-
1
-
-
0035092524
-
The ups and downs of multiple sclerosis therapeutics
-
Hohlfeld R, Wiendl H. The ups and downs of multiple sclerosis therapeutics. Ann Neurol 2001; 49: 281-4
-
(2001)
Ann Neurol
, vol.49
, pp. 281-284
-
-
Hohlfeld, R.1
Wiendl, H.2
-
2
-
-
0013317152
-
Current disease-modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis
-
Kieseier BC, Hartung HP. Current disease-modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis. Semin Neurol 2003; 23: 133-46
-
(2003)
Semin Neurol
, vol.23
, pp. 133-146
-
-
Kieseier, B.C.1
Hartung, H.P.2
-
3
-
-
0037398419
-
Disease-modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis: An update on recent and ongoing trials and future strategies
-
Wiendl H, Kieseier BC. Disease-modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis: an update on recent and ongoing trials and future strategies. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2003; 12: 689-712
-
(2003)
Expert Opin Investig Drugs
, vol.12
, pp. 689-712
-
-
Wiendl, H.1
Kieseier, B.C.2
-
4
-
-
5144235394
-
Autoimmune concepts of multiple sclerosis as a basis for selective immunotherapy: From pipe dreams to (therapeutic) pipelines
-
Hohlfeld R, Wekerle H. Autoimmune concepts of multiple sclerosis as a basis for selective immunotherapy: from pipe dreams to (therapeutic) pipelines. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101: 14599-606
-
(2004)
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
, vol.101
, pp. 14599-14606
-
-
Hohlfeld, R.1
Wekerle, H.2
-
5
-
-
7644228161
-
New directions in MS therapeutics: Vehicles of hope
-
Fox RJ, Ransohoff RM. New directions in MS therapeutics: vehicles of hope. Trends Immunol 2004; 25: 632-6
-
(2004)
Trends Immunol
, vol.25
, pp. 632-636
-
-
Fox, R.J.1
Ransohoff, R.M.2
-
6
-
-
0036022681
-
Therapeutic approaches in multiple sclerosis: Lessons from failed and interrupted treatment trials
-
Wiendl H, Hohlfeld R. Therapeutic approaches in multiple sclerosis: lessons from failed and interrupted treatment trials. BioDrugs 2002; 16: 183-200
-
(2002)
BioDrugs
, vol.16
, pp. 183-200
-
-
Wiendl, H.1
Hohlfeld, R.2
-
8
-
-
33644607018
-
Multiple sclerosis: The plaque and its pathogenesis
-
Frohman EM, Racke MK, Raine CS. Multiple sclerosis: the plaque and its pathogenesis. N Engl J Med 2006; 354: 942-55
-
(2006)
N Engl J Med
, vol.354
, pp. 942-955
-
-
Frohman, E.M.1
Racke, M.K.2
Raine, C.S.3
-
10
-
-
0036546066
-
New concepts in the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis
-
Hemmer B, Archelos JJ, Hartung HP. New concepts in the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Nat Rev Neurosci 2002; 3: 291-301
-
(2002)
Nat Rev Neurosci
, vol.3
, pp. 291-301
-
-
Hemmer, B.1
Archelos, J.J.2
Hartung, H.P.3
-
12
-
-
17644396349
-
Immunology of multiple sclerosis
-
Sospedra M, Martin R. Immunology of multiple sclerosis. Annu Rev Immunol 2005; 23: 683-747
-
(2005)
Annu Rev Immunol
, vol.23
, pp. 683-747
-
-
Sospedra, M.1
Martin, R.2
-
13
-
-
0030989875
-
Biotechnological agents for the immunotherapy of multiple sclerosis: Principles, problems and perspectives
-
Hohlfeld R. Biotechnological agents for the immunotherapy of multiple sclerosis: principles, problems and perspectives. Brain 1997; 120: 865-916
-
(1997)
Brain
, vol.120
, pp. 865-916
-
-
Hohlfeld, R.1
-
14
-
-
0035554898
-
Multiple sclerosis: A two-stage disease
-
Steinman L. Multiple sclerosis: a two-stage disease. Nat Immunol 2001; 2: 762-4
-
(2001)
Nat Immunol
, vol.2
, pp. 762-764
-
-
Steinman, L.1
-
15
-
-
0035096330
-
Heterogeneity of multiple sclerosis pathogenesis: Implications for diagnosis and therapy
-
Lassmann H, Bruck W, Lucchinetti C. Heterogeneity of multiple sclerosis pathogenesis: implications for diagnosis and therapy. Trends Mol Med 2001; 7: 115-21
-
(2001)
Trends Mol Med
, vol.7
, pp. 115-121
-
-
Lassmann, H.1
Bruck, W.2
Lucchinetti, C.3
-
16
-
-
0034120945
-
The role of B cells and autoantibodies in multiple sclerosis
-
Archelos JJ, Storch MK, Hartung HP. The role of B cells and autoantibodies in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2000; 47: 694-706
-
(2000)
Ann Neurol
, vol.47
, pp. 694-706
-
-
Archelos, J.J.1
Storch, M.K.2
Hartung, H.P.3
-
17
-
-
0034992601
-
Axonal and neuronal degeneration in multiple sclerosis: Mechanisms and functional consequences
-
Bjartmar C, Trapp BD. Axonal and neuronal degeneration in multiple sclerosis: mechanisms and functional consequences. Curr Opin Neurol 2001; 14: 271-8
-
(2001)
Curr Opin Neurol
, vol.14
, pp. 271-278
-
-
Bjartmar, C.1
Trapp, B.D.2
-
18
-
-
0033486001
-
Immune (dys)regulation in multiple sclerosis: Role of the CD95-CD95 ligand system
-
Zipp F, Krammer PH, Weller M. Immune (dys)regulation in multiple sclerosis: role of the CD95-CD95 ligand system. Immunol Today 1999; 20: 550-4
-
(1999)
Immunol Today
, vol.20
, pp. 550-554
-
-
Zipp, F.1
Krammer, P.H.2
Weller, M.3
-
19
-
-
0037167526
-
Differential mechanisms of action of interferon-beta and glatiramer acetate in MS
-
Yong VW. Differential mechanisms of action of interferon-beta and glatiramer acetate in MS. Neurology 2002; 59: 802-8
-
(2002)
Neurology
, vol.59
, pp. 802-808
-
-
Yong, V.W.1
-
20
-
-
0042624771
-
Oral interferon beta-1a in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A double-blind randomized study
-
Polman C, Barkhof F, Kappos L, et al. Oral interferon beta-1a in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a double-blind randomized study. Mult Scler 2003; 9: 342-8
-
(2003)
Mult Scler
, vol.9
, pp. 342-348
-
-
Polman, C.1
Barkhof, F.2
Kappos, L.3
-
21
-
-
23744480760
-
Glatiramer acetate in multiple sclerosis: Update on potential mechanisms of action
-
Farina C, Weber MS, Meinl E, et al. Glatiramer acetate in multiple sclerosis: update on potential mechanisms of action. Lancet Neurol 2005; 4: 567-75
-
(2005)
Lancet Neurol
, vol.4
, pp. 567-575
-
-
Farina, C.1
Weber, M.S.2
Meinl, E.3
-
22
-
-
32544449771
-
Effects of oral glatiramer acetate on clinical and MRI-monitored disease activity in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis: A multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study
-
Filippi M, Wolinsky JS, Comi G. Effects of oral glatiramer acetate on clinical and MRI-monitored disease activity in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis: a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study. Lancet Neurol 2006; 5: 213-20
-
(2006)
Lancet Neurol
, vol.5
, pp. 213-220
-
-
Filippi, M.1
Wolinsky, J.S.2
Comi, G.3
-
23
-
-
77949548845
-
-
Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, online, Available from URL:, Accessed May 1
-
Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. Copaxone® (glatiramer acetate for injection) [online]. Available from URL: http:// www.tevapharm.com/research/ products_ms.asp#Copaxone Injection [Accessed 2007 May 1]
-
(2007)
Copaxone® (glatiramer acetate for injection)
-
-
-
24
-
-
0030816046
-
New treatments and azathioprine in multiple sclerosis
-
Palace J, Rothwell P. New treatments and azathioprine in multiple sclerosis. Lancet 1997; 350: 261
-
(1997)
Lancet
, vol.350
, pp. 261
-
-
Palace, J.1
Rothwell, P.2
-
25
-
-
0025986898
-
Overview of azathioprine treatment in multiple sclerosis
-
Yudkin PL, Ellison GW, Ghezzi A, et al. Overview of azathioprine treatment in multiple sclerosis. Lancet 1991; 338: 1051-5
-
(1991)
Lancet
, vol.338
, pp. 1051-1055
-
-
Yudkin, P.L.1
Ellison, G.W.2
Ghezzi, A.3
-
26
-
-
28944446244
-
Efficacy of azathioprine on multiple sclerosis new brain lesions evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging
-
Massacesi L, Parigi A, Barilaro A, et al. Efficacy of azathioprine on multiple sclerosis new brain lesions evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging. Arch Neurol 2005; 62: 1843-7
-
(2005)
Arch Neurol
, vol.62
, pp. 1843-1847
-
-
Massacesi, L.1
Parigi, A.2
Barilaro, A.3
-
27
-
-
18544362086
-
Combination therapy with interferon beta-1b and azathioprine in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: A two-year pilot study
-
Fernandez O, Guerrero M, Mayorga C, et al. Combination therapy with interferon beta-1b and azathioprine in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: a two-year pilot study. J Neurol 2002; 249: 1058-62
-
(2002)
J Neurol
, vol.249
, pp. 1058-1062
-
-
Fernandez, O.1
Guerrero, M.2
Mayorga, C.3
-
28
-
-
0348047252
-
Azathioprine and interferon beta(1a) in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients: Increasing efficacy of combined treatment
-
Lus G, Romano F, Scuotto A, et al. Azathioprine and interferon beta(1a) in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients: increasing efficacy of combined treatment. Eur Neurol 2004; 51: 15-20
-
(2004)
Eur Neurol
, vol.51
, pp. 15-20
-
-
Lus, G.1
Romano, F.2
Scuotto, A.3
-
29
-
-
0038115303
-
Longitudinal MRI study: The effects of azathioprine in MS patients refractory to interferon beta-1b
-
Markovic-Plese S, Bielekova B, Kadom N, et al. Longitudinal MRI study: the effects of azathioprine in MS patients refractory to interferon beta-1b. Neurology 2003; 60: 1849-51
-
(2003)
Neurology
, vol.60
, pp. 1849-1851
-
-
Markovic-Plese, S.1
Bielekova, B.2
Kadom, N.3
-
30
-
-
34249790412
-
Efficacy results from a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of intramuscular interferon beta-1a, azathioprine, and corticosteroid combination therapy in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
-
Havrdova E, Zivadinov R, Krasensky J, et al. Efficacy results from a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of intramuscular interferon beta-1a, azathioprine, and corticosteroid combination therapy in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2006; 12 Suppl. 1: S11
-
(2006)
Mult Scler
, vol.12
, Issue.SUPPL. 1
-
-
Havrdova, E.1
Zivadinov, R.2
Krasensky, J.3
-
32
-
-
0028906384
-
Low-dose (7.5 mg) oral methotrexate reduces the rate of progression in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis
-
Goodkin DE, Rudick RA, VanderBrug Medendorp S, et al. Low-dose (7.5 mg) oral methotrexate reduces the rate of progression in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 1995; 37: 30-40
-
(1995)
Ann Neurol
, vol.37
, pp. 30-40
-
-
Goodkin, D.E.1
Rudick, R.A.2
VanderBrug Medendorp, S.3
-
33
-
-
0037154138
-
An open-label trial of combination therapy with interferon beta-1a and oral methotrexate in MS
-
Calabresi PA, Wilterdink JL, Rogg JM, et al. An open-label trial of combination therapy with interferon beta-1a and oral methotrexate in MS. Neurology 2002; 58: 314-7
-
(2002)
Neurology
, vol.58
, pp. 314-317
-
-
Calabresi, P.A.1
Wilterdink, J.L.2
Rogg, J.M.3
-
34
-
-
2342560435
-
Biochemical mechanisms of cyclosporine neurotoxicity
-
Serkova NJ, Christians U, Benet LZ. Biochemical mechanisms of cyclosporine neurotoxicity. Mol Interv 2004; 4: 97-107
-
(2004)
Mol Interv
, vol.4
, pp. 97-107
-
-
Serkova, N.J.1
Christians, U.2
Benet, L.Z.3
-
35
-
-
26644469263
-
Tacrolimus versus ciclosporin as primary immunosuppression for kidney transplant recipients: Meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomised trial data
-
Webster AC, Woodroffe RC, Taylor RS, et al. Tacrolimus versus ciclosporin as primary immunosuppression for kidney transplant recipients: meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomised trial data. BMJ 2005; 331: 810-21
-
(2005)
BMJ
, vol.331
, pp. 810-821
-
-
Webster, A.C.1
Woodroffe, R.C.2
Taylor, R.S.3
-
36
-
-
0023707296
-
Cyclosporine versus azathioprine in the long-term treatment of multiple sclerosis: Results of the German multicenter study
-
Kappos L, Patzold U, Dommasch D, et al. Cyclosporine versus azathioprine in the long-term treatment of multiple sclerosis: results of the German multicenter study. Ann Neurol 1988; 23: 56-63
-
(1988)
Ann Neurol
, vol.23
, pp. 56-63
-
-
Kappos, L.1
Patzold, U.2
Dommasch, D.3
-
37
-
-
0025345601
-
Efficacy and toxicity of cyclosporin in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis: A randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial
-
The Multiple Sclerosis Study Group
-
The Multiple Sclerosis Study Group. Efficacy and toxicity of cyclosporin in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Ann Neurol 1990; 27: 591-605
-
(1990)
Ann Neurol
, vol.27
, pp. 591-605
-
-
-
38
-
-
0008266721
-
Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging changes correlate in a clinical trial monitoring cyclosporine therapy for multiple sclerosis: The MS study group
-
Zhao GJ, Li DK, Wolinsky JS, et al. Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging changes correlate in a clinical trial monitoring cyclosporine therapy for multiple sclerosis: the MS study group. J Neuroimaging 1997; 7: 1-7
-
(1997)
J Neuroimaging
, vol.7
, pp. 1-7
-
-
Zhao, G.J.1
Li, D.K.2
Wolinsky, J.S.3
-
39
-
-
0037154192
-
Disease modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis: Report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the MS Council for Clinical Practice Guidelines
-
