Vitamin D and the skin: An ancient friend, revisited

Experimental Dermatology

Volumn 16, Issue 7, 2007, Pages 618-625

  Reichrath, Jörg ^a  

^a SAARLAND UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

Author keywords

Cancer; Cutaneous vitamin D endocrine system; Inflammatory skin diseases; Skin; Vitamin D; Vitamin D deficiency

Indexed keywords

CALCIPOTRIOL; CALCITRIOL; CALCIUM; CASPASE 3; COLECALCIFEROL; RETINOID X RECEPTOR; SORBITOL; STRESS ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE; SYNAPTOPHYSIN; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; VITAMIN D; VITAMIN D DERIVATIVE; VITAMIN D RECEPTOR;

ACNE; ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY; ARTICLE; ATOPIC DERMATITIS; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE; BONE METABOLISM; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL GROWTH; CELL TYPE; ENDOCRINE SYSTEM; GROWTH REGULATION; HUMAN; IMMUNE SYSTEM; IMMUNOREGULATION; KERATINOCYTE; NONHUMAN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PROTEIN SYNTHESIS INHIBITION; PSORIASIS; REGULATORY MECHANISM; SEBACEOUS GLAND; SINGLE DRUG DOSE; SKIN CANCER; SKIN DISEASE; SKIN INFECTION; SKIN INFLAMMATION; TARGET CELL; VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY;

HUMANS; IMMUNE SYSTEM; NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; SEBACEOUS GLANDS; SKIN; ULTRAVIOLET RAYS; VITAMIN D; VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY; VITAMINS;

