Effects of estrogen in the CNS

Uspekhi Fiziologicheskikh Nauk

Volumn 38, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 46-62

  Fedotova, J O ^a   Sapronov, N S ^a  

^a INSTITUTE OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE   (Russian Federation)

Author keywords

Anxiety; Brain; Cognitive disorders; Depression; Estrogen; Pharmacotherapy

Indexed keywords

ANXIETY; COGNITIVE DISORDERS; DEPRESSION; ESTROGENS;

BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH; BRAIN; DRUG THERAPY; MOLECULAR DYNAMICS; PATHOGENS;

HORMONES;

4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID; ESTROGEN; ESTROGEN RECEPTOR; NARCOTIC ANALGESIC AGENT; NEUROPROTECTIVE AGENT;

ANIMAL; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; COGNITION; DRUG EFFECT; HUMAN; MENTAL DISEASE; METABOLISM; NERVE CELL PLASTICITY; PHYSIOLOGY; RAT; REVIEW; SYNAPSE;

ANALGESICS, OPIOID; ANIMALS; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; COGNITION; ESTROGENS; GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID; HUMANS; MENTAL DISORDERS; NEURONAL PLASTICITY; NEUROPROTECTIVE AGENTS; RATS; RECEPTORS, ESTROGEN; SYNAPSES;

EID: 34447328767     PISSN: 03011798     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (177)

