메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 23, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 133-145

Current disease-modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis

Author keywords

Glatiramer acetate; Glucocorticosteroids; Interferon beta; Mitoxantrone; Multiple sclerosis

Indexed keywords

AZATHIOPRINE; BETA INTERFERON; BETA1A INTERFERON; CORTICOTROPIN; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; CYCLOSPORIN; DNA TOPOISOMERASE (ATP HYDROLYSING); GLATIRAMER; GLUCOCORTICOID; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; INTERFERON BETA SERINE; METHOTREXATE; METHYLPREDNISOLONE; MITOXANTRONE; NATALIZUMAB;

EID: 0013317152     PISSN: 02718235     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-41138     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (79)

References (99)
  • 1
    • 0036546066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New concepts in the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis
    • Hemmer B, Archelos JJ, Hartung HP. New concepts in the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Nature Rev Neurosci 2002;3:291-201
    • (2002) Nature Rev Neurosci , vol.3 , pp. 291-201
    • Hemmer, B.1    Archelos, J.J.2    Hartung, H.P.3
  • 2
    • 0037029424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis
    • Compston A, Coles A. Multiple sclerosis. Lancet 2002;359:1221-1231
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.359 , pp. 1221-1231
    • Compston, A.1    Coles, A.2
  • 5
    • 0034955141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recommended diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: Guidelines from the International Panel on the Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis
    • McDonald WI, Compston A, Edan G, et al. Recommended diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: guidelines from the International Panel on the Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2001;50:121-127
    • (2001) Ann Neurol , vol.50 , pp. 121-127
    • McDonald, W.I.1    Compston, A.2    Edan, G.3
  • 6
    • 0029913882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defining the clinical course of multiple sclerosis: Results of an internationai survey
    • National Multiple Sclerosis Society (USA) Advisory Committee on Clinical Trials of New Agents in Multiple Sclerosis
    • Lublin FD, Reingold SC. Defining the clinical course of multiple sclerosis: results of an internationai survey. National Multiple Sclerosis Society (USA) Advisory Committee on Clinical Trials of New Agents in Multiple Sclerosis. Neurology 1996;46:907-911
    • (1996) Neurology , vol.46 , pp. 907-911
    • Lublin, F.D.1    Reingold, S.C.2
  • 7
    • 0024504359 scopus 로고
    • The natural history of multiple sclerosis: A geographically based study I: Clinical course and disability
    • Weinshenker BG, Bass B, Rice GP, et al. The natural history of multiple sclerosis: a geographically based study I: clinical course and disability. Brain 1989;112:133-146
    • (1989) Brain , vol.112 , pp. 133-146
    • Weinshenker, B.G.1    Bass, B.2    Rice, G.P.3
  • 8
    • 0024796845 scopus 로고
    • The natural history of multiple sclerosis: A geographically based study II: Predictive value of the early clinical course
    • Weinshenker BG, Bass B, Rice GP, et al. The natural history of multiple sclerosis: a geographically based study II: predictive value of the early clinical course. Brain 1989;112:1419-1428
    • (1989) Brain , vol.112 , pp. 1419-1428
    • Weinshenker, B.G.1    Bass, B.2    Rice, G.P.3
  • 9
    • 0036022681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic approaches in multiple sclerosis: Lessons from failed and interrupted treatment trials
    • Wiendl H, Hohlfeld R. Therapeutic approaches in multiple sclerosis: lessons from failed and interrupted treatment trials. BioDrugs 2002;16:183-200
    • (2002) BioDrugs , vol.16 , pp. 183-200
    • Wiendl, H.1    Hohlfeld, R.2
  • 10
    • 0032794046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of multiple sclerosis: Recent trials and future perspectives
    • Noseworthy JH, Gold R, Hartung HP. Treatment of multiple sclerosis: recent trials and future perspectives. Curr Opin Neurol 1999;12:279-293
    • (1999) Curr Opin Neurol , vol.12 , pp. 279-293
    • Noseworthy, J.H.1    Gold, R.2    Hartung, H.P.3
  • 11
    • 0344987883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunomodulation in multiple sclerosis: From immunosuppression to neuroprotection
    • Neuhaus O, Archelos JJ, Hartung HP. Immunomodulation in multiple sclerosis: from immunosuppression to neuroprotection. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2003;24:131-138
    • (2003) Trends Pharmacol Sci , vol.24 , pp. 131-138
    • Neuhaus, O.1    Archelos, J.J.2    Hartung, H.P.3
  • 12
    • 0035796894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of action of glucocorticosteroid hormones: Possible implications for therapy of neuroimmunological disorders
    • Gold R, Buttgereit F, Toyka KV. Mechanism of action of glucocorticosteroid hormones: possible implications for therapy of neuroimmunological disorders. J Neuroimmunol 2001;117:1-8
    • (2001) J Neuroimmunol , vol.117 , pp. 1-8
    • Gold, R.1    Buttgereit, F.2    Toyka, K.V.3
  • 13
    • 0024361063 scopus 로고
    • Relative efficacy of intravenous methylprednisolone and ACTH in the treatment of acute relapse in MS