Goodin DS, Frohman EM, Garmany Jr GP, et al. Disease modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis: report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the MS Council for Clinical Practice Guidelines. Neurology 2002; 58: 169-78
-
(2002)
Neurology
, vol.58
, pp. 169-178
-
-
Goodin, D.S.1
Frohman, E.M.2
Garmany Jr, G.P.3
-
40
-
-
33748030791
-
Mycophenolate mofetil and tacrolimus: New therapeutic options in neuroimmunological diseases
-
Schneider-Gold C, Hartung HP, Gold R. Mycophenolate mofetil and tacrolimus: new therapeutic options in neuroimmunological diseases. Muscle Nerve 2006; 34: 284-91
-
(2006)
Muscle Nerve
, vol.34
, pp. 284-291
-
-
Schneider-Gold, C.1
Hartung, H.P.2
Gold, R.3
-
42
-
-
16244363050
-
Mycophenolate mofetil and neurological diseases
-
Vermersch P, Stojkovic T, de Seze J. Mycophenolate mofetil and neurological diseases. Lupus 2005; 14 Suppl. 1: S42-5
-
(2005)
Lupus
, vol.14
, Issue.SUPPL. 1
-
-
Vermersch, P.1
Stojkovic, T.2
de Seze, J.3
-
43
-
-
0034935149
-
Mycophenolate-mofetil in the treatment of refractory multiple sclerosis
-
Ahrens N, Salama A, Haas J. Mycophenolate-mofetil in the treatment of refractory multiple sclerosis. J Neurol 2001; 248: 713-4
-
(2001)
J Neurol
, vol.248
, pp. 713-714
-
-
Ahrens, N.1
Salama, A.2
Haas, J.3
-
44
-
-
33846165804
-
Combination of IFNbeta-1a (Avonex) and mycophenolate mofetil (Cellcept) in multiple sclerosis
-
Vermersch P, Waucquier N, Michelin E, et al. Combination of IFNbeta-1a (Avonex) and mycophenolate mofetil (Cellcept) in multiple sclerosis. Eur J Neurol 2007; 14: 85-9
-
(2007)
Eur J Neurol
, vol.14
, pp. 85-89
-
-
Vermersch, P.1
Waucquier, N.2
Michelin, E.3
-
45
-
-
0026799508
-
Cladribine (2-chlorodeoxyadenosine)
-
Beutler E. Cladribine (2-chlorodeoxyadenosine). Lancet 1992; 340: 952-6
-
(1992)
Lancet
, vol.340
, pp. 952-956
-
-
Beutler, E.1
-
46
-
-
27944443692
-
Cladribine for multiple sclerosis: Review and current status
-
Sipe JC. Cladribine for multiple sclerosis: review and current status. Expert Rev Neurother 2005; 5: 721-7
-
(2005)
Expert Rev Neurother
, vol.5
, pp. 721-727
-
-
Sipe, J.C.1
-
47
-
-
0029983154
-
The treatment of chronic progressive multiple sclerosis with cladribine
-
Beutler E, Sipe JC, Romine JS, et al. The treatment of chronic progressive multiple sclerosis with cladribine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996; 93: 1716-20
-
(1996)
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
, vol.93
, pp. 1716-1720
-
-
Beutler, E.1
Sipe, J.C.2
Romine, J.S.3
-
48
-
-
0028264426
-
Cladribine in treatment of chronic progressive multiple sclerosis
-
Sipe JC, Romine JS, Koziol JA, et al. Cladribine in treatment of chronic progressive multiple sclerosis. Lancet 1994; 344: 9-13
-
(1994)
Lancet
, vol.344
, pp. 9-13
-
-
Sipe, J.C.1
Romine, J.S.2
Koziol, J.A.3
-
49
-
-
0032908474
-
A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of cladribine in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
-
Romine JS, Sipe JC, Koziol JA, et al. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of cladribine in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Proc Assoc Am Physicians 1999; 111: 35-44
-
(1999)
Proc Assoc Am Physicians
, vol.111
, pp. 35-44
-
-
Romine, J.S.1
Sipe, J.C.2
Koziol, J.A.3
-
50
-
-
0030177978
-
Development of cladribine treatment in multiple sclerosis
-
Sipe JC, Romine JS, Koziol JA, et al. Development of cladribine treatment in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 1996; 1: 343-7
-
(1996)
Mult Scler
, vol.1
, pp. 343-347
-
-
Sipe, J.C.1
Romine, J.S.2
Koziol, J.A.3
-
51
-
-
0034642247
-
Whole brain volume changes in patients with progressive MS treated with cladribine
-
Filippi M, Rovaris M, Iannucci G, et al. Whole brain volume changes in patients with progressive MS treated with cladribine. Neurology 2000; 55: 1714-8
-
(2000)
Neurology
, vol.55
, pp. 1714-1718
-
-
Filippi, M.1
Rovaris, M.2
Iannucci, G.3
-
52
-
-
0034194016
-
The effect of cladribine on T(1) 'black hole' changes in progressive MS
-
Filippi M, Rovaris M, Rice GP, et al. The effect of cladribine on T(1) 'black hole' changes in progressive MS. J Neurol Sci 2000; 176: 42-4
-
(2000)
J Neurol Sci
, vol.176
, pp. 42-44
-
-
Filippi, M.1
Rovaris, M.2
Rice, G.P.3
-
53
-
-
0034646216
-
Cladribine and progressive MS: Clinical and MRI outcomes of a multicenter controlled trial. Cladribine MRI Study Group
-
Rice GP, Filippi M, Comi G. Cladribine and progressive MS: clinical and MRI outcomes of a multicenter controlled trial. Cladribine MRI Study Group. Neurology 2000; 54: 1145-55
-
(2000)
Neurology
, vol.54
, pp. 1145-1155
-
-
Rice, G.P.1
Filippi, M.2
Comi, G.3
-
54
-
-
33749636174
-
Cladribine: An investigational immunomodulatory agent for multiple sclerosis
-
Brousil JA, Roberts RJ, Schlein AL. Cladribine: an investigational immunomodulatory agent for multiple sclerosis. Ann Pharmacother 2006; 40: 1814-21
-
(2006)
Ann Pharmacother
, vol.40
, pp. 1814-1821
-
-
Brousil, J.A.1
Roberts, R.J.2
Schlein, A.L.3
-
55
-
-
34249775038
-
-
National Multiple Sclerosis Society, online, Available from URL:, Accessed Apr 12
-
National Multiple Sclerosis Society. Clinical trials in multiple sclerosis 2006: planned, in progress, recently completed [online]. Available from URL: http://www.nationalmssociety.org/docs/HOM/clinicaltrials.pdf [Accessed 2007 Apr 12]
-
(2007)
Clinical trials in multiple sclerosis 2006: Planned, in progress, recently completed
-
-
-
56
-
-
0038299000
-
Sirolimus: Its discovery, biological properties, and mechanism of action
-
Sehgal SN. Sirolimus: its discovery, biological properties, and mechanism of action. Transplant Proc 2003; 35 Suppl. 3: 7-14S
-
(2003)
Transplant Proc
, vol.35
, Issue.SUPPL. 3
-
-
Sehgal, S.N.1
-
58
-
-
33746637660
-
Current development of mTOR inhibitors as anticancer agents
-
Faivre S, Kroemer G, Raymond E. Current development of mTOR inhibitors as anticancer agents. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2006; 5 (8): 671-88
-
(2006)
Nat Rev Drug Discov
, vol.5
, Issue.8
, pp. 671-688
-
-
Faivre, S.1
Kroemer, G.2
Raymond, E.3
-
59
-
-
33747197773
-
New treatment approaches in metastatic renal cell carcinoma
-
Mancuso A, Sternberg CN. New treatment approaches in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Curr Opin Urol 2006; 16: 337-41
-
(2006)
Curr Opin Urol
, vol.16
, pp. 337-341
-
-
Mancuso, A.1
Sternberg, C.N.2
-
60
-
-
33847783332
-
The effect of oral temsirolimus on new magnetic resonance imaging scan lesions, brain atrophy, and the number of relapses in multiple sclerosis: Results from a randomised, controlled clinical trial