1. Russian source
2. Russian source
3. Russian source
4. Russian source
5. Russian source
6. Russian source
7. Russian source
8. Amin Z., Epperson C.N. Effect of Estrogen-serotonin interactions on mood and cognition // Behav. Cogn. Neurosci. Rev. 2005. V. 4. P. 43-58.
9. Backstrom T. Symptoms related to the menopause and sex steroid treatments: a review // Ciba Foundation Symposium. 1995. V. 191. P. 171-186.
10. Bae Y.H., Hwang J.Y., Kim Y.H. et al. Antioxidative neuroprotection by estrogens in mouse cortical cultures // J. Korean Med. Sci. 2000. V. 15. P. 327-336.
11. Barrett-Connor E., Kritz-Silverstein D. Estrogen replacement therapy and cognitive function in older women//JAMA. 1993. V. 269. P. 2637-2641.
12. Behl C., Skutella T., Lezoualc'h F. et al. Neuroprotection against oxidative stress by estrogens: structure-activity relationship // Mol. Pharmacol. 1997. V. 51. P. 535-541.
13. Bethea C.L., Lu N.Z., Gundlan C. et al. Diverse actions of ovarian steroids in the serotonin neural system // Front. Neuroendocrinol. 2002. V. 23. P. 41-100.
14. Biegon A., McEwen B.S. Modulation by estradiol of serotonin receptors in brain // J. Neurosci. 1982. V. 2. P. 199-205.
15. Bitran D., Hilvers R.J., Kellogg C.K. Ovarian endocrine status modulates the anxiolytic potency of diazepam and the efficacy of gamma-aminobutyric acid - benzo -diazepine receptor-mediated chloride ion transport // Behav. Neurosci. 1991. V. 105. P. 653-662.
16. Birzniece V., Johansson I.M., De Wang M. et al. Serotonin 5-HT1A receptor mRNA expression in dorsal hippocampus and raphe nuclei after gonadal hormone manipulation in female rats // Neuroendocrinol. 2001. V. 74. P. 135-142.
17. Blanchet P.J., Fang F., Hyland K. et al. Short-term effects of high-dose 17 beta-estradiol in post-menopausal PD patients: a crossover study // Ibid. 2000. V. 53. P. 91-95.
18. Bloch M., Schmidt P.J., Danaceau M. et al. Effects of gonadal steroids in women with a history of postpartum depression // Am. J. Psychiatry. 2000. V. 157. P. 924-930.
19. Brinton R.D. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of estrogen regulation of memory function and neuroprotection against Alzheimer's disease: Recent insights and remaining challenges // Learn. Mem. 2001. V. 8. P. 121-133.
20. Brooke S., Chan R., Howard S., Sapolsky R. Endocrine modulation of the neurotoxicity of gp120: implications for AIDS-related dementia complex // PNAS. 1997. V. 94. P. 9457-9462.
21. Brown C.S. Depression and anxiety disorders // Obstet. Gynecol. Clin. North Am. 2001. V. 28. P. 241-268.
22. Carswell H.V.O., Macrae I.M., Gallagher L et al. Neuroprotection by a selective estrogen receptor beta agonist in a mouse model of global ischemia // Am. J. Physiol. 2004. V. 287. P. 1501-1504.
23. Chao M.V. Neurotropin receptors: a window into neuronal differentiation // Neuron. 1992. V. 9. P. 583-593.
24. Chao M.V., Hempstead B.L. p75 and Trk: a two-receptor system //Trends Neurosci. 1995. V. 18. P. 321-326.
25. Choi J.M., Romeo A.D., Brake W.G. et al. Estradiol increases pre- and post-synaptic proteins in the CA1 region of the hippocampus in female rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) // Endocrinol. 2003. V. 144. P. 4734-4738.
26. Conde G.L., Bicknell R. J., Herbison A.E. Changing patterns of Fos expression in brainstem catecholaminergic neurons during the rat oestrous cycle // Brain. Res. 1995. V. 672. P. 68-76.
27. Crispino M., Stone D.J., Wei M. et al. Variations ofsynaptotagmin I, synaptagmin IV and synaptophysin mRNA levels in rat hippocampus during the estrous cycle // Experim. Neurol. 1999. V. 159. P. 574-583.
28. Daniel J. M., Aric FaderJ., Spencer Abby L., Dohanich Gary P. Estrogen enhances performance of female rats during acquisition of a radial arm maze // Horm. Behav. 1997. V. 32. P. 217-225.
29. Daniel J.M., Dohanich G.P. Acetylcholine mediates the estrogen-induced increase in NMDA receptor binding in CA1 of the hippocampus and the associated improvement in working memory // J. Neurosci. 2001. V. 21. P. 6949-6956.
30. Daniel J.M., Sulzer J.K., Hülst J.L. Estrogen increases the sensitivity of ovariectomized rats to the disruptive effects produced by antagonism of D2 but not D1 dopamine receptors during performance of a response learning task // Horm. Behav. 2006. V. 49. P. 38-44.
31. Danlelian P.S., White R., Lees J.A., Parker M.G. Identification of a conserved region required for hormone dependent transcriptional activation by steroid hormone receptors//EMBO J. 1992. V. 11. P. 1025-1033.