    • Thompson AJ, Kennard C, Swash M, et al. Relative efficacy of intravenous methylprednisolone and ACTH in the treatment of acute relapse in MS. Neurology 1989;39:969-971
    • (1989) Neurology , vol.39 , pp. 969-971
    • Thompson, A.J.1    Kennard, C.2    Swash, M.3
  • 14
  • 15
    • 0022633684 scopus 로고
    • High-dose intravenous methylprednisolone in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: Clinical-immunologic correlations
    • Durelli L, Cocito D, Riccio A, et al. High-dose intravenous methylprednisolone in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: clinical-immunologic correlations. Neurology 1986;36:238-243
    • (1986) Neurology , vol.36 , pp. 238-243
    • Durelli, L.1    Cocito, D.2    Riccio, A.3
  • 16
    • 0023194967 scopus 로고
    • A double-blind controlled trial of high dose methylprednisolone in patients with multiple sclerosis I: Clinical effects
    • Milligan NM, Newcombe R, Compston DA. A double-blind controlled trial of high dose methylprednisolone in patients with multiple sclerosis I: clinical effects. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1987;50:511-516
    • (1987) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.50 , pp. 511-516
    • Milligan, N.M.1    Newcombe, R.2    Compston, D.A.3
  • 17
    • 0344352481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of oral, high-dose methylprednisolone in attacks of MS
    • Sellebjerg F, Frederiksen JL, Nielsen PM, Olesen J. Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of oral, high-dose methylprednisolone in attacks of MS. Neurology 1998;51:529-534
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.51 , pp. 529-534
    • Sellebjerg, F.1    Frederiksen, J.L.2    Nielsen, P.M.3    Olesen, J.4
  • 18
    • 0027366991 scopus 로고
    • Methylprednisolone in multiple sclerosis: A comparison of oral with intravenous therapy at equivalent high dose
    • Alam SM, Kyriakides T, Lawden M, Newman PK. Methylprednisolone in multiple sclerosis: a comparison of oral with intravenous therapy at equivalent high dose. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1993;56:1219-1220
    • (1993) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.56 , pp. 1219-1220
    • Alam, S.M.1    Kyriakides, T.2    Lawden, M.3    Newman, P.K.4
  • 19
    • 0012065981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of acute relapses
    • Hawkins CP, Wolinsky JS, eds. Woburn, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann
    • Barnes D. Treatment of acute relapses. In: Hawkins CP, Wolinsky JS, eds. Principles of Treatment in Multiple Sclerosis. Woburn, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann; 2000:14-22
    • (2000) Principles of Treatment in Multiple Sclerosis , pp. 14-22
    • Barnes, D.1
  • 20
    • 0026586019 scopus 로고
    • A randomized, controlled trial of corticosteroids in the treatment of acute optic neuritis
    • The Optic Neuritis Study Group
    • Beck RW, Cleary PA, Anderson MM Jr, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of corticosteroids in the treatment of acute optic neuritis. The Optic Neuritis Study Group. N Engl J Med 1992;326:581-588
    • (1992) N Engl J Med , vol.326 , pp. 581-588
    • Beck, R.W.1    Cleary, P.A.2    Anderson M.M., Jr.3
  • 23
    • 0028292348 scopus 로고
    • Recovery of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis from suppression by short-term, high-dose intravenous prednisolone therapy in patients with MS
    • Wenning GK, Wietholter H, Schnauder G, Muller PH, Kanduth S, Renn W. Recovery of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis from suppression by short-term, high-dose intravenous prednisolone therapy in patients with MS. Acta Neurol Scand 1994;89:270-273
    • (1994) Acta Neurol Scand , vol.89 , pp. 270-273
    • Wenning, G.K.1    Wietholter, H.2    Schnauder, G.3    Muller, P.H.4    Kanduth, S.5    Renn, W.6
  • 24
    • 6844242340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of intravenous methylprednisolone on outcome in MRI-based prognostic subgroups in acute optic neuritis
    • Kapoor R, Miller DH, Jones SJ, et al. Effects of intravenous methylprednisolone on outcome in MRI-based prognostic subgroups in acute optic neuritis. Neurology 1998;50:230-237
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.50 , pp. 230-237
    • Kapoor, R.1    Miller, D.H.2    Jones, S.J.3
  • 25
    • 0344196949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, controlled trial of oral high-dose methylprednisolone in acute optic neuritis
    • Sellebjerg F, Nielsen HS, Frederiksen JL, Olesen J. A randomized, controlled trial of oral high-dose methylprednisolone in acute optic neuritis. Neurology 1999;52:1479-1484
    • (1999) Neurology , vol.52 , pp. 1479-1484
    • Sellebjerg, F.1    Nielsen, H.S.2    Frederiksen, J.L.3    Olesen, J.4
  • 26
    • 0030995211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised trial of oral and intravenous methylprednisolone in acute relapses of multiple sclerosis
    • Barnes D, Hughes RA, Morris RW, et al. Randomised trial of oral and intravenous methylprednisolone in acute relapses of multiple sclerosis. Lancet 1997;349:902-906
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.349 , pp. 902-906
    • Barnes, D.1    Hughes, R.A.2    Morris, R.W.3
  • 27
    • 0342906187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneity of multiple sclerosis lesions: Implications for the pathogenesis of demyelination
