Controlling mutation: Intervening in evolution as a therapeutic strategy

Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Volumn 42, Issue 5, 2007, Pages 341-354

  Cirz, Ryan T ^a   Romesberg, Floyd E ^a  

^a SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

Antibiotic resistance; Induced mutation; SOS response

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; BETA LACTAM ANTIBIOTIC; CEFTAZIDIME; CEFTRIAXONE; CIPROFLOXACIN; CLOXACILLIN; DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; DNA POLYMERASE; DNA POLYMERASE IV; DNA POLYMERASE V; DOUBLE STRANDED DNA; LEXA PROTEIN; NORFLOXACIN; QUINOLINE DERIVED ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; RIFAMYCIN; SULFAMETHOXAZOLE; TEICOPLANIN; TRIMETHOPRIM; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VANCOMYCIN;

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; BACTERIAL MUTATION; BACTERIUM; DNA DAMAGE; DNA REPAIR; DNA REPLICATION; ESCHERICHIA COLI; GENE MUTATION; INDUCED MUTATION; INTERVENING VARIABLE; LACTOSE OPERON; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; MUTAGENESIS; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN SYNTHESIS; RADIATION EXPOSURE; REVIEW; STRESS; ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION;

ANIMALS; BACTERIAL PROTEINS; DRUG RESISTANCE, BACTERIAL; ESCHERICHIA COLI; EVOLUTION, MOLECULAR; HUMANS; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; MUTAGENESIS; MUTATION;

EID: 35148883884     PISSN: 10409238     EISSN: 15497798     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10409230701597741     Document Type: Review

References (122)

1. Au, N., Kuester-Schoeck, E., Mandava, V., Bothwell, L.E., Canny, S.P., Chachu, K., Colavito, S.A., Fuller, S.N., Groban, E.S., Hensley, L.A. et al. 2005. Genetic composition of the Bacillus subtilis SOS system. J Bacteriol 187:7655-7666.
2. Bischoff, M., and Berger-Bachi, B. 2001. Teicoplanin stress-selected mutations increasing sigma(B) activity in Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 45:1714-1720.
3. Bischoff, M., Roos, M., Putnik, J., Wada, A., Glanzmann, P., Giachino, P., Vaudaux, P., and Berger-Bachi, B. 2001. Involvement of multiple genetic loci in Staphylococcus aureus teicoplanin resistance. FEMS Microbiol Lett 194:77-82.
4. Bjedov, I., Tenaillon, O., Gerard, B., Souza, V., Denamur, E., Radman, M., Taddei, F., and Matic, I. 2003. Stress-induced mutagenesis in bacteria. Science 300:1404-1409.
5. Blázquez, J. 2003. Hypermutation as a factor contributing to the acquisition of antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrob Resistance 37:1201-1209.
6. Blazquez, J., Gomez-Gomez, J.M., Oliver, A., Juan, C., Kapur, V., and Martin, S. 2006. PBP3 inhibition elicits adaptive responses in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Mol Microbiol. 62:84-99.
7. Boshoff, H.I., Reed, M.B., III, C.E.B., and Mizrahi, V. 2003. DnaE2 polymerase contributes to in vivo survival and the emergence of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Cell 113:183-193.
8. Boudsocq, F., Kokoska, R.J., Plosky, B.S., Vaisman, A., Ling, H., Kunkel, T.A., Yang, W., and Woodgate, R. 2004. Investigating the role of the little finger domain of Y-family DNA polymerases in low fidelity synthesis and translesion replication. J Biol Chem 279:32932-32940.
9. Bridges, B.A. and Woodgate, R. 1985. The two-step model of bacterial UV mutagenesis. Mutat Res 150:133-139.
10. Brotcorne-Lannoye, A. and Maenhaut-Michel, G. 1986. Role of RecA protein in untargeted UV mutagenesis of bacteriophage λ: evidence for the requirement for the dinB gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83:3904-3908.
