coronary atherosclerosis. Circulation 105: 2696-2698
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.105 , pp. 2696-2698
    • Grundy, S.M.1
  • 10
    • 0033014327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The epidemiology of polycystic ovary syndrome. Prevalence and associated disease risks
    • Solomon CG (1999) The epidemiology of polycystic ovary syndrome. Prevalence and associated disease risks. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 28: 247-263
    • (1999) Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am , vol.28 , pp. 247-263
    • Solomon, C.G.1
  • 11
    • 33750201631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A meta-analysis of pregnancy outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
    • Boomsma CM et al. (2006) A meta-analysis of pregnancy outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod Update 12: 673-683
    • (2006) Hum Reprod Update , vol.12 , pp. 673-683
    • Boomsma, C.M.1
  • 12
    • 0038307320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polycystic ovary syndrome and cardiovascular disease: A premature association?
    • Legro RS (2003) Polycystic ovary syndrome and cardiovascular disease: a premature association? Endocr Rev 24: 302-312
    • (2003) Endocr Rev , vol.24 , pp. 302-312
    • Legro, R.S.1
  • 13
    • 0031456016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin resistance and the polycystic ovary syndrome: Mechanism and implications for pathogenesis
    • Dunaif A (1997) Insulin resistance and the polycystic ovary syndrome: mechanism and implications for pathogenesis. Endocr Rev 18: 774-800
    • (1997) Endocr Rev , vol.18 , pp. 774-800
    • Dunaif, A.1
  • 14
    • 17444385941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin resistance in the skeletal muscle of women with PCOS involves intrinsic and acquired defects in insulin signaling
    • Corbould A et al. (2005) Insulin resistance in the skeletal muscle of women with PCOS involves intrinsic and acquired defects in insulin signaling. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 288: E1047-E1054
    • (2005) Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab , vol.288
    • Corbould, A.1
  • 15
    • 0023879442 scopus 로고
    • Polycystic ovaries-a common finding in normal women
    • Polson DW et al. (1988) Polycystic ovaries-a common finding in normal women. Lancet 1: 870-872
    • (1988) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 870-872
    • Polson, D.W.1
  • 16
    • 18844447715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polycystic ovaries are common in women with hyperandrogenic chronic anovulation but do not predict metabolic or reproductive phenotype
    • Legro RS et al. (2005) Polycystic ovaries are common in women with hyperandrogenic chronic anovulation but do not predict metabolic or reproductive phenotype. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90: 2571-2579
    • (2005) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.90 , pp. 2571-2579
    • Legro, R.S.1
  • 17
    • 0346186090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM-sponsored PCOS consensus workshop group (2004) Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Hum Reprod 19: 41-47
    • The Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM-sponsored PCOS consensus workshop group (2004) Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Hum Reprod 19: 41-47
  • 18
    • 0027301374 scopus 로고
    • The relationship of insulin insensitivity to menstrual pattern in women with hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovaries
    • Robinson S et al. (1993) The relationship of insulin insensitivity to menstrual pattern in women with hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovaries. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 39: 351-355
    • (1993) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) , vol.39 , pp. 351-355
    • Robinson, S.1
  • 19
    • 4544361515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polycystic ovarian morphology with regular ovulatory cycles: Insights into the pathophysiology of polycystic ovarian syndrome
    • Adams JM et al. (2004) Polycystic ovarian morphology with regular ovulatory cycles: insights into the pathophysiology of polycystic ovarian syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89: 4343-4350
    • (2004) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.89 , pp. 4343-4350
    • Adams, J.M.1
  • 20
    • 0034452954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Normal ovulatory women with polycystic ovaries have hyperandrogenic pituitary-ovarian responses to gonadotropin- releasing hormoneagonist testing
    • Chang PL et al. (2000) Normal ovulatory women with polycystic ovaries have hyperandrogenic pituitary-ovarian responses to gonadotropin- releasing hormoneagonist testing. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85: 995-1000
    • (2000) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.85 , pp. 995-1000
    • Chang, P.L.1
  • 21