    • Lucchinetti C, Brück W, Parisi J, Scheithauer B, Rodriguez M, Lassmann H. Heterogeneity of multiple sclerosis lesions: implications for the pathogenesis of demyelination. Ann Neurol 2000;47:707-717
    • (2000) Ann Neurol , vol.47 , pp. 707-717
    • Lucchinetti, C.1    Brück, W.2    Parisi, J.3    Scheithauer, B.4    Rodriguez, M.5    Lassmann, H.6
  • 28
    • 0025913743 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative MRI changes in gadolinium-DTPA enhancement after high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone in multiple sclerosis
    • Barkhof F, Hommes OR, Scheltens P, Valk J. Quantitative MRI changes in gadolinium-DTPA enhancement after high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 1991;41:1219-1222
    • (1991) Neurology , vol.41 , pp. 1219-1222
    • Barkhof, F.1    Hommes, O.R.2    Scheltens, P.3    Valk, J.4
  • 29
    • 0031748060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized trial comparing two different high doses of methylprednisolone in MS: A clinical and MRI study
    • Oliveri RL, Valentino P, Russo C, et al. Randomized trial comparing two different high doses of methylprednisolone in MS: a clinical and MRI study. Neurology 1998;50:1833-1836
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.50 , pp. 1833-1836
    • Oliveri, R.L.1    Valentino, P.2    Russo, C.3
  • 30
    • 0037154192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disease modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis: Report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the MS Council for Clinical Practice Guidelines
    • Goodin DS, Frohman EM, Garmany GP Jr, et al. Disease modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis: report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the MS Council for Clinical Practice Guidelines. Neurology 2002;58:169-178
    • (2002) Neurology , vol.58 , pp. 169-178
    • Goodin, D.S.1    Frohman, E.M.2    Garmany G.P., Jr.3
  • 31
    • 0035033082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma exchange for severe attacks of inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system
    • Weinshenker BG. Plasma exchange for severe attacks of inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system. J Clin Apheresis 2001;16:39-42
    • (2001) J Clin Apheresis , vol.16 , pp. 39-42
    • Weinshenker, B.G.1
  • 33
    • 0032758846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized trial of plasma exchange in acute central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating disease
    • Weinshenker BG, O'Brien PC, Petterson TM, et al. A randomized trial of plasma exchange in acute central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating disease. Ann Neurol 1999;46:878-886
    • (1999) Ann Neurol , vol.46 , pp. 878-886
    • Weinshenker, B.G.1    O'Brien, P.C.2    Petterson, T.M.3
  • 34
    • 0034727059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intramuscular interferon beta-1a therapy initiated during a first demyelinating event in multiple sclerosis
    • CHAMPS Study Group
    • Jacobs LD, Beck RW, Simon JH, et al. Intramuscular interferon beta-1a therapy initiated during a first demyelinating event in multiple sclerosis. CHAMPS Study Group. N Engl J Med 2000;343:898-904
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.343 , pp. 898-904
    • Jacobs, L.D.1    Beck, R.W.2    Simon, J.H.3
  • 35
    • 0035912520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of early interferon treatment on conversion to definite multiple sclerosis: A randomised study
    • Comi G, Filippi M, Barkhof F, et al. Effect of early interferon treatment on conversion to definite multiple sclerosis: a randomised study. Lancet 2001;357:1576-1582
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.357 , pp. 1576-1582
    • Comi, G.1    Filippi, M.2    Barkhof, F.3
  • 36
    • 0036201067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interferon beta-1a for early multiple sclerosis: CHAMPS trial subgroup analyses
    • Beck RW, Chandler DL, Cole SR, et al. Interferon beta-1a for early multiple sclerosis: CHAMPS trial subgroup analyses. Ann Neurol 2002;51:481-490
    • (2002) Ann Neurol , vol.51 , pp. 481-490
    • Beck, R.W.1    Chandler, D.L.2    Cole, S.R.3
  • 37
    • 0033546636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The contribution of magnetic resonance imaging to the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis
    • Fazekas F, Barkhof F, Filippi M, et al. The contribution of magnetic resonance imaging to the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Neurology 1999;53:448-456
    • (1999) Neurology , vol.53 , pp. 448-456
    • Fazekas, F.1    Barkhof, F.2    Filippi, M.3
  • 38
    • 0036189054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of MRI as a surrogate outcome measure in multiple sclerosis
    • McFarland HF, Barkhof F, Antel J, Miller DH. The role of MRI as a surrogate outcome measure in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2002;8:40-51
    • (2002) Mult Scler , vol.8 , pp. 40-51
    • McFarland, H.F.1    Barkhof, F.2    Antel, J.3    Miller, D.H.4
  • 39
    • 0030832846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of MRI criteria at first presentation to predict conversion to clinically definite multiple sclerosis
    • Barkhof F, Filippi M, Miller DH, et al. Comparison of MRI criteria at first presentation to predict conversion to clinically definite multiple sclerosis. Brain 1997;120:2059-2069
    • (1997) Brain , vol.120 , pp. 2059-2069
