메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 18, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 1-23

Errorless learning in the rehabilitation of memory impairment: A critical review

Author keywords

Acquired brain injury; Attention; Dementia; Executive function; Implicit memory

Indexed keywords

AMNESIA; ANALYTICAL ERROR; BRAIN INJURY; ERRORLESS LEARNING; HUMAN; LEARNING; MEMORY DISORDER; METHODOLOGY; REINFORCEMENT; REVIEW; TEACHING;

EID: 38749146548     PISSN: 10407308     EISSN: 15736660     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11065-008-9051-4     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (221)

References (91)
  • 1
    • 0027316014 scopus 로고
    • Maintenance and generalization of object naming training in anomia associated with degenerative dementia
    • Abrahams, J. P., & Camp, C. J. (1993). Maintenance and generalization of object naming training in anomia associated with degenerative dementia. Clinical Gerontologist, 12, 57-72.
    • (1993) Clinical Gerontologist , vol.12 , pp. 57-72
    • Abrahams, J.P.1    Camp, C.J.2
  • 2
    • 33749598322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mnemonic mechanisms of errorless learning
    • Anderson, N., & Craik, F. I. M. (2006). The mnemonic mechanisms of errorless learning. Neuropsychologia, 44, 2806-2813.
    • (2006) Neuropsychologia , vol.44 , pp. 2806-2813
    • Anderson, N.1    Craik, F.I.M.2
  • 4
    • 0028126059 scopus 로고
    • When implicit learning fails: Amnesia and the problem of error elimination
    • Baddeley, A. D., & Wilson, B. A. (1994). When implicit learning fails: Amnesia and the problem of error elimination. Neuropsychologia, 32, 53-68.
    • (1994) Neuropsychologia , vol.32 , pp. 53-68
    • Baddeley, A.D.1    Wilson, B.A.2
  • 9
    • 0025614269 scopus 로고
    • Spaced retrieval: A memory intervention for dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT)
    • Camp, C. J., & Stevens, A. B. (1990). Spaced retrieval: A memory intervention for dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT). Clinical Gerontologist, 10, 58-61.
    • (1990) Clinical Gerontologist , vol.10 , pp. 58-61
    • Camp, C.J.1    Stevens, A.B.2
  • 10
    • 0004458218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spaced retrieval enhances memory in older adults with probable Alzheimer's disease
    • Cherry, K. E., Simmons, S., & Camp, C. J. (1999). Spaced retrieval enhances memory in older adults with probable Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Clinical Geropsychology, 5, 159-175.
    • (1999) Journal of Clinical Geropsychology , vol.5 , pp. 159-175
    • Cherry, K.E.1    Simmons, S.2    Camp, C.J.3
  • 11
    • 0026061332 scopus 로고
    • Explicit and implicit memory in dementia and normal ageing
    • Christensen, H., & Birrell, P. (1991). Explicit and implicit memory in dementia and normal ageing. Psychological Research, 53, 149-161.
    • (1991) Psychological Research , vol.53 , pp. 149-161
    • Christensen, H.1    Birrell, P.2
  • 12
    • 0027443395 scopus 로고
    • Memory in schizophrenia: What is impaired and what is preserved?
    • Clare, L., McKenna, P. J., Mortimer, A. M., & Baddeley, A. D. (1993). Memory in schizophrenia: What is impaired and what is preserved? Neuropsychologia, 31, 1225-1241.
    • (1993) Neuropsychologia , vol.31 , pp. 1225-1241
    • Clare, L.1    McKenna, P.J.2    Mortimer, A.M.3    Baddeley, A.D.4
  • 13
    • 4344573155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Memory rehabilitation for people with early-stage dementia: A single case comparison of four errorless learning methods
    • Clare, L., & Wilson, B. A. (2004). Memory rehabilitation for people with early-stage dementia: A single case comparison of four errorless learning methods. Zeitschrift für Gerontopsychologie und-Psychiatrie, 17, 109-117.
