메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 2, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 207-212

The rationale for immunosuppressive therapy for HIV infection

Author keywords

HIV; Immune activation; Immunosuppressive therapy

Indexed keywords

ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; CYCLOSPORIN; PLACEBO; PREDNISONE; VIRUS RNA;

EID: 34250679775     PISSN: 1746630X     EISSN: 17466318     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/COH.0b013e3280b01848     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (2)

References (61)
  • 1
    • 33747122666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International AIDS Society - USA panel. Treatment for adult HIV infection: 2006 recommendations of the International AIDS Society - USA panel
    • Hammer SM, Saag MS, Schechter M, et al. International AIDS Society - USA panel. Treatment for adult HIV infection: 2006 recommendations of the International AIDS Society - USA panel. JAMA 2006; 296:827-843.
    • (2006) JAMA , vol.296 , pp. 827-843
    • Hammer, S.M.1    Saag, M.S.2    Schechter, M.3
  • 2
    • 1042300003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prognostic importance of changes in CD4+ cell count and HIV-1 RNA level in women after initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy
    • Anastos K, Barron Y, Cohen MH, et al. The prognostic importance of changes in CD4+ cell count and HIV-1 RNA level in women after initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy. Ann Intern Med 2004; 140:256-264.
    • (2004) Ann Intern Med , vol.140 , pp. 256-264
    • Anastos, K.1    Barron, Y.2    Cohen, M.H.3
  • 3
    • 0041327811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic importance of initial response in HIV-1 infected patients starting potent antiretroviral therapy: Analysis of prospective studies
    • Chene G, Sterne JA, May M, et al. Prognostic importance of initial response in HIV-1 infected patients starting potent antiretroviral therapy: analysis of prospective studies. Lancet 2003; 362:679-686.
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.362 , pp. 679-686
    • Chene, G.1    Sterne, J.A.2    May, M.3
  • 4
    • 0037080037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lundgren JD, Mocroft A, Gatell JM, et al. A clinically prognostic scoring system for patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy: results from the EuroSIDA study. J Infect Dis 2002; 185:178-187; Erratum appears in: J Infect Dis 2002; 186:145.
    • Lundgren JD, Mocroft A, Gatell JM, et al. A clinically prognostic scoring system for patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy: results from the EuroSIDA study. J Infect Dis 2002; 185:178-187; Erratum appears in: J Infect Dis 2002; 186:145.
  • 5
    • 0037165923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV long-term nonprogressors maintain brisk CD8 T cell responses to other viral antigens
    • Valdez H, Carlson NL, Post AB, et al. HIV long-term nonprogressors maintain brisk CD8 T cell responses to other viral antigens. AIDS 2002; 16:1113-1118.
    • (2002) AIDS , vol.16 , pp. 1113-1118
    • Valdez, H.1    Carlson, N.L.2    Post, A.B.3
  • 6
    • 0031957164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simian immunodeficiency virus replicates to high levels in Sooty mangabeys without inducing disease
    • Rey-Cuille MA, Berthier JL, Bomsel-Demontoy MC, et al. Simian immunodeficiency virus replicates to high levels in Sooty mangabeys without inducing disease. J Virol 1998; 72:3872-3886.
    • (1998) J Virol , vol.72 , pp. 3872-3886
    • Rey-Cuille, M.A.1    Berthier, J.L.2    Bomsel-Demontoy, M.C.3
  • 7
    • 0035121414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simian immunodeficiency virus replicates to high levels in naturally infected African green monkeys without inducing immunologic or neurologic disease
    • Broussard SR, Staprans SI, White R, et al. Simian immunodeficiency virus replicates to high levels in naturally infected African green monkeys without inducing immunologic or neurologic disease. J Virol 2001; 75:2262-2275.