    • Barkhof, F.1    Filippi, M.2    Miller, D.H.3
  • 40
    • 0034075237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolated demyelinating syndromes: Comparison of different MR imaging criteria to predict conversion to clinically definite multiple sclerosis
    • Tintore M, Rovira A, Martinez MJ, et al. Isolated demyelinating syndromes: comparison of different MR imaging criteria to predict conversion to clinically definite multiple sclerosis. AJNR Amo J Neuroradiol 2000;21:702-706
    • (2000) AJNR Amo J Neuroradiol , vol.21 , pp. 702-706
    • Tintore, M.1    Rovira, A.2    Martinez, M.J.3
  • 41
    • 0036292391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of the new McDonald criteria to patients with clinically isolated syndromes suggestive of multiple sclerosis
    • Dalton CM, Brex PA, Miszkiel KA, et al. Application of the new McDonald criteria to patients with clinically isolated syndromes suggestive of multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2002;52:47-53
    • (2002) Ann Neurol , vol.52 , pp. 47-53
    • Dalton, C.M.1    Brex, P.A.2    Miszkiel, K.A.3
  • 42
    • 0032860422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multisequence MRI in clinically isolated syndromes and the early development of MS
    • Brex PA, O'Riordan JI, Miszkiel KA, et al. Multisequence MRI in clinically isolated syndromes and the early development of MS. Neurology 1999;53:1184-1190
    • (1999) Neurology , vol.53 , pp. 1184-1190
    • Brex, P.A.1    O'Riordan, J.I.2    Miszkiel, K.A.3
  • 43
    • 0343307045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The 5-year risk of MS after optic neuritis: Experience of the optic neuritis treatment trial
    • Optic Neuritis Study Group. The 5-year risk of MS after optic neuritis: experience of the optic neuritis treatment trial. Neurology 1997;49:1404-1413
    • (1997) Neurology , vol.49 , pp. 1404-1413
  • 45
    • 0037044262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MRI predictors of early conversion to clinically definite MS in the CHAMPS placebo group
    • CHAMPS Study Group. MRI predictors of early conversion to clinically definite MS in the CHAMPS placebo group. Neurology 2002;59:998-1005
    • (2002) Neurology , vol.59 , pp. 998-1005
  • 46
    • 0035954361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PRISMS-4: Long-term efficacy of interferon-beta-1a in relapsing MS
    • PRISMS Study Group. PRISMS-4: long-term efficacy of interferon-beta-1a in relapsing MS. Neurology 2001;56:1628-1636
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.56 , pp. 1628-1636
  • 47
    • 0036189052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of interferon beta in multiple sclerosis: Rationale for early treatment and evidence for dose- and frequency-dependent effects on clinical response
    • Coyle PK, Hartung HP. Use of interferon beta in multiple sclerosis: rationale for early treatment and evidence for dose- and frequency-dependent effects on clinical response. Mult Scler 2002;8:2-9
    • (2002) Mult Scler , vol.8 , pp. 2-9
    • Coyle, P.K.1    Hartung, H.P.2
  • 48
    • 0008376732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interferon beta in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: Mechanisms of action
    • Yong VW, Chabot S, Stuve O, Williams G. Interferon beta in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: mechanisms of action. Neurology 1998;51:682-689
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.51 , pp. 682-689
    • Yong, V.W.1    Chabot, S.2    Stuve, O.3    Williams, G.4
  • 49
    • 0037167526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential mechanisms of action of interferon-beta and glatiramer acetate in MS
    • Yong VW. Differential mechanisms of action of interferon-beta and glatiramer acetate in MS. Neurology 2002;59:802-808
    • (2002) Neurology , vol.59 , pp. 802-808
    • Yong, V.W.1
  • 50
    • 0033551546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Matrix metalloproteinases in inflammatory demyelination: Targets for treatment
    • Kieseier BC, Seifert T, Giovannoni G, Hartung HP. Matrix metalloproteinases in inflammatory demyelination: targets for treatment. Neurology 1999;53:20-25
    • (1999) Neurology , vol.53 , pp. 20-25
    • Kieseier, B.C.1    Seifert, T.2    Giovannoni, G.3    Hartung, H.P.4
  • 51
    • 0027418515 scopus 로고
    • Interferon beta-1b is effective in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis I: Clinical results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • The IFNB Multiple Sclerosis Study Group. Interferon beta-1b is effective in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis I: clinical results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Neurology 1993;43:655-661
    • (1993) Neurology , vol.43 , pp. 655-661
  • 52
    • 0027521002 scopus 로고
    • Interferon beta-1b is effective in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis II: MRI analysis results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Paty DW, Li DK, UBC MS/MRI Study Group and the IFNB Multiple Sclerosis Study Group. Interferon beta-1b is effective in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis II: MRI analysis results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Neurology 1993;43:662-667
    • (1993) Neurology , vol.43 , pp. 662-667
    • Paty, D.W.1    Li, D.K.2
  • 53
    • 0029161628 scopus 로고
