The GTPase Rac regulates the proliferation and invasion of fibroblast-like synoviocytes from rheumatoid arthritis patients

Molecular Medicine

Volumn 13, Issue 5-6, 2007, Pages 297-304

  Chan, Amanda ^a   Akhtar, Mumtaz ^b   Brenner, Max ^a   Zheng, Yi ^c   Gulko, Percio S ^a,d,e   Symons, Marc ^a,d,f  

^a FEINSTEIN INSTITUTE FOR MEDICAL RESEARCH   (United States)

^b ST JOHN'S UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c CINCINNATI CHILDREN S HOSPITAL RESEARCH FOUNDATION   (United States)

^d NORTH SHORE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (United States)

^e NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^f ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTHRA[1,9 CD]PYRAZOL 6(2H) ONE; ENZYME INHIBITOR; GUANOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASE; NSC 23766; RAC PROTEIN; SMALL INTERFERING RNA; STRESS ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE; STRESS ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE INHIBITOR; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ARTICLE; CANCER CELL; CELL INVASION; CELL MIGRATION; CELL PROLIFERATION; CELL SURVIVAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; ENZYME ACTIVATION; ENZYME ACTIVITY; ENZYME INHIBITION; EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX; FIBROBLAST; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; MONOLAYER CULTURE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REGULATORY MECHANISM; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SYNOVIOCYTE; WOUND HEALING;

ACTINS; AMINOQUINOLINES; ARTHRITIS, RHEUMATOID; CELL MOVEMENT; CELL PROLIFERATION; ENZYME ACTIVATION; FIBROBLASTS; HUMANS; JNK MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES; PSEUDOPODIA; PYRIMIDINES; RAC GTP-BINDING PROTEINS; RNA, SMALL INTERFERING; SYNOVIAL FLUID;