    • (2001) J Virol , vol.75 , pp. 2262-2275
    • Broussard, S.R.1    Staprans, S.I.2    White, R.3
  • 9
    • 33749079234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rodriguez B, Sethi AK, Cheruvu VK, et al. Predictive value of plasma HIV RNA level on rate of CD4 T-cell decline in untreated HIV infection. JAMA 2006; 296:1498-1506. A potentially paradigm-shifting cohort analysis that found that the level of HIV-1 RNA in plasma has only minimal predictive value for the rate of decline of the CD4+ T-lymphocyte count in an individual patient infected with HIV-1.
    • Rodriguez B, Sethi AK, Cheruvu VK, et al. Predictive value of plasma HIV RNA level on rate of CD4 T-cell decline in untreated HIV infection. JAMA 2006; 296:1498-1506. A potentially paradigm-shifting cohort analysis that found that the level of HIV-1 RNA in plasma has only minimal predictive value for the rate of decline of the CD4+ T-lymphocyte count in an individual patient infected with HIV-1.
  • 10
    • 0032955651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shorter survival in advanced human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection is more closely associated with T lymphocyte activation than with plasma virus burden or virus chemokine coreceptor usage
    • Giorgi JV, Hultin LE, McKeating JA, et al. Shorter survival in advanced human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection is more closely associated with T lymphocyte activation than with plasma virus burden or virus chemokine coreceptor usage. J Infect Dis 1999; 179:859-870.
    • (1999) J Infect Dis , vol.179 , pp. 859-870
    • Giorgi, J.V.1    Hultin, L.E.2    McKeating, J.A.3
  • 11
    • 0030913366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitation of latent tissue reservoirs and total body load in HIV-1 infection
    • Chun T-W, Carruth L, Finzi D, et al. Quantitation of latent tissue reservoirs and total body load in HIV-1 infection. Nature 1997; 387:183-188.
    • (1997) Nature , vol.387 , pp. 183-188
    • Chun, T.-W.1    Carruth, L.2    Finzi, D.3
  • 12
    • 0027389013 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of human immunodeficiency virus-infected tissues by amplification and in situ hybridization reveals latent and permissive infections at single-cell resolution
    • Embretson J, Zupancic M, Beneke J, et al. Analysis of human immunodeficiency virus-infected tissues by amplification and in situ hybridization reveals latent and permissive infections at single-cell resolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1993; 90:357-361.
    • (1993) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.90 , pp. 357-361
    • Embretson, J.1    Zupancic, M.2    Beneke, J.3
  • 13
    • 0032128437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo analysis of Fas/FasL interactions in HIV-infected patients
    • Badley AD, Dockrell DH, Algeciras A, et al. In vivo analysis of Fas/FasL interactions in HIV-infected patients. J Clin Invest 1998; 102:79-87.
    • (1998) J Clin Invest , vol.102 , pp. 79-87
    • Badley, A.D.1    Dockrell, D.H.2    Algeciras, A.3
  • 14
    • 0028912254 scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis occurs predominantly in bystander cells and not in productively infected cells of HIV- and SIV-infected lymph nodes
    • Finkel TH, Tudor-Williams G, Banda NK, et al. Apoptosis occurs predominantly in bystander cells and not in productively infected cells of HIV- and SIV-infected lymph nodes. Nat Med 1995; 1:129-134.
    • (1995) Nat Med , vol.1 , pp. 129-134
    • Finkel, T.H.1    Tudor-Williams, G.2    Banda, N.K.3
  • 15
    • 0029034517 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of apoptosis in lymph nodes of HIV-infected persons: Intensity of apoptosis correlates with the general state of activation of the lymphoid tissue and not with stage of disease or viral burden
    • Muro-Cacho CA, Pantaleo G, Fauci AS. Analysis of apoptosis in lymph nodes of HIV-infected persons: intensity of apoptosis correlates with the general state of activation of the lymphoid tissue and not with stage of disease or viral burden. J Immunol 1995; 154:5555-5566.