    • Interferon beta-1b in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: Final outcome of the randomized controlled trial
    • The IFNB Multiple Sclerosis Study Group and The University of British Columbia MS/MRI Analysis Group. Interferon beta-1b in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: final outcome of the randomized controlled trial. Neurology 1995;45:1277-1285
    • (1995) Neurology , vol.45 , pp. 1277-1285
  • 54
    • 6844250787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance studies of intramuscular interferon beta-1a for relapsing multiple sclerosis
    • The Multiple Sclerosis Collaborative Research Group
    • Simon JH, Jacobs LD, Campion M, et al. Magnetic resonance studies of intramuscular interferon beta-1a for relapsing multiple sclerosis. The Multiple Sclerosis Collaborative Research Group. Ann Neurol 1998;43:79-87
    • (1998) Ann Neurol , vol.43 , pp. 79-87
    • Simon, J.H.1    Jacobs, L.D.2    Campion, M.3
  • 55
    • 8544249096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of interferon beta-1a on neurologic disability in relapsing multiple sclerosis
    • The Multiple Sclerosis Collaborative Research Group (MSCRG)
    • Rudick RA, Goodkin DE, Jacobs LD, et al. Impact of interferon beta-1a on neurologic disability in relapsing multiple sclerosis. The Multiple Sclerosis Collaborative Research Group (MSCRG). Neurology 1997;49:358-363
    • (1997) Neurology , vol.49 , pp. 358-363
    • Rudick, R.A.1    Goodkin, D.E.2    Jacobs, L.D.3
  • 56
    • 0008678962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intramuscular interferon beta-1a for disease progression in relapsing multiple sclerosis
    • Jacobs LD, Cookfair DL, Rudick RA, et al. Intramuscular interferon beta-1a for disease progression in relapsing multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 1996;39:285-294
    • (1996) Ann Neurol , vol.39 , pp. 285-294
    • Jacobs, L.D.1    Cookfair, D.L.2    Rudick, R.A.3
  • 57
    • 0345601517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study of interferon beta-1a in relapsing/remitting multiple sclerosis
    • PRISMS Study Group. Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study of interferon beta-1a in relapsing/remitting multiple sclerosis. Lancet 1998;352:1498-1504
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , pp. 1498-1504
  • 58
    • 0032864616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance imaging results of the PRISMS trial - A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of interferon-beta 1a in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: Prevention of relapses and disability by interferon-beta 1a subcutaneously in multiple sclerosis
    • Li DK, Paty DW. Magnetic resonance imaging results of the PRISMS trial - a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of interferon-beta 1a in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: prevention of relapses and disability by interferon-beta 1a subcutaneously in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 1999;46:197-206
    • (1999) Ann Neurol , vol.46 , pp. 197-206
    • Li, D.K.1    Paty, D.W.2
  • 59
    • 0344809968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of interferon beta-1a dose response in relapsing-remitting MS: The OWIMS Study
    • The Once Weekly Interferon for MS Study Group. Evidence of interferon beta-1a dose response in relapsing-remitting MS: the OWIMS Study. Neurology 1999;11:679-686
    • (1999) Neurology , vol.11 , pp. 679-686
  • 60
    • 0037180468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, double-blind, dose-comparison study of weekly interferon beta-1a in relapsing MS
    • Clanet M, Radue EW, Kappos L, et al. A randomized, double-blind, dose-comparison study of weekly interferon beta-1a in relapsing MS. Neurology 2002;59:1507-1517
    • (2002) Neurology , vol.59 , pp. 1507-1517
    • Clanet, M.1    Radue, E.W.2    Kappos, L.3
  • 61
    • 0037181634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Every-other-day interferon beta-1b versus once-weekly interferon beta-1a for multiple sclerosis: Results of a 2-year prospective randomised multicentre study (INCOMIN)
    • Durelli L, Verdun E, Barbero P, et al. Every-other-day interferon beta-1b versus once-weekly interferon beta-1a for multiple sclerosis: results of a 2-year prospective randomised multicentre study (INCOMIN). Lancet 2002;359:1453-1460
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.359 , pp. 1453-1460
    • Durelli, L.1    Verdun, E.2    Barbero, P.3
  • 62
    • 0037010368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interferon beta-1a and beta-1b for treatment of multiple sclerosis
    • author reply 1428-1429
    • Benatar M. Interferon beta-1a and beta-1b for treatment of multiple sclerosis. Lancet 2002;360:1428; author reply 1428-1429
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.360 , pp. 1428
    • Benatar, M.1
  • 63
    • 0037180479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized, comparative study of interferon beta-1a treatment regimens in MS: The EVIDENCE Trial
    • Panitch H, Goodin DS, Francis G, et al. Randomized, comparative study of interferon beta-1a treatment regimens in MS: the EVIDENCE Trial. Neurology 2002;59:1496-1506
    • (2002) Neurology , vol.59 , pp. 1496-1506
    • Panitch, H.1    Goodin, D.S.2    Francis, G.3
  • 64
    • 0037180455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When marketing and science intersect: Do patients with MS benefit?
