SCOPUS 정보 검색 플랫폼

ChemBioChem

Volumn 8, Issue 15, 2007, Pages 1841-1849

Non-colinear polyketide biosynthesis in the aureothin and neoaureothin pathways: An evolutionary perspective

(5) Traitcheva, Nelly a Jenke Kodama, Holger b He, Jing a Dittmann, Elke b Hertweck, Christian a,c

a HANS KNÖLL INSTITUTE (Germany)

b HUMBOLDT UNIVERSITY (Germany)

c FRIEDRICH SCHILLER UNIVERSITY JENA (Germany)

Author keywords

Actinomycetes; Evolution; Polyenes; Polyketide synthases; Thiotemplates

Indexed keywords

AUREOTHAN; NEOAUREOTHIN; POLYENE; POLYKETIDE; POLYKETIDE SYNTHASE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

BIOSYNTHESIS; EVOLUTION; GENE CLUSTER; MOLECULAR CLONING; NONHUMAN; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; PHYLOGENY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; CHROMONES; CLONING, MOLECULAR; EVOLUTION, MOLECULAR; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; MULTIGENE FAMILY; PHYLOGENY; POLYENES; POLYKETIDE SYNTHASES; PYRONES; SEQUENCE ANALYSIS, DNA; STREPTOMYCES;

ACTINOBACTERIA (CLASS); STREPTOMYCES ORINOCI; STREPTOMYCES THIOLUTEUS;

EID: 35348982402 PISSN: 14394227 EISSN: 14397633 Source Type: Journal
DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200700309 Document Type: Review

Times cited : (68)

References (67)

1
- 0032860405
- C. Khosla, R. S. Gokhale, J. R. Jacobsen, D. E. Cane, Annu. Rev. Biochem. 1999, 68, 219.
- (1999) Annu. Rev. Biochem , vol.68 , pp. 219
- Khosla, C.¹ Gokhale, R.S.² Jacobsen, J.R.³ Cane, D.E.⁴

2
- 0034957814
- B. J. Rawlings, Nat. Prod. Rep. 2001, 18, 231.
- (2001) Nat. Prod. Rep , vol.18 , pp. 231
- Rawlings, B.J.¹

3
- 0035043763
- B. J. Rawlings, Nat. Prod. Rep. 2001, 18, 190.
- (2001) Nat. Prod. Rep , vol.18 , pp. 190
- Rawlings, B.J.¹

4
- 33748631825
- M. A. Fischbach, C. T. Walsh, Chem. Rev. 2006, 106, 3468.
- (2006) Chem. Rev , vol.106 , pp. 3468
- Fischbach, M.A.¹ Walsh, C.T.²

5
- 0034887171
- J. Staunton, K. J. Weissman, Nat. Prod. Rep. 2001, 18, 380.
- (2001) Nat. Prod. Rep , vol.18 , pp. 380
- Staunton, J.¹ Weissman, K.J.²

6
- 0001436716
- L. Katz, Chem. Rev. 1997, 97, 2557.
- (1997) Chem. Rev , vol.97 , pp. 2557
- Katz, L.¹

7
- 27144489064
- D. H. Sherman, Nat. Biotechnol. 2005, 23, 1083.
- (2005) Nat. Biotechnol , vol.23 , pp. 1083
- Sherman, D.H.¹

8
- 30544434619
- K. J. Weissman, P. F. Leadlay, Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2005, 3, 925.
- (2005) Nat. Rev. Microbiol , vol.3 , pp. 925
- Weissman, K.J.¹ Leadlay, P.F.²

9
- 24744433982
- H. Jenke-Kodama, A. Sandmann, R. Müller, E. Dittmann, Mol. Biol. Evol. 2005, 22, 2027.
- (2005) Mol. Biol. Evol , vol.22 , pp. 2027
- Jenke-Kodama, H.¹ Sandmann, A.² Müller, R.³ Dittmann, E.⁴