    • (1995) J Immunol , vol.154 , pp. 5555-5566
    • Muro-Cacho, C.A.1    Pantaleo, G.2    Fauci, A.S.3
  • 16
    • 0027275945 scopus 로고
    • Lifespans of naive, memory and effector lymphocytes
    • Sprent J. Lifespans of naive, memory and effector lymphocytes. Curr Opin Immunol 1993; 5:433-438.
    • (1993) Curr Opin Immunol , vol.5 , pp. 433-438
    • Sprent, J.1
  • 17
    • 0026667222 scopus 로고
    • Programmed death of T cells in HIV-1 infection
    • Meyaard L, Otto SA, Jonker RR, et al. Programmed death of T cells in HIV-1 infection. Science 1992; 257:217-219.
    • (1992) Science , vol.257 , pp. 217-219
    • Meyaard, L.1    Otto, S.A.2    Jonker, R.R.3
  • 18
    • 0343920019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T-cell division in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection is mainly due to immune activation: A longitudinal analysis in patients before and during highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)
    • Hazenberg MD, Stuart JW, Otto SA, et al. T-cell division in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection is mainly due to immune activation: a longitudinal analysis in patients before and during highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Blood 2000; 95:249-255.
    • (2000) Blood , vol.95 , pp. 249-255
    • Hazenberg, M.D.1    Stuart, J.W.2    Otto, S.A.3
  • 19
    • 0032549086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid turnover of T lymphocytes in SIV-infected rhesus macaques
    • Mohri H, Bonhoeffer S, Monard S, et al. Rapid turnover of T lymphocytes in SIV-infected rhesus macaques. Science 1998; 279:1223-1227.
    • (1998) Science , vol.279 , pp. 1223-1227
    • Mohri, H.1    Bonhoeffer, S.2    Monard, S.3
  • 20
    • 0034304597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T cell depletion in HIV-1 infection: How CD4+ T cells go out of stock
    • Hazenberg MD, Hamann D, Schuitemaker H, Miedema F. T cell depletion in HIV-1 infection: how CD4+ T cells go out of stock. Nat Immunol 2000; 1:285-289.
    • (2000) Nat Immunol , vol.1 , pp. 285-289
    • Hazenberg, M.D.1    Hamann, D.2    Schuitemaker, H.3    Miedema, F.4
  • 21
    • 0035912232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dynamics of CD4+ T-cell depletion in HIV disease
    • McCune JM. The dynamics of CD4+ T-cell depletion in HIV disease. Nature 2001; 410:974-979.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.410 , pp. 974-979
    • McCune, J.M.1
  • 22
    • 0025941375 scopus 로고
    • Determinants of HIV disease progression: Six-year longitudinal study in the Edinburgh haemophilia/HIV cohort
    • Simmonds P, Beatson D, Cuthbert RJ, et al. Determinants of HIV disease progression: six-year longitudinal study in the Edinburgh haemophilia/HIV cohort. Lancet 1991; 338:1159-1163.
    • (1991) Lancet , vol.338 , pp. 1159-1163
    • Simmonds, P.1    Beatson, D.2    Cuthbert, R.J.3
  • 23
    • 0027304957 scopus 로고
    • Elevated levels of CD38+ CD8+ T cells in HIV infection add to the prognostic value of low CD4+ T cell levels: Results of 6 years of follow-up. The Los Angeles Center, Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
    • Giorgi JV, Liu Z, Hultin LE, et al. Elevated levels of CD38+ CD8+ T cells in HIV infection add to the prognostic value of low CD4+ T cell levels: results of 6 years of follow-up. The Los Angeles Center, Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1993; 6:904-912.
    • (1993) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.6 , pp. 904-912
    • Giorgi, J.V.1    Liu, Z.2    Hultin, L.E.3
  • 24
    • 8944259909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased numbers of primed activated CD8+CD38+CD45RO+ T cells predict the decline of CD4+ T cells in HIV-1-infected patients
    • Bofill M, Mocroft A, Lipman M, et al. Increased numbers of primed activated CD8+CD38+CD45RO+ T cells predict the decline of CD4+ T cells in HIV-1-infected patients. AIDS 1996; 10:827-834.