    • Lublin FD. When marketing and science intersect: do patients with MS benefit? Neurology 2002;59:1480-1481
    • (2002) Neurology , vol.59 , pp. 1480-1481
    • Lublin, F.D.1
  • 65
    • 0037435532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neutralizing antibodies during treatment of secondary progressive MS with interferon beta-1b
    • Polman C, Kappos L, White R, et al. Neutralizing antibodies during treatment of secondary progressive MS with interferon beta-1b. Neurology 2003;60:37-43
    • (2003) Neurology , vol.60 , pp. 37-43
    • Polman, C.1    Kappos, L.2    White, R.3
  • 66
    • 0036158851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monthly corticosteroids decrease neutralizing antibodies to IFNbeta1 b: A randomized trial in multiple sclerosis
    • Pozzilli C, Antonini G, Bagnato F, et al. Monthly corticosteroids decrease neutralizing antibodies to IFNbeta1 b: a randomized trial in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol 2002;249:50-56
    • (2002) J Neurol , vol.249 , pp. 50-56
    • Pozzilli, C.1    Antonini, G.2    Bagnato, F.3
  • 67
    • 0035957307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of action of glatiramer acetate in multiple sclerosis
    • Neuhaus O, Farina C, Wekerle H, Hohlfeld R. Mechanisms of action of glatiramer acetate in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2001;56:702-708
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.56 , pp. 702-708
    • Neuhaus, O.1    Farina, C.2    Wekerle, H.3    Hohlfeld, R.4
  • 68
    • 0029082566 scopus 로고
    • Copolymer 1 reduces relapse rate and improves disability in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: Results of a phase III multicenter, double-blind placebo-controlled trial
    • Johnson KP, Brooks BR, Cohen JA, et al. Copolymer 1 reduces relapse rate and improves disability in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: results of a phase III multicenter, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Neurology 1995;45:1268-1276
    • (1995) Neurology , vol.45 , pp. 1268-1276
    • Johnson, K.P.1    Brooks, B.R.2    Cohen, J.A.3
  • 69
    • 6844254570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extended use of glatiramer acetate (Copaxone) is well tolerated and maintains its clinical effect on multiple sclerosis relapse rate and degree of disability
    • Copolymer 1 Multiple Sclerosis Study Group
    • Johnson KP, Brooks BR, Cohen JA, et al. Extended use of glatiramer acetate (Copaxone) is well tolerated and maintains its clinical effect on multiple sclerosis relapse rate and degree of disability. Copolymer 1 Multiple Sclerosis Study Group. Neurology 1998;50:701-708
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.50 , pp. 701-708
    • Johnson, K.P.1    Brooks, B.R.2    Cohen, J.A.3
  • 70
    • 0035091667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European/Canadian multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of the effects of glatiramer acetate on magnetic resonance imaging-measured disease activity and burden in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis
    • European/Canadian Glatiramer Acetate Study Group
    • Comi G, Filippi M, Wolinsky JS. European/Canadian multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of the effects of glatiramer acetate on magnetic resonance imaging-measured disease activity and burden in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis. European/Canadian Glatiramer Acetate Study Group. Ann Neurol 2001;49:290-297
    • (2001) Ann Neurol , vol.49 , pp. 290-297
    • Comi, G.1    Filippi, M.2    Wolinsky, J.S.3
  • 71
    • 0037159225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Copaxone's effect on MRI-monitored disease in relapsing MS is reproducible and sustained
    • Wolinsky JS, Comi G, Filippi M, Ladkani D, Kadosh S, Shifroni G. Copaxone's effect on MRI-monitored disease in relapsing MS is reproducible and sustained. Neurology 2002;59:1284-1286
    • (2002) Neurology , vol.59 , pp. 1284-1286
    • Wolinsky, J.S.1    Comi, G.2    Filippi, M.3    Ladkani, D.4    Kadosh, S.5    Shifroni, G.6
  • 72
    • 0033842848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sustained clinical benefits of glatiramer acetate in relapsing multiple sclerosis patients observed for 6 years
    • Copolymer 1 Multiple Sclerosis Study Group
    • Johnson KP, Brooks BR, Ford CC, et al. Sustained clinical benefits of glatiramer acetate in relapsing multiple sclerosis patients observed for 6 years. Copolymer 1 Multiple Sclerosis Study Group. Mult Scler 2000;6:255-266
    • (2000) Mult Scler , vol.6 , pp. 255-266
    • Johnson, K.P.1    Brooks, B.R.2    Ford, C.C.3
  • 73
    • 0035179406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk-benefit assessment of glatiramer acetate in multiple sclerosis
    • Ziemssen T, Neuhaus O, Hohlfeld R. Risk-benefit assessment of glatiramer acetate in multiple sclerosis. Drug Saf 2001;24:979-990
    • (2001) Drug Saf , vol.24 , pp. 979-990
    • Ziemssen, T.1    Neuhaus, O.2    Hohlfeld, R.3
  • 74
    • 0035833931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of IV methylprednisolone on brain atrophy in relapsing-remitting MS
    • Zivadinov R, Rudick RA, De Masi R, et al. Effects of IV methylprednisolone on brain atrophy in relapsing-remitting MS. Neurology 2001;57:1239-1247