10
- 0034141311
- B. Wilkinson, G. Foster, B. A. M. Rudd, N. L. Taylor, A. P. Blackaby, P. J. Sidebottom, D. J. Cooper, M. J. Dawson, A. D. Buss, S. Gaisser, I. U. Böhm, C. J. Rowe, J. Cortés, P. F. Leadlay, J. Staunton, Chem. Biol. 2000, 7, 111.
- (2000) Chem. Biol , vol.7 , pp. 111
- Wilkinson, B.¹ Foster, G.² Rudd, B.A.M.³ Taylor, N.L.⁴ Blackaby, A.P.⁵ Sidebottom, P.J.⁶ Cooper, D.J.⁷ Dawson, M.J.⁸ Buss, A.D.⁹ Gaisser, S.¹⁰ Böhm, I.U.¹¹ Rowe, C.J.¹² Cortés, J.¹³ Leadlay, P.F.¹⁴ Staunton, J.¹⁵

11
- 7744235042
- S. J. Moss, C. J. Martin, B. Wilkinson, Nat. Prod. Rep. 2004, 21, 575.
- (2004) Nat. Prod. Rep , vol.21 , pp. 575
- Moss, S.J.¹ Martin, C.J.² Wilkinson, B.³

12
- 25144510054
- S. C. Wenzel, R. Müller, Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 2005, 9, 447.
- (2005) Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol , vol.9 , pp. 447
- Wenzel, S.C.¹ Müller, R.²

13
- 0037066791
- N. Gaitatzis, B. Silakowski, B. Kunze, G. Nordsiek, H. Blöker, G. Höfle, R. Müller, J. Biol. Chem. 2002, 277, 13082.
- (2002) J. Biol. Chem , vol.277 , pp. 13082
- Gaitatzis, N.¹ Silakowski, B.² Kunze, B.³ Nordsiek, G.⁴ Blöker, H.⁵ Höfle, G.⁶ Müller, R.⁷

14
- 0344099408
- C. Olano, B. Wilkinson, S. J. Moss, A. F. Brana, C. Mendez, P. F. Leadlay, J. A. Salas, Chem. Commun. 2003, 2780.
- (2003) Chem. Commun , pp. 2780
- Olano, C.¹ Wilkinson, B.² Moss, S.J.³ Brana, A.F.⁴ Mendez, C.⁵ Leadlay, P.F.⁶ Salas, J.A.⁷

15
- 0346968190
- J. He, C. Hertweck, Chem. Biol. 2003, 10, 1225.
- (2003) Chem. Biol , vol.10 , pp. 1225
- He, J.¹ Hertweck, C.²

16
- 21044447751
- J. He, C. Hertweck, ChemBioChem 2005, 6, 908.
- (2005) ChemBioChem , vol.6 , pp. 908
- He, J.¹ Hertweck, C.²

17
- 4344691233
- M. Otsuka, K. Ichinose, I. Fujii, Y. Ebizuka, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2004, 48, 3468.
- (2004) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother , vol.48 , pp. 3468
- Otsuka, M.¹ Ichinose, K.² Fujii, I.³ Ebizuka, Y.⁴

18
- 0038644393
- S. Mochizuki, K. Hiratsu, M. Suwa, T. Ishii, F. Sugino, K. Yamada, H. Kinashi, Mol. Microbiol. 2003, 48, 1501.
- (2003) Mol. Microbiol , vol.48 , pp. 1501
- Mochizuki, S.¹ Hiratsu, K.² Suwa, M.³ Ishii, T.⁴ Sugino, F.⁵ Yamada, K.⁶ Kinashi, H.⁷

19
- 0037462108
- B. J. Beck, C. C. Aldrich, R. A. Fecik, K. A. Reynolds, D. H. Sherman, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 4682.
- (2003) J. Am. Chem. Soc , vol.125 , pp. 4682
- Beck, B.J.¹ Aldrich, C.C.² Fecik, R.A.³ Reynolds, K.A.⁴ Sherman, D.H.⁵

20
- 77049145561
- K. Maeda, J. Antibiot. 1953, 4, 137.
- (1953) J. Antibiot , vol.4 , pp. 137
- Maeda, K.¹