11. Brotcorne-Lannoye, A. and Maenhaut-Michel, G. 1986. Role of RecA protein in untargeted UV mutagenesis of bacteriophage lambda: evidence for the requirement for the dinB gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83:3904-3908.
12. Bull, H.J., Lombardo, M.J., and Rosenberg, S.M. 2001. Stationary-phase mutation in the bacterial chromosome: recombination protein and DNA polymerase IV dependence. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98:8334-8341.
13. Caillet-Fauquet, P., Defais, M., and Radman, M. 1977. Molecular mechanisms of induced mutagenesis. Replication in vivo of bacteriophage phiX174 single-stranded, ultraviolet light-irradiated DNA in intact and irradiated host cells. J Mol Biol 177:95-110.
14. Cairns, J. and Foster, P.L. 1991. Adaptive reversion of a frameshift mutation in Escherichia coli. Genetics 128:695-701.
15. Caporale, L.H. 2003. Natural selection and the emergence of a mutation phenotype: an update of the evolutionary synthesis considering mechanisms that affect genome variation. Annu Rev Microbiol 57:467-485.
16. Cardona, P.-J. and Ruiz-Manzano, J. 2004. On the nature of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-latent bacilli. Eur Respir J 24:1044-1051.
17. Cirz, R.T., Chin, J.K., Andes, D.R., Crecy-Lagard, V.D., Craig, W.A., and Romesberg, F.E. 2005. Inhibition of mutation and combating the evolution of antibiotic resistance. PLoS Biol 3:e176.
18. Cirz, R.T., Jones, M.B., Gingles, N.A., Minogue, T.D., Jarrahi, B., Peterson, S.N., and Romesberg, F.E. 2007. The complete and SOS-mediated response of Staphylococcus aureus to the antibiotic ciprofloxacin. J Bacteriol 189:531-539.
19. Cirz, R.T., O'Neill, B.M., Hammond, J.A., Head, S.R., and Romesberg, F.E. 2006. Defining the Pseudomonas aeruginosa SOS response and its role in the global response to the antibiotic ciprofloxacin. J Bacteriol 188:7101-7110.
20. Cirz, R.T. and Romesberg, F.E. 2006. Induction and inhibition of ciprofloxacin resistance-conferring mutations in hypermutator bacteria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 50:220-225.
21. Colloquium. 2001. Links between recombination and replication: vital roles of recombination, Irvine, CA: National Academy of Sciences.
22. Courcelle, J., Khodursky, A., Peter, B., Brown, P.O., and Hanawalt, P.C. 2001. Comparative gene expression profiles following UV exposure in wild-type and SOS-deficient Escherichia coli. Genetics 158:41-64.
23. Cox, M.M. 2007. Regulation of bacterial RecA protein function. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 42:41-63.
24. Defais, M., Fauquet, P., Radman, M., and Errera, M. 1971. Ultraviolet reactivation and ultraviolet mutagenesis of lambda in different genetic systems. Virology 43:495-503.
25. Drlica, K. and Zhao, X. 1997. DNA Gyrase, topoisomerase IV, and the 4-quinolones. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 61:377-392.
26. Earl, D.J. and Deem, M.W. 2004. Evolvability is a selectable trait. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:11531-11536.
27. Erill, I., Campoy, S., Mazon, G., and Barbe, J. 2006. Dispersal and regulation of an adaptive mutagenesis cassette in the bacteria domain. Nucleic Acids Res 34:66-77.
28. Erill, I., Escribano, M., Campoy, S., and Barbe, J. 2003. In silico analysis reveals substantial variability in the gene contents of the gamma proteobacteria LexA-regulon. Bioinformatics 19:2225-2236.
29. Fijalkowska, I.J. and Schaaper, R.M. 1996. Mutants in the Exo I motif of Escherichia coli dnaQ: Defective proofreading and inviability due to error catastrophe. Genetics 93:2856-2861.
30. Finch, R., Greenwood, D. and Norrby, S.R., eds., Antibiotic and chemotherapy: anti-infective agents and their use in therapy. London: Churchill Livingstone, 2003.