    • (2004) Zeitschrift für Gerontopsychologie Und-Psychiatrie , vol.17 , pp. 109-117
    • Clare, L.1    Wilson, B.A.2
  • 14
    • 0033046953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Errorless learning of face-name associations in early Alzheimer's disease
    • Clare, L., Wilson, B. A., Breen, K., & Hodges, J. R. (1999). Errorless learning of face-name associations in early Alzheimer's disease. Neurocase, 5, 37-46.
    • (1999) Neurocase , vol.5 , pp. 37-46
    • Clare, L.1    Wilson, B.A.2    Breen, K.3    Hodges, J.R.4
  • 16
    • 0037275581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive rehabilitation as a component of early intervention in dementia: A single case study
    • Clare, L., Wilson, B. A., Carter, G., & Hodges, J. R. (2003). Cognitive rehabilitation as a component of early intervention in dementia: A single case study. Aging and Mental Health, 7, 15-21.
    • (2003) Aging and Mental Health , vol.7 , pp. 15-21
    • Clare, L.1    Wilson, B.A.2    Carter, G.3    Hodges, J.R.4
  • 18
    • 0036790910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relearning of face-name associations in early-stage Alzheimer's disease
    • Clare, L., Wilson, B. A., Carter, G., Roth, I., & Hodges, J. (2002). Relearning of face-name associations in early-stage Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychology, 16, 538-547.
    • (2002) Neuropsychology , vol.16 , pp. 538-547
    • Clare, L.1    Wilson, B.A.2    Carter, G.3    Roth, I.4    Hodges, J.5
  • 19
    • 0023440870 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of two procedures for teaching discrimination skills to Down's Syndrome and non-handicapped children
    • Duffy, L., & Wishart, J. G. (1987). A comparison of two procedures for teaching discrimination skills to Down's Syndrome and non-handicapped children. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 57, 265-278.
    • (1987) British Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.57 , pp. 265-278
    • Duffy, L.1    Wishart, J.G.2
  • 21
    • 36349031649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning face-name associations in early-stage dementia: Comparing the effects of errorless learning and effortful processing
    • Dunn, J., & Clare, L. (2007). Learning face-name associations in early-stage dementia: Comparing the effects of errorless learning and effortful processing. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 17 735-754.
    • (2007) Neuropsychological Rehabilitation , vol.17 , pp. 735-754
    • Dunn, J.1    Clare, L.2
  • 22
    • 0033967362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of 'errorless' and 'trial and error' learning methods for teaching individuals with acquired memory deficits
    • Evans, J. J., Wilson, B. A., Schuri, U., Andrade, J., Baddeley, A., Bruna, O., et al. (2000). A comparison of 'errorless' and 'trial and error' learning methods for teaching individuals with acquired memory deficits. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 10, 67-101.
    • (2000) Neuropsychological Rehabilitation , vol.10 , pp. 67-101
    • Evans, J.J.1    Wilson, B.A.2    Schuri, U.3    Andrade, J.4    Baddeley, A.5    Bruna, O.6
  • 23
    • 0037785303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The application of errorless learning to aphasic disorders: A review of theory and practice
    • 3
    • Fillingham, J. K., Hodgson, C., Sage, K., & Ralph, M. A. L. (2003). The application of errorless learning to aphasic disorders: A review of theory and practice. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 13(3), 337-363.
    • (2003) Neuropsychological Rehabilitation , vol.13 , pp. 337-363
    • Fillingham, J.K.1    Hodgson, C.2    Sage, K.3    Ralph, M.A.L.4
  • 25
    • 0029150297 scopus 로고
    • Acquisition and transfer of word processing skill by an amnesic patient
    • Glisky, E. (1995). Acquisition and transfer of word processing skill by an amnesic patient. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 5, 299-318.
    • (1995) Neuropsychological Rehabilitation , vol.5 , pp. 299-318
    • Glisky, E.1
  • 26
    • 0022573938 scopus 로고
    • Learning and retention of computer-related vocabulary in memory-impaired patients: Method of vanishing cues
    • Glisky, E., Schacter, D., & Tulving, E. (1986). Learning and retention of computer-related vocabulary in memory-impaired patients: Method of vanishing cues. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 8, 292-312.