21
- 0029621182
- Y. Ishibashi, S. Ohaba, S. Nishiyama, S. Yamamura, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 1995, 68, 3643..
- (1995) Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn , vol.68 , pp. 3643
- Ishibashi, Y.¹ Ohaba, S.² Nishiyama, S.³ Yamamura, S.⁴

22
- 0036015840
- B. J. Beck, Y. J. Yoon, K. A. Reynolds, D. H. Sherman, Chem. Biol. 2002, 9, 575.
- (2002) Chem. Biol , vol.9 , pp. 575
- Beck, B.J.¹ Yoon, Y.J.² Reynolds, K.A.³ Sherman, D.H.⁴

23
- 0035989968
- I. Thomas, C. J. Martin, C. J. Wilkinson, J. Staunton, P. F. Leadlay, Chem. Biol. 2002, 9, 781.
- (2002) Chem. Biol , vol.9 , pp. 781
- Thomas, I.¹ Martin, C.J.² Wilkinson, C.J.³ Staunton, J.⁴ Leadlay, P.F.⁵

24
- 35348997917
- M. Müller, B. Kusebauch, G. Liang, C. M. Beaudry, D. Trauner, C. Hertweck, Angew. Chem. 2006, 118, 7999;
- (2006) Angew. Chem , vol.118 , pp. 7999
- Müller, M.¹ Kusebauch, B.² Liang, G.³ Beaudry, C.M.⁴ Trauner, D.⁵ Hertweck, C.⁶

25
- 33845342908
- Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, 45, 7835.
- (2006) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed , vol.45 , pp. 7835

26
- 0001009352
- K. Kakinuma, C. A. Hanson, K. L. Rinehart, Tetrahedron 1976, 32, 217.
- (1976) Tetrahedron , vol.32 , pp. 217
- Kakinuma, K.¹ Hanson, C.A.² Rinehart, K.L.³

27
- 21244442522
- M. Ziehl, J. He, H.-M. Dahse, C. Hertweck, Angew. Chem. 2005, 117, 1226;
- (2005) Angew. Chem , vol.117 , pp. 1226
- Ziehl, M.¹ He, J.² Dahse, H.-M.³ Hertweck, C.⁴

28
- 15444365489
- Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2005, 44, 1202.
- (2005) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed , vol.44 , pp. 1202

29
- 1642388928
- J. He, C. Hertweck, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 3694.
- (2004) J. Am. Chem. Soc , vol.126 , pp. 3694
- He, J.¹ Hertweck, C.²

30
- 30444457338
- R. Winkler, C. Hertweck, Angew. Chem. 2005, 117, 4152;
- (2005) Angew. Chem , vol.117 , pp. 4152
- Winkler, R.¹ Hertweck, C.²

31
- 21244477551
- Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2005, 44, 4083.
- (2005) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed , vol.44 , pp. 4083

32
- 34547532840
- R. Winkler, M. Richter, U. Knüpfer, D. Merten, C. Hertweck, Angew. Chem. 2006, 118, 8184;
- (2006) Angew. Chem , vol.118 , pp. 8184
- Winkler, R.¹ Richter, M.² Knüpfer, U.³ Merten, D.⁴ Hertweck, C.⁵

33
- 33845496066
- Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, 45, 8016.
- (2006) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed , vol.45 , pp. 8016

34
- 34547515662
- R. Winkler, C. Hertweck, ChemBioChem 2007, 8, 973.
- (2007) ChemBioChem , vol.8 , pp. 973
- Winkler, R.¹ Hertweck, C.²

35
- 1642401951
- M. Sosio, H. Kloosterman, A. Bianchi, P. de Vreugd, L. Dijkhuizen, S. Donadio, Microbiology 2004, 150, 95.
- (2004) Microbiology , vol.150 , pp. 95
- Sosio, M.¹ Kloosterman, H.² Bianchi, A.³ de Vreugd, P.⁴ Dijkhuizen, L.⁵ Donadio, S.⁶