    • 33947276374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic characteristics of women with polycystic ovaries and oligoamenorrhoea but normal androgen levels: Implications for the management of polycystic ovary syndrome
    • Barber TM et al. (2007) Metabolic characteristics of women with polycystic ovaries and oligoamenorrhoea but normal androgen levels: implications for the management of polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 66: 513-517
    • (2007) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) , vol.66 , pp. 513-517
    • Barber, T.M.1
  • 22
    • 33751526500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Position statement: Criteria for defining polycystic ovary syndrome as a predominantly hyperandrogenic syndrome: an Androgen Excess Society guideline
    • Azziz R et al. (2006) Position statement: criteria for defining polycystic ovary syndrome as a predominantly hyperandrogenic syndrome: an Androgen Excess Society guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91: 4237-4245
    • (2006) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.91 , pp. 4237-4245
    • Azziz, R.1
  • 23
    • 19244365650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thiazolidinediones
    • Yki-Jarvinen H (2004) Thiazolidinediones. N Engl J Med 351: 1106-1118
    • (2004) N Engl J Med , vol.351 , pp. 1106-1118
    • Yki-Jarvinen, H.1
  • 24
    • 0037008045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metformin: An update
    • Kirpichnikov D et al. (2002) Metformin: an update. Ann Intern Med 137: 25-33
    • (2002) Ann Intern Med , vol.137 , pp. 25-33
    • Kirpichnikov, D.1
  • 25
    • 0034773404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action
    • Zhou G et al. (2001) Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action. J Clin Invest 108: 1167-1174
    • (2001) J Clin Invest , vol.108 , pp. 1167-1174
    • Zhou, G.1
  • 26
    • 28844433635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The kinase LKB1 mediates glucose homeostasis in liver and therapeutic effects of metformin
    • Shaw RJ et al. (2005) The kinase LKB1 mediates glucose homeostasis in liver and therapeutic effects of metformin. Science 310: 1642-1646
    • (2005) Science , vol.310 , pp. 1642-1646
    • Shaw, R.J.1
  • 27
    • 0032568257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and metabolic effects of metformin and troglitazone in type II diabetes mellitus
    • Inzucchi SE et al. (1998) Efficacy and metabolic effects of metformin and troglitazone in type II diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 338: 867-872
    • (1998) N Engl J Med , vol.338 , pp. 867-872
    • Inzucchi, S.E.1
  • 28
    • 0032005178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic effects of troglitazone monotherapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Maggs DG et al. (1998) Metabolic effects of troglitazone monotherapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 128: 176-185
    • (1998) Ann Intern Med , vol.128 , pp. 176-185
    • Maggs, D.G.1
  • 29
    • 0029151863 scopus 로고
    • Lipotoxicity in the pathogenesis of obesity-dependent NIDDM. Genetic and clinical implications
    • Unger RH (1995) Lipotoxicity in the pathogenesis of obesity-dependent NIDDM. Genetic and clinical implications. Diabetes 44: 863-870
    • (1995) Diabetes , vol.44 , pp. 863-870
    • Unger, R.H.1
  • 30
    • 0027347135 scopus 로고
    • Insulin mediators and the mechanism of insulin action
    • Romero G and Larner J (1993) Insulin mediators and the mechanism of insulin action. Adv Pharmacol 24: 21-50
    • (1993) Adv Pharmacol , vol.24 , pp. 21-50
    • Romero, G.1    Larner, J.2
  • 31
    • 0033614480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ovulatory and metabolic effects of D-chiro-inositol in the polycystic ovary syndrome
    • Nestler JE et al. (1999) Ovulatory and metabolic effects of D-chiro-inositol in the polycystic ovary syndrome. N Engl J Med 340: 1314-1320
    • (1999) N Engl J Med , vol.340 , pp. 1314-1320
    • Nestler, J.E.1
  • 32
    • 0028315971 scopus 로고
    • Metformin therapy in polycystic ovary syndrome reduces hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, hyperandrogenemia, and systolic blood pressure, while facilitating normal menses and pregnancy
    • Velazquez EM et al. (1994) Metformin therapy in polycystic ovary syndrome reduces hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, hyperandrogenemia, and systolic blood pressure, while facilitating normal menses and pregnancy. Metabolism 43: 647-654
    • (1994) Metabolism , vol.43 , pp. 647-654
    • Velazquez, E.M.1
  • 33
    • 0029795871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The insulin-sensitizing agent troglitazone improves metabolic and reproductive abnormalities in the polycystic ovary syndrome
    • Dunaif A et al. (1996) The insulin-sensitizing agent troglitazone improves metabolic and reproductive abnormalities in the polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81: 3299-3306
    • (1996) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.81 , pp. 3299-3306
    • Dunaif, A.1
  • 34