32. Diaz-Veliz G., Urresta F., Dussaubat N., Mora S. Effects of estradiol replacement in ovariectomized rats on conditioned avoidance responses and other behaviors // Physiol. Behav. 1991. V. 50. P. 61-65.
33. Di Paolo T., RouillardC., Bedard P. 17ß-Estradiol at a physiological dose acutely increases dopamine turnover in rat brain // Eur. J. Pharmacol. 1985. V. 117. P. 197-203.
34. Di Paolo T. Modulation of brain dopamine transmission by sex steroids // Rev. Neurosci. 1994. V. 5. P. 27-42.
35. Ditkoff E.C., Crary W.G., Cristo M., Lobo R.A. Estrogen improves psychological function in asymptomatic postmenopausal women // Obstet. Gynecol. 1991. V. 78. P. 991-995.
36. Doraiswamy P.M., Bieber F., Kaiser L. et al. The Alzheimer's disease assessment scale: patterns and predictors of baseline cognitive performance in multicenter Alzheimer's disease trials // Neurol. 1997. V. 48. P. 1511-1517.
37. Dubal D.B., Wise P.M. Neuroprotective effects of estradiol in middle-aged female rats // Endocrinol. 2001. V. 142. P. 43-48.
38. Dubal D.B., Zhu H., Yu J. et al. Estrogen receptor a, not ß, is a critical link in estradiol-mediated protection against brain injury // PNAS. 2001. V. 98. P. 1952-1957.
39. Dubrovsky B.O. Steroids, neuroactive steroids and neurosteroids in psychopathology // Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry. 2005. V. 29. P. 169-192.
40. Fahrbach S.E., Meisel R.L., Pfaff D.W. Preoptic implants of estradiol increase wheel running but not the open field activity of female rats // Physiol. Behav. 1985. V. 35. P. 985-992.
41. Falkenstein E., Tillmann H.-C., Christ M. et al. Multiple actions of steroid hormones - a focus on rapid, nongenomic effects // Pharmacol. Rew. 2000. V. 52. P. 513-555.
42. Farr S.A., Banks W.A., Morley J.E. Estradiol potentiates acetylcholine and glutamate-mediated post-trial memory processing in the hippocampus // Brain. Res. 2000. V. 864. P. 263-269.
43. Fedor-Freybergh P. The influence of oestrogens on the wellbeing and mental performance in climacteric and postmenopausal women // Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand. Suppl. 1977. V. 64. P. 1-99.
44. Fink G., McQeen J., Rose C. R. et al. Oestrogen effects mood and mental state by an action on serotonin receptors and the transporter // J. Endocrinol. 1997. Suppl. 152. P. 130.
45. Frye C.A., Wawrzycki J. Effect of prenatal stress and gonadal hormone condition on depressive behaviors of female and male rats // Horm. Behav. 2003. V. 44. P. 319-326.
46. Garcia-Segura L.M., Cardona-Gomez P., Naftolin F. et al. Estradiol up-regulates Bcl-2 expression in adult brain neurons //Neuroreport. 1998. V. 9. P. 593-597.
47. Gazzaley A.M., Weiland N.G., McEwen B.S. et al. Differential regulation of NMDARl mRNA and protein by estradiol in the rat hippocampus // J. Neurosci. 1996. V. 16. P. 6830-6838.
48. Gibbs R.B. Effects of estrogen on basal forebrain cholinergic neurons vary as a function of dose and duration of treatment // Brain Res. 1997. V. 757. P. 10-16.
49. Gibbs R.B., Hashash A., Johnson DA. Effects of estrogen on potassium-stimulated acetylcholine release in the hippocampus and overlying cortex // Brain Res. 1997. V. 749. P. 143-146.
50. Gibbs R.B. Estrogen replacement enhances acquisition of a spatial memory task and reduces deficits associated with hippocampal muscarinic receptor inhibition // Horm. Behav. 1999. V. 36. P. 222-233.
51. Gibbs R.B. Effects of gonadal hormone replacement on measures of basal forebrain cholinergic function // Neurosci. 2000. V. 4. P. 931-938.
52. Gibson M.K., Nemmers L.A., Beckman W.C. et al. The mechanism of ICM 164,384 antiestrogenicity involves rapid loss of estrogen receptor in uterine tissue // Endocrinol. 1991. V. 129. P. 2000-2010.
53. Gollapudi L., Oblinger M.M. Estrogen and NGF synergistically protect terminally differentiated, ERα-trans-fected PC12 from apoptosis // J. Neurosci. Res. 1999. V. 56. P. 471-481.
54. Goodman Y., Bruce A.J., Cheng B. et al. Estrogens attenuate and corticosterone exacerbates excitotoxicity, oxidative injury, and amyloid b-peptide toxicity in hippocampal neurons // J. Neurochem. 1996. V. 66. P. 1836-1844.
55. Green S., Walter P., Kumar V. et al. Human oestrogen receptor cDNA: sequence expression and homology to v-erb-A // Nature. 1986. V. 320. P. 134-139.
56. Gregoire A.J., Kumar R., Everitt B. et al. Transdermal oestrogen for treatment of severe postnatal depression // Lancet. 1996. V. 347. P. 930-933.