36
- 0030029183
- A. M. C. R. Alves, W. G. Meijer, J. W. Vrijbloed, L. Dijkhuizen, J. Bacteriol. 1996, 178, 149.
- (1996) J. Bacteriol , vol.178 , pp. 149
- Alves, A.M.C.R.¹ Meijer, W.G.² Vrijbloed, J.W.³ Dijkhuizen, L.⁴

37
- 0030763125
- X. Ruan, A. Pereda, D. L. Stassi, D. Zeidner, R. G. Summers, M. Jackson, A. Shivakumar, S. Kakavas, M. J. Staver, S. Donadio, L. Katz, J. Bacteriol. 1997, 179, 6416.
- (1997) J. Bacteriol , vol.179 , pp. 6416
- Ruan, X.¹ Pereda, A.² Stassi, D.L.³ Zeidner, D.⁴ Summers, R.G.⁵ Jackson, M.⁶ Shivakumar, A.⁷ Kakavas, S.⁸ Staver, M.J.⁹ Donadio, S.¹⁰ Katz, L.¹¹

38
- 0031967839
- D. V. Mavrodi, V. N. Ksenzenko, R. F. Bonsall, R. J. Cook, A. M. Boronin, L. S. Thomashow, J. Bacteriol. 1998, 180, 2541.
- (1998) J. Bacteriol , vol.180 , pp. 2541
- Mavrodi, D.V.¹ Ksenzenko, V.N.² Bonsall, R.F.³ Cook, R.J.⁴ Boronin, A.M.⁵ Thomashow, L.S.⁶

39
- 11244259032
- J. He, M. Müller, C. Hertweck, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 16742.
- (2004) J. Am. Chem. Soc , vol.126 , pp. 16742
- He, J.¹ Müller, M.² Hertweck, C.³

40
- 30444456262
- M. Müller, J. He, C. Hertweck, ChemBioChem 2006, 7, 37.
- (2006) ChemBioChem , vol.7 , pp. 37
- Müller, M.¹ He, J.² Hertweck, C.³

41
- 0028841535
- S. F. Haydock, J. F. Aparicio, I. Molnar, T. Schwecke, L. E. Khaw, A. König, A. F. A. Marsden, I. S. Galloway, J. Staunton, P. F. Leadlay, FEBS Lett. 1995, 374, 246.
- (1995) FEBS Lett , vol.374 , pp. 246
- Haydock, S.F.¹ Aparicio, J.F.² Molnar, I.³ Schwecke, T.⁴ Khaw, L.E.⁵ König, A.⁶ Marsden, A.F.A.⁷ Galloway, I.S.⁸ Staunton, J.⁹ Leadlay, P.F.¹⁰

42
- 0029872079
- J. F. Aparicio, I. Molnar, T. Schwecke, A. König, S. F. Haydcock, L. E. Khaw, J. Staunton, P. F. Leadlay, Gene 1996, 169, 9.
- (1996) Gene , vol.169 , pp. 9
- Aparicio, J.F.¹ Molnar, I.² Schwecke, T.³ König, A.⁴ Haydcock, S.F.⁵ Khaw, L.E.⁶ Staunton, J.⁷ Leadlay, P.F.⁸

43
- 0037466331
- G. Yadav, R. S. Gokhale, D. Mohanty, J. Mol. Biol. 2003, 328, 335.
- (2003) J. Mol. Biol , vol.328 , pp. 335
- Yadav, G.¹ Gokhale, R.S.² Mohanty, D.³

44
- 0141706445
- F. Del Vecchio, H. Petkovic, S. G. Kendrew, L. Low, B. Wilkinson, R. Lill, J. Cortés, B. A. Rudd, J. Staunton, P. F. Leadlay, J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2003, 30, 489.
- (2003) J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol , vol.30 , pp. 489
- Del Vecchio, F.¹ Petkovic, H.² Kendrew, S.G.³ Low, L.⁴ Wilkinson, B.⁵ Lill, R.⁶ Cortés, J.⁷ Rudd, B.A.⁸ Staunton, J.⁹ Leadlay, P.F.¹⁰