EID: 34250694043     PISSN: 09066705     EISSN: 16000625     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2007.00570.x     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Holick M F. Evolution and function of vitamin D. Recent Results Cancer Res 2003: 164: 3-28.
2. Henry H L. Vitamin D hydroxylase. J Cell Biochem 1992: 49: 4-9.
3. Nebert D W, Gonzalez F J. P450 genes: Structure, evolution, and regulation. Ann Rev Biochem 1987: 56: 945-993.
4. Jones G, Ramshaw H, Zhang A et al. Expression and activity of vitamin D-metabolizing cytochrome P450s (CYP1a and CYP24) in human nonsmall cell lung carcinomas. Endocrinology 1999: 140: 3303-3310.
5. Lehmann B, Querings K, Reichrath J. Vitamin D and skin: New aspects for dermatology. Exp Dermatol 2004: 13 (Suppl. 4): 11-15.
6. Reichrath J, Rafi L, Rech M et al. Analysis of the vitamin D system in cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). J Cut Pathol 2004: 31: 224-231.
7. Reichrath J, Schuler Ch, Seifert M, Zouboulis Ch, Tilgen W. The vitamin D endocrine system of human sebocytes. Exp Dermatol 2006: 15: 643.
8. Tangpricha V, Flanagan J N, Whitlatch L W et al. 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1alpha-hydroxylase in normal and malignant colon tissue. Lancet 2001: 357: 1673-1674.
9. Pillai S, Bikle D D, Elias P M. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D production and receptor binding in human keratinocytes varies with differentiation. J Biol Chem 1988: 263: 5390-5395.
10. Fu G K, Lin D, Zhang M Y et al. Cloning of human 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1alpha-hydroxylase and mutations causing vitamin D-dependent rickets type 1. Mol Endocrinol 1997: 11: 1961-1970.
11. May E, Asadullah K, Zügel U. Immunoregulation through 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and its analogs. Curr Drug Targets Inflamm Allergy 2004: 3: 377-393.
12. Li M, Hener P, Zhang Z, Kato S, Metzger D, Chambon P. Topical vitamin D3 and low-calcemic analogs induce thymic stromal lymphopoietin in mouse keratinocytes and trigger an atopic dermatitis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006: 103: 11736-11741.
13. Ravid A, Rubinstein E, Gamady A, Rotem C, Liberman U A, Koren R. Vitamin D inhibits the activation of stress-activated protein kinases by physiological and environmental stresses in keratinocytes. J Endocrinol 2002: 173: 525-532.
14. Diker-Cohen T, Koren R, Liberman U A, Ravid A. Vitamin D protects keratinocytes from apoptosis induced by osmotic shock, oxidative stress, and tumor necrosis factor. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2003: 1010: 350-353.
15. Tilgen W, Rass K, Reichrath J. 30 Jahre dermatologische Onkologie. Akt Dermatol 2005: 31: 79-88.
16. Rass K. UV-damage and DNA-repair in basal and squamous cell carcinomas. In: Reichrath J, ed. Molecular Mechanisms of Basal Cell and Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Georgetown, USA: Landes Bioscience, in press.
17. De Haes P, Garmyn M, Verstuyf A et al. Two 14-epi analogues of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 protect human keratinocytes against the effects of UVB. Arch Dermatol Res 2004: 12: 527-534.
18. De Haes P, Garmyn M, Carmeliet G et al. Molecular pathways involved in the anti-apoptotic effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in primary human keratinocytes. J Cell Biochem 2004: 93: 951-967.
19. De Haes P, Garmyn M, Degreef H, Vantieghem K, Bouillon R, Segaert S. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits ultraviolet B-induced apoptosis, Jun kinase activation, and interleukin-6 production in primary human keratinocytes. J Cell Biochem 2003: 89: 663-673.
20. Wong G, Gupta R, Dixon K M et al. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D and three low-calcemic analogs decrease UV-induced DNA damage via the rapid response pathway. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2004: 89-90: 567-570.
21. De Haes P, Garmyn M, Verstuyf A et al. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and analogues protect primary human keratinocytes against UVB-induced DNA damage. J Photochem Photobiol B 2005: 78: 141-148.
22. Gombard H F, Borregaard N, Koeffler H P. Human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) gene is a direct target of the vitamin D receptor and is strongly up-regulated in myeloid cells by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Faseb J 2005: 19: 1067-1077.
23. 3 is a direct inducer of antimicrobial peptide gene expression. J Immunol 2004: 173: 2909-2912.
24. Weber G, Heilborn J D, Chamorro Jimenez C I, Hammarsjö A, Törmä H, Ståhle M. Vitamin D induces the antimicrobial protein hCAP18 in human skin. J Invest Dermatol 2005: 124: 1080-1082.
25. Liu P T, Stenger S, Li H et al. Toll-like receptor triggering of a vitamin D-mediated human antimicrobial response. Science 2006: 311: 1770-1773.
26. Schauber J, Dorschner R A, Coda A B et al. Injury enhances TLR2 function and antimicrobial peptide expression through a vitamin D-dependent mechanism. J Clin Invest 2007: 117: 803-811.
27. Zanetti M. Cathelicidins, multifunctional peptides of the innate immunity. J Leukoc Biol 2004: 75: 3948.
28. Zaiou M, Nizet V, Gallo R L. Antimicrobial and protease inhibitory functions of the human cathelicidin (hCAP18/LL-37) prosequence. J Invest Dermatol 2003: 120: 810-816.
29. Frohm Nilsson M, Sandstedt B, Sørensen O, Weber G, Borregaard N, Ståhle-Bäckdahl M. The human cationic antimicrobial protein (hCAP18), a peptide antibiotic, is widely expressed in human squamous epithelia and colocalizes with interleukin-6. Infect Immun 1999: 67: 2561-2566.