    • 85031803755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lord JM et al. Insulin-sensitising drugs (metformin, troglitazone, rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, D-chiroinositol) for polycystic ovary syndrome. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2003, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD003053. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003053
    • Lord JM et al. Insulin-sensitising drugs (metformin, troglitazone, rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, D-chiroinositol) for polycystic ovary syndrome. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2003, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD003053. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003053
  • 35
    • 0031957333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic effects of metformin on insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism in polycystic ovary syndrome
    • Diamanti-Kandarakis E et al. (1998) Therapeutic effects of metformin on insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism in polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 138: 269-274
    • (1998) Eur J Endocrinol , vol.138 , pp. 269-274
    • Diamanti-Kandarakis, E.1
  • 36
    • 0035041906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Troglitazone improves ovulation and hirsutism in the polycystic ovary syndrome: A multicenter, double blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Azziz R et al. (2001) Troglitazone improves ovulation and hirsutism in the polycystic ovary syndrome: a multicenter, double blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86: 1626-1632
    • (2001) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.86 , pp. 1626-1632
    • Azziz, R.1
  • 37
    • 4043100289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of the insulin sensitizer pioglitazone on insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, and ovulatory dysfunction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
    • Brettenthaler N et al. (2004) Effect of the insulin sensitizer pioglitazone on insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, and ovulatory dysfunction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89: 3835-3840
    • (2004) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.89 , pp. 3835-3840
    • Brettenthaler, N.1
  • 38
    • 0037326410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Troglitazone therapy improves endothelial function to near normal levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
    • Paradisi G et al. (2003) Troglitazone therapy improves endothelial function to near normal levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88: 576-580
    • (2003) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.88 , pp. 576-580
    • Paradisi, G.1
  • 39
    • 15444366255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polycystic ovary syndrome
    • Ehrmann DA (2005) Polycystic ovary syndrome. N Engl J Med 352: 1223-1236
    • (2005) N Engl J Med , vol.352 , pp. 1223-1236
    • Ehrmann, D.A.1
  • 40
    • 0142185995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin-lowering agents in the management of polycystic ovary syndrome
    • De Leo V et al. (2003) Insulin-lowering agents in the management of polycystic ovary syndrome. Endocr Rev 24: 633-667
    • (2003) Endocr Rev , vol.24 , pp. 633-667
    • De Leo, V.1
  • 41
    • 0035907330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thiazolidinediones but not metformin directly inhibit the steroidogenic enzymes P450c17 and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
    • Arlt W et al. (2001) Thiazolidinediones but not metformin directly inhibit the steroidogenic enzymes P450c17 and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. J Biol Chem 276: 16767-16771
    • (2001) J Biol Chem , vol.276 , pp. 16767-16771
    • Arlt, W.1
  • 42
    • 0036136904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Putative activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ impairs androgen and enhances progesterone biosynthesis in primary cultures of porcine theca cells
    • Schoppee PD et al. (2002) Putative activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ impairs androgen and enhances progesterone biosynthesis in primary cultures of porcine theca cells. Biol Reprod 66: 190-198
    • (2002) Biol Reprod , vol.66 , pp. 190-198
    • Schoppee, P.D.1
  • 43
    • 0345505642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metformin has direct effects on human ovarian steroidogenesis
    • Mansfield R et al. (2003) Metformin has direct effects on human ovarian steroidogenesis. Fertil Steril 79: 956-962
    • (2003) Fertil Steril , vol.79 , pp. 956-962
    • Mansfield, R.1
  • 44
    • 0026028184 scopus 로고
    • A direct effect of hyperinsulinemia on serum sex hormone-binding globulin levels in obese women with the polycystic ovary syndrome
    • Nestler JE et al. (1991) A direct effect of hyperinsulinemia on serum sex hormone-binding globulin levels in obese women with the polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 72: 83-89
    • (1991) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.72 , pp. 83-89