    • (1986) Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , vol.8 , pp. 292-312
    • Glisky, E.1    Schacter, D.2    Tulving, E.3
  • 29
    • 0029563599 scopus 로고
    • On the acquisition of new declarative knowledge in amnesia
    • Hamman, S. B., & Squire, L. R. (1995). On the acquisition of new declarative knowledge in amnesia. Behavioral Neuroscience, 109, 1027-1044.
    • (1995) Behavioral Neuroscience , vol.109 , pp. 1027-1044
    • Hamman, S.B.1    Squire, L.R.2
  • 30
    • 33748413912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How successful is errorless learning in supporting memory for high and low-level knowledge in dementia?
    • Haslam, C., Gilroy, D., Black, S., & Beesley, T. (2006). How successful is errorless learning in supporting memory for high and low-level knowledge in dementia? Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 16, 505-536.
    • (2006) Neuropsychological Rehabilitation , vol.16 , pp. 505-536
    • Haslam, C.1    Gilroy, D.2    Black, S.3    Beesley, T.4
  • 31
    • 0015901045 scopus 로고
    • Failure to establish errorless discrimination in monkeys
    • Haude, R. H. (1973). Failure to establish errorless discrimination in monkeys. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 37, 299-304.
    • (1973) Perceptual and Motor Skills , vol.37 , pp. 299-304
    • Haude, R.H.1
  • 32
    • 1842485030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spaced-retrieval effects on name-face recognition in older adults with probable Alzheimer's disease
    • 2
    • Hawley, K. S., & Cherry, K. E. (2004). Spaced-retrieval effects on name-face recognition in older adults with probable Alzheimer's disease. Behavior Modification, 28(2), 276-296.
    • (2004) Behavior Modification , vol.28 , pp. 276-296
    • Hawley, K.S.1    Cherry, K.E.2
  • 36
    • 0031929535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are the benefits of errorless learning dependent on implicit memory?
    • Hunkin, N. M., Squires, E. J., Parkin, A. J., & Tidy, J. A. (1998). Are the benefits of errorless learning dependent on implicit memory? Neuropsychologia, 36, 25-36.
    • (1998) Neuropsychologia , vol.36 , pp. 25-36
    • Hunkin, N.M.1    Squires, E.J.2    Parkin, A.J.3    Tidy, J.A.4
  • 37
    • 85010956590 scopus 로고
    • The use of errorless learning procedures in teaching people with a learning disability: A critical review
    • 2
    • Jones, R. S. P., & Eayrs, C. B. (1992). The use of errorless learning procedures in teaching people with a learning disability: A critical review. Mental Handicap Research, 5(2), 204-212.
    • (1992) Mental Handicap Research , vol.5 , pp. 204-212
    • Jones, R.S.P.1    Eayrs, C.B.2
  • 38
    • 0035100157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pre-exposure technique: Enhancing the effects of errorless learning in the association of face-name associations
    • Kalla, T., Downes, J. J., & van den Broek, M. (2001). The pre-exposure technique: Enhancing the effects of errorless learning in the association of face-name associations. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 11, 1-16.
    • (2001) Neuropsychological Rehabilitation , vol.11 , pp. 1-16
    • Kalla, T.1    Downes, J.J.2    Van Den Broek, M.3
  • 39
    • 0037390467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does 'errorless learning' compensate for neurocognitive impairments in the work rehabilitation of persons with schizophrenia?
    • Kern, R. S., Green, M. F., Mintz, J., & Liberman, R. P. (2003). Does 'errorless learning' compensate for neurocognitive impairments in the work rehabilitation of persons with schizophrenia? Psychological Medicine, 33, 433-442.
    • (2003) Psychological Medicine , vol.33 , pp. 433-442
    • Kern, R.S.1    Green, M.F.2    Mintz, J.3    Liberman, R.P.4
  • 41
    • 0036842509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Applications of errorless learning for improving work performance in persons with schizophrenia
    • Kern, R. S., Liberman, R. P., Kopelowicz, A., Mintz, J., & Green, M. F. (2002). Applications of errorless learning for improving work performance in persons with schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 159, 1921-1926.