57. Gridley K.E., Green P.S., Simpkins J.W. A novel, synergistic interaction between 17 beta-estradiol and glutathione in the protection of neurons against beta-amyloid 25-35-induced toxicity in vitro // Mol. Pharmacol. 1998. V. 54. P. 874-880.
58. Gu G., Rojo A A., Zee M.C., et al. Hormonal regulation of CREB phosphorylation in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus // J. Neurosci. 1996. V. 16. P. 3035-3044.
59. Gundlah C., Pecins-Thompson M., Schutzer W.E., Bethea CL. Ovarian steroids effects on serotonin 1A, 2A and 2C receptor mRNA in macaque hypothalamus // Mol. Brain Res. 1999. V. 63. P. 325-339.
60. Gundlah, Kohama S.G., Mirkes SJ. et al. Distribution of estrogen receptor (ERβ) mRNA in hypothalamus, midbrain and temporal lobe of spayed macaque: continued expression with hormone replacement // Mol. Brain Res. 2000. V. 76. P. 191-204.
61. Gundlah, Lu N.Z., Mirkes S.J.,Bethea CL. Estrogen receptor (ERβ) mRNA and protein in serotonin neurons of macaques // Mol. Brain Res. 2001. V. 91. P. 14-22.
62. Hafner H., Maurer K., Loffler W., Riecher-Rossler A. The influence of age and sex on the onset and early course of schizophrenia // Br. J. Psychiat. 1993. V. 262. P. 80-86.
63. Heikkinen T., Puolivalli J., Tanila H. Effects of longterm ovariectomy and estrogen treatment on maze learning in aged mice // Exp. Gerontol. 2004. V. 39. V.1277-1283.
64. Henderson V.W., Watt L., Buckwalter J.G. Cognitive skills associated with estrogen replacement in women with Alzheimer's disease // Psychoneuroendocrinol. 1996. V. 21. P. 421-430.
65. Henderson V.W.,Paganini~Hill A., Miller BL. et al. Estrogen for Alzheimer's disease in women: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study // Neurol. 2000. V. 54. P. 295-301.
66. Hogervost E., Boshuisen M., Riedel W. et al. The effect of hormone replacement therapy on cognitive function in elderly women // Psychoneuroendocrinol. 1999. V. 24. P. 43-68.
67. Horner C.H. Plasticity of the dendritic spine // Prog. Neurobiol. 1993. V. 41. P. 281-321.
68. livonen S., Heikkinen T., Puolivali J. et al. Effects of estradiol on spatial learning, hippocampal cytochrome P450 19, and estrogen alpha and beta mRNA levels in ovariectomized female mice // Neurosci. 2006. V. 137. P. 1143-1152.
69. Jacobs D.M., Tang M.X., Stern Y. et al. Cognitive function in nondemented older women who took estrogen after menopause//Neurol. 1998. V. 50. P. 368-373.
70. Jorm A.F., Korten A.E., Henderson A.S. The prevalence of dementia: a quantitative integration of the literature // Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 1987. V. 76. P. 465-479.
71. Kampen D.L., Sherwin B.B. Estrogen use and verbal memory in healthy postmenopausal women // Obstet. Gynecol. 1994. V. 83. P. 979-983.
72. Kawas C., Resnick S., Morrison A. et al. A prospective study of replacement therapy and the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease: the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging // Neurology. 1997. V. 48. P. 1517-1521.
73. Kimura D. Estrogen replacement therapy may protect against intellectual decline in postmenopausal Women//Horm. Behav. 1995. V. 29. P. 312-321.
74. Klaiber EL., Broverman D.M., Vogel W., Kobayashi Y. Estrogen therapy for severe persistent depressions in women // Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 1979. V. 36. P. 550-554.
75. Korol D.L., Unick K., Goosens K., et al. Estrogen effects on spatial performance and hippocampal physiology in female rats // Soc. Neurosci. Abs. 1994. V. 20. P. 1436.
76. Krishnan V., Wang X., Safe S. Estrogen receptor-Sp1 complexes mediate estrogen-induced cathepsin D gene expression in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells // J. Biol. Chem. 1994. V. 269. P. 15912-15917.
77. Kuiper G.G.J.M., Shughrue P.J., Merchenthaler I., Gustafsson J.A. The estrogen receptor ß-subtype: a novel mediator of estrogen action in neuroendocrine systems//Front. Neuroendocrinol. 1998. V. 19. P. 253-286.
78. Kulkarni J., de Castella A., Smith D. et al. A clinical trial of the effects of estrogen in acutely psychotic women // Schizophr. Res. 1996. V. 20. P. 247-252.
79. Lam T.T., Leranth C. Role of the medial septum diagonal band of Broca cholinergic neurons in oestrogen-induced spine synapse formation on hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells of female rats // Eur. J. Neurosci. 2003. V. 17. P. 1997-2005.