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.57 , pp. 1239-1247
    • Zivadinov, R.1    Rudick, R.A.2    De Masi, R.3
  • 75
    • 0031057970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised placebo-controlled trial of monthly intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
    • Austrian Immunoglobulin in Multiple Sclerosis Study Group
    • Fazekas F, Deisenhammer F, Strasser-Fuchs S, Nahler G, Mamoli B. Randomised placebo-controlled trial of monthly intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Austrian Immunoglobulin in Multiple Sclerosis Study Group. Lancet 1997;349:589-593
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.349 , pp. 589-593
    • Fazekas, F.1    Deisenhammer, F.2    Strasser-Fuchs, S.3    Nahler, G.4    Mamoli, B.5
  • 76
    • 0031911494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous immunoglobulin treatment in multiple sclerosis: Effect on relapses
    • Achiron A, Gabbay U, Gilad R, et al. Intravenous immunoglobulin treatment in multiple sclerosis: effect on relapses. Neurology 1998;50:398-402
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.50 , pp. 398-402
    • Achiron, A.1    Gabbay, U.2    Gilad, R.3
  • 77
    • 0031844370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous immunoglobulin G reduces MRI activity in relapsing multiple sclerosis
    • Sorensen PS, Wanscher B, Jensen CV, et al. Intravenous immunoglobulin G reduces MRI activity in relapsing multiple sclerosis. Neurology 1998;50:1273-1281
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.50 , pp. 1273-1281
    • Sorensen, P.S.1    Wanscher, B.2    Jensen, C.V.3
  • 78
    • 0036833722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No difference in efficacy of two different doses of intravenous immunoglobulins in MS: Clinical and MRI assessment
    • Lewanska M, Siger-Zajdel M, Selmaj K. No difference in efficacy of two different doses of intravenous immunoglobulins in MS: clinical and MRI assessment. Eur J Neurol 2002;9:565-572
    • (2002) Eur J Neurol , vol.9 , pp. 565-572
    • Lewanska, M.1    Siger-Zajdel, M.2    Selmaj, K.3
  • 79
    • 0036835646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous immunoglobulin G for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A meta-analysis
    • Sorensen PS, Fazekas F, Lee M. Intravenous immunoglobulin G for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a meta-analysis. Eur J Neurol 2002;9:557-563
    • (2002) Eur J Neurol , vol.9 , pp. 557-563
    • Sorensen, P.S.1    Fazekas, F.2    Lee, M.3
  • 80
    • 0037153729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitoxantrone in progressive multiple sclerosis: A placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomised, multicentre trial
    • Hartung HP, Gonsette R, Konig N, et al. Mitoxantrone in progressive multiple sclerosis: a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomised, multicentre trial. Lancet 2002;360:2018-2025
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.360 , pp. 2018-2025
    • Hartung, H.P.1    Gonsette, R.2    Konig, N.3
  • 81
    • 0031040238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic effect of mitoxantrone combined with methylprednisolone in multiple sclerosis: A randomised multicentre study of active disease using MRI and clinical criteria
    • Edan G, Miller D, Clanet M, et al. Therapeutic effect of mitoxantrone combined with methylprednisolone in multiple sclerosis: a randomised multicentre study of active disease using MRI and clinical criteria. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1997;62:112-118
    • (1997) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.62 , pp. 112-118
    • Edan, G.1    Miller, D.2    Clanet, M.3
  • 82
    • 8044242916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized placebo-controlled trial of mitoxantrone in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: 24-Month clinical and MRI outcome
    • Millefiorini E, Gasperini C, Pozzilli C, et al. Randomized placebo-controlled trial of mitoxantrone in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: 24-month clinical and MRI outcome. J Neurol 1997;244:153-159
    • (1997) J Neurol , vol.244 , pp. 153-159
    • Millefiorini, E.1    Gasperini, C.2    Pozzilli, C.3
  • 83
    • 0036783808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A study of therapy-related acute leukaemia after mitoxantrone therapy for multiple sclerosis
    • Ghalie RG, Mauch E, Edan G, et al. A study of therapy-related acute leukaemia after mitoxantrone therapy for multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2002;8:441-445
    • (2002) Mult Scler , vol.8 , pp. 441-445
    • Ghalie, R.G.1    Mauch, E.2    Edan, G.3
  • 84
    • 0037167538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac adverse effects associated with mitoxantrone (Novantrone) therapy in patients with MS
    • Ghalie RG, Edan G, Laurent M, et al. Cardiac adverse effects associated with mitoxantrone (Novantrone) therapy in patients with MS. Neurology 2002;59:909-913
    • (2002) Neurology , vol.59 , pp. 909-913
    • Ghalie, R.G.1    Edan, G.2    Laurent, M.3
  • 85
    • 0025986898 scopus 로고
    • Overview of azathioprine treatment in multiple sclerosis
    • Yudkin PL, Ellison GW, Ghezzi A, et al. Overview of azathioprine treatment in multiple sclerosis. Lancet 1991;338:1051-1055