31. Finkel, S.E., Zinser, E., and Kolter, R. 2000. Long-term survival and evolution in stationary phase, In: Bacterial stress responses, Storz, G. and Hengge-Aronis, R., eds., Washingron, DC: ASM Press.
32. Foster, P.L. 2004. Rebuttal: growth under selection stimulates Lac(+) reversion (Roth and Andersson). J Bacteriol 186:4855-4860.
33. Foster, P.L. and Rosche, W.A. 1999. Mechanisms of mutation in nondividing cells: Insights from the study of adaptive mutation in Escherichia coli. Ann NY Acad Sci 870:133-145.
34. Friedberg, E.C., Wagner, R., and Radman, M. 2002. Specialized DNA polymerases, cellular survival, and the genesis of mutations. Science 296:1627-1630.
35. Friedberg, E.C., Walker, G.C., Siede, W., Wood, R.D., Schultz, R.A., and Ellenberger, T. 2005. DNA repair and mutagenesis Washington, DC: ASM Press.
36. Fung-Tomc, J., Kolek, B., and Bonner, D.P. 1993. Ciprofloxacin-induced, low-level resistance to structurally unrelated antibiotics in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and methicilllin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 37:1289-1296.
37. Galhardo, R.S., Rocha, R.P., Marques, M.V., and Menck, C.F.M. 2005. An SOS-regulated operon involved in damage-inducible mutagenesis in Caulobacter crescentus. Nucleic Acids Res 33:2603-2614.
38. Gillespie, S.H., Basu, S., Dickens, A.L., O'Sullivan, D.M., and McHugh, T.D. 2005. Effect of subinhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin on Mycobacterium fortuitum mutation rates. J Antimicrob Chemother 56:344-348.
39. Gleckman, R., Alvarez, S., and Joubert, D.W. 1979. Drug therapy reviews: trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Am J Hosp Pharm 36:893-906.
40. Glocker, E., Stueger, H.P., and Kist, M. 2007. Quinolone resistance in Helicobacter pylori isolates in Germany. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 51:346-349.
41. Gocke, E. 1991. Mechanism of quinolone mutagenicity in bacteria. Mutat Res 248:135-143.
42. Goerke, C., Koller, J., and Wolz, C. 2006. Ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim cause phage induction and virulence modulation in Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 50:171-177.
43. Goodman, M.F. 2002. Error-prone repair DNA polymerases in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Annu Rev Biochem 71:17-50.
44. Goranov, A.I., Kuester-Schoeck, E., Wang, J.D., and Grossman, A.D. 2006. Characterization of the global transcriptional responses to different types of DNA damage and disruption of replication in Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol 188:5595-5605.
45. Hall, L.M.C. and Henderson-Begg, S.K. 2006. Hypermutable bacteria isolated from humans - a critical analysis. Microbiology 152:2505-2514.
46. Harris, R.S., Feng, G., Ross, K.J., Sidhu, R., Thulin, C., Longerich, S., Szigety, S.K., Winkler, M.E., and Rosenberg, S.M. 1997. Mismatch repair protein MutL becomes limiting during stationary-phase mutation. Genes Dev 11:2426-2437.
47. Hastings, P.J., Slack, A., Petrosino, J.F., and Rosenberg, S.M. 2004. Adaptive amplification and point mutation are independent mechanisms: evidence for various stress-inducible mutation mechanisms. PLoS Biol 2:e399.
48. He, A.S., Rohatgi, P.R., Hersh, M.N., and Rosenberg, S.M. 2006. Roles of E. coli double-strand-break-repair proteins in stress-induced mutation. DNA Repair 5:258-273.
49. Henderson-Begg, S.K., Livermore, D.M., and Hall, L.M.C. 2006. Effect of subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics on mutation frequency in Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Antimicrob Chemother 57:849-854.
50. Hendrickson, H., Slechta, E.S., Bergthorsson, U., Andersson, D.I., and Roth, J.R. 2002. Amplification-mutagenesis: Evidence that "directed" adaptive mutation and general hypermutability result from growth with selected gene amplification. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:2164-2169.