    • (2002) American Journal of Psychiatry , vol.159 , pp. 1921-1926
    • Kern, R.S.1    Liberman, R.P.2    Kopelowicz, A.3    Mintz, J.4    Green, M.F.5
  • 42
    • 0141687378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implicit learning in memory rehabilitation: A meta-analysis on errorless learning and vanishing cues methods
    • Kessels, R. P. C., & de Haan, E. H. F. (2003). Implicit learning in memory rehabilitation: A meta-analysis on errorless learning and vanishing cues methods. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 25, 805-814.
    • (2003) Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , vol.25 , pp. 805-814
    • Kessels, R.P.C.1    De Haan, E.H.F.2
  • 43
    • 35948929392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Route learning in amnesia: A comparison of trial-and-error and errorless learning in Korsakoff patients
    • Kessels, R. P. C., van Loon, E., & Wester, A. J. (2007). Route learning in amnesia: a comparison of trial-and-error and errorless learning in Korsakoff patients. Clinical Rehabilitation, 21, 905-911.
    • (2007) Clinical Rehabilitation , vol.21 , pp. 905-911
    • Kessels, R.P.C.1    Van Loon, E.2    Wester, A.J.3
  • 45
    • 0034051671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Errorless and effortful processes involved in the learning of face-name associations by patients with alcoholic Korsakoff's syndrome
    • Komatsu, S. -I., Mimura, M., Kato, M., Wakamatsu, N., & Kashima, H. (2000). Errorless and effortful processes involved in the learning of face-name associations by patients with alcoholic Korsakoff's syndrome. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 10, 113-208.
    • (2000) Neuropsychological Rehabilitation , vol.10 , pp. 113-208
    • Komatsu S, -I.1    Mimura, M.2    Kato, M.3    Wakamatsu, N.4    Kashima, H.5
  • 46
    • 84933844695 scopus 로고
    • Errorless discrimination of reversible letters: Superimposition and fading combined with an intervening response
    • Lancioni, G. E., Hoogeveen, F. R., Smeets, P. M., & Boelens, H. (1989). Errorless discrimination of reversible letters: Superimposition and fading combined with an intervening response. Psychological Record, 39, 373-385.
    • (1989) Psychological Record , vol.39 , pp. 373-385
    • Lancioni, G.E.1    Hoogeveen, F.R.2    Smeets, P.M.3    Boelens, H.4
  • 49
    • 0024846569 scopus 로고
    • Coin identification and relative value: A training program for adults with a mental handicap
    • Llorente, C., & Gaffan, E. A. (1989). Coin identification and relative value: a training program for adults with a mental handicap. Behavioral Psychotherapy, 17, 332-346.
    • (1989) Behavioral Psychotherapy , vol.17 , pp. 332-346
    • Llorente, C.1    Gaffan, E.A.2
  • 53
    • 46149136979 scopus 로고
    • Acquisition, maintenance, and generalization of productive intraverbal behavior through transfer of stimulus control procedures
    • Luciano, M. C. (1986). Acquisition, maintenance, and generalization of productive intraverbal behavior through transfer of stimulus control procedures. Applied Research in Mental Retardation, 7, 1-20.
    • (1986) Applied Research in Mental Retardation , vol.7 , pp. 1-20
    • Luciano, M.C.1
  • 54
    • 23744512793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired sustained attention and error awareness in traumatic brain injury: Implications for insight
    • McAvinue, L., O'Keefe, F., McMackin, D., & Robertson, I. H. (2005). Impaired sustained attention and error awareness in traumatic brain injury: Implications for insight. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 15, 569-587.
    • (2005) Neuropsychological Rehabilitation , vol.15 , pp. 569-587
    • McAvinue, L.1    O'Keefe, F.2    McMackin, D.3    Robertson, I.H.4
  • 55
    • 42149189887 scopus 로고
    • Reversal following errorless discrimination learning
    • McCoy, J. & Pratt, M. E. (1976). Reversal following errorless discrimination learning. Psychological Reports, 38, 971-978.
    • (1976) Psychological Reports , vol.38 , pp. 971-978
    • McCoy, J.1    Pratt, M.E.2
  • 56
    • 34247605508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do errors matter? Errorless and errorful learning in anomic picture naming
    • McKissock, S., & Ward, J. (2007). Do errors matter? Errorless and errorful learning in anomic picture naming. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 17, 355-373.
