Recent advances in delivery systems for anti-HIV1 therapy

Journal of Drug Targeting

Volumn 15, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 21-36

  Lanao, José M ^a   Briones, Elsa ^a   Colino, Clara I ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SALAMANCA   (Spain)

Author keywords

Carrier systems; Drug delivery; Gene therapy; HIV1 therapy

Indexed keywords

4 BENZOYL 1 [(4 METHOXY 1H PYRROLO[2,3 B]PYRIDIN 3 YL)OXOACETYL] 2 METHYLPIPERAZINE; ACICLOVIR; ADEFOVIR; ANTISENSE OLIGONUCLEOTIDE; APLAVIROK; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CCR5 ANTAGONIST; DIDANOSINE; DNA VACCINE; FLUCYTOSINE; GANCICLOVIR; GLUTATHIONE; INDINAVIR; LIPOSOME; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; MACROGOL; MARAVIROK; NANOPARTICLE; OLIGODEOXYNUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHOROTHIOATE; PLASMID DNA; PRODRUG; REV PROTEIN; RIBOZYME; RNA DIRECTED DNA POLYMERASE; SAQUINAVIR; STAVUDINE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG; VICRIVIROC; VIRUS VECTOR; ZALCITABINE; ZIDOVUDINE; ANTI HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AGENT; DRUG CARRIER;

ADENOVIRUS; ANEMIA; ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL MEMBRANE; BIODEGRADABILITY; BONE MARROW TOXICITY; CD4+ T LYMPHOCYTE; CELLULAR IMMUNITY; DRUG ACCUMULATION; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM; DRUG HALF LIFE; DRUG RECEPTOR BINDING; DRUG SAFETY; ENCAPSULATION; ERYTHROCYTE GHOST; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1 INFECTION; HUMORAL IMMUNITY; LEUKOPENIA; LIPOSOMAL GENE DELIVERY SYSTEM; NONHUMAN; NONVIRAL GENE DELIVERY SYSTEM; PHAGOCYTOSIS; POXVIRUS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SUSTAINED DRUG RELEASE; TARGET CELL; VIRAL GENE DELIVERY SYSTEM; VIRUS REPLICATION; ANIMAL; GENE THERAPY; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; REVIEW; STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION;

ANIMALS; ANTI-HIV AGENTS; DRUG CARRIERS; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS; GENE THERAPY; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION;

EID: 34248136826     PISSN: 1061186X     EISSN: 10292330     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10611860600942178     Document Type: Article

References (155)