80. Lammers C.H., De Souza U., Qin Z.H., et al. Regulation of striatal dopamine receptors by estrogen // Synapse. 1999. V. 34. P. 222-227.
81. Lanfumey L., Hamon M. Central 5-HT(1A) receptors: regional distribution and functional characteristics // Nucl. Med. Biol. 2000. V. 27. P. 429-435.
82. Lentz H.M., Pool G.L., Milner J.S. Effects of ovariectomy and hormone replacement on DRL behavior in the rat // Physiol. Behav. 1978. V. 20. P. 477-480.
83. Lezoualc'h R., Sagara Y., Holsboer F., Behl C. High constitutive NF-kappaß activity mediates resistance to oxidative stress in neuronal cells // J. Neurosci. 1998. V. 18. P. 3224-3232.
84. Lim S.K., Won Y.J., Lee H.C. et al. A PCR analysis of Eralpha and Erbeta mRNA abundance in rats and the effect of ovariectomy // J. Bone Miner Res. 1999. V. 14. P. 1189-1196.
85. Lindamer L.A.,Lohr J.B., Harris M.J. et al. Gender-related clinical differences in older patients with schizophrenia // J. Clin. Psychiat. 1999. V. 60. P. 61-67.
86. 2+-dependent manner // TINS. 1995. V. 18. P. 177-183.
87. Loy R., Gerlach J.L., McEwen B.S. Autoradiographic localization of estradiol-binding neurons in the rat hippocampal formation and entorhinal cortex // Rev. Brain Res. 1988. V. 39. P. 245-251.
88. Luine V. N. Estradiol increased choline acetyltransferase activity in specific basal forebrain nuclei and projection areas of female rats // Exp. Neurosci. 1985. V. 89. P. 1-7.
89. Luine V.N., Richards S.T., Wu V.Y. et al. Estradiol enhances learning and memory in a spatial memory task and effects levels of monoaminergic neurotransmitters // Horm. Behav. 1998. V. 34. P. 149-162.
90. Maggi A., Susanna L., Bettini E. et al. Hippocampus: A target organ for estrogen action in the mammalian brain // Mol. Endocrinol. 1989. V. 3. P. 1165-1170.
91. Maki P.M., Resnick S.M. Longitudinal effects of estrogen replacement therapy on PET cerebral blood flow and cognition // Neurobiol. Aging. 2000. V. 21. P. 373-383.
92. Maki P.M., Zonderman A.B., Resnick S.M. Enhanced verbal memory in nondemented elderly women receiving hormone-replacement therapy // Am. J. Psychiatry. 2001. V. 158. P. 227-233.
93. Mattew W.D., Tsavaler L., Reichardt L.F. Identification of a synaptic vescicle-specific membrane protein with a wide distribution in neuronal and neurosecretory tissue // J. Cell Biol. 1981. V. 91. P. 257-269.
94. Mattews J., Gustafsson J.A. Estrogen signaling: a subtle balance between ER alpha and ER beta // Mol. Intervent. 2003. V. 3. P. 281-292.
95. McEwen B.S., Chao H., Angulo J. Glucocorticoid and estrogen effects on the nigrostriatal and mesolimbic dopaminergic systems // Trophic Regulation of the Basal Ganglia/Eds. Fuxe K., Agnati L., Bjelke B., Ottoson D. L.: Pergamon Press, 1994. P. 67-88.
96. McEwen B.S. Genome and hormones: gender differences in physiology. Invited review: estrogens effects on the brain: multiple sites and molecular mechanisms // J. Appl. Physiol. 2001. V. 91. P. 2785-2801.
97. McEwen B.S. Estrogen actions throughout the brain // Rec. Progress Horm. Res. 2002. V. 57. P. 357-384.
98. McKay L.I., Cidlowski JA. Molecular control of immune/inflammatory responses: interactions between nuclear factor-kB and steroid receptor-signaling pathways // Endocr. Rev. 1999. V. 20. P. 435-459.
99. McQueen J.K., Wilson H., Dow R.C., Fink G. Oestradiol 17 β increases serotonin transporter (SERT) binding sites and SERT mRNA expression in discrete regions of female rat brain // J. Physiol. Proc. 1996. V. 495. P. 114-119.
100. Miller N.R., Jover T., Cohen H.W. et al. Estrogen can act via estrogen receptor alpha and beta to protect hippocampal neurons against global ischemia-induced cell death // Endocrinol. 2005. V. 146. P. 3070-3079.
101. Miranda A.C., Sohrabji F., Toran-Allerand C.D. Neuronal colocalization of mRNAs for neurotrophins and their receptors in the developing central nervous system suggests a potential for autocrine interactions // PNAS. 1993. V. 90. P. 6439-6443.
102. Mitra S.W., Hoskin E., Yudkovitz J. et al. Immunolocalization of estrogen receptor beta in the mouse brain: comparison with estrogen receptor alpha // Endocrinol. 2003. V. 144. P. 2055-2067.
103. Mooradian A.D. Antioxidant properties of steroid // J. Steroid. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 1993. V. 45. P. 509-511.
104. Mora S.,Dussaubat N.,Diaz-Veliz G. Effects of the estrous cycle and ovarian hormones on behavioral indices of anxiety in female rats // Psychoneuroendocrinol. 1996. V. 21. P. 609-620.
105. Mosselman S., Polman J., Dijkema R. ERβ: identification and characterization of a novel human estrogen receptor // FEBS Lett. 1996. V. 392. P. 49-53.
106. Mulnard RA., Cotman C.W., Kawas C. et al. Estrogen replacement therapy for treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: a randomized controlled trial // JAMA. 2000. V. 283. No 8. P. 1007-1015.
107. Namba H., Sokoloff L. Acute administration of high doses of estrogen increases glucose utilization throughout the brain // Brain. Res. 1984. V. 291. P. 391-394.
108. Oge A., Sezer E.D., Ozgonul M. et al. The effects of estrogen and raloxifene treatment on the antioxidant enzymes and nitrite-nitrate levels in brain cortex of overiectomized rats // Neurosci. Lett. 2003. V. 338. P. 217-220.
109. O'Hara M.W., Schiede J.A., Lewis D.A., et al. Controlled prospective study of postpartum mood disorders: psychological, environmental and hormonal variables // J. Abnorm. Psychol. 1991. V. 100. P. 63-73.
110. Packard M.G., Kohlmaier J.R., Alexander G.M. Posttraining intra-hippocampal estradiol injections enhance spatial memory in male rats: Interaction with cholinergic systems // Behav. Neurosci. 1996. V. 110. P. 626-632.
111. Paech K., Webb P., Kuiper G.G. et al. Differential ligand activation of estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ at AP1 sites // Science. 1997. V. 277. P. 1508-1510.
112. Paganini-Hill A., Henderson V.W. Estrogen deficiency and risk of Alzheimer's disease in women // Am. J. Epidemiol. 1994. V. 140. P. 256-261.
113. Paganini-Hill A., Henderson V.W. Estrogen replacement therapy and risk of Alzheimer's disease // Arch. Intern. Med. 1996. V. 156. P. 2213-2217.
114. Palinkas L.A., Barren-Connor E. Estrogen use and depressive symptoms in postmenopausal women // Obstet. Gynecol. 1992. V. 80. P. 30-36.
115. Pigott T.A. Anxiety disorders in women // Psychiatry Clin. North Am. 2003. V. 26. P. 621-672.
116. Pike C.J. Estrogen modulates neuronal Bcl-X1 expression and β-amyloid-induced apoptosis: relevance to Alzheimer's disease // J. Neurochem. 1999. V. 72. P. 1552-1563.
117. Prange-Kiel J., Wehrenberg U., Jarry H., et al. Para/autocrine regulation of estrogen receptors in hippocampal neurons // Hippocam. 2003. V. 13. P. 226-234.
118. Rachman I.M., Unnerstall J.R., Pfaff D.W. et al. Estrogen alters behavior and forebrain c-fos expression in ovariectomized rats subjected to the forced swim test // PNAS. 1998. V. 95. P. 13941-13946.
119. Rapp P.R., Morrison J.H., Roberts J.A. Cyclic estrogen replacement improves cognitive function in aged ovariectomized rhesus monkeys // J. Neurosci. 2003. V. 23. P. 5708-5714.
120. Richardson T.A., Robinson R.D. Menopause and depression: a review of psychologic function and sex steroid neurobiology during the menopause // Prim. Care Update Ob. Gyns. 2000. V. 7. P. 215-223.
121. Rivera-Tovar A.D., Frank E. Late luteal phase dycphoric disorder in young women // Am. J. Psychiat. 1990. V. 147. P. 1634-1636.
122. Riecher-Rossler A., HafnerH., Stumbaum M. et al. Can estradiol modulate schizophrenic symptomatology? // Schizophr. Bull. 1994. V. 20. P. 203-214.
123. Rissman E.F., Heck A.L., Leonard J.E. et al. Disruption of estrogen receptor beta gene impairs spatial learning in female mice // PNAS. 2002. V. 99. P. 3996-4001.
124. Rudick C.N., Wooley C.S. Estrogen regulates functional inhibition of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells in the adult female rat // J. Neurosci. 2001. V. 21. P. 6532-6543.
125. Rybaczyk L.A., Bashaw MJ., Pathak D.R. et al An overlooked connection: serotonergic mediation of estrogen-related physiology and pathology // BMC Womens Health. 2005. V. 5. P. 5-12.
126. Sounders-Pullman R., Gordon-Elliot J., Parides M. et al. The effect of estrogen replacement on early Parkinson's disease // Neurology. 1999. V. 52. P. 1417-1421.
127. Schmidt R., Fazekas F., Reinhart B. et al. Estrogen replacement therapy in older women: a neuropsychological and brain MRI study // Ibid. 1996. V. 44. P. 1307-1313.
128. Schneider L.S., Farlow M.R., Henderson V.W. et al. Effects of estrogen replacement therapy on response to tacrine in patients with Alzheimer's disease // Neurology. 1996. V. 46. P. 1580-1584.
129. Schule R., Evans R.M. Cross-coupling of signal transduction pathways: zinc finger meets leucine zipper // Trends Genet. 1991. V. 7. P. 377-381.
130. Seshadri S., Zornberg G.L., Derby L.E. et al. Postmenopausal estrogen replacement therapy and the risk of Alzheimer diseaase // Arch. Neurol. 2001. V. 58. p. 435-440.