-
Kappos L, Barkhof F, Desmet A. The effect of oral temsirolimus on new magnetic resonance imaging scan lesions, brain atrophy, and the number of relapses in multiple sclerosis: results from a randomised, controlled clinical trial. J Neurol 2005; 252 Suppl. 2: S46
-
(2005)
J Neurol
, vol.252
, Issue.SUPPL. 2
-
-
Kappos, L.1
Barkhof, F.2
Desmet, A.3
-
61
-
-
33846298044
-
Update on the medical treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis
-
Hashkes PJ, Laxer RM. Update on the medical treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2006; 8: 450-8
-
(2006)
Curr Rheumatol Rep
, vol.8
, pp. 450-458
-
-
Hashkes, P.J.1
Laxer, R.M.2
-
62
-
-
7644223637
-
Modulation of effector cell functions in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by leflunomide: Mechanisms independent of pyrimidine depletion
-
Korn T, Magnus T, Toyka K, et al. Modulation of effector cell functions in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by leflunomide: mechanisms independent of pyrimidine depletion. J Leukoc Biol 2004; 76: 950-60
-
(2004)
J Leukoc Biol
, vol.76
, pp. 950-960
-
-
Korn, T.1
Magnus, T.2
Toyka, K.3
-
63
-
-
0035110698
-
Leflunomide Aventis Pharma
-
Kaplan MJ. Leflunomide Aventis Pharma. Curr Opin Investig Drugs 2001; 2: 222-30
-
(2001)
Curr Opin Investig Drugs
, vol.2
, pp. 222-230
-
-
Kaplan, M.J.1
-
64
-
-
0034840913
-
Suppression of experimental autoimmune neuritis by leflunomide
-
Korn T, Toyka K, Hartung HP, et al. Suppression of experimental autoimmune neuritis by leflunomide. Brain 2001; 124: 1791-802
-
(2001)
Brain
, vol.124
, pp. 1791-1802
-
-
Korn, T.1
Toyka, K.2
Hartung, H.P.3
-
65
-
-
2542538995
-
The efficacy of leflunomide monotherapy in rheumatoid arthritis: Towards the goals of disease modifying antirheumatic drug therapy
-
Smolen JS, Emery P, Kalden JR, et al. The efficacy of leflunomide monotherapy in rheumatoid arthritis: towards the goals of disease modifying antirheumatic drug therapy. J Rheumatol 2004; 71 Suppl.: 13-20
-
(2004)
J Rheumatol
, vol.71
, Issue.SUPPL.
, pp. 13-20
-
-
Smolen, J.S.1
Emery, P.2
Kalden, J.R.3
-
66
-
-
33645799680
-
A phase II study of the safety and efficacy of teriflunomide in multiple sclerosis with relapses
-
O'Connor PW, Li D, Freedman MS, et al. A phase II study of the safety and efficacy of teriflunomide in multiple sclerosis with relapses. Neurology 2006; 66: 894-900
-
(2006)
Neurology
, vol.66
, pp. 894-900
-
-
O'Connor, P.W.1
Li, D.2
Freedman, M.S.3
-
67
-
-
0036710356
-
The new orally active immunoregulator laquinimod (ABR-215062) effectively inhibits development and relapses of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
-
Brunmark C, Runstrom A, Ohlsson L, et al. The new orally active immunoregulator laquinimod (ABR-215062) effectively inhibits development and relapses of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol 2002; 130: 163-72
-
(2002)
J Neuroimmunol
, vol.130
, pp. 163-172
-
-
Brunmark, C.1
Runstrom, A.2
Ohlsson, L.3
-
68
-
-
11144357311
-
Synthesis and biological evaluation of new 1,2-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-3-quino-linecarboxamides for treatment of autoimmune disorders: Structure-activity relationship
-
Jonsson S, Andersson G, Fex T, et al. Synthesis and biological evaluation of new 1,2-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-3-quino-linecarboxamides for treatment of autoimmune disorders: structure-activity relationship. J Med Chem 2004; 47: 2075-88
-
(2004)
J Med Chem
, vol.47
, pp. 2075-2088
-
-
Jonsson, S.1
Andersson, G.2
Fex, T.3
-
69
-
-
33644936033
-
Inhibition of the development of chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by laquinimod (ABR-215062) in IFN-beta k.o. and wild type mice
-
Runstrom A, Leanderson T, Ohlsson L, et al. Inhibition of the development of chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by laquinimod (ABR-215062) in IFN-beta k.o. and wild type mice. J Neuroimmunol 2006; 173: 69-78
-
(2006)
J Neuroimmunol
, vol.173
, pp. 69-78
-
-
Runstrom, A.1
Leanderson, T.2
Ohlsson, L.3
-
70
-
-
4744340401
-
Laquinimod (ABR-215062) suppresses the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, modulates the Th1/Th2 balance and induces the Th3 cytokine TGF-beta in Lewis rats
-
Yang JS, Xu LY, Xiao BG, et al. Laquinimod (ABR-215062) suppresses the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, modulates the Th1/Th2 balance and induces the Th3 cytokine TGF-beta in Lewis rats. J Neuroimmunol 2004; 156: 3-9
-
(2004)
J Neuroimmunol
, vol.156
, pp. 3-9
-
-
Yang, J.S.1
Xu, L.Y.2
Xiao, B.G.3
-
71
-
-
0029838040
-
Linomide reduces the rate of active lesions in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
-
Andersen O, Lycke J, Tollesson PO, et al. Linomide reduces the rate of active lesions in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Neurology 1996; 47: 895-900
-
(1996)
Neurology
, vol.47
, pp. 895-900
-
-
Andersen, O.1
Lycke, J.2
Tollesson, P.O.3
-
72
-
-
0029832923
-
Treatment of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis with the immunomodulator linomide: A double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study with monthly magnetic resonance imaging evaluation
-
Karussis DM, Meiner Z, Lehmann D, et al. Treatment of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis with the immunomodulator linomide: a double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study with monthly magnetic resonance imaging evaluation. Neurology 1996; 47: 341-6
-
(1996)
Neurology
, vol.47
, pp. 341-346
-
-
Karussis, D.M.1
Meiner, Z.2
Lehmann, D.3
-
73
-
-
11144357311
-
Synthesis and biological evaluation of new 1,2-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-3-quino-linecarboxamides for treatment of autoimmune disorders: Structure-activity relationship
-
Jönsson S, Andersson G, Fex T, et al. Synthesis and biological evaluation of new 1,2-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-3-quino-linecarboxamides for treatment of autoimmune disorders: structure-activity relationship. J Med Chem 2004; 47: 2075-88
-
(2004)
J Med Chem
, vol.47
, pp. 2075-2088
-
-
Jönsson, S.1
Andersson, G.2
Fex, T.3
-
74
-
-
15244353263
-
Treatment with laquinimod reduces development of active MRI lesions in relapsing MS
-
Polman C, Barkhof F, Sandberg-Wollheim M, et al. Treatment with laquinimod reduces development of active MRI lesions in relapsing MS. Neurology 2005; 64: 987-91
-
(2005)
Neurology
, vol.64
, pp. 987-991
-
-
Polman, C.1
Barkhof, F.2
Sandberg-Wollheim, M.3
-
75
-
-
0036139840
-
Update on the therapeutic potential of PDE4 inhibitors
-
Dyke HJ, Montana JG. Update on the therapeutic potential of PDE4 inhibitors. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2002; 11: 1-13
-
(2002)
Expert Opin Investig Drugs
, vol.11
, pp. 1-13
-
-
Dyke, H.J.1
Montana, J.G.2
-
76
-
-
0034650812
-
Therapeutic potential of phosphodiesterase-4 and -3 inhibitors in Th1-mediated autoimmune diseases
-
Bielekova B, Lincoln A, McFarland H, et al. Therapeutic potential of phosphodiesterase-4 and -3 inhibitors in Th1-mediated autoimmune diseases. J Immunol 2000; 164: 1117-24
-
(2000)
J Immunol
, vol.164
, pp. 1117-1124
-
-
Bielekova, B.1
Lincoln, A.2
McFarland, H.3
-
77
-
-
0033103620
-
Ibudilast, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in Dark August rats
-
Fujimoto T, Sakoda S, Fujimura H, et al. Ibudilast, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in Dark August rats. J Neuroimmunol 1999; 95: 35-42
-
(1999)
J Neuroimmunol
, vol.95
, pp. 35-42
-
-
Fujimoto, T.1
Sakoda, S.2
Fujimura, H.3
-
78
-
-
0027446659
-
Selective elimination of macrophages by dichlormethylene diphosphonate-containing liposomes suppresses experimental autoimmune neuritis
-
Jung S, Huitinga I, Schmidt B, et al. Selective elimination of macrophages by dichlormethylene diphosphonate-containing liposomes suppresses experimental autoimmune neuritis. J Neurol Sci 1993; 119: 195-202
-
(1993)
J Neurol Sci
, vol.119
, pp. 195-202
-
-
Jung, S.1
Huitinga, I.2
Schmidt, B.3
-
79
-
-
0028955945
-
The antidepressant rolipram suppresses cytokine production and prevents autoimmune encephalomyelitis
-
Sommer N, Loschmann PA, Northoff GH, et al. The antidepressant rolipram suppresses cytokine production and prevents autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Nat Med 1995; 1: 244-8
-
(1995)
Nat Med
, vol.1
, pp. 244-248
-
-
Sommer, N.1
Loschmann, P.A.2
Northoff, G.H.3
-
80
-
-
4444245524
-
Ibudilast, a nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor, regulates Th1/Th2 balance and NKT cell subset in multiple sclerosis
-
Feng J, Misu T, Fujihara K, et al. Ibudilast, a nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor, regulates Th1/Th2 balance and NKT cell subset in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2004; 10: 494-8
-
(2004)
Mult Scler
, vol.10
, pp. 494-498
-
-
Feng, J.1
Misu, T.2
Fujihara, K.3
-
81
-
-
33747887690
-
The value of animal models for drug development in multiple sclerosis
-
Friese MA, Montalban X, Willcox N, et al. The value of animal models for drug development in multiple sclerosis. Brain 2006; 129 (Pt 8): 1940-52
-
(2006)
Brain
, vol.129
, Issue.PART 8
, pp. 1940-1952
-
-
Friese, M.A.1
Montalban, X.2
Willcox, N.3
-
82
-
-
1542498518
-
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma: Therapeutic target for diseases beyond diabetes: quo vadis?
-
Pershadsingh HA. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma: therapeutic target for diseases beyond diabetes: quo vadis? Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2004; 13: 215-28
-
(2004)
Expert Opin Investig Drugs
, vol.13
, pp. 215-228
-
-
Pershadsingh, H.A.1
-
83
-
-
0037458729
-
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma thiazolidinedione agonists increase glucose metabolism in astrocytes
-
Dello Russo C, Gavrilyuk V, Weinberg G, et al. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma thiazolidinedione agonists increase glucose metabolism in astrocytes. J Biol Chem 2003; 278: 5828-36
-
(2003)
J Biol Chem
, vol.278
, pp. 5828-5836
-
-
Dello Russo, C.1
Gavrilyuk, V.2
Weinberg, G.3
-
84
-
-
26244453309
-
Secondary prevention of macrovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes in the PROactive Study (PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macroVascular Events): A randomised controlled trial
-
Dormandy JA, Charbonnel B, Eckland DJ, et al. Secondary prevention of macrovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes in the PROactive Study (PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macroVascular Events): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2005; 366: 1279-89
-
(2005)
Lancet
, vol.366
, pp. 1279-1289
-
-
Dormandy, J.A.1
Charbonnel, B.2
Eckland, D.J.3
-
85
-
-
14844282813
-
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists inhibit the activation of microglia and astrocytes: Implications for multiple sclerosis
-
Storer PD, Xu J, Chavis J, et al. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists inhibit the activation of microglia and astrocytes: implications for multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2005; 161: 113-22
-
(2005)
J Neuroimmunol
, vol.161
, pp. 113-122
-
-
Storer, P.D.1
Xu, J.2
Chavis, J.3
-
86
-
-
0036499074
-
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
-
Diab A, Deng C, Smith JD, et al. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Immunol 2002; 168: 2508-15
-
(2002)
J Immunol
, vol.168
, pp. 2508-2515
-
-
Diab, A.1
Deng, C.2
Smith, J.D.3
-
87
-
-
0036260784
-
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists prevent experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
-
Feinstein DL, Galea E, Gavrilyuk V, et al. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists prevent experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Ann Neurol 2002; 51: 694-702
-
(2002)
Ann Neurol
, vol.51
, pp. 694-702
-
-
Feinstein, D.L.1
Galea, E.2
Gavrilyuk, V.3
-
88
-
-
26844468856
-
Proinflammatory stimulation and pioglitazone treatment regulate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy controls and multiple sclerosis patients
-
Klotz L, Schmidt M, Giese T, et al. Proinflammatory stimulation and pioglitazone treatment regulate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy controls and multiple sclerosis patients. J Immunol 2005; 175: 4948-55
-
(2005)
J Immunol
, vol.175
, pp. 4948-4955
-
-
Klotz, L.1
Schmidt, M.2
Giese, T.3
-
89
-
-
4344640378
-
-
Pershadsingh HA, Heneka MT, Saini R, et al. Effect of pioglitazone treatment in a patient with secondary multiple sclerosis. J Neuroinflammation. Epub 2004 Apr 20
-
Pershadsingh HA, Heneka MT, Saini R, et al. Effect of pioglitazone treatment in a patient with secondary multiple sclerosis. J Neuroinflammation. Epub 2004 Apr 20
-
-
-
-
90
-
-
34249777941
-
-
ClinicalTrials.gov, a service of the US National Institutes of Health. Pilot test of ACTOS in multiple sclerosis: safety and tolerability [online]. Available from URL: http://clinical trials.gov/ct/show/NCT00242177?order=1 [Accessed 2007 May 1]
-
ClinicalTrials.gov, a service of the US National Institutes of Health. Pilot test of ACTOS in multiple sclerosis: safety and tolerability [online]. Available from URL: http://clinical trials.gov/ct/show/NCT00242177?order=1 [Accessed 2007 May 1]
-
-
-
-
91
-
-
12344302306
-
FTY720: Mechanism of action and potential benefit in organ transplantation
-
Brinkmann V. FTY720: mechanism of action and potential benefit in organ transplantation. Yonsei Med J 2004; 45: 991-7
-
(2004)
Yonsei Med J
, vol.45
, pp. 991-997
-
-
Brinkmann, V.1
-
92
-
-
0037077308
-
The immune modulator FTY720 targets sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors
-
Brinkmann V, Davis MD, Heise CE, et al. The immune modulator FTY720 targets sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors. J Biol Chem 2002; 277: 21453-7
-
(2002)
J Biol Chem
, vol.277
, pp. 21453-21457
-
-
Brinkmann, V.1
Davis, M.D.2
Heise, C.E.3
-
93
-
-
28044462458
-
FTY720, a new class of immunomodulator, inhibits lymphocyte egress from secondary lymphoid tissues and thymus by agonistic activity at sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors
-
Chiba K. FTY720, a new class of immunomodulator, inhibits lymphocyte egress from secondary lymphoid tissues and thymus by agonistic activity at sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors. Pharmacol Ther 2005; 108: 308-19
-
(2005)
Pharmacol Ther
, vol.108
, pp. 308-319
-
-
Chiba, K.1
-
94
-
-
17644365138
-
Chemokines, sphingosine-1-phosphate, and cell migration in secondary lymphoid organs
-
Cyster JG. Chemokines, sphingosine-1-phosphate, and cell migration in secondary lymphoid organs. Annu Rev Immunol 2005; 23: 127-59
-
(2005)
Annu Rev Immunol
, vol.23
, pp. 127-159
-
-
Cyster, J.G.1
-
95
-
-
3142709457
-
FTY720-enhanced T cell homing is dependent on CCR2, CCR5, CCR7, and CXCR4: Evidence for distinct chemokine compartments
-
Yopp AC, Fu S, Honig SM, et al. FTY720-enhanced T cell homing is dependent on CCR2, CCR5, CCR7, and CXCR4: evidence for distinct chemokine compartments. J Immunol 2004; 173: 855-65
-
(2004)
J Immunol
, vol.173
, pp. 855-865
-
-
Yopp, A.C.1
Fu, S.2
Honig, S.M.3
-
96
-
-
14744287548
-
The immunomodulator FTY720 interferes with effector functions of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells
-
Muller H, Hofer S, Kaneider N, et al. The immunomodulator FTY720 interferes with effector functions of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Eur J Immunol 2005; 35: 533-45
-
(2005)
Eur J Immunol
, vol.35
, pp. 533-545
-
-
Muller, H.1
Hofer, S.2
Kaneider, N.3
-
97
-
-
0036205659
-
First human trial of FTY720, a novel immunomodulator, in stable renal transplant patients
-
Budde K, Schmouder RL, Brunkhorst R, et al. First human trial of FTY720, a novel immunomodulator, in stable renal transplant patients. J Am Soc Nephrol 2002; 13: 1073-83
-
(2002)
J Am Soc Nephrol
, vol.13
, pp. 1073-1083
-
-
Budde, K.1
Schmouder, R.L.2
Brunkhorst, R.3
-
98
-
-
0037379202
-
Amelioration of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats by FTY720 treatment
-
Fujino M, Funeshima N, Kitazawa Y, et al. Amelioration of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats by FTY720 treatment. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2003; 305: 70-7
-
(2003)
J Pharmacol Exp Ther
, vol.305
, pp. 70-77
-
-
Fujino, M.1
Funeshima, N.2
Kitazawa, Y.3
-
99
-
-
3042750654
-
Predictability of FTY720 efficacy in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by in vivo macrophage tracking: Clinical implications for ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging
-
Rausch M, Hiestand P, Foster CA, et al. Predictability of FTY720 efficacy in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by in vivo macrophage tracking: clinical implications for ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 2004; 20: 16-24
-
(2004)
J Magn Reson Imaging
, vol.20
, pp. 16-24
-
-
Rausch, M.1
Hiestand, P.2
Foster, C.A.3
-
100
-
-
3242683494
-
Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor agonists attenuate relapsing-remitting experimental autoimmune encephalitis in SJL mice
-
Webb M, Tham CS, Lin FF, et al. Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor agonists attenuate relapsing-remitting experimental autoimmune encephalitis in SJL mice. J Neuroimmunol 2004; 153: 108-21
-
(2004)
J Neuroimmunol
, vol.153
, pp. 108-121
-
-
Webb, M.1
Tham, C.S.2
Lin, F.F.3
-
101
-
-
77955799815
-
Oral fingolimod (FTY720) for relapsing multiple sclerosis
-
Kappos L, Antel J, Comi G, et al. Oral fingolimod (FTY720) for relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2006; 355: 1124-40
-
(2006)
N Engl J Med
, vol.355
, pp. 1124-1140
-
-
Kappos, L.1
Antel, J.2
Comi, G.3
-
102
-
-
33847768636
-
Oral FTY720 in relapsing MS: Results of the dose-blinded, active drug extension phase of a phase II study [abstract]
-
O'Connor PW, Antel J, Comi G. Oral FTY720 in relapsing MS: results of the dose-blinded, active drug extension phase of a phase II study [abstract]. Neurology 2006; 66: A123
-
(2006)
Neurology
, vol.66
-
-
O'Connor, P.W.1
Antel, J.2
Comi, G.3
-
103
-
-
33750736991
-
FTY720 (fingolimod) in renal transplantation
-
Budde K, Schutz M, Glander P, et al. FTY720 (fingolimod) in renal transplantation. Clin Transplant 2006; 20 Suppl. 17: 17-24
-
(2006)
Clin Transplant
, vol.20
, Issue.SUPPL. 17
, pp. 17-24
-
-
Budde, K.1
Schutz, M.2
Glander, P.3
-
104
-
-
33748695513
-
Fingolimod and sphingosine-1-phosphate: Modifiers of lymphocyte migration
-
Massberg S, von Andrian UH. Fingolimod and sphingosine-1-phosphate: modifiers of lymphocyte migration. N Engl J Med 2006; 355: 1088-91
-
(2006)
N Engl J Med
, vol.355
, pp. 1088-1091
-
-
Massberg, S.1
von Andrian, U.H.2
-
105
-
-
33745051595
-
Oral fumaric acid esters for the treatment of active multiple sclerosis: An open-label, baseline-controlled pilot study
-
Schimrigk S, Brune N, Hellwig K, et al. Oral fumaric acid esters for the treatment of active multiple sclerosis: an open-label, baseline-controlled pilot study. Eur J Neurol 2006; 13 (6): 604-10
-
(2006)
Eur J Neurol
, vol.13
, Issue.6
, pp. 604-610
-
-
Schimrigk, S.1
Brune, N.2
Hellwig, K.3
-
106
-
-
34248398986
-
BG00012, a novel oral fumarate, is effective in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
-