    • (1996) AIDS , vol.10 , pp. 827-834
    • Bofill, M.1    Mocroft, A.2    Lipman, M.3
  • 25
    • 0025069873 scopus 로고
    • The prognostic value of cellular and serologic markers in infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1
    • Fahey JL, Taylor JM, Detels R, et al. The prognostic value of cellular and serologic markers in infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. N Engl J Med 1990; 322:166-172.
    • (1990) N Engl J Med , vol.322 , pp. 166-172
    • Fahey, J.L.1    Taylor, J.M.2    Detels, R.3
  • 26
    • 3843056825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune activation set point during early HIV infection predicts subsequent CD4+ T-cell changes independent of viral load
    • Deeks SG, Kitchen CM, Liu L, et al. Immune activation set point during early HIV infection predicts subsequent CD4+ T-cell changes independent of viral load. Blood 2004; 104:942-947.
    • (2004) Blood , vol.104 , pp. 942-947
    • Deeks, S.G.1    Kitchen, C.M.2    Liu, L.3
  • 27
    • 0028344901 scopus 로고
    • Soluble receptors for tumor necrosis factor as predictors of progression to AIDS in asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection
    • Godfried MH, van der Poll T, Weverling GJ, et al. Soluble receptors for tumor necrosis factor as predictors of progression to AIDS in asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. J Infect Dis 1994; 169:739-745.
    • (1994) J Infect Dis , vol.169 , pp. 739-745
    • Godfried, M.H.1    van der Poll, T.2    Weverling, G.J.3
  • 28
    • 0030296341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secretion of IFN-gamma, IL-6, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and IL-10 cytokines after activation of human purified T lymphocytes upon CD38 ligation
    • Ausiello CM, la Sala A, Ramoni C, et al. Secretion of IFN-gamma, IL-6, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and IL-10 cytokines after activation of human purified T lymphocytes upon CD38 ligation. Cell Immunol 1996; 173:192-197.
    • (1996) Cell Immunol , vol.173 , pp. 192-197
    • Ausiello, C.M.1    la Sala, A.2    Ramoni, C.3
  • 29
    • 0031751647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation and cell cycle antigens in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells correlate with plasma human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) RNA level in HIV-1 infection
    • Orendi JM, Bloem AC, Borleffs JC, et al. Activation and cell cycle antigens in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells correlate with plasma human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) RNA level in HIV-1 infection. J Infect Dis 1998; 178:1279-1287.
    • (1998) J Infect Dis , vol.178 , pp. 1279-1287
    • Orendi, J.M.1    Bloem, A.C.2    Borleffs, J.C.3
  • 30
    • 0023951060 scopus 로고
    • HLA haplotype A1 B8 DR3 as a risk factor for HIV-related disease
    • Steel CM, Ludlam CA, Beatson D, et al. HLA haplotype A1 B8 DR3 as a risk factor for HIV-related disease. Lancet 1988; 1:1185-1188.
    • (1988) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 1185-1188
    • Steel, C.M.1    Ludlam, C.A.2    Beatson, D.3
  • 31
    • 0037343278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonpathogenic SIV infection of Sooty mangabeys is characterized by limited bystander immunopathology despite chronic high-level viremia
    • Silvestri G, Sodora DL, Koup RA, et al. Nonpathogenic SIV infection of Sooty mangabeys is characterized by limited bystander immunopathology despite chronic high-level viremia. Immunity 2003; 18:441-452.
    • (2003) Immunity , vol.18 , pp. 441-452
    • Silvestri, G.1    Sodora, D.L.2    Koup, R.A.3
  • 32
    • 0024348839 scopus 로고
    • Spectrum of disease in macaque monkeys chronically infected with SIV/SMM
    • McClure HM, Anderson DC, Fultz PN, et al. Spectrum of disease in macaque monkeys chronically infected with SIV/SMM. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1989; 21:13-24.