131. Sherwin B.B. Estrogen and cognitive function troughout the female life spain // Neuronal and Cognitive effects of estrogens. Novartis Foundation symposium 230 / Eds. Chadwick D.J. et al. Chichester: Wiley, 2000. P. 1888-2001.
132. Sherwin B. Estrogen and memory in women: how can we reconcile the findings? // Horm. Behav. 2005. V. 47. P. 371-375.
133. Shi J., Simpkins J.W. 17β-Estradiol modulation of glucose transporter 1 expression in blood-brain barrier // Am. J. Physiol. 1997. V. 272. P. 1016-1022.
134. Shima N., Yamaguchi Y., Yuri K. Distribution of estrogen receptor beta mRNA-containing cells in ovariectomized and estrogen-treated female rat brain // Anat. Sci. Int. 2003. V. 78. P. 85-97.
135. Shors T.J., Leuner B. Estrogen-mediated effects on depression and memory formation in females // J. Affect. Disord. 2003. V. 74. P. 85-96.
136. Shumaker S.A., Legault C., Wallance R.B. et al. Estrogen plus progestin and the incidence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in postmenopausal women: the Women's health Initiative Memory Study: a randomized controlled trial // JAMA. 2003. V. 289. P. 2651-2662.
137. Shughrue P.J., Lane M.V., Merchenthaler I. Comparative distribution of estrogen receptor-a and -β mRNA in the rat central nervous system // J. Comp. Neurol. 1997. V. 4. P. 507-525.
138. Simonian S.X., Herbison A.E. Differential expression of estrogen receptor and neuropeptide Y by brainstem A1 and A2 noradrenaline neurons // Neurosci. 1997. V. 76. P. 517-529.
139. Simonian S.X., Delaleu B., Caraty A. et al. Estrogen receptor expression in brainstem noradrenergic neurons of the sheep // Neuroendocrinol. 1998. V. 67. P. 392-402.
140. Simpkins J.W., Green F.S., Griedley K.E. et al. Role of estrogen replacement therapy in memory enhancement and the prevention of neuronal loss associated Alzheimer's disease, (review) // Am. J. Medicine. 1997. V. 103. P. 198-258.
141. Singh M., Meyer E.M., Millard W.J., Simpkins J. W. Ovarian steroid deprivation results in a reversible learning impairment and compromised cholinergic function in female Sprague-Dawley rats // Brain Res. 1994. V. 644. P. 305-312.
142. Singh M., Meyer EM., Simpkins J.W. The effect of ovariectomy and estradiol replacement on brain-derived neurotrophic factor messenger ribonucleic and expression in cortical and hippocampal brain regions of female Sprague-Dawley rats // Endocrinol. 1995. V. 136. P. 2320-2324.
143. Singer CA., Rogers K.L., Sticklans J.W., Dorsa D.M. Estrogen protects primary cortical neurons from glutamate toxicity // Neurosci. Lett. 1996. V. 212. P. 13-16.
144. Smith M.S., Freeman M.E., Neill J.D. The control of progesterone secretion during estrous cycle and early pseudopregnancy in the rat: prolactin, gonadotropin and steroid levels associated with rescue of the corpus luteum of pseudopregnency // Endocrinol. 1975. V. 96. P. 219-226.
145. Sonrabji F., Greene L., Miranda A.C., Toran-Allerand C.D. Reciprocal regulation of estrogen and NGF receptors by their ligands in PC12 cells // J. Neurobiol. 1994. V. 25. P. 974-988.
146. Sonrabji F., Miranda R.C., Toran-Allerand C.D. Estrogen differentially regulates estrogen and nerve growth factor receptor mRNAs in adult sensory neurons // J. Neurosci. 1994. V. 14. P. 459-471.
147. Stein B., Yang M.X. Repression of the interleukin-6 promoter by estrogen receptor is mediated by NF-kB and C/EBB β // Mol. Cell. Biol. 1995. V. 15. P. 4971-4979.
148. Struse H. Effects of ovariectomy upon performance of a maze learning paradigm in the adult female rat // Arch. Italien. Biol. 1996. V. 134. P. 197-200.
149. Szklo M., Cerhan J., Diez-Roux A.V. et al. Estrogen replacement therapy and cognitive functioning in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study // Am. J. Epidemiol. 1996. V. 144. P. 1048-1057.
150. Tang M.-X., Jacobs D., Stern Y. et al. Effect of oestrogen during menopause on risk and age at onset of Alzheimer's disease // Lancet. 1996. V. 348. P. 429-432.
151. Thompson TL., Moore C.C., Smith B. Estrogen priming modulates autoreceptor-mediated potentiation of dopamine uptake // Eur. J. Pharmacol. 2000. V. 401. P. 357-363.
152. Toran-Allerand C.D., Singh M., Setalo G.J. Novel mechanisms of estrogen action in the brain: new players in an old story // Front. Neuroendocrinol. 1999. V. 20. P. 97-121.
153. Touxefis DJ., Myers K.M., Davis M. The effect of gonadal hormones and gender on anxiety and emotional learning // Horm. Behav. 2006. V. 50. P. 539-549.