45
- 0035834039
- S. Omura, H. Ikeda, J. Ishikawa, A. Hanamoto, C. Takahashi, M. Shinose, Y. Takahashi, H. Horikawa, H. Nakazawa, T. Osonoe, H. Kikuchi, T. Shiba, Y. Sakaki, M. Hattori, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 2001, 98, 12215.
- (2001) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.98 , pp. 12215
- Omura, S.¹ Ikeda, H.² Ishikawa, J.³ Hanamoto, A.⁴ Takahashi, C.⁵ Shinose, M.⁶ Takahashi, Y.⁷ Horikawa, H.⁸ Nakazawa, H.⁹ Osonoe, T.¹⁰ Kikuchi, H.¹¹ Shiba, T.¹² Sakaki, Y.¹³ Hattori, M.¹⁴

46
- 33750428183
- H. Jenke-Kodama, T. Borner, E. Dittmann, PLoS Comput. Biol. 2006, 2, e132.
- (2006) PLoS Comput. Biol , vol.2
- Jenke-Kodama, H.¹ Borner, T.² Dittmann, E.³

47
- 0034047123
- T. Brautaset, O. N. Sekurova, H. Sletta, T. E. Ellingsen, A. R. Strom, S. Valla, S. B. Zotchev, Chem. Biol. 2000, 7, 395.
- (2000) Chem. Biol , vol.7 , pp. 395
- Brautaset, T.¹ Sekurova, O.N.² Sletta, H.³ Ellingsen, T.E.⁴ Strom, A.R.⁵ Valla, S.⁶ Zotchev, S.B.⁷

48
- 0034930476
- P. Caffrey, S. Lynch, E. Flood, S. Finnan, M. Oliynyk, Chem. Biol. 2001, 8, 713.
- (2001) Chem. Biol , vol.8 , pp. 713
- Caffrey, P.¹ Lynch, S.² Flood, E.³ Finnan, S.⁴ Oliynyk, M.⁵

49
- 0033763409
- J. F. Aparicio, R. Fouces, M. V. Mendes, N. Olivera, J. F. Martin, Chem. Biol. 2000, 7, 895.
- (2000) Chem. Biol , vol.7 , pp. 895
- Aparicio, J.F.¹ Fouces, R.² Mendes, M.V.³ Olivera, N.⁴ Martin, J.F.⁵

50
- 0036148337
- A. Belén Campelo, J. A. Gil, Microbiology 2002, 148, 51.
- (2002) Microbiology , vol.148 , pp. 51
- Belén Campelo, A.¹ Gil, J.A.²

51
- 0037688329
- J. F. Aparicio, P. Caffrey, J. A. Gil, S. B. Zotchev, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2003, 61, 179.
- (2003) Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol , vol.61 , pp. 179
- Aparicio, J.F.¹ Caffrey, P.² Gil, J.A.³ Zotchev, S.B.⁴

52
- 0028342845
- A. L. Hughes, Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. B 1994, 256, 119.
- (1994) Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. B , vol.256 , pp. 119
- Hughes, A.L.¹

53
- 0034634395
- M. Lynch, J. S. Conery, Science 2000, 290, 1151.
- (2000) Science , vol.290 , pp. 1151
- Lynch, M.¹ Conery, J.S.²

54
- 0031664853
- Y. Zhang, F. Buchholz, J. P. Muyrers, A. F. Stewart, Nat. Genet. 1998, 20, 123.
- (1998) Nat. Genet , vol.20 , pp. 123
- Zhang, Y.¹ Buchholz, F.² Muyrers, J.P.³ Stewart, A.F.⁴

55
- 0034612342
- K. A. Datsenko, B. L. Wanner, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 2000, 97, 6640.
- (2000) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.97 , pp. 6640
- Datsenko, K.A.¹ Wanner, B.L.²

56
- 0034603783
- K. C. Murphy, K. G. Campellone, A. R. Poteete, Gene 2000, 246, 321.
- (2000) Gene , vol.246 , pp. 321
- Murphy, K.C.¹ Campellone, K.G.² Poteete, A.R.³