    • (1989) Vet Immunol Immunopathol , vol.21 , pp. 13-24
    • McClure, H.M.1    Anderson, D.C.2    Fultz, P.N.3
  • 33
    • 0033972359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced immune activation and T cell apoptosis in human immunodeficiency virus type 2 compared with type 1: Correlation of T cell apoptosis with beta2 microglobulin concentration and disease evolution
    • Michel P, Balde AT, Roussilhon C, et al. Reduced immune activation and T cell apoptosis in human immunodeficiency virus type 2 compared with type 1: correlation of T cell apoptosis with beta2 microglobulin concentration and disease evolution. J Infect Dis 2000; 181:64-75.
    • (2000) J Infect Dis , vol.181 , pp. 64-75
    • Michel, P.1    Balde, A.T.2    Roussilhon, C.3
  • 34
    • 0035169609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased turnover of T lymphocytes in HIV-1 infection and its reduction by antiretroviral therapy
    • Mohri H, Perelson AS, Tung K, et al. Increased turnover of T lymphocytes in HIV-1 infection and its reduction by antiretroviral therapy. J Exp Med 2001; 194:1277-1287.
    • (2001) J Exp Med , vol.194 , pp. 1277-1287
    • Mohri, H.1    Perelson, A.S.2    Tung, K.3
  • 35
    • 0038701685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T cell activation is associated with lower CD4+ T cell gains in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with sustained viral suppression during antiretroviral therapy
    • Hunt PW, Martin JN, Sinclair E, et al. T cell activation is associated with lower CD4+ T cell gains in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with sustained viral suppression during antiretroviral therapy. J Infect Dis 2003; 187:1534-1543.
    • (2003) J Infect Dis , vol.187 , pp. 1534-1543
    • Hunt, P.W.1    Martin, J.N.2    Sinclair, E.3
  • 36
    • 33646883620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The independent effect of drug resistance on T cell activation in HIV infection
    • Hunt PW, Deeks SG, Bangsberg DR, et al. The independent effect of drug resistance on T cell activation in HIV infection. AIDS 2006; 20:691-699.
    • (2006) AIDS , vol.20 , pp. 691-699
    • Hunt, P.W.1    Deeks, S.G.2    Bangsberg, D.R.3
  • 37
    • 0030026189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The efficiency of acute infection of CD4+ T cells is markedly enhanced in the setting of antigen-specific immune activation
    • Weissman D, Barker TD, Fauci AS. The efficiency of acute infection of CD4+ T cells is markedly enhanced in the setting of antigen-specific immune activation. J Exp Med 1996; 183:687-692.
    • (1996) J Exp Med , vol.183 , pp. 687-692
    • Weissman, D.1    Barker, T.D.2    Fauci, A.S.3
  • 38
    • 0031042433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The HIV coreceptors CXCR4 and CCR5 are differentially expressed and regulated on human T lymphocytes
    • Bleul CC, Wu L, Hoxie JA, et al. The HIV coreceptors CXCR4 and CCR5 are differentially expressed and regulated on human T lymphocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94:1925-1930.
    • (1997) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.94 , pp. 1925-1930
    • Bleul, C.C.1    Wu, L.2    Hoxie, J.A.3
  • 39
    • 0031662093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of immune activation on the dynamics of human immunodeficiency virus replication and on the distribution of viral quasispecies
    • Ostrowski MA, Krakauer DC, Li Y, et al. Effect of immune activation on the dynamics of human immunodeficiency virus replication and on the distribution of viral quasispecies. J Virol 1998; 72:7772-7784.