51. Hersh, M.N., Ponder, R.G., Hastings, P.J., and Rosenberg, S.M. 2004. Adaptive mutation and amplification in Escherichia coli: two pathways of genome adaptation under stress. Res Microbiol 155:352-359.
52. Humayun, M.Z. 1998. SOS and mayday: Multiple inducible mutagenic pathways in Escherichia coli. Mol Microbiol 30:905-910.
53. Imlay, J.A. and Linn, S. 1987. Mutagenesis and stress responses induced in Escherichia coli by hydrogen peroxide. J Bacteriol 169:2967-2976.
54. Indiani, C., McInerney, P., Georgescu, R., Goodman, M.F., and O'Donnell, M. 2005. A sliding-clamp toolbelt binds high- and low-fidelity DNA polymerases simultaneously. Mol Cell 19:805-815.
55. Khodursky, A.B. and Cozzarelli, N.R. 1998. The mechanism of inhibition of topoisomerase IV by quinolone antibacterials. J Biol Chem 273:27668-27677.
56. Kim, S.-R., Maenhaut-Michel, G., Yamada, M., Yamamoto, Y., Matsui, K., Sofuni, T., Nohmi, T., and Ohmori, H. 1997. Multiple pathways for SOS-induced mutagenesis in Escherichia coli: An overexpression of dinB/dinP results in strongly enhancing mutagenesis in the absence of any exogenous treatment to damage DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:13792-13797.
57. Kokjohn, T.A. and Miller, R.V. 1994. IncN plasmids mediate UV resistance and error-prone repair in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO. Microbiology 140:43-48.
58. Lee, A.M. and Singleton, S.F. 2005. A molecular target for suppression of the evolution of antibiotic resistance: inhibition of the Escherichia coli RecA protein by N6-(1-Naphthyl)-ADP. J Med Chem 48:5408-5411.
59. Lewin, C.S. and Amyes, S.G. 1991. The role of the SOS response in bacteria exposed to zidovudine or trimethoprim. J Med Microbiol 34:329-332.
60. Li, Z., Zhang, H., McManus, T.P., McCormick, J.J., Lawrence, C.W., and Maher, V.M. 2002. hREV3 is essential for error-prone translesion synthesis past UV or benzo[a]pyrene diol expoxide-induced DNA lesions in human fibroblasts. Mutation Res 510:71-80.
61. Lindgren, P.K., Karlsson, Å., and Hughes, D. 2003. Mutation rate and evolution of fluoroquinolone resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from patients with urinary tract infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 47:3222-3232.
62. Ling, H., Boudsocq, F., Woodgate, R., and Yang, W. 2004. Snapshots of replication through an abasic lesion: structural basis for base substitutions and frameshifts. Mol Cell 13:751-762.
63. Lombardo, M.-J., Torkelson, J., Bull, H.J., McKenzie, G.J., and Rosenberg, S.M. 1999. Mechanisms of genome-wide hypermutation in stationary phase. Ann NY Acad Sci 870:275-289.
64. Lopez de Saro, F.J., Georgescu, R.E., Goodman, M.F., and O'Donnell, M. 2003. Competitive processivity-clamp usage by DNA polymerases during DNA replication and repair. EMBO J 23:6408-6418.
65. Maiques, E., Úbeda, C., Campoy, S., Salvador, N., Lasa, Í., Novick, R.P., Barbé, J., and Penadés, J.R. 2006. β-Lactam antibiotics induce the SOS response and horizontal transfer of virulence factors in Staphylococcus aureus. J Bacteriol 188:2726-2729.
66. Mamber, S.W., Kolek, B., Brookshire, K.W., Bonner, D.P., and Fung-Tomc, J. 1993. Activity of quinolones in the Ames Salmonella-TA102 mutageneicity test and other bacterial genotoxicity assays. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 37:213-217.
67. Maor-Shoshani, A., Reuven, N.B., Tomer, G., and Livneh, Z. 2000. Highly mutagenic replication by DNA polymerase V (UmuC) provides a mechanistic basis for SOS untargted mutagenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:565-570.