57
- 1542315179
- K. Jakobi, C. Hertweck, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 2298.
- (2004) J. Am. Chem. Soc , vol.126 , pp. 2298
- Jakobi, K.¹ Hertweck, C.²

58
- 0041412707
- R. W. Broadhurst, D. Nietlispach, M. P. Wheatcroft, P. F. Leadlay, K. J. Weissman, Chem. Biol. 2003, 10, 723.
- (2003) Chem. Biol , vol.10 , pp. 723
- Broadhurst, R.W.¹ Nietlispach, D.² Wheatcroft, M.P.³ Leadlay, P.F.⁴ Weissman, K.J.⁵

59
- 33644931877
- K. J. Weissman, ChemBioChem 2006, 7, 485.
- (2006) ChemBioChem , vol.7 , pp. 485
- Weissman, K.J.¹

60
- 0030065324
- J. Staunton, P. Caffrey, J. F. Aparicio, G. A. Roberts, S. S. Bethell, P. F. Leadlay, Nat. Struct. Biol. 1996, 3, 188.
- (1996) Nat. Struct. Biol , vol.3 , pp. 188
- Staunton, J.¹ Caffrey, P.² Aparicio, J.F.³ Roberts, G.A.⁴ Bethell, S.S.⁵ Leadlay, P.F.⁶

61
- 33746776204
- Y. Tang, C.-Y. Kim, I. I. Mathews, D. E. Cane, C. Khosla, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sei. USA 2006, 103, 11124.
- (2006) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sei. USA , vol.103 , pp. 11124
- Tang, Y.¹ Kim, C.-Y.² Mathews, I.I.³ Cane, D.E.⁴ Khosla, C.⁵

62
- 0024296696
- X. Zhou, Z. Deng, J. L. Firmin, D. A. Hopwood, T. Kieser, Nucl. Acids Res. 1988, 16, 4341.
- (1988) Nucl. Acids Res , vol.16 , pp. 4341
- Zhou, X.¹ Deng, Z.² Firmin, J.L.³ Hopwood, D.A.⁴ Kieser, T.⁵

63
- 0003869903
- The John lnnes Foundation, Norwich
- T. Kieser, M. J. Bibb, M. J. Buttner, K. F. Chater, D. A. Hopwood, Practical Streptomyces Genetics, The John lnnes Foundation, Norwich, 2000.
- (2000) Practical Streptomyces Genetics
- Kieser, T.¹ Bibb, M.J.² Buttner, M.J.³ Chater, K.F.⁴ Hopwood, D.A.⁵

64
- 0004136246
- 2nd ed, Cold Spring Harbor Press, New York
- J. Sambrook, E. F. Fritsch, T. Maniatis, Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2nd ed., Cold Spring Harbor Press, New York, 1989.
- (1989) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual
- Sambrook, J.¹ Fritsch, E.F.² Maniatis, T.³

65
- 0026645203
- M. Bierman, R. Logan, K. O'Brien, E. T. Seno, R. N. Rao, B. E. Schoner, Gene 1992, 116, 43.
- (1992) Gene , vol.116 , pp. 43
- Bierman, M.¹ Logan, R.² O'Brien, K.³ Seno, E.T.⁴ Rao, R.N.⁵ Schoner, B.E.⁶

66
- 33751013733
- K. Ishida, K. Maksimenka, K. Fritzsche, K. Scherlach, G. Bringmann, C. Hertweck, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 14619.
- (2006) J. Am. Chem. Soc , vol.128 , pp. 14619
- Ishida, K.¹ Maksimenka, K.² Fritzsche, K.³ Scherlach, K.⁴ Bringmann, G.⁵ Hertweck, C.⁶

67
- 34248586053
- Z. Xu, A. Magyar, C. Hertweck, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 6022.
- (2007) J. Am. Chem. Soc , vol.129 , pp. 6022
- Xu, Z.¹ Magyar, A.² Hertweck, C.³

* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.