    • Nestler, J.E.1
  • 45
    • 0036170744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ovarian function and metabolic factors in women with oligomenorrhea treated with metformin in a randomized double blind placebo-controlled trial
    • Fleming R et al. (2002) Ovarian function and metabolic factors in women with oligomenorrhea treated with metformin in a randomized double blind placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87: 569-574
    • (2002) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.87 , pp. 569-574
    • Fleming, R.1
  • 46
    • 1242306504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonobese women with polycystic ovary syndrome respond better than obese women to treatment with metformin
    • Maciel GAR et al. (2004) Nonobese women with polycystic ovary syndrome respond better than obese women to treatment with metformin. Fertil Steril 81: 355-360
    • (2004) Fertil Steril , vol.81 , pp. 355-360
    • Maciel, G.A.R.1
  • 47
    • 23844436916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metformin and weight loss in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: Comparison of doses
    • Harborne LR et al. (2005) Metformin and weight loss in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: comparison of doses. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90: 4593-4598
    • (2005) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.90 , pp. 4593-4598
    • Harborne, L.R.1
  • 48
    • 15944390236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Responses of serum androgen and insulin resistance to metformin and pioglitazone in obese, insulin-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome
    • Ortega-Gonzalez C et al. (2005) Responses of serum androgen and insulin resistance to metformin and pioglitazone in obese, insulin-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90: 1360-1365
    • (2005) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.90 , pp. 1360-1365
    • Ortega-Gonzalez, C.1
  • 49
    • 5144220551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of metformin and rosiglitazone, alone and in combination, in nonobese women with polycystic ovary syndrome and normal indices of insulin sensitivity
    • Baillargeon J-P et al. (2004) Effects of metformin and rosiglitazone, alone and in combination, in nonobese women with polycystic ovary syndrome and normal indices of insulin sensitivity. Fertil Steril 82: 893-902
    • (2004) Fertil Steril , vol.82 , pp. 893-902
    • Baillargeon, J.-P.1
  • 50
    • 12244251426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of rosiglitazone in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome and severe insulin resistance
    • Sepilian V and Nagamani M (2005) Effects of rosiglitazone in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome and severe insulin resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90: 60-65
    • (2005) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.90 , pp. 60-65
    • Sepilian, V.1    Nagamani, M.2
  • 51
    • 17744383191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does metformin modify ovarian responsiveness during exogenous FSH ovulation induction in normogonadotrophic anovulation? A placebo-controlled double-blind assessment
    • van Santbrink EJ et al. (2005) Does metformin modify ovarian responsiveness during exogenous FSH ovulation induction in normogonadotrophic anovulation? A placebo-controlled double-blind assessment. Eur J Endocrinol 152: 611-617
    • (2005) Eur J Endocrinol , vol.152 , pp. 611-617
    • van Santbrink, E.J.1
  • 52
    • 27144485352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized controlled trial evaluating metformin pre-treatment and co-administration in non-obese insulin-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome treated with controlled ovarian stimulation plus timed intercourse or intrauterine insemination
    • Palomba S et al. (2005) A randomized controlled trial evaluating metformin pre-treatment and co-administration in non-obese insulin-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome treated with controlled ovarian stimulation plus timed intercourse or intrauterine insemination. Hum Reprod 20: 2879-2886
    • (2005) Hum Reprod , vol.20 , pp. 2879-2886
    • Palomba, S.1
  • 53
    • 33745670469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of metformin for women with PCOS undergoing IVF treatment
    • Tang T et al. (2006) The use of metformin for women with PCOS undergoing IVF treatment. Hum Reprod 21: 1416-1425
    • (2006) Hum Reprod , vol.21 , pp. 1416-1425
    • Tang, T.1
  • 54
    • 23044513823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective parallel randomized, double-blind, double-dummy controlled clinical trial comparing clomiphene citrate and metformin as the first-line treatment for ovulation induction in nonobese anovulatory women with polycystic ovary syndrome
    • Palomba S et al. (2005) Prospective parallel randomized, double-blind, double-dummy controlled clinical trial comparing clomiphene citrate and metformin as the first-line treatment for ovulation induction in nonobese anovulatory women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90: 4068-4074