Kappos L, Miller D, MacManus DG, et al. BG00012, a novel oral fumarate, is effective in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2006; 12: S85
-
(2006)
Mult Scler
, vol.12
-
-
Kappos, L.1
Miller, D.2
MacManus, D.G.3
-
107
-
-
0034533147
-
Statins as a newly recognized type of immunomodulator
-
Kwak B, Mulhaupt F, Myit S, et al. Statins as a newly recognized type of immunomodulator. Nat Med 2000; 6: 1399-402
-
(2000)
Nat Med
, vol.6
, pp. 1399-1402
-
-
Kwak, B.1
Mulhaupt, F.2
Myit, S.3
-
109
-
-
0037451121
-
Treatment of relapsing paralysis in experimental encephalomyelitis by targeting Th1 cells through atorvastatin
-
Aktas O, Waiczies S, Smorodchenko A, et al. Treatment of relapsing paralysis in experimental encephalomyelitis by targeting Th1 cells through atorvastatin. J Exp Med 2003; 197: 725-33
-
(2003)
J Exp Med
, vol.197
, pp. 725-733
-
-
Aktas, O.1
Waiczies, S.2
Smorodchenko, A.3
-
110
-
-
24644456862
-
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor augments survival and differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitors in animal model of multiple sclerosis
-
Paintlia AS, Paintlia MK, Khan M, et al. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor augments survival and differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitors in animal model of multiple sclerosis. Faseb J 2005; 19: 1407-21
-
(2005)
Faseb J
, vol.19
, pp. 1407-1421
-
-
Paintlia, A.S.1
Paintlia, M.K.2
Khan, M.3
-
111
-
-
0037038402
-
The HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, atorvastatin, promotes a Th2 bias and reverses paralysis in central nervous system autoimmune disease
-
Youssef S, Stuve O, Patarroyo JC, et al. The HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, atorvastatin, promotes a Th2 bias and reverses paralysis in central nervous system autoimmune disease. Nature 2002; 420: 78-84
-
(2002)
Nature
, vol.420
, pp. 78-84
-
-
Youssef, S.1
Stuve, O.2
Patarroyo, J.C.3
-
112
-
-
10944240026
-
Other therapy options and future strategies for treating patients with multiple sclerosis
-
Rizvi SA, Bashir K. Other therapy options and future strategies for treating patients with multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2004; 63: S47-54
-
(2004)
Neurology
, vol.63
-
-
Rizvi, S.A.1
Bashir, K.2
-
113
-
-
2442561768
-
Oral simvastatin treatment in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
-
Vollmer T, Key L, Durkalski V, et al. Oral simvastatin treatment in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Lancet 2004; 363: 1607-8
-
(2004)
Lancet
, vol.363
, pp. 1607-1608
-
-
Vollmer, T.1
Key, L.2
Durkalski, V.3
-
114
-
-
33645518677
-
Immunomodulatory synergy by combination of atorvastatin and glatiramer acetate in treatment of CNS autoimmunity
-
Stuve O, Youssef S, Weber MS, et al. Immunomodulatory synergy by combination of atorvastatin and glatiramer acetate in treatment of CNS autoimmunity. J Clin Invest 2006; 116: 1037-44
-
(2006)
J Clin Invest
, vol.116
, pp. 1037-1044
-
-
Stuve, O.1
Youssef, S.2
Weber, M.S.3
-
115
-
-
0036791912
-
Treatment of multiple sclerosis with the pregnancy hormone estriol
-
Sicotte NL, Liva SM, Klutch R, et al. Treatment of multiple sclerosis with the pregnancy hormone estriol. Ann Neurol 2002; 52: 421-8
-
(2002)
Ann Neurol
, vol.52
, pp. 421-428
-
-
Sicotte, N.L.1
Liva, S.M.2
Klutch, R.3
-
116
-
-
0031930043
-
Uric acid, a natural scavenger of peroxynitrite, in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis
-
Hooper DC, Spitsin S, Kean RB, et al. Uric acid, a natural scavenger of peroxynitrite, in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95 (2): 675-80
-
(1998)
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
, vol.95
, Issue.2
, pp. 675-680
-
-
Hooper, D.C.1
Spitsin, S.2
Kean, R.B.3
-
117
-
-
0037058925
-
Therapeutic intervention in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by administration of uric acid precursors
-
Scott GS, Spitsin SV, Kean RB, et al. Therapeutic intervention in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by administration of uric acid precursors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002; 99: 16303-8
-
(2002)
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
, vol.99
, pp. 16303-16308
-
-
Scott, G.S.1
Spitsin, S.V.2
Kean, R.B.3
-
118
-
-
34249779693
-
-
ClinicalTrials.gov, a service of the US National Institutes of Health. Treatment of multiple sclerosis using over the counter inosine [online]. Available from URL: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ ct/show/NCT00067327?order=1 [Accessed 2007 May 1]
-
ClinicalTrials.gov, a service of the US National Institutes of Health. Treatment of multiple sclerosis using over the counter inosine [online]. Available from URL: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ ct/show/NCT00067327?order=1 [Accessed 2007 May 1]
-
-
-
-
119
-
-
0033033953
-
The role of integrins in immune-mediated diseases of the nervous system
-
Archelos JJ, Previtali SC, Hartung HP. The role of integrins in immune-mediated diseases of the nervous system. Trends Neurosci 1999; 22: 30-8
-
(1999)
Trends Neurosci
, vol.22
, pp. 30-38
-
-
Archelos, J.J.1
Previtali, S.C.2
Hartung, H.P.3
-
120
-
-
32144454172
-
The many roles of chemokines and chemokine receptors in inflammation
-
Charo IF, Ransohoff RM. The many roles of chemokines and chemokine receptors in inflammation. N Engl J Med 2006; 354: 610-21
-
(2006)
N Engl J Med
, vol.354
, pp. 610-621
-
-
Charo, I.F.1
Ransohoff, R.M.2
-
121
-
-
33644608613
-
Natalizumab plus interferon beta-1a for relapsing multiple sclerosis
-
Rudick RA, Stuart WH, Calabresi PA, et al. Natalizumab plus interferon beta-1a for relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2006; 354: 911-23
-
(2006)
N Engl J Med
, vol.354
, pp. 911-923
-
-
Rudick, R.A.1
Stuart, W.H.2
Calabresi, P.A.3
-
122
-
-
33644584352
-
A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of natalizumab for relapsing multiple sclerosis
-
Polman CH, O'Connor PW, Havrdova E, et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of natalizumab for relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2006; 354 (9): 899-910
-
(2006)
N Engl J Med
, vol.354
, Issue.9
, pp. 899-910
-
-
Polman, C.H.1
O'Connor, P.W.2
Havrdova, E.3
-
123
-
-
22844439662
-
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy complicating treatment with natalizumab and interferon beta-1a for multiple sclerosis
-
Kleinschmidt-DeMasters BK, Tyler KL. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy complicating treatment with natalizumab and interferon beta-1a for multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2005; 353: 369-74