68. Mayr, E. 1985. Natural Selection. Naturwissenschaften 72:231-236.
69. McKenzie, G.J., Harris, R.S., Lee, P.L., and Rosenberg, S.M. 2000. The SOS response regulates adaptive mutation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:6646-6651.
70. McKenzie, G.J., Lee, P.L., Lombardo, M.J., Hastings, P.J., and Rosenberg, S.M. 2001. SOS mutator DNA polymerase IV functions in adaptive mutation and not adaptive amplification. Mol Cell 7:571-579.
71. Miller, C., Thomsen, L.E., Gaggero, C., Mosseri, R., Ingmer, H., and Cohen, S.N. 2004. SOS response induction by β-lactams and bacterial defense against antibiotic lethality. Science 305:1629-1631.
72. Modrich, P. 1989. Methyl-directed DNA mismatch correction. J Biol Chem 264:6597-6600.
73. Morrison, A., and Cozzarelli, N.R. 1981. Contacts between DNA gyrase and its binding site on DNA: features of symmetry and asymmetry revealed by protection from nucleases. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78:1416-1420.
74. Napolitano, R., Janel-Bintz, R., Wagner, J., and Fuchs, R.P.P. 2000. All three SOS-inducible DNA polymerases (Pol II, Pol IV and Pol V) are involved in induced mutagenesis. EMBO J 19:6259-6265.
75. Oliver, A., Canton, R., Campo, P., Baquero, F., and Blazquez, J. 2000. High frequency of hypermutable Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis lung infection. Science 288:1251-1253.
76. Perez-Capilla, T., Baquero, M.-R., Gomez-Gomez, J.-M., Ionel, A., Martin, S., and Blazquez, J. 2005. SOS-Independent induction of dinB transcription by beta-lactam-mediated inhibition of cell wall synthesis in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 187:1515-1518.
77. Phillips, I., Culebras, E., Moreno, F., and Baquero, F. 1987. Induction of the SOS response by new 4-quinolones. J Antimicrob Chemother 20:631-638.
78. Ponder, R.G., Fonville, N.C., and Rosenberg, S.M. 2005. A switch from high-fidelity to error-prone DNA double-strand break repair underlies stress-induced mutation. Mol Cell 19:791-804.
79. Power, E.G. and Phillips, I. 1992. Induction of the SOS gene (umuC) by 4-quinolone antibacterial drugs. J Med Microbiol 36:78-82.
80. Power, E.G. and Phillips, I. 1993. Correlation between umuC induction and Salmonella mutagenicity assay for quinolone antimicrobial agents. FEMS Microbiol Lett 112:251-254.
81. Prakash, S. and Prakash, L. 2002. Translesion DNA synthesis in eukaryotes: a one- or two-polymerase affair. Genes Dev 16:1872-1883.
82. Radman, M. Phenomenology of an inducible mutagenic DNA repair pathway in Escherichia coli: SOS repair hypothesis, In: L. Prakash, F. S., M. Miller, C. Lawrence, and H. W. Tabor, eds., Molecular and environmental aspects of Mutagenesis, Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas, 1974, 128-142.
83. Radman, M., Matic, I., and Taddei, F. 1999. Evolution of evolvability. Ann NY Acad Sci 870:146-155.
84. Rahman, M.S. and Humayun, M.Z. 1999. SOS and UVM pathways have lesion-specific additive and competing effects on mutation fixation at replication-blocking DNA lesions. J Bacteriol 181:1515-1523.
85. Riesenfeld, C., Everett, M., Piddock, L.J.V., and Hall, B.G. 1997. Adaptive mutations produce resistance to ciprofloxacin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 41:2059-2060.
86. Rosenberg, S.M. and Hastings, P.J. 2004. Rebuttal: growth under selection stimulates Lac(+) reversion (Roth and Andersson). J Bacteriol 186:4862-4863.
87. Roth, J.R., Kofoid, E., Roth, F.P., Berg, O.G., Seger, J., and Andersson, D.I. 2003. Adaptive mutation requires no mutagenesis - only growth under selection: A response. Genetics 165:2319-2321.