    • (2005) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.90 , pp. 4068-4074
    • Palomba, S.1
  • 55
    • 33745713576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of clomifene citrate plus metformin and clomifene citrate plus placebo on induction of ovulation in women with newly diagnosed polycystic ovary syndrome: Randomised double blind clinical trial
    • Moll E et al. (2006) Effect of clomifene citrate plus metformin and clomifene citrate plus placebo on induction of ovulation in women with newly diagnosed polycystic ovary syndrome: randomised double blind clinical trial. BMJ 332: 1485
    • (2006) BMJ , vol.332 , pp. 1485
    • Moll, E.1
  • 56
    • 33846875851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clomiphene, metformin, or both for infertility in the polycystic ovary syndrome
    • Legro RS et al. (2007) Clomiphene, metformin, or both for infertility in the polycystic ovary syndrome. N Engl J Med 356: 551-566
    • (2007) N Engl J Med , vol.356 , pp. 551-566
    • Legro, R.S.1
  • 57
    • 34548784576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clomiphene citrate versus metformin as first-line approach for the treatment of anovulation in infertile patients with polycystic ovary syndrome
    • Palomba S et al. (2007) Clomiphene citrate versus metformin as first-line approach for the treatment of anovulation in infertile patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92: 3498-3503
    • (2007) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.92 , pp. 3498-3503
    • Palomba, S.1
  • 58
    • 34848918151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of infertility
    • Balen AH and Rutherford AJ (2007) Management of infertility. BMJ 335: 608-611
    • (2007) BMJ , vol.335 , pp. 608-611
    • Balen, A.H.1    Rutherford, A.J.2
  • 59
    • 0037291235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus switched from twice-daily immediate-release metformin to a oncedaily extended-release formulation
    • Fujioka K et al. (2003) Glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus switched from twice-daily immediate-release metformin to a oncedaily extended-release formulation. Clin Ther 25: 515-529
    • (2003) Clin Ther , vol.25 , pp. 515-529
    • Fujioka, K.1
  • 60
    • 0036851165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pregnancy outcomes among women with polycystic ovary syndrome treated with metformin
    • Glueck CJ et al. (2002) Pregnancy outcomes among women with polycystic ovary syndrome treated with metformin. Hum Reprod 17: 2858-2864
    • (2002) Hum Reprod , vol.17 , pp. 2858-2864
    • Glueck, C.J.1
  • 61
    • 0036171653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of metformin on early pregnancy loss in the polycystic ovary syndrome
    • Jakubowicz DJ et al. (2002) Effects of metformin on early pregnancy loss in the polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87: 524-529
    • (2002) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.87 , pp. 524-529
    • Jakubowicz, D.J.1
  • 62
    • 0031830727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity and reproductive disorders: A review
    • Norman RJ and Clark AM (1998) Obesity and reproductive disorders: a review. Reprod Fertil Dev 10: 55-63
    • (1998) Reprod Fertil Dev , vol.10 , pp. 55-63
    • Norman, R.J.1    Clark, A.M.2
  • 63
    • 0034715879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body mass and probability of pregnancy during assisted reproduction treatment: Retrospective study
    • Wang JX et al. (2000) Body mass and probability of pregnancy during assisted reproduction treatment: retrospective study. BMJ 321: 1320-1321
    • (2000) BMJ , vol.321 , pp. 1320-1321
    • Wang, J.X.1
  • 64
    • 33645408556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pregnancy outcome in infertile patients with polycystic ovary syndrome who were treated with metformin
    • Thatcher SS and Jackson EM (2006) Pregnancy outcome in infertile patients with polycystic ovary syndrome who were treated with metformin. Fertil Steril 85: 1002-1009
    • (2006) Fertil Steril , vol.85 , pp. 1002-1009
    • Thatcher, S.S.1    Jackson, E.M.2
  • 65
    • 6344245947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metformin administration versus laparoscopic ovarian diathermy in clomiphene citrate-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A prospective parallel randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial
    • Palomba S et al. (2004) Metformin administration versus laparoscopic ovarian diathermy in clomiphene citrate-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a prospective parallel randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89: 4801-4809
    • (2004) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.89 , pp. 4801-4809
    • Palomba, S.1
  • 66
    • 2542593109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Should we continue or stop insulin sensitizing drugs during pregnancy?