    • (1998) J Virol , vol.72 , pp. 7772-7784
    • Ostrowski, M.A.1    Krakauer, D.C.2    Li, Y.3
  • 40
    • 33751515147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD4+ count-guided interruption of antiretroviral treatment
    • Strategies for Management of Antiretroviral Therapy (SMART) Study Group, An important study reporting the increased risk of cardiovascular and other metabolic toxicities from uncontrolled HIV viremia
    • Strategies for Management of Antiretroviral Therapy (SMART) Study Group, El-Sadr WM, Lundgren JD, et al. CD4+ count-guided interruption of antiretroviral treatment. N Engl J Med 2006; 355:2283-2296. An important study reporting the increased risk of cardiovascular and other metabolic toxicities from uncontrolled HIV viremia.
    • (2006) N Engl J Med , vol.355 , pp. 2283-2296
    • El-Sadr, W.M.1    Lundgren, J.D.2
  • 41
    • 0028874048 scopus 로고
    • Rapid turnover of plasma virions and CD4 lymphocytes in HIV-1 infection
    • Ho DD, Neumann AU, Perelson AS, et al. Rapid turnover of plasma virions and CD4 lymphocytes in HIV-1 infection. Nature 1995; 373:123-126.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.373 , pp. 123-126
    • Ho, D.D.1    Neumann, A.U.2    Perelson, A.S.3
  • 42
    • 20844450412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peripheral S-phase T cells in HIV disease have a central memory phenotype and rarely have evidence of recent T cell receptor engagement
    • Sieg SF, Rodriguez B, Asaad R, et al. Peripheral S-phase T cells in HIV disease have a central memory phenotype and rarely have evidence of recent T cell receptor engagement. J Infect Dis 2005; 192:62-70.
    • (2005) J Infect Dis , vol.192 , pp. 62-70
    • Sieg, S.F.1    Rodriguez, B.2    Asaad, R.3
  • 43
    • 0035848864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV-1 Nef inhibits ASK1-dependent death signalling providing a potential mechanism for protecting the infected host cell
    • Geleziunas R, Xu W, Takeda K. HIV-1 Nef inhibits ASK1-dependent death signalling providing a potential mechanism for protecting the infected host cell. Nature 2001; 410:834-838.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.410 , pp. 834-838
    • Geleziunas, R.1    Xu, W.2    Takeda, K.3
  • 44
    • 0029062573 scopus 로고
    • Induction of apoptosis in uninfected lymphocytes by HIV-1 Tat protein
    • Li CJ, Friedman DJ, Wang C, et al. Induction of apoptosis in uninfected lymphocytes by HIV-1 Tat protein. Science 1995; 268:429-431.
    • (1995) Science , vol.268 , pp. 429-431
    • Li, C.J.1    Friedman, D.J.2    Wang, C.3
  • 45
    • 0034054026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 vpr induces apoptosis through caspase activation
    • Stewart SA, Poon B, Song JY, Chen IS. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 vpr induces apoptosis through caspase activation. J Virol 2000; 74:3105-3111.
    • (2000) J Virol , vol.74 , pp. 3105-3111
    • Stewart, S.A.1    Poon, B.2    Song, J.Y.3    Chen, I.S.4
  • 46
    • 0029029058 scopus 로고
    • Sensitization of T cells to CD95-mediated apoptosis by HIV-1 Tat and gp120
    • Westendorp MO, Frank R, Ochsenbauer C. Sensitization of T cells to CD95-mediated apoptosis by HIV-1 Tat and gp120. Nature 1995; 375:497-500.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.375 , pp. 497-500
    • Westendorp, M.O.1    Frank, R.2    Ochsenbauer, C.3
  • 47
    • 0035152177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Partial activation and induction of apoptosis in CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes by conformationally authentic noninfectious human immunodeficiency virus type 1
    • Esser MT, Bess JW Jr, Suryanarayana K, et al. Partial activation and induction of apoptosis in CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes by conformationally authentic noninfectious human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Virol 2001; 75:1152-1164.