154. Tseng J.Y., Kolb P.E., Raskind MA., Miller MA. Estrogen regulates galanin but not tyrosine hydroxylase gene expression in the rat locus coeruleus // Mol. Brain. Res. 1997. V. 50. P. 100-106.
155. Tzukerman M.T., Esty A., Santiso-Mere D. et al. Human estrogen receptor transactivational capasity is determinated by both cellular and promoter context and mediated by two functionally distinct intramolecular regions // Mol. Endocrinol. 1994. V. 8. P. 21-30.
156. Vician L., Lim I.K., Ferguson G. et al. Synaptotagmin IV is an immediate early gene induced by depolarization in PC12 cells and in brain // PNAS. 1995. V. 92. P. 2164-2168.
157. Villarroya-Pastor M.T. Profile of Alzheimer's disease in women // Rev. Neural. 2001. V. 32. P. 1178-1181.
158. Vries G.D. Minireview: sex differences in adult and developing brains: compensation, compensation, compensation // Endocrinol. 2004. V. 145. P. 1063-1068.
159. Wade C.B., Dorsa D.M. Estrogen activation of cyclic adenosine 5′-monophosphate response element-mediated transcription requires the extracellulary regulated kinas/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway // Endocrinol. 2003. V. 144. P. 832-838.
160. Wang J., Green P.S., Simpkins J.W. Estradiol protects against ATP depletion, mitochondrial membrene potential decline and the generation of reactive oxygen species induced by 3-nitropropionic acid in SK-N-SH human neuroblastoma cells // J. Neurochem. 2001. V. 77. P. 804-811.
161. Wang-Cheng R., Rosenfeld J.A. Hormone replacement therapy // BMJ. 2003. V. 327. P. 139-140.
162. Warren S. G., Juraska J. M. Spatial and nonspatial learning across the rat estrous cycle // Behav. Neurosci. 1997. V. 111. P. 259-256.
163. Webb P., Lopez G.N., Uht R.M., Kushner P.J. Tamoxifen activation of the estrogen receptor/AP-1 pathway: potential origin for the cell-specific estrogen-like effects of antiestrogenes // Mol. Endocrinol. 1995. V. 9. P. 443-456.
164. Weiland N.G. Estradiol selectively regulates agonist binding sites on the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor complex in the CA1 region of the hippocampus // Endocrinol. 1992. V. 131. P. 662-668.
165. Weiler I.J., Hawrylak N., Greenough W.T. Morphogenesis in memory formation - synaptic and cellular mechanisms // Behav. Brain Res. 1995. V. 66. P. 1-20.
166. Wilson M.E., Dubal D.B., Wise P.M. Estrsdiol protects against injury-induced cell death in cortical expiant cultures: a role for estrogen receptors // Brain Res. 2000. V. 873. P. 235-242.
167. 166a. Wilson M.E., Liu Y., Wise P.M. Estradiol modulates anti-apoptotic signals in cortical expiant cultures // Soc. Neurosci. 2000. V. 1. P. 345-346.
168. Wise P.M. Estradiol: a protective factor in the adult brain // J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab. 2000. V. 13. Suppi. 6. P. 1425-1429.
169. Wise P.M., Dubal D.B., Wilson M.E. et al. Estrogens: Trophic and protective factors in the adult brain // Front. Neuroendocrinol. 2001. V. 22. P. 33-66.
170. Wissnik S., van der Burg B., Katzenellbogen B.S., van der Saag P. T. Synergic activation of the serotonin-1-receptor by nuclear factor- and estrogen // Mol. Endocrinol. 2001. V. 15. P. 543-552.
171. Wolkowitz O.M., Rothschild A.J. Psychoneyroendocrinology. Washington, London: Psychiatric Publishing Inc., 2003. 588 p.
172. Woolley D.E., Timiras P.S. The gonad-brain relationship: effects of female sex hormones on electroshock convulsions in the rat // Endocrinol. 1962. V. 70. P. 196-209.
173. Wooley C.S., McEwen B.S. Estradiol regulates hippocampal dendritic spine density via an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor dependent mechanism // J. Neurosci. 1994. V. 14. P. 7680-7687.
174. Wooley C.S., Weiland N.G., McEwen B.S., Schwartzkroin P.A. Estradiol increases the sensitivity of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells to NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic input: correlation with dendritic spine density // J. Neurosci. 1997. V. 17. P. 1848-1859.
175. Xu H., Gouras G.K., Greenfield J.P. et al. Estrogen reduces neuronal generation of Alzheimer b-amyloid peptides // Nat. Med. 1998. V. 4. P. 447-451.
176. Zhou Y., Watters J.J., Dorsa D.M. Estrogen rapidly induces the phosphorylation of the cAMP response element binding in rat brain // Endocrinol. 1996. V. 137. P. 2163-2166.
177. Zweifel J.E., O'Brein W.H. A Meta-analysis of the effect of hormone replacement therapy upon depressed mood // Psychoneuroendocrinol. 1997. V. 22. P. 189-212.