88. Roth, J.R., Kofoid, E., Roth, F.P., Berg, O.G., Seger, J., and Andersson, D.I. 2003. Regulating general mutation rates: Examination of the hypermutable state model for Cairnsian adaptive mutation. Genetics 163:1483-1496.
89. Ryan, F.J. 1955. Spontaneous mutation in non-dividing bacteria. Genetics 40:726-738.
90. Sanders, L.H., Rockel, A., Lu, H., Wozniak, D.J., and Sutton, M.D. 2006. Role of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa dinB-encoded DNA polymerase IV in mutagenesis. J Bacteriol 188: 8573-8585.
91. Schaaff, F., Reipert, A., and Bierbaum, G. 2002. An elevated mutation frequency favors development of vancomycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 46:3540-3548.
92. Schendel, P.F. and Defais, M. 1980. The role of the umuC gene product in mutagenesis by simple alkylating agents. Mol Gen Genet 177:661-665.
93. Schlacher, K., Cox, M.M., Woodgate, R., and Goodman, M.F. 2006. RecA acts in trans to allow replication of damaged DNA by DNA polymerase V. Nature 442:883-887.
94. Schmidt, K.H., Reimers, J.M., and Wright, B.E. 2006. The effect of promoter strength, supercoiling and secondary structure on mutation rates in Escherichia coli. Mol Microbiol 60:1251-1261.
95. Schnappinger, D., Ehrt, S., Voskuil, M.I., Liu, Y., Mangan, J.A., Monahan, I.M., Dolganov, G., Efron, B., Butcher, P.D., Nathan, C. et al. 2003. Transcriptional adaptation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis within macrophages: Insights into the phagosomal environment. J Exp Med 198:693-704.
96. Shi, L., Sohaskey, C.D., Kana, B.D., Dawes, S., North, R.J., Mizrahi, V., and Gennaro, M.L. 2005. Changes in energy metabolism of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mouse lung and under in vitro conditions affecting aerobic respiration. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:15629-15634.
97. Slack, A., Thornton, P.C., Magner, D.B., Rosenberg, S.M., and Hastings, P.J. 2006. On the mechanism of gene amplification induced under stress in Escherichia coli. PLoS Genet 2:e48.
98. Slechta, E.S., Bunny, K.L., Kugelberg, E., Kofoid, E., Andersson, D.I., and Roth, J.R. 2003. Adaptive mutation: General mutagenesis is not a programmed response to stress but results from rare coamplification of dinB with lac. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:12847-12852.
99. Steele, E.J., Ed., Somatic hypermutation in V-regions, Boca Raton: CRC Press. 1991.
100. Strauss, B.S., Roberts, R., Francis, L., and Pouryazdanparast, P. 2000. Role of the dinB gene product in spontaneous mutation in Escherichia coli with an impaired replicative polymerase. J Bacteriol 182:6742-6750.
101. Stumpf, J.D., Poteete, A.R., and Foster, P.L. 2007. Amplification of lac cannot account for adaptive mutation to Lac+ in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 189:2291-2299.
102. Sung, H.-M. and Yasbin, R.E. 2002. Adaptive, or stationary-phase, mutagenesis, a component of bacterial differentiation in Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol 184:5641-5653.
103. Sung, H.-M., Yeamans, G., Ross, C.A., and Yasbin, R.E. 2003. Roles of YqjH and YqjW, homologs of the Escherichia coli UmuC/DinB or Y superfamily of DNA polymerases, in stationary-phase mutagenesis and UV-induced mutagenesis of Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol 185:2153-2160.
104. Taddei, F., Matic, I., and Radman, M. 1995. cAMP-dependent SOS induction and mutagenesis in resting bacterial populations. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:11736-11740.
105. 2C is an error-prone DNA polymerase, Escherichia coli pol V. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:8919-8924.
106. Tegova, R., Tover, A., Tarassova, K., Tark, M., and Kivisaar, M. 2004. Involvement of error-prone DNA polymerase IV in stationary-phase mutagenesis in Pseudomonas putida. J Bacteriol 186:2735-2744.