    • (2001) J Virol , vol.75 , pp. 1152-1164
    • Esser, M.T.1    Bess Jr, J.W.2    Suryanarayana, K.3
  • 48
    • 0034973233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential incorporation of CD45, CD80 (B7-1), CD86 (B7-2), and major histocompatibility complex class I and II molecules into human immunodeficiency virus type 1 virions and microvesicles: Implications for viral pathogenesis and immune regulation
    • Esser MT, Graham DR, Coren LV, et al. Differential incorporation of CD45, CD80 (B7-1), CD86 (B7-2), and major histocompatibility complex class I and II molecules into human immunodeficiency virus type 1 virions and microvesicles: implications for viral pathogenesis and immune regulation. J Virol 2001; 75:6173-6182.
    • (2001) J Virol , vol.75 , pp. 6173-6182
    • Esser, M.T.1    Graham, D.R.2    Coren, L.V.3
  • 49
    • 20144387661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-inflammatory profiles during primary SIV infection in African green monkeys are associated with protection against AIDS
    • Kornfeld C, Ploquin MJ, Pandrea I, et al. Anti-inflammatory profiles during primary SIV infection in African green monkeys are associated with protection against AIDS. J Clin Invest 2005; 115:1082-1091.
    • (2005) J Clin Invest , vol.115 , pp. 1082-1091
    • Kornfeld, C.1    Ploquin, M.J.2    Pandrea, I.3
  • 50
    • 33144476838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Premature induction of an immunosuppressive regulatory T cell response during acute simian immunodeficiency virus infection
    • A paper highlighting the importance of the T-regulatory cell in controlling the immune reponse
    • Estes JD, Li Q, Reynolds MR, et al. Premature induction of an immunosuppressive regulatory T cell response during acute simian immunodeficiency virus infection. J Infect Dis 2006; 193:703-712. A paper highlighting the importance of the T-regulatory cell in controlling the immune reponse.
    • (2006) J Infect Dis , vol.193 , pp. 703-712
    • Estes, J.D.1    Li, Q.2    Reynolds, M.R.3
  • 51
    • 0036801658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Collagen deposition in HIV-1 infected lymphatic tissues and T cell homeostasis
    • Schacker TW, Nguyen PL, Beilman GJ, et al. Collagen deposition in HIV-1 infected lymphatic tissues and T cell homeostasis. J Clin Invest 2002; 110:1133-1139.
    • (2002) J Clin Invest , vol.110 , pp. 1133-1139
    • Schacker, T.W.1    Nguyen, P.L.2    Beilman, G.J.3
  • 52
    • 33845429615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lederman MM, Smeaton L, Smith KY, et al. Cyclosporin A provides no sustained immunologic benefit to persons with chronic HIV-1 infection starting suppressive antiretroviral therapy: results of a randomized, controlled trial of the AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5138. J Infect Dis 2006; 194:1677-1685. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of cyclosporine in HIV infection. Although the results were negative, the discussion provides a compelling rationale to forge ahead in this line of research.
    • Lederman MM, Smeaton L, Smith KY, et al. Cyclosporin A provides no sustained immunologic benefit to persons with chronic HIV-1 infection starting suppressive antiretroviral therapy: results of a randomized, controlled trial of the AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5138. J Infect Dis 2006; 194:1677-1685. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of cyclosporine in HIV infection. Although the results were negative, the discussion provides a compelling rationale to forge ahead in this line of research.
  • 53
    • 0142092389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe CD4+ T-cell depletion in gut lymphoid tissue during primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection and substantial delay in restoration following highly active antiretroviral therapy
    • Guadalupe M, Reay E, Sankaran S, et al. Severe CD4+ T-cell depletion in gut lymphoid tissue during primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection and substantial delay in restoration following highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Virol 2003; 77:11708-11717.