    • (2007) Neuropsychological Rehabilitation , vol.17 , pp. 355-373
    • McKissock, S.1    Ward, J.2
  • 57
    • 84953601160 scopus 로고
    • Relearning the names of things: The spaced-retrieval intervention implemented by a caregiver
    • McKitrick, L. A., & Camp, C. J. (1993). Relearning the names of things: The spaced-retrieval intervention implemented by a caregiver. Clinical Gerontologist, 14, 60-62.
    • (1993) Clinical Gerontologist , vol.14 , pp. 60-62
    • McKitrick, L.A.1    Camp, C.J.2
  • 58
    • 19144372588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Training compensatory memory strategies via the telephone for persons with TBI
    • Melton, A. K., & Bourgeois, M. S. (2005). Training compensatory memory strategies via the telephone for persons with TBI. Aphasiology, 19, 353-364.
    • (2005) Aphasiology , vol.19 , pp. 353-364
    • Melton, A.K.1    Bourgeois, M.S.2
  • 59
    • 0000269745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Source monitoring: Attributing mental experiences
    • Oxford University Press Oxford
    • Mitchell, K. J., & Johnson, M. K. (2000). Source monitoring: Attributing mental experiences. In E. Tulving & F. I. M. Craik (Eds.), Handbook of memory. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    • (2000) Handbook of Memory
    • Mitchell, K.J.1    Johnson, M.K.2    Tulving, E.3    Craik, F.I.M.4
  • 60
  • 63
    • 0032897241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Errorless learning and the cognitive rehabilitation of memory-impaired schizophrenic patients
    • O'Carroll, R. E., Russell, H. H., Lawrie, S. M., & Johnstone, E. C. (1999). Errorless learning and the cognitive rehabilitation of memory-impaired schizophrenic patients. Psychological Medicine, 29, 105-112.
    • (1999) Psychological Medicine , vol.29 , pp. 105-112
    • O'Carroll, R.E.1    Russell, H.H.2    Lawrie, S.M.3    Johnstone, E.C.4
  • 65
    • 0000754697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unlearning John Major: Tthe use of errorless learning in the reacquisition of proper names following herpes simplex encephalitis
    • Parkin, A. J., Hunkin, N. M., & Squire, E. J. (1998). Unlearning John Major: Tthe use of errorless learning in the reacquisition of proper names following herpes simplex encephalitis. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 15, 361-375.
    • (1998) Cognitive Neuropsychology , vol.15 , pp. 361-375
    • Parkin, A.J.1    Hunkin, N.M.2    Squire, E.J.3
  • 66
    • 0024990137 scopus 로고
    • Teaching age and gender discrimination by the enhancement of criterion-related cues
    • Reading, J. C., & Ager, A. K. (1990). Teaching age and gender discrimination by the enhancement of criterion-related cues. Behavioral Psychotherapy, 18, 207-219.
    • (1990) Behavioral Psychotherapy , vol.18 , pp. 207-219
    • Reading, J.C.1    Ager, A.K.2
  • 67
    • 3242724128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Which is more effective in promoting implicit and explicit memory: The method of vanishing cues or errorless learning without fading?
    • 3
    • Riley, G. A., Sotiriou, D., & Jaspal, S. (2004). Which is more effective in promoting implicit and explicit memory: The method of vanishing cues or errorless learning without fading? Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 14(3), 257-384.
    • (2004) Neuropsychological Rehabilitation , vol.14 , pp. 257-384
    • Riley, G.A.1    Sotiriou, D.2    Jaspal, S.3
  • 70
    • 33744976634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of errorless and errorful face-name associative learning in moderate to severe dementia
    • Ruis, C., & Kessels, R. P. C. (2005). Effects of errorless and errorful face-name associative learning in moderate to severe dementia. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, 17, 514-517.
    • (2005) Aging Clinical and Experimental Research , vol.17 , pp. 514-517
    • Ruis, C.1    Kessels, R.P.C.2
  • 73
    • 84989990212 scopus 로고
    • The effectiveness of fading in programming a simultaneous form discrimination for retarded children
    • Sidman, M., & Stoddard, L. T. (1967). The effectiveness of fading in programming a simultaneous form discrimination for retarded children. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 10, 3-15.