    • Norman RJ et al. (2004) Should we continue or stop insulin sensitizing drugs during pregnancy? Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 16: 245-250
    • (2004) Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol , vol.16 , pp. 245-250
    • Norman, R.J.1
  • 67
    • 4344651482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metformin reduces pregnancy complications without affecting androgen levels in pregnant polycystic ovary syndrome women: Results of a randomized study
    • Vanky E et al. (2004) Metformin reduces pregnancy complications without affecting androgen levels in pregnant polycystic ovary syndrome women: results of a randomized study. Hum Reprod 19: 1734-1740
    • (2004) Hum Reprod , vol.19 , pp. 1734-1740
    • Vanky, E.1
  • 68
    • 0032948363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and predictors of risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in polycystic ovary syndrome: A prospective, controlled study in 254 affected women
    • Legro RS et al. (1999) Prevalence and predictors of risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in polycystic ovary syndrome: a prospective, controlled study in 254 affected women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84: 165-169
    • (1999) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.84 , pp. 165-169
    • Legro, R.S.1
  • 69
    • 3042685726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Height, weight, and motor-social development during the first 18 months of life in 126 infants born to 109 mothers with polycystic ovary syndrome who conceived on and continued metformin through pregnancy
    • Glueck CJ et al. (2004) Height, weight, and motor-social development during the first 18 months of life in 126 infants born to 109 mothers with polycystic ovary syndrome who conceived on and continued metformin through pregnancy. Hum Reprod 19: 1323-1330
    • (2004) Hum Reprod , vol.19 , pp. 1323-1330
    • Glueck, C.J.1
  • 70
    • 3843127654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metformin, pre-eclampsia, and pregnancy outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
    • Glueck CJ et al. (2004) Metformin, pre-eclampsia, and pregnancy outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Diabet Med 21: 829-836
    • (2004) Diabet Med , vol.21 , pp. 829-836
    • Glueck, C.J.1
  • 71
    • 1542712377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metformin during pregnancy reduces insulin, insulin resistance, insulin secretion, weight, testosterone and development of gestational diabetes: Prospective longitudinal assessment of women with polycystic ovary syndrome from preconception throughout pregnancy
    • Glueck CJ et al. (2004) Metformin during pregnancy reduces insulin, insulin resistance, insulin secretion, weight, testosterone and development of gestational diabetes: prospective longitudinal assessment of women with polycystic ovary syndrome from preconception throughout pregnancy. Hum Reprod 19: 510-521
    • (2004) Hum Reprod , vol.19 , pp. 510-521
    • Glueck, C.J.1
  • 72
    • 33645282834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metformin use during the first trimester of pregnancy. Is it safe?
    • Koren G et al. (2006) Metformin use during the first trimester of pregnancy. Is it safe? Can Fam Physician 52: 171-172
    • (2006) Can Fam Physician , vol.52 , pp. 171-172
    • Koren, G.1
  • 73
    • 0033848295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral hypoglycaemic agents in 118 diabetic pregnancies
    • Hellmuth E et al. (2000) Oral hypoglycaemic agents in 118 diabetic pregnancies. Diabet Med 17: 507-511
    • (2000) Diabet Med , vol.17 , pp. 507-511
    • Hellmuth, E.1
  • 74
    • 34447124329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A trial in progress: Gestational diabetes: treatment with metformin compared with insulin (the Metformin in Gestational Diabetes [MiG] trial) [abstract]
    • Rowan JA (2007) A trial in progress: gestational diabetes: treatment with metformin compared with insulin (the Metformin in Gestational Diabetes [MiG] trial) [abstract]. Diabetes Care 30: S214-S219
    • (2007) Diabetes Care , vol.30
    • Rowan, J.A.1
  • 75
    • 29144477303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined lifestyle modification and metformin in obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind multicentre study
    • Tang T et al. (2006) Combined lifestyle modification and metformin in obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind multicentre study. Hum Reprod 21: 80-89
    • (2006) Hum Reprod , vol.21 , pp. 80-89
    • Tang, T.1
  • 76
    • 17744400090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of long-term treatment with metformin added to hypocaloric diet on body composition, fat distribution, and androgen and insulin levels in abdominally obese women with and without the polycystic ovary syndrome
    • Pasquali R et al. (2000) Effect of long-term treatment with metformin added to hypocaloric diet on body composition, fat distribution, and androgen and insulin levels in abdominally obese women with and without the polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85: 2767-2774
    • (2000) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.85 , pp. 2767-2774
    • Pasquali, R.1
  • 77
    • 1042276554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of flutamide and metformin administered alone or in combination in dieting obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome
    • Gambineri A et al. (2004) Effect of flutamide and metformin administered alone or in combination in dieting obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 60: 241-249
    • (2004) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) , vol.60 , pp. 241-249
    • Gambineri, A.1
  • 78
    • 33749579388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment with flutamide, metformin, and their combination added to a hypocaloric diet in overweight-obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized, 12-month, placebo-controlled study