    • (2003) J Virol , vol.77 , pp. 11708-11717
    • Guadalupe, M.1    Reay, E.2    Sankaran, S.3
  • 54
    • 4644289983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary HIV-1 infection is associated with preferential depletion of CD4+ T lymphocytes from effector sites in the gastrointestinal tract
    • Mehandru S, Poles MA, Tenner-Racz K, et al. Primary HIV-1 infection is associated with preferential depletion of CD4+ T lymphocytes from effector sites in the gastrointestinal tract. J Exp Med 2004; 200:761-770.
    • (2004) J Exp Med , vol.200 , pp. 761-770
    • Mehandru, S.1    Poles, M.A.2    Tenner-Racz, K.3
  • 55
    • 4644342929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD4+ T cell depletion during all stages of HIV disease occurs predominantly in the gastrointestinal tract
    • Brenchley JM, Schacker TW, Ruff LE, et al. CD4+ T cell depletion during all stages of HIV disease occurs predominantly in the gastrointestinal tract. J Exp Med 2004; 200:749-759.
    • (2004) J Exp Med , vol.200 , pp. 749-759
    • Brenchley, J.M.1    Schacker, T.W.2    Ruff, L.E.3
  • 56
    • 33645924682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV disease: Fallout from a mucosal catastrophe?
    • Brenchley JM, Price DA, Douek DC. HIV disease: fallout from a mucosal catastrophe? Nat Immunol 2006; 7:235-239.
    • (2006) Nat Immunol , vol.7 , pp. 235-239
    • Brenchley, J.M.1    Price, D.A.2    Douek, D.C.3
  • 57
    • 33845532053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brenchley JM, Price DA, Schacker TW, et al. Microbial translocation is a cause of systemic immune activation in chronic HIV infection. Nat Med 2006; 12:1365-1371. A paper reporting a radically different explanation for the pathogenesis of HIV-associated immune activation.
    • Brenchley JM, Price DA, Schacker TW, et al. Microbial translocation is a cause of systemic immune activation in chronic HIV infection. Nat Med 2006; 12:1365-1371. A paper reporting a radically different explanation for the pathogenesis of HIV-associated immune activation.
  • 58
    • 0035895656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Placebo-controlled trial of prednisone in advanced HIV-1 infection
    • McComsey GA, Whalen CC, Mawhorter SD, et al. Placebo-controlled trial of prednisone in advanced HIV-1 infection. AIDS 2001; 15:321-327.
    • (2001) AIDS , vol.15 , pp. 321-327
    • McComsey, G.A.1    Whalen, C.C.2    Mawhorter, S.D.3
  • 59
    • 0037339351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A study of the immunology, virology, and safety of prednisone in HIV-1-infected subjects with CD4 cell counts of 200 to 700 mm(-3)
    • Wallis RS, Kalayjian R, Jacobson JM, et al. A study of the immunology, virology, and safety of prednisone in HIV-1-infected subjects with CD4 cell counts of 200 to 700 mm(-3). J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2003; 32:281-286.
    • (2003) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.32 , pp. 281-286
    • Wallis, R.S.1    Kalayjian, R.2    Jacobson, J.M.3
  • 60
    • 0037008037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High prevalence of osteonecrosis of the femoral head in HIV-infected adults
    • Miller KD, Masur H, Jones E, et al. High prevalence of osteonecrosis of the femoral head in HIV-infected adults. Ann Intern Med 2002; 137:17-25.
    • (2002) Ann Intern Med , vol.137 , pp. 17-25
    • Miller, K.D.1    Masur, H.2    Jones, E.3
  • 61
    • 0036192919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of primary HIV-1 infection with cyclosporin A coupled with highly active antiretroviral therapy
    • Rizzardi GP, Harari A, Capiluppi B, et al. Treatment of primary HIV-1 infection with cyclosporin A coupled with highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Clin Invest 2002; 109:681-688.
    • (2002) J Clin Invest , vol.109 , pp. 681-688
    • Rizzardi, G.P.1    Harari, A.2    Capiluppi, B.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.