30. Dorschner R A, Pestonjamasp V K, Tamakuwala S et al. Cutaneous injury induces the release of cathelicidin anti-microbial peptides active against group A Streptococcus. J Invest Dermatol 2001: 117: 9197.
31. Heilborn J D, Nilsson M F, Kratz G et al. The cathelicidin anti-microbial peptide LL-37 is involved in re-epithelialization of human skin wounds and is lacking in chronic ulcer epithelium. J Invest Dermatol 2003: 120: 379389.
32. Cannell J J, Vieth R, Umhau J C et al. Epidemic influenza and vitamin D. Epidemiol Infect 2006: 7: 1-12.
33. 3. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1998: 7: 391-395.
34. Giovannucci E. The epidemiology of vitamin D and cancer incidence and mortality: A review (United States). Cancer Causes Control 2005: 16: 83-95.
35. Garland C F, Comstock G W, Garland F C et al. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and colon cancer: Eight year prospective study. Lancet 1989: 2: 1176-1178.
36. Holick M F. Sunlight and vitamin D for bone health and prevention of autoimmune diseases, cancers, and cardiovascular disease. Am J Clin Nutr 2004: 80 (Suppl. 6): 1678S-1688S.
37. Gorham E D, Garland F C, Garland C F. Sunlight and breast cancer incidence in the USSR. Int J Epidemiol 1990: 19: 614-622.
38. Grant W B. An estimate of premature cancer mortality in the U.S. due to inadequate doses of solar ultraviolet-B radiation. Cancer 2002: 94: 1867-1875.
39. Berwick M, Kesler D. Ultraviolet radiation exposure, vitamin D, and cancer. Photochem Photobiol 2005: 81: 1261-1266.
40. Hoffman F. The Mortality of Cancer Throughout the World, (Appendix E). Newark, NJ: Prudential Press, 1915.
41. Peller S. Carcinogenesis as a means of reducing cancer mortality. Lancet 1936: 2: 552-556.
42. Apperly F L. The relation of solar radiation to cancer mortality in North America. Cancer Res 1941: 1: 191-195.
43. Berwick M, Armstrong B K, Ben-Porat L et al. Sun exposure and mortality from melanoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 2005: 97: 195-199.
44. Moan J, Porojnicu A C, Robsahm T E et al. Solar radiation, vitamin D and survival rate of colon cancer in Norway. J Photochem Photobiol B 2005: 78: 189-193.
45. Grant W B. The likely role of vitamin D from solar ultraviolet-B irradiance in increasing cancer survival. Anticancer Res 2006: 26: 2605-2614.
46. Zhou W, Suk R, Liu G et al. Vitamin D is associated with improved survival in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer patients. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2005: 14: 2303-2309.
47. Querings K, Girndt M, Geisel J, Georg T, Tilgen W, Reichrath J. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D deficiency in renal transplant recipients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006: 91: 526-529.
48. Querings K, Reichrath J. A plea for detection and treatment of vitamin D deficiency in patients under photoprotection, including patients with xeroderma pigmentosum and basal cell nevus syndrome. Cancer Causes Control 2004: 15: 219.
49. Vieth R. Vitamin D supplementation, 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations, and safety. Am J Clin Nutr 1999: 69: 842-856.
50. Bischoff-Ferrari H A, Giovannucci E, Willett W C, Dietrich T, Dawson-Hughes B. Estimation of optimal serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D for multiple health outcomes. Am J Clin Nutr 2006: 84: 18-28.
51. Gorham E D, Garland C F, Garland F C et al. Optimal vitamin D status for colorectal cancer prevention a quantitative meta analysis. Am J Prev Med 2007: 32: 210-216.
52. Vieth R. What is the optimal vitamin D status for health ? Prog Biophys Mol Biol 2006: 92: 26-32.
53. Vieth R. Critique of the considerations for establishing the tolerable upper intake level for vitamin D: Critical need for revision upwards. J Nutr 2006: 136: 1117-1122.
54. Dawson-Hughes B, Heaney R P, Holick M F, Lips P, Meunier P J, Vieth R. Estimates of optimal vitamin D status. Osteoporos Int 2005: 16: 713-716.
55. Holick M F. Vitamin D: Importance in the prevention of cancers, type 1 diabetes, heart disease, and osteoporosis. Am J Clin Nutr 2004: 79: 362-371.
56. Barger-Lux M J, Heaney R P, Dowell S, Chen T C, Holick M F. Vitamin D and its major metabolites: Serum levels after graded oral dosing in healthy men. Osteoporos Int 1998: 8: 222-230.
57. Vieth R. Why the optimal requirement for Vitamin D3 is probably much higher than what is officially recommended for adults. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2004: 89-90: 575-579.
58. Reichrath J. The challenge resulting from positive and negative effects of sunlight: How much solar UV exposure is appropriate to balance between risks of vitamin D deficiency and skin cancer ? Prog Biophys Mol Biol 2006: 92: 9-16.
59. Holick M F. Sunlight 'D'ilemma: Risk of skin cancer or bone disease and muscle weakness. Lancet 2001: 357: 961.
60. Webb A R, Kline L, Holick M F. Influence of season and latitude on the cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D3: Exposure to winter sunlight in Boston and Edmonton will not promote vitamin D3 synthesis in human skin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1988: 67: 373-378.
61. British Pediatric Association. Hypercalcemia in infants and vitamin D. BMJ 1956: 2: 149.
62. Reichrath J, Lehmann B, Carlberg C, Varani J, Zouboulis C C. Vitamins as hormones. Horm Metab Res 2007: 39: 71-84.