    • (1991) Lancet , vol.338 , pp. 1051-1055
    • Yudkin, P.L.1    Ellison, G.W.2    Ghezzi, A.3
  • 86
    • 0037413467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Controlled trial of natalizumab for relapsing multiple sclerosis
    • Miller DH, Khan OA, Sheremata WA, et al. Controlled trial of natalizumab for relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2003;348:15-23
    • (2003) N Engl J Med , vol.348 , pp. 15-23
    • Miller, D.H.1    Khan, O.A.2    Sheremata, W.A.3
  • 87
    • 0037413240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alpha4 integrins as therapeutic targets in autoimmune disease
    • von Andrian UH, Engelhardt B. Alpha4 integrins as therapeutic targets in autoimmune disease. N Engl J Med 2003;348:68-72
    • (2003) N Engl J Med , vol.348 , pp. 68-72
    • Von Andrian, U.H.1    Engelhardt, B.2
  • 88
    • 0032494792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Placebo-controlled multicentre randomised trial of interferon beta-1b in treatment of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis
    • European Study Group on Interferon beta-1b in Secondary Progressive MS. Placebo-controlled multicentre randomised trial of interferon beta-1b in treatment of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Lancet 1998;352:1491-1497
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , pp. 1491-1497
  • 89
    • 0000784055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interferon beta-1b in secondary progressive MS: Clinical and MRI results of a 3-year randomized controlled trial
    • Goodkin DE, the North American Study Group on Interferon beta-1b in Secondary Progressive MS. Interferon beta-1b in secondary progressive MS: clinical and MRI results of a 3-year randomized controlled trial. Neurology 2000;54:2352
    • (2000) Neurology , vol.54 , pp. 2352
    • Goodkin, D.E.1
  • 90
    • 0035849496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized controlled trial of interferon-beta-1a in secondary progressive MS: Clinical results
    • SPECTRIMS Study Group. Randomized controlled trial of interferon-beta-1a in secondary progressive MS: clinical results. Neurology 2001;56:1496-1504
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.56 , pp. 1496-1504
  • 91
    • 0037056364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benefit of interferon beta-1a on MSFC progression in secondary progressive MS
    • Cohen JA, Cutter GR, Fischer JS, et al. Benefit of interferon beta-1a on MSFC progression in secondary progressive MS. Neurology 2002;59:679-687
    • (2002) Neurology , vol.59 , pp. 679-687
    • Cohen, J.A.1    Cutter, G.R.2    Fischer, J.S.3
  • 92
    • 0027196941 scopus 로고
    • Intermittent cyclophosphamide pulse therapy in progressive multiple sclerosis: Final report of the Northeast Cooperative Multiple Sclerosis Treatment Group
    • Weiner HL, Mackin GA, Orav EJ, et al. Intermittent cyclophosphamide pulse therapy in progressive multiple sclerosis: final report of the Northeast Cooperative Multiple Sclerosis Treatment Group. Neurology 1993;43:910-918
    • (1993) Neurology , vol.43 , pp. 910-918
    • Weiner, H.L.1    Mackin, G.A.2    Orav, E.J.3
  • 93
    • 0025967752 scopus 로고
    • The Canadian cooperative trial of cyclophosphamide and plasma exchange in progressive multiple sclerosis
    • The Canadian Cooperative Multiple Sclerosis Study Group. The Canadian cooperative trial of cyclophosphamide and plasma exchange in progressive multiple sclerosis. Lancet 1991;337:441-446
    • (1991) Lancet , vol.337 , pp. 441-446
  • 94
    • 0028906384 scopus 로고
    • Low-dose (7.5 mg) oral methotrexate reduces the rate of progression in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis
    • Goodkin DE, Rudick RA, VanderBrug Medendorp S, et al. Low-dose (7.5 mg) oral methotrexate reduces the rate of progression in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 1995;37:30-40
    • (1995) Ann Neurol , vol.37 , pp. 30-40
    • Goodkin, D.E.1    Rudick, R.A.2    VanderBrug Medendorp, S.3
  • 95
  • 96
    • 0023707296 scopus 로고
    • Cyclosporine versus azathioprine in the long-term treatment of multiple sclerosis: Results of the German multicenter study
    • Kappos L, Patzold U, Dommasch D, et al. Cyclosporine versus azathioprine in the long-term treatment of multiple sclerosis: results of the German multicenter study. Ann Neurol 1988;23:56-63
    • (1988) Ann Neurol , vol.23 , pp. 56-63
    • Kappos, L.1    Patzold, U.2    Dommasch, D.3
  • 97
    • 0024335124 scopus 로고
    • Randomised double blind controlled trial of cyclosporin in multiple sclerosis
    • Rudge P, Koetsier JC, Mertin J, et al. Randomised double blind controlled trial of cyclosporin in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1989;52:559-565
    • (1989) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.52 , pp. 559-565
    • Rudge, P.1    Koetsier, J.C.2    Mertin, J.3
  • 98
    • 0025345601 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and toxicity of cyclosporine in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial
    • The Multiple Sclerosis Study Group. Efficacy and toxicity of cyclosporine in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Ann Neurol 1990;27:591-605
    • (1990) Ann Neurol , vol.27 , pp. 591-605


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.