1. Agrawal, AK and Gupta, CM (2000) Tuftsin-bearing liposomes in treatment of macrophage-based infections. Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 41, pp. 135-146.
2. Ahsan, F., Rivas, IP, Khan, MA and Suárez, AI Torres (2002) Targeting to macrophages: Role of physicochemical properties of particulate carriers-liposomes and microspheres-on the phagocytosis by macrophages. J Control Release, 79, pp. 29-40.
3. Akkina, R., Banerjea, A., Bai, J., Anderson, J., Li, MJ and Rossi, J. (2003) siRNAs, ribozymes and RNA decoys in modeling stem cell-based gene therapy for HIV/AIDS. Anticancer Res, 23, pp. 1997-2005.
4. Altmeyer, R. (2004) Virus attachment and entry offers numerous targets for antiviral therapy. Curr Pharm Design, 10, pp. 3701-3712.
5. Álvarez, FE, Rogge, KJ, Tarrand, J. and Lichtiger, B. (1995) Bacterial contamination of cellular blood components. A retrospective review at a large cancer center. Ann Clin Lab Sci, 25, pp. 283-290.
6. Amado, RG, Mitsuyasu, RT, Symonds, G., Rosenblatt, JD, Zack, J., Sun, LQ, Miller, M., Ely, J. and Gerlach, W. (1999) A phase I trial of autologous CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells transduced with an anti-HIV ribozyme. Hum Gene Ther, 10, pp. 2255-2270.
7. Bai, Y., Soda, Y., Izawa, K., Tanabe, T., Kang, X., Tojo, A., Hoshino, H., Miyoshi, H., Asano, S. and Tani, K. (2003) Effective transduction and stable transgene expression in human blood cells by a third-generation lentiviral vector. Gene Ther, 10, pp. 1446-1457.
8. Bauer, G., Selander, D., Engel, B., Carbonaro, D., Csik, S., Rawlings, S., Church, J. and Kohn, DB (2000) Gene therapy for pediatric AIDS. Ann NY Acad Sci, 918, pp. 318-329.
9. Bax, BE, Bain, MD, Talbot, PJ, Parker-Williams, EJ and Chalmers, RA (1999) Survival of human carrier erythrocytes in vivo. Clin Sci (Lond), 96, pp. 171-178.
10. Becker, PS (2005) The current status of gene therapy in autologous transplantation. Acta Haematol, 114, pp. 188-197.
11. Benatti, U., Giovine, M., Damonte, G., Gasparini, A., Scarfi, S., De Flora, A., Fraternale, A., Rossi, L. and Magnani, M. (1996) Azidothymidine homodinucleotide-loaded erythrocytes and bioreactors for slow delivery of the antiretroviral drug azidothymidine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 220, pp. 20-25.
12. Bender, AR, von Briesen, H., Kreuter, J., Duncan, IB and Rubsamen-Waigmann, H. (1996) Efficiency of nanoparticles as a carrier system for antiviral agents in human immunodeficiency virus-infected human monocytes/macrophages in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 40, pp. 1467-1471.
13. Bestman-Smith, J., Gourde, P., Desormeaux, A., Tremblay, M. and Bergeron, MG (2000) Sterically stabilized liposomes bearing anti-HLA-DR antibodies for targeting the primary cellular reservoirs of HIV-1. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1468, pp. 161-174.
14. Bohjanen, PR, Liu, Y. and Garcia-Blanco, MA (1997) Human immunodeficiency virus type I as a target for gene therapy. Front Biosci, 2, pp. 619-634.
15. Bonyhadi, ML, Moss, K., Voytovich, A., Auten, J., Kalfoglou, C., Plavec, I., Forestell, S., Bohnlein, E. and Kaneshima, H. (1997) RevM10-expressing T cells derived in vivo from transduced human hematopoietic stem-progenitor cells inhibit human immunodeficiency virus replication. J Virol, 71, pp. 4707-4716.
16. Brenner, S. and Malech, HL (2003) Current developments in the design of onco-retrovirus and lentivirus vector systems for hematopoietic cell gene therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1640, pp. 1-24.
17. Casimiro, DR, Tang, A., Chen, L., Fu, TM, Evans, RK, Davies, ME, Freed, DC, Hurni, W., Aste-Amezaga, JM, Guan, L., Long, R., Huang, L., Harris, V., Nawrocki, DK, Mach, H., Troutman, RD, Isopi, LA, Murthy, KK, Rice, K., Wilson, KA, Volkin, DB, Emini, EA and Shiver, JW (2003) Vaccine-induced immunity in baboons by using DNA and replication-incompetent adenovirus type 5 vectors expressing a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gag gene. J Virol, 77, pp. 7663-7668.
18. Cavallaro, G., Maniscalco, L., Caliceti, P., Salmaso, S., Semenzato, A. and Giammona, G. (2004) Glycosylated macromolecular conjugates of antiviral drugs with a polyaspartamide. J Drug Target, 12, pp. 593-605.
19. Chan, J., O'Donoghue, K., de la Fuente, J., Roberts, IA, Kumar, S., Morgan, JE and Fisk, NM (2005) Human fetal mesenchymal stem cells as vehicles for gene delivery. Stem Cells, 23, pp. 93-102.
20. Cockrell, AS and Kafri, T. (2003) HIV-1 vectors: Fulfillment of expectations, further advancements, and still a way to go. Curr HIV Res, 1, pp. 419-439.
21. Coupar, BE, Purcell, DF, Thomson, SA, Ramshaw, IA, Kent, SJ and Boyle, DB (2006) Fowlpox virus vaccines for HIV and SHIV clinical and pre-clinical trials. Vaccine, 24:9, pp. 1378-1388.
22. Cui, Z. and Mumper, RJ (2003) Microparticles and nanoparticles as delivery systems for DNA vaccines. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst, 20, pp. 103-137.