    • Gambineri A et al. (2006) Treatment with flutamide, metformin, and their combination added to a hypocaloric diet in overweight-obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized, 12-month, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91: 3970-3980
    • (2006) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.91 , pp. 3970-3980
    • Gambineri, A.1
  • 79
    • 33745512819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of metformin on fat distribution and the metabolic syndrome in women with polycystic ovary syndrome - a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Lord J et al. (2006) The effect of metformin on fat distribution and the metabolic syndrome in women with polycystic ovary syndrome - a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 113: 817-824
    • (2006) Br J Obstet Gynaecol , vol.113 , pp. 817-824
    • Lord, J.1
  • 80
    • 0344442676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minimal response of circulating lipids in women with polycystic ovary syndrome to improvement in insulin sensitivity with troglitazone
    • Legro RS et al. (2003) Minimal response of circulating lipids in women with polycystic ovary syndrome to improvement in insulin sensitivity with troglitazone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88: 5137-5144
    • (2003) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.88 , pp. 5137-5144
    • Legro, R.S.1
  • 81
    • 19744365285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metformin administration improves endothelial function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
    • Diamanti-Kandarakis E et al. (2005) Metformin administration improves endothelial function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 152: 749-756
    • (2005) Eur J Endocrinol , vol.152 , pp. 749-756
    • Diamanti-Kandarakis, E.1
  • 82
    • 18744362198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Homocysteine levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome treated with metformin versus rosiglitazone: A randomized study
    • Kilicdag EB et al. (2005) Homocysteine levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome treated with metformin versus rosiglitazone: a randomized study. Hum Reprod 20: 894-899
    • (2005) Hum Reprod , vol.20 , pp. 894-899
    • Kilicdag, E.B.1
  • 83
    • 33947705624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Legro RS et al. (2007) The effects of metformin and rosiglitazone, alone and in combination, on the ovary and endometrium in polycystic ovary syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 196: 402e1-402e11
    • Legro RS et al. (2007) The effects of metformin and rosiglitazone, alone and in combination, on the ovary and endometrium in polycystic ovary syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 196: 402e1-402e11
  • 84
    • 31644440879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized controlled trial of the efficacy of rosiglitazone and clomiphene citrate versus metformin and clomiphene citrate in women with clomiphene citrate-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome
    • Rouzi AA and Ardawi MSM (2006) A randomized controlled trial of the efficacy of rosiglitazone and clomiphene citrate versus metformin and clomiphene citrate in women with clomiphene citrate-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 85: 428-435
    • (2006) Fertil Steril , vol.85 , pp. 428-435
    • Rouzi, A.A.1    Ardawi, M.S.M.2
  • 85
    • 0028818522 scopus 로고
    • Metabolic effects of oral contraceptives in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
    • Korytkowski MT et al. (1995) Metabolic effects of oral contraceptives in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 80: 3327-3334
    • (1995) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.80 , pp. 3327-3334
    • Korytkowski, M.T.1
  • 86
    • 0031789384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of two antiandrogen treatments on hirsutism and insulin sensitivity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
    • Dahlgren E et al. (1998) Effects of two antiandrogen treatments on hirsutism and insulin sensitivity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod 13: 2706-2711
    • (1998) Hum Reprod , vol.13 , pp. 2706-2711
    • Dahlgren, E.1
  • 87
    • 0038031022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A modern medical quandary: Polycystic ovary syndrome, insulin resistance, and oral contraceptive pills
    • Diamanti-Kandarakis E et al. (2003) A modern medical quandary: polycystic ovary syndrome, insulin resistance, and oral contraceptive pills. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88: 1927-1932
    • (2003) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.88 , pp. 1927-1932
    • Diamanti-Kandarakis, E.1
  • 88
    • 0032931526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The natural history of the metabolic syndrome in young women with the polycystic ovary syndrome and the effect of long-term oestrogen-progestagen treatment
    • Pasquali R et al. (1999) The natural history of the metabolic syndrome in young women with the polycystic ovary syndrome and the effect of long-term oestrogen-progestagen treatment. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 50: 517-527
    • (1999) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) , vol.50 , pp. 517-527
    • Pasquali, R.1
  • 89
    • 35848938638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin-sensitising drugs versus the combined oral contraceptive pill for hirsutism, acne and risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and endometrial cancer in polycystic ovary syndrome
    • Art. No, CD005552. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005552.pub2