-
(2005)
N Engl J Med
, vol.353
, pp. 369-374
-
-
Kleinschmidt-DeMasters, B.K.1
Tyler, K.L.2
-
124
-
-
22844445230
-
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient treated with natalizumab
-
Langer-Gould A, Atlas SW, Green AJ, et al. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient treated with natalizumab. N Engl J Med 2005; 353: 375-81
-
(2005)
N Engl J Med
, vol.353
, pp. 375-381
-
-
Langer-Gould, A.1
Atlas, S.W.2
Green, A.J.3
-
125
-
-
22844445587
-
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after natalizumab therapy for Crohn's disease
-
Van Assche G, Van Ranst M, Sciot R, et al. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after natalizumab therapy for Crohn's disease. N Engl J Med 2005; 353: 362-8
-
(2005)
N Engl J Med
, vol.353
, pp. 362-368
-
-
Van Assche, G.1
Van Ranst, M.2
Sciot, R.3
-
126
-
-
33644605483
-
Evaluation of patients treated with natalizumab for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
-
Yousry TA, Major EO, Ryschkewitsch C, et al. Evaluation of patients treated with natalizumab for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. N Engl J Med 2006; 354: 924-33
-
(2006)
N Engl J Med
, vol.354
, pp. 924-933
-
-
Yousry, T.A.1
Major, E.O.2
Ryschkewitsch, C.3
-
127
-
-
34249783282
-
-
and Drug Administration, online, Available from URL:, Accessed Mar 8
-
US Food and Drug Administration. Patient checklist [online]. Available from URL: http://www.fda.gov [Accessed 2007 Mar 8]
-
(2007)
Patient checklist
-
-
Food, U.S.1
-
128
-
-
34249817402
-
Natalizumab information
-
and Drug Administration, online, Available from URL:, Accessed Mar 8
-
US Food and Drug Administration. Natalizumab information. Risk minimization plan: summary of TOUCH [online]. Available from URL: http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/infopage/ natalizumab/riskMAP.pdf [Accessed 2007 Mar 8]
-
(2007)
Risk minimization plan: Summary of TOUCH
-
-
Food, U.S.1
-
129
-
-
34249803697
-
-
Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Food and Drug Administration, Cohen [online, Available from URL:, Accessed Mar 8
-
Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Food and Drug Administration. Letter to Dr Cohen [online]. Available from URL: http://www.fda.gov/cder/foi/ appletter/2006/125104s015LTR.pdf [Accessed 2007 Mar 8]
-
(2007)
Letter to Dr
-
-
-
130
-
-
34249807752
-
-
More fallout: Glaxo halts MS drug trial on Tysabri recall [online]. Available from URL: http://www.thisisms.com/article196.html [Accessed 2007 May 1]
-
More fallout: Glaxo halts MS drug trial on Tysabri recall [online]. Available from URL: http://www.thisisms.com/article196.html [Accessed 2007 May 1]
-
-
-
-
132
-
-
33845458609
-
Blockade of chemokine signaling in patients with multiple sclerosis
-
Zipp F, Hartung HP, Hillert J, et al. Blockade of chemokine signaling in patients with multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2006; 67 (10): 1880-3
-
(2006)
Neurology
, vol.67
, Issue.10
, pp. 1880-1883
-
-
Zipp, F.1
Hartung, H.P.2
Hillert, J.3
-
133
-
-
0034710362
-
The role of matrix metalloproteinases in autoimmune damage to the central and peripheral nervous system
-
Hartung HP, Kieseier BC. The role of matrix metalloproteinases in autoimmune damage to the central and peripheral nervous system. J Neuroimmunol 2000; 107: 140-7
-
(2000)
J Neuroimmunol
, vol.107
, pp. 140-147
-
-
Hartung, H.P.1
Kieseier, B.C.2
-
134
-
-
28644435880
-
Metalloproteinases: Mediators of pathology and regeneration in the CNS
-
Yong VW. Metalloproteinases: mediators of pathology and regeneration in the CNS. Nat Rev Neurosci 2005; 6: 931-44
-
(2005)
Nat Rev Neurosci
, vol.6
, pp. 931-944
-
-
Yong, V.W.1
-
135
-
-
0036260089
-
Targeting leukocyte MMPs and transmigration: Minocycline as a potential therapy for multiple sclerosis
-
Brundula V, Rewcastle NB, Metz LM, et al. Targeting leukocyte MMPs and transmigration: minocycline as a potential therapy for multiple sclerosis. Brain 2002; 125: 1297-308
-
(2002)
Brain
, vol.125
, pp. 1297-1308
-
-
Brundula, V.1
Rewcastle, N.B.2
Metz, L.M.3
-
136
-
-
0036157268
-
Inhibition of autoimmune encephalomyelitis by a tetracycline
-
Popovic N, Schubart A, Goetz BD, et al. Inhibition of autoimmune encephalomyelitis by a tetracycline. Ann Neurol 2002; 51: 215-23
-
(2002)
Ann Neurol
, vol.51
, pp. 215-223
-
-
Popovic, N.1
Schubart, A.2
Goetz, B.D.3
-
137
-
-
0033551546
-
Matrix metalloproteinases in inflammatory demyelination: Targets for treatment
-
Kieseier BC, Seifert T, Giovannoni G, et al. Matrix metalloproteinases in inflammatory demyelination: targets for treatment. Neurology 1999; 53: 20-5
-
(1999)
Neurology
, vol.53
, pp. 20-25
-
-
Kieseier, B.C.1
Seifert, T.2
Giovannoni, G.3
-
138
-
-
8844254741
-
The promise of minocycline in neurology
-
Yong VW, Wells J, Giuliani F, et al. The promise of minocycline in neurology. Lancet Neurol 2004; 3: 744-51
-
(2004)
Lancet Neurol
, vol.3
, pp. 744-751
-
-
Yong, V.W.1
Wells, J.2
Giuliani, F.3
-
139
-
-
11144354138
-
Minocycline reduces gadolinium-enhancing magnetic resonance imaging lesions in multiple sclerosis [letter]
-
Metz LM, Zhang Y, Yeung M, et al. Minocycline reduces gadolinium-enhancing magnetic resonance imaging lesions in multiple sclerosis [letter]. Ann Neurol 2004; 55: 756
-
(2004)
Ann Neurol
, vol.55
, pp. 756
-
-
Metz, L.M.1
Zhang, Y.2
Yeung, M.3
-
140
-
-
8444246830
-
Alpha lipoic acid inhibits human T-cell migration: Implications for multiple sclerosis
-
Marracci GH, McKeon GP, Marquardt WE, et al. Alpha lipoic acid inhibits human T-cell migration: implications for multiple sclerosis. J Neurosci Res 2004; 78: 362-70
-
(2004)
J Neurosci Res
, vol.78
, pp. 362-370
-
-
Marracci, G.H.1
McKeon, G.P.2
Marquardt, W.E.3
-
141
-
-
10744226446
-
Alpha-lipoic acid is effective in prevention and treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
-
Morini M, Roccatagliata L, Dell'Eva R, et al. Alpha-lipoic acid is effective in prevention and treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol 2004; 148: 146-53
-
(2004)
J Neuroimmunol
, vol.148
, pp. 146-153
-
-
Morini, M.1
Roccatagliata, L.2
Dell'Eva, R.3
-
142
-
-
15544390831
-
Lipoic acid in multiple sclerosis: A pilot study
-
Yadav V, Marracci G, Lovera J, et al. Lipoic acid in multiple sclerosis: a pilot study. Mult Scler 2005; 11: 159-65
-
(2005)
Mult Scler
, vol.11
, pp. 159-165
-
-
Yadav, V.1
Marracci, G.2
Lovera, J.3
|