    • (1967) Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior , vol.10 , pp. 3-15
    • Sidman, M.1    Stoddard, L.T.2
  • 75
    • 0000292040 scopus 로고
    • Teaching machines
    • Skinner, B. F. (1958). Teaching machines. Science, 128, 137-158.
    • (1958) Science , vol.128 , pp. 137-158
    • Skinner, B.F.1
  • 78
    • 28644442627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Instructional techniques in cognitive rehabilitation: A preliminary report
    • Sohlberg, M. M., Ehlhardt, L., & Kennedy, M. (2005). Instructional techniques in cognitive rehabilitation: A preliminary report. Seminars in Speech Language Pathology, 26, 268-279.
    • (2005) Seminars in Speech Language Pathology , vol.26 , pp. 268-279
    • Sohlberg, M.M.1    Ehlhardt, L.2    Kennedy, M.3
  • 79
    • 42149167195 scopus 로고
    • The stimulus generalization gradient as a function of the intensity of stimulus lights
    • Spiker, C. C. (1956). The stimulus generalization gradient as a function of the intensity of stimulus lights. Child Development, 27, 85-98.
    • (1956) Child Development , vol.27 , pp. 85-98
    • Spiker, C.C.1
  • 80
    • 70449138680 scopus 로고
    • The effects of type of stimulus pretraining on discrimination performance in preschool children
    • Spiker, C. C. (1957). The effects of type of stimulus pretraining on discrimination performance in preschool children. Child Development, 28, 79-84.
    • (1957) Child Development , vol.28 , pp. 79-84
    • Spiker, C.C.1
  • 82
    • 0030822810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Errorless learning of novel associations in amnesia
    • 8
    • Squires, E. J., Hunkin, N. M., & Parkin, A. J. (1997). Errorless learning of novel associations in amnesia. Neuropsychologia, 35(8), 1103-1101.
    • (1997) Neuropsychologia , vol.35 , pp. 1103-1101
    • Squires, E.J.1    Hunkin, N.M.2    Parkin, A.J.3
  • 83
    • 15044345491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New semantic learning and generalization in a patient with amnesia
    • Stark, C., Stark, S., & Gordon, B. (2005). New semantic learning and generalization in a patient with amnesia. Neuropsychology, 19, 139-151.
    • (2005) Neuropsychology , vol.19 , pp. 139-151
    • Stark, C.1    Stark, S.2    Gordon, B.3
  • 84
    • 0014092415 scopus 로고
    • The effects of errors on children's performance on a circle-ellipse discrimination
    • Stoddard, L. T., & Sidman, M. (1967). The effects of errors on children's performance on a circle-ellipse discrimination. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 10, 261-270.
    • (1967) Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior , vol.10 , pp. 261-270
    • Stoddard, L.T.1    Sidman, M.2
  • 85
    • 0038062756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An investigation of errorless learning in memory-impaired patients: Improving the technique and clarifying theory
    • 9
    • Tailby, R., & Haslam, C. (2003). An investigation of errorless learning in memory-impaired patients: improving the technique and clarifying theory. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 41(9), 1230-1240.
    • (2003) Neuropsychological Rehabilitation , vol.41 , pp. 1230-1240
    • Tailby, R.1    Haslam, C.2
  • 88
    • 0025181607 scopus 로고
    • Priming and human memory
    • Tulving, E., & Schacter, D. (1990). Priming and human memory. Science, 247, 301-306.
    • (1990) Science , vol.247 , pp. 301-306
    • Tulving, E.1    Schacter, D.2
  • 90
    • 0011617955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive control and episodic memory: Contributions from prefrontal cortex
    • 3 Guilford New York
    • Wagner, A. D. (2002). Cognitive control and episodic memory: contributions from prefrontal cortex. In L. R. Squire & D. L. Schacter (Eds.), Neuropsychology of memory (3rd ed.). New York: Guilford.
    • (2002) Neuropsychology of Memory
    • Wagner, A.D.1    Squire, L.R.2    Schacter, D.L.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.