    • Costello M et al. Insulin-sensitising drugs versus the combined oral contraceptive pill for hirsutism, acne and risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and endometrial cancer in polycystic ovary syndrome. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD005552. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005552.pub2
    • (2007) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews , Issue.1
    • Costello, M.1
  • 90
    • 33847640229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of medical therapy on insulin resistance and the cardiovascular system in polycystic ovary syndrome
    • Meyer C et al. (2007) Effects of medical therapy on insulin resistance and the cardiovascular system in polycystic ovary syndrome. Diabetes Care 30: 471-478
    • (2007) Diabetes Care , vol.30 , pp. 471-478
    • Meyer, C.1
  • 91
    • 34447127552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of ethinyl-estradiol plus cyproterone acetate versus metformin effects on classic metabolic cardiovascular risk factors in women with the polycystic ovary syndrome
    • Luque-Ramirez M et al. (2007) Comparison of ethinyl-estradiol plus cyproterone acetate versus metformin effects on classic metabolic cardiovascular risk factors in women with the polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92: 2453-2461
    • (2007) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.92 , pp. 2453-2461
    • Luque-Ramirez, M.1
  • 92
    • 42449157428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Steroidal contraceptives: Effect on carbohydrate metabolism in women without diabetes mellitus
    • Art. No, CD006133. doi:10.1002/14651858. CD006133.pub2
    • Lopez LM et al. Steroidal contraceptives: effect on carbohydrate metabolism in women without diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD006133. doi:10.1002/14651858. CD006133.pub2
    • (2007) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews , Issue.2
    • Lopez, L.M.1
  • 93
    • 0344420380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Salpeter SR et al. (2003) Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med 163: 2594-2602
    • (2003) Arch Intern Med , vol.163 , pp. 2594-2602
    • Salpeter, S.R.1
  • 94
    • 33748748206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of rosiglitazone on the frequency of diabetes in patients with impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose: A randomised controlled trial
    • Gerstein HC et al. (2006) Effect of rosiglitazone on the frequency of diabetes in patients with impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 368: 1096-1105
    • (2006) Lancet , vol.368 , pp. 1096-1105
    • Gerstein, H.C.1
  • 95
    • 26244453309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secondary prevention of macrovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes in the PROactive Study (PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macroVascular Events): A randomised controlled trial
    • Dormandy JA et al. (2005) Secondary prevention of macrovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes in the PROactive Study (PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macroVascular Events): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 366: 1279-1289
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.366 , pp. 1279-1289
    • Dormandy, J.A.1
  • 96
    • 34250212715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of rosiglitazone on the risk of myocardial infarction and death from cardiovascular causes
    • Nissen SE and Wolski K (2007) Effect of rosiglitazone on the risk of myocardial infarction and death from cardiovascular causes. N Engl J Med 356: 2457-2471
    • (2007) N Engl J Med , vol.356 , pp. 2457-2471
    • Nissen, S.E.1    Wolski, K.2
  • 97
    • 34250865768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rosiglitazone evaluated for cardiovascular outcomes - an interim analysis
    • Home PD et al. (2007) Rosiglitazone evaluated for cardiovascular outcomes - an interim analysis. N Engl J Med 357: 28-38
    • (2007) N Engl J Med , vol.357 , pp. 28-38
    • Home, P.D.1
  • 98
    • 34250826679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rosiglitazone and cardiotoxicity - weighing the evidence
    • Nathan DM (2007) Rosiglitazone and cardiotoxicity - weighing the evidence. N Engl J Med 357: 64-66
    • (2007) N Engl J Med , vol.357 , pp. 64-66
    • Nathan, D.M.1
  • 99
    • 0036675187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of lifestyle modification in polycystic ovary syndrome
    • Norman RJ et al. (2002) The role of lifestyle modification in polycystic ovary syndrome. Trends Endocrinol Metab 13: 251-257
    • (2002) Trends Endocrinol Metab , vol.13 , pp. 251-257
    • Norman, R.J.1
  • 100
    • 0037034257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin
    • Knowler WC et al. (2002) Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med 346: 393-403
    • (2002) N Engl J Med , vol.346 , pp. 393-403
    • Knowler, W.C.1
  • 101
    • 0034458234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metformin effects on clinical features, endocrine and metabolic profiles, and insulin sensitivity in polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 6-month trial, followed by open, long-term clinical evaluation
    • Moghetti P et al. (2000) Metformin effects on clinical features, endocrine and metabolic profiles, and insulin sensitivity in polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 6-month trial, followed by open, long-term clinical evaluation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85: 139-146
    • (2000) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.85 , pp. 139-146
    • Moghetti, P.1
  • 102
    • 0038440516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polycystic ovary syndrome and endometrial carcinoma
    • Hardiman P et al. (2003) Polycystic ovary syndrome and endometrial carcinoma. Lancet 361: 1810-1812
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.361 , pp. 1810-1812
    • Hardiman, P.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.