107. Tenover, F.C., Lancaster, M.V., Hill, B.C., Steward, C.D., Stocker, S.A., Hancock, G.A., O'Hara, C.M., McAlllister, S.K., Clark, N.C., and Hiramatsu, K. 1998. Characterization of staphylococci with reduced susceptibilities to vancomycin and other glycopeptides. J Clin Microbiol 36:1020-1027.
108. Thompson, J.K. and Hart, M.G. 1981. Novel patterns of ultraviolet mutagenesis and Weigle reactivation in Staphylococcus aureus and phage phi 11. J Gen Microbiol 124:147-157.
109. Tompkins, J.D., Nelson, J.L., Hazel, J.C., Leugers, S.L., Stumpf, J.D., and Foster, P.L. 2003. Error-Prone Polymerase, DNA Polymerase IV, Is Responsible for Transient Hypermutation during Adaptive Mutation in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 185:3469-3472.
110. Tsui, H.C., Feng, G., and Winkler, M.E. 1997. Negative regulation of mutS and mutH repair gene expression by the Hfq and RpoS global regulators of Escherichia coli K-12. J Bacteriol 179:7476-7487.
111. Wagner, J., Etienne, H., Janel-Bintz, and Fuchs, R.P.P. 2002. Genetics mutagenesis in E. coli: various combination of translesion polymerases (Pol II, IV, and V) deal with lesion/sequence context diversity. DNA Repair 1:159-167.
112. Wagner, J., Gruz, P., Kim, S.-R., Yamada, M., Matsui, K., Fuchs, R.P.P., and Nohmi, T. 1999. The dinB gene encodes a novel E. coli DNA polymerase, DNA PolIV, involved in mutagenesis. Mol Cell 4:281-286.
113. Walsh, T.R. and Howe, R.A. 2002. The prevalence and mechanisms of vancomycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Annu Rev Microbiol 56:657-675.
114. Watson, S.P., Antonio, M., and Foster, S.J. 1998. Isolation and characterization of Staphylococcus aureus starvation-induced, stationary-phase mutants defective in survival or recovery. Microbiology 144:3159-3169.
115. Weigle, J.J. 1953. Induction of mutations in a bacterial virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci 39:628-636.
116. Witkin, E.M. 1969. Ultraviolet-induced mutation and DNA repair. Annu Rev Microbiol 23:487-514.
117. Wood, R.D. and Hutchinson, F. 1984. Non-targeted mutagenesis of unirradiated lambda phage in Escherichia coli host cells irradiated with ultraviolet light. J Mol Biol 173:293-305.
118. Yamada, M., Nunoshiba, T., Shimizu, M., Gruz, P., Kamiya, H., Harashima, H., and Nohmi, T. 2006. Involvement of Y-family DNA polymerases in mutagenesis caused by oxidized nucleotides in Escherichia coli J Bacteriol 188:4992-4995.
119. Yamada, M., Nunoshiba, T., Shimizu, M., Gruz, P., Kamiya, H., Harashima, H., and Nohmi, T. 2006. Involvement of Y-famly DNA polymerases in mutagenesis caused by oxidized nucleotides in Escherichia coli J Bacteriol 188:4992-4995.
120. Yeiser, B., Pepper, E.D., Goodman, M.F., and Finkel, S.E. 2002. SOS-induced DNA polymerases enhance long-term survival and evolutionary fitness. Proc Natl Acad Sci 99:8737-8741.
121. Ysern, P., Clerch, B., Castano, M., Gilbert, I., Barbe, J., and Llagostera, M. 1990. Induction of SOS genes in Escherichia coli and mutagenesis in Salmonella typhimurium by fluoroquinolones. Mutagenesis 5:63-66.
122. Zambrano, M.M., Siegele, D.A., Almiron, M., Tormo, A., and Kolter, R. 1993. Microbial competition: Escherichia coli mutants that take over stationary phase cultures. Science 259:1757-1760.