EID: 34547478166     PISSN: 10761551     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2119/2007-00025.Chan     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Dayer JM, Krane SM, Russell RG, Robinson DR. (1976) Production of collagenase and prostaglandins by isolated adherent rheumatoid synovial cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 73:945-9.
2. Burmester GR et al. (1983) The tissue architecture of synovial membranes in inflammatory and non-inflammatory joint diseases. I. The localization of the major synovial cell populations as detected by monoclonal reagents directed toward la and monocyte-macrophage antigens. Rheumatol Int. 3:173-81.
3. Pap T, Muller-Ladner U, Gay RE, Gay S. (2000) Fibroblast biology. Role of synovial fibroblasts in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res. 2:361-7.
4. Ritchlin C. (2000) Fibroblast biology. Effector signals released by the synovial fibroblast in arthritis. Arthritis Res. 2:356-60.
5. Gulko PS, Seki H, Winchester R. (2000) The role of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. In: Rheumatoid Arthritis. Ed. Firestein GS, Panayi GS, Wollheim FA. Oxford University Press, p. 113-35.
6. Firestein GS and Zvaifler NJ. (2002) How important are T cells in chronic rheumatoid synovitis?: II. T cell-independent mechanisms from beginning to end. Arthritis Rheum. 46:298-308.
7. Firestein GS. (2003) Evolving concepts of rheumatoid arthritis. Nature. 423:356-61.
8. Firestein GS, Paine MM, Littman BH. (1991) Gene expression (collagenase, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases, complement, and HLA-DR) in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis synovium. Quantitative analysis and effect of intraarticular corticosteroids. Arthritis Rheum. 34:1094-1105.
9. Han, Z et al. (2001) c-Jun N-terminal kinase is required for metalloproteinase expression and joint destruction in inflammatory arthritis. J. Clin. Invest. 108:73-81.
10. Hou WS et al. (2002) Comparison of cathepsins K and S expression within the rheumatoid and osteoarthritic synovium. Arthritis Rheum. 46:663-74.
11. Muller-Ladner U et al. (1996) Synovial fibroblasts of patients with rheumatoid arthritis attach to and invade normal human cartilage when engrafted into SCID mice. Am. J. Pathol. 149:1607-15.
12. Smith RS, Smith TJ, Blieden TM, Phipps RP. (1997) Fibroblasts as sentinel cells. Synthesis of chemokines and regulation of inflammation. Am. J. Pathol. 151:317-22.
13. Franz JK et al. (1998) Interleukin-16, produced by synovial fibroblasts, mediates chemoattraction for CD4+ T lymphocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. Eur. J. Immunol. 28:2661-71.
14. Bucala R, Ritchlin C, Winchester R, Cerami A. (1991) Constitutive production of inflammatory and mitogenic cytokines by rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts. J. Exp. Med. 173:569-74.
15. Ritchlin C, Dwyer E, Bucala R, Winchester R. (1994) Sustained and distinctive patterns of gene activation in synovial fibroblasts and whole synovial tissue obtained from inflammatory synovitis. Scand. J. Immunol. 40:292-8.
16. Smith CA. (1971) Properties of synovial cells in culture. J. Exp. Med. 134:306s-12s.
17. Werb Z, Mainardi CL, Vater CA, Harris ED, Jr. (1977) Endogenous activation of latent collagenase by rheumatoid synovial cells. Evidence for a role of plasminogen activator. N. Engl. J. Med. 296:1017-23.
18. Qiu RG, Chen J, Kirn D, McCormick F, Symons M. (1995) An essential role for Rac in Ras transformation. Nature. 374:457-9.
19. Khosravi-Far R, Solski PA, Clark GJ, Kinch MS, Der CJ. (1995) Activation of Rac1, RhoA, and mitogen-activated protein kinases is required for Ras transformation. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:6443-53.
20. Sahai E, Marshall CJ. (2002) Rho GTPases and cancer. Nat. Rev. Cancer. 2:133-42.
21. Chan AY et al. (2005) Roles of the Rac1 and Rac3 GTPases in human tumor cell invasion. Oncogene. 24:7821-9.
22. Symons M, Settleman J. (2000) Rho family GTPases: more than simple switches Trends Cell Biol. 10:415-9.
23. Haataja L, Groffen J, Heisterkamp N. (1997) Characterization of Rac3, a novel member of the Rho family. J. Biol. Chem. 272:20384-8.
24. Gao Y, Dickerson JB, Guo F, Zheng J, Zheng Y. (2004) Rational design and characterization of a Rac GTPase-specific small molecule inhibitor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 101:7618-23.
25. Skehan P et al. (1990) New colorimetric cytotoxicity assay for anticancer-drug screening. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 82:1107-12.
26. Azim AC, Barkalow KL, Hartwig JH. (2000) Determination of GTP loading on Rac and Cdc42 in platelets and fibroblasts. Methods Enzymol. 325:257-63.
27. Tolboom TC et al. (2005) Invasiveness of fibroblast-like synoviocytes is an individual patient characteristic associated with the rate of joint destruction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 52:1999-2002.
28. Tolboom TC et al. (2002) Invasive properties of fibroblast-like synoviocytes: correlation with growth characteristics and expression of MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-10. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 61:975-80.
29. Del Rosso A et al. (2005) Deflazacort modulates the fibrinolytic pattern and reduces uPA-dependent chemioinvasion and proliferation in rheumatoid arthritis synoviocytes. Rheumatology (Oxford). 44:1255-62.
30. Anand-Apte B et al. (1997) Platelet-derived growth factor and fibronectin-stimulated migration are differentially regulated by the Rac and extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathways. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 30688-92.
31. Nobes CD, Hall A. (1999) Rho GTPases control polarity, protrusion, and adhesion during cell movement. J. Cell Biol. 144:1235-44.
32. Burridge K, Wennerberg K. (2004) Rho and rac take center stage. Cell. 116:167-79.
33. Ridley AJ, Paterson HF, Johnston CL, Diekmann D, Hall A. (1992) The small GTP-binding protein rac regulates growth factor-induced membrane ruffling. Cell. 70:401-10.
34. Small JV, Stradal T, Vignal E, Rottner K. (2002) The lamellipodium: where motility begins. Trends Cell Biol. 12:112-20.
35. Han Z, Boyle DL, Manning AM, Firestein GS. (1998) AP-1 and NF-κB regulation in rheumatoid arthritis and murine collagen-induced arthritis. Autoimmunity. 28:197-208.
36. Xia Y, Karin M. (2004) The control of cell motility and epithelial morphogenesis by Jun kinases. Trends Cell Biol. 14:94-101.
37. Coso OA et al. (1995) The small GTP-binding proteins Rac1 and Cdc42 regulate the activity of the JNK/SAPK signaling pathway. Cell. 81:1137-46.
38. Senger DL et al. (2002) Suppression of Rac activity induces apoptosis of human glioma cells but not normal human astrocytes. Cancer Res. 62:2131-40.
39. Bennett BL et al. (2001) SP600125, an anthrapyrazolone inhibitor of Jun N-terminal kinase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 98:13681-6.
40. Imamura F et al. (1998) Monoclonal expansion of synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 41:1979-86.
41. Han Z et al. (1999) Jun N-terminal kinase in rheumatoid arthritis. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 291:124-30.
42. Schett G et al. (2000) Activation, differential localization, and regulation of the stress-activated protein kinases, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-JUN N-terminal kinase, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, in synovial tissue and cells in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 43:2501-12.
43. Zhang S et al. (1995) Rho family GTPases regulate p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase through the downstream mediator Pak1. J. Biol. Chem. 270:23934-6.
44. Fanger GR, Johnson NL, Johnson GL. (1997) MEK kinases are regulated by EGF and selectively interact with Rac/Cdc42. EMBO J. 16:4961-72.
45. Teramoto H et al. (1996) Signaling from the small GTP-binding proteins Rac1 and Cdc42 to the c-Jun N-terminal kinase/stress-activated protein kinase pathway A role for mixed lineage kinase 3/protein-tyrosine kinase 1, a novel member of the mixed lineage kinase family. J. Biol. Chem. 271:27225-8.
46. Xu Z, Kukekov NV, Greene LA. (2003) POSH acts as a scaffold for a multiprotein complex that mediates JNK activation in apoptosis. EMBO J. 22:252-61.
47. Ridley AJ et al. (2003) Cell migration: integrating signals from front to back. Science. 302:1704-9.
48. Raftopoulou M, Hall A. (2004) Cell migration: Rho GTPases lead the way. Dev. Biol. 265:23-32.
49. Eden S, Rohatgi R, Podtelejnikov AV, Mann M, Kirschner MW. (2002) Mechanism of regulation of WAVE1-induced actin nucleation by Rac1 and Nek. Nature. 418:790-3.
50. Nagata-Ohashi K et al. (2004) A pathway of neuregulin-induced activation of cofilin-phosphatase Slingshot and cofilin in lamellipodia. J. Cell Biol. 165:465-71.