Metformin: An update

Annals of Internal Medicine

Volumn 137, Issue 1, 2002, Pages 25-33

  Kirpichnikov, Dmitri ^a   McFarlane, Samy I ^a   Sowers, James R ^a  

^a SUNY DOWNSTATE MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE; GLUCOSE; HEMOGLOBIN A1C; INSULIN; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; METFORMIN; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3 KINASE; SULFONYLUREA DERIVATIVE; THIAZOLIDINE DERIVATIVE;

ABDOMINAL DISCOMFORT; BLOOD VESSEL REACTIVITY; CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS; CARDIOMYOPATHY; CLINICAL TRIAL; DIARRHEA; DRUG BIOAVAILABILITY; DRUG MECHANISM; FLATULENCE; GLUCONEOGENESIS; HEART PROTECTION; HUMAN; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; MITOCHONDRIAL RESPIRATION; MORTALITY; NAUSEA; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; OVARY POLYCYSTIC DISEASE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW;

EID: 0037008045     PISSN: 00034819     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-137-1-200207020-00009     Document Type: Review

References (102)

1. Therapeutic comparison of metformin and sulfonylurea, alone and in various combinations. A double-blind controlled study
2. Efficacy of metformin in patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
3. 13: Relative efficacy of randomly allocated diet, sulphonylurea, insulin, or metformin in patients with newly diagnosed non-insulin dependent diabetes followed for three years
4. Efficacy of metformin in the treatment of NIDDM. Meta-analysis
5. Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34)
6. Efficacy of metformin in type II diabetes: Results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-response trial
7. First 20 months' experience with use of metformin for type 2 diabetes in a large health maintenance organization
8. An overview of metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus
9. Pharmacologic therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus
10. Oral antidiabetic combination therapy with sulphonylureas and metformin
11. Effect of long-term treatment with metformin added to hypocaloric diet on body composition, fat distribution, and androgen and insulin levels in abdominally obese women with and without the polycystic ovary syndrome
12. Metformin-induced resumption of normal menses in 39 of 43 (91%) previously amenorrheic women with the polycystic ovary syndrome
13. Obesity and cardiovascular disease
14. Insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease
15. Metformin prevents weight gain by reducing dietary intake during insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
16. Clinical pharmacokinetics of metformin
17. Accumulation of metformin by tissues of the normal and diabetic mouse
18. Hemodialysis in the treatment of lactic acidosis in diabetics treated by metformin; a study of metformin elimination
19. Reduction of metformin renal tubular secretion by cimetidine in man
20. Combined metformin-sulfonylurea treatment of patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes in fair to poor glycemic control
21. Combining sulfonylureas and other oral agents
22. Effect of metformin and rosiglitazone combination therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled trial
23. UKPDS 28: A randomized trial of efficacy of early addition of metformin in sulfonylurea-treated type 2 diabetes
24. Glycemic control with diet, sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Progressive requirement for multiple therapies (UKPDS 49)
25. Metformin
26. Lactic acidosis in patients with diabetes treated with metformin
27. Metformin: A review of its metabolic effects
28. Lactic acidosis in metformin therapy
29. Inhibitory effect of metformin on intestinal glucose absorption in the perfused rat intestine
30. Increased intake of calcium reverses vitamin B12 malabsorption induced by metformin
31. The antihyperglycaemic effect of metformin: Therapeutic and cellular mechanisms
32. Mechanism by which metformin reduces glucose production in type 2 diabetes
33. Acute antihyperglycemic mechanisms of metformin in NIDDM. Evidence for suppression of lipid oxidation and hepatic glucose production
34. Modifications of citric acid cycle activity and gluconeogenesis in streptozotocin-induced diabetes and effects of metformin
35. Efficacy and metabolic effects of metformin and troglitazone in type II diabetes mellitus
36. Relationship between hepatic glucose production and fasting plasma glucose concentration in patients with NIDDM
37. Effects of metformin on lactate uptake and gluconeogenesis in the perfused rat liver
38. Metformin decreases gluconeogenesis by enhancing the pyruvate kinase flux in isolated rat hepatocytes
39. Effects of metformin on tyrosine kinase activity, glucose transport, and intracellular calcium in rat vascular smooth muscle
40. Hypoxia and mitochondrial inhibitors regulate expression of glucose transporter-1 via distinct Cis-acting sequences
41. Enhancement of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake rate by phenethylbiguanide and other organic cations with hypoglycemic activity
42. Calcium-like action of phenethylbiguanide and related compounds: Inhibition of pyruvate kinase
43. Metformin blocks downregulation of cell surface GLUT4 caused by chronic insulin treatment of rat adipocytes
44. Stimulation of hexose transport by metformin in L6 muscle cells in culture
45. Cellular mechanism of metformin action involves glucose translocation from an intracellular pool to the plasma membrane in L6 muscle cells
46. Effects of metformin on tyrosine kinase activity, glucose transport, and intracellular calcium in rat vascular smooth muscle
47. The antidiabetic drug metformin elevates receptor tyrosine kinase activity and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate mass in Xenopus oocytes
48. Cellular mechanisms of insulin resistance in humans
49. In vivo evidence for hepatic autoregulation during FFAfree fatty acid-stimulated gluconeogenesis in normal humans
50. The role of fatty acids in mediating the effects of peripheral insulin on hepatic glucose production in the conscious dog
51. Fuel selection in human skeletal muscle in insulin resistance: A reexamination
52. Effects of free fatty acids on glucose transport and IRS-1-associated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity
53. Metformin restores insulin secretion altered by chronic exposure to free fatty acids or high glucose: A direct metformin effect on pancreatic beta-cells
54. Reconsideration of inhibitory effect of metformin on intestinal glucose absorption
55. Effect of metformin on carbohydrate and lipoprotein metabolism in NIDDM patients
56. Insulin resistance, polycystic ovary syndrome and metformin
57. Metformin effects on clinical features, endocrine and metabolic profiles, and insulin sensitivity in polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 6-month trial, followed by open, long-term clinical evaluation
58. A direct effect of hyperinsulinemia on serum sex hormone-binding globulin levels in obese women with the polycystic ovary syndrome
59. Metformin therapy in polycystic ovary syndrome reduces hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, hyperandrogenemia, and systolic blood pressure, while facilitating normal menses and pregnancy
60. Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and mictovascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): Prospective, observational study
61. Increased mortality in Type II diabetic patients using sulphonylurea and metformin in combination a population-based observational study
62. Metformin and risk of cardiovascular disease
63. Diabetes mellitus and diabetes-associated vascular disease
64. Insulin and risk of cardiovascular disease: A meta-analysis
65. Epidemiology of insulin resistance and its relation to coronary artery disease
66. Hypetinsulinemia as an independent risk factor for ischemic heart disease
67. Short-term effects of metformin on insulin sensitivity and sodium homeostasis in essential hypertensives
68. The effects of metformin on glycemic control and serum lipids in insulin-treated NIDDM patients with suboptimal metabolic control
69. Insulin resistance and lipid metabolism
70. Lipid intervention trials in diabetes
71. Management of dyslipidemia in adults with diabetes
72. Triglyceride is the major atherogenic lipid in NIDDM
73. Results of a placebo-controlled study of the metabolic effects of the addition of metformin to sulfonylurea-treated patients. Evidence for a central role of adipose tissue
74. Treating insulin resistance in hypertension with metformin reduces both blood pressure and metabolic risk factors
75. Effects of gliclazide versus metformin on the clinical profile and lipid peroxidation markers in type 2 diabetes
76. Metformin causes a reduction in basal and post-venous occlusion plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in type 2 diabetic patients
77. Effects of merformin on insulin resistance, risk factors for cardiovascular disease, and plasminogen activator inhibitor in NIDDM subjects. A study of two ethnic groups
78. Effect of weight change and metformin on fibrinolysis and the von Willebrand factor in obese nondiabetic subjects: The BIGPRO1 Study, Biguanides and the Prevention of the Risk of Obesity
79. Metformin improves hemodynamic and rheological responses to L-arginine in NIDDM patients
80. Diabetes mellitus, a predictor of morbidity and mortality in the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD) Trials and Registry
81. Myocyte death in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats in angiotensin II-dependent
82. Diabetes rapidly induces contractile dysfunctions in isolated ventricular myocytes
83. Troglitazone attenuates high-glucose-induced abnormalities in relaxation and intracellular calcium in rat ventricular myocytes
84. Metformin but not glyburide prevents high glucose-induced abnormalities in relaxation and intracelular Ca2+ transients in adult rat ventricular myocytes
85. Reduced contractile response to insulin and IGF-I in ventricular myocytes from genetically obese Zucker rats
86. Metformin improves cardiac function in isolated streptozotocin-diabetic rat hearts
87. Metformin attenuates salt-induced hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats
88. Acute symparhoinhibirory actions of merformin in spontaneously hypertensive rats
89. Diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease: An update
90. Effects of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients
91. Hypertension and antihypertensive therapy as risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
92. Insulin, cation metabolism and insulin resistance
93. Metformin improves vascular function in insulin-resistant rats
94. Vascular effects of metformin. Possible mechanisms for its antihypertensive action in the spontaneously hypertensive rat
95. Metformin treatment corrects vascular insulin resistance in hypertension
96. Metformin for obese, insulin-treated diabetic patients: Improvement in glycaemic control and reduction of metabolic risk factors
97. Metformin relaxes rat tail artery by repolarization and resultant decreases in Ca2+ influx and intracellular [Ca2+]
98. Insulin, insulin resistance and platelet function: Similarities with insulin effects on cultured vascular smooth muscle cells
99. Effects of insulin and metformin on glucose metabolism in rat vascular smooth muscle
100. Disparate effects of antidiabetic drugs on arterial contraction
101. The nature of fuel provision for the Na+, K(+)ATPase in porcine vascular smooth muscle
102. Association of systolic blood pressure with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 36): Prospective observational study