23. Desormeaux, A. and Bergeron, MG (2005) Lymphoid tissue targeting of anti-HIV drugs using liposomes. Methods Enzymol, 391, pp. 330-351.
24. Dinauer, N., Lochmann, D., Demirhan, I., Bouazzaoui, A., Zimmer, A., Chandra, A., Kreuter, J. and von Briesen, H. (2004) Intracellular tracking of protamine/antisense oligonucleotide nanoparticles and their inhibitory effect on HIV-1 transactivation. J Control Release, 96, pp. 497-507.
25. Donnelly, JJ, Ulmer, JB, Shiver, JW and Liu, MA (1997) DNA vaccines. Annu Rev Immunol, 15, pp. 617-648.
26. Dorrell, L. (2005) Therapeutic immunization strategies for the control of HIV-1. Expert Rev Vaccines, 4, pp. 513-520.
27. Dorr, P., Westby, M., Dobbs, S., Griffin, P., Irvine, B., Macatney, M., Mori, J., Rickett, G., Smith-Burchnell, C., Napier, C., Webster, R., Armour, D., Pirce, D., Stammen, B., Wood, A. and Perros, M. (2005) Maraviroc (UK-427,857), a potent, orally bioavailable and selective small-molecule inhibitor of chemokine receptor CCR5 with broad-spectrum anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 activity. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 49, pp. 4721-4732.
28. Dropulic, B. and June, CH (2006) Gene-based immunotherapy for human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Hum Gene Ther, 17, pp. 577-588.
29. Duerr, A., Wasserheit, JN and Corey, L. (2006) HIV vaccines: New frontiers in vaccine development. Clin Infect Dis, 43, pp. 500-511.
30. Duzgunes, N., Simoes, S., Konopka, K., Rossi, JJ and de Lima, MC Pedroso (2001) Delivery of novel macromolecular drugs against HIV-1. Expert Opin Biol Ther, 1, pp. 949-970.
31. Ebensen, T., Paukner, S., Link, C., Kudela, P., de Domenico, C., Lubitz, W. and Guzman, CA (2004) Bacterial ghosts are an efficient delivery system for DNA vaccines. J Immunol, 172, pp. 6858-6865.
32. El-Aneed, A. (2004) An overview of current delivery systems in cancer gene therapy. J Control Release, 94, pp. 1-14.
33. Excler, JL (2005) AIDS vaccine development: Perspectives, challenges & hopes. Indian J Med Res, 121, pp. 568-581.
34. Falkner, FG and Holzer, GW (2004) Vaccinia viral/retroviral chimeric vectors. Curr Gene Ther, 4, pp. 417-426.
35. Fanning, G., Amado, R. and Symonds, G. (2003) Gene therapy for HIV/AIDS: The potential for a new therapeutic regimen. J Gene Med, 5, pp. 645-653.
36. Felnerova, D., Kudela, P., Bizik, J., Haslberger, A., Hensel, A., Saalmuller, A. and Lubitz, W. (2004) T cell-specific immune response induced by bacterial ghosts. Med Sci Monit, 10, pp. 362-370.
37. Franchetti, P., Sheikha, G Abu, Cappellacci, L., Marchetti, S., Grifantini, M., Balestra, E., Perno, C., Benatti, U., Brandi, G., Rossi, L. and Magnani, M. (2000) A new acyclic heterodinucleotide active against human immunodeficiency virus and herpes simplex virus. Antiviral Res, 47, pp. 149-158.
38. Fraternale, A., Casabianca, A., Tonelli, A., Chiarantini, L., Brandi, G. and Magnani, M. (2001) New drug combinations for the treatment of murine AIDS and macrophage protection. Eur J Clin Invest, 31, pp. 248-252.
39. Fraternale, A., Casabianca, A., Orlandi, C., Cerasi, A., Chiarantini, L., Brandi, G. and Magnani, M. (2002) Macrophage protection by addition of glutathione (GSH)-loaded erythrocytes to AZT and DDI in a murine AIDS model. Antiviral Res, 56, pp. 263-272.
40. Fraternale, A., Casabianca, A., Rossi, L., Chiarantini, L., Schiavano, GF, Palamara, AT, Garaci, E. and Magnani, M. (2003) Erythrocytes as carriers of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the treatment of retroviral infections. J Antimicrob Chemother, 52, pp. 551-554.
41. Fridkin, M., Tsubery, H., Tzehoval, E., Vonsover, A., Biondi, L., Filira, F. and Rocchi, R. (2005) Tuftsin-AZT conjugate: Potential macrophage targeting for AIDS therapy. J Pept Sci, 11, pp. 37-44.
42. Fruh, K., Simmen, K., Luukkonen, BGM, Bell, YC and Ghazal, P. (2001) Virogenomics: A novel approach to antiviral drug discovery. Drug Discov Today, 6, pp. 621-627.
43. Futaki, S. (2005) Membrane-permeable arginine-rich peptides and the translocation mechanisms. Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 57, pp. 547-558.
44. Gagne, JF, Desormeaux, A., Perron, S., Tremblay, MJ and Bergeron, MG (2002) Targeted delivery of indinavir to HIV-1 primary reservoirs with immunoliposomes. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1558, pp. 198-210.
45. Gherardi, MM and Esteban, M. (2005) Recombinant poxviruses as mucosal vaccine vectors. J Gen Virol, 86, pp. 2925-2936.
46. Giammona, G., Cavarallo, G., Fontana, G., Pitarresi, G. and Carlisi, B. (1998) Coupling of the antiviral agent zidovudine to polyaspartamide and in vitro drug release studies. J Control Release, 54, pp. 321-331.
47. Giammona, G., Cavallaro, G. and Pitarresi, G. (1999) Studies of macromolecular prodrugs of zidovudine. Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 39, pp. 153-164.
48. Gibbs, MA and Sorensen, SJ (2000) Hydroxyurea in the treatment of HIV-1. Ann Pharmacother, 34, pp. 89-93.
49. Goepfert, PA, Horton, H., McElrath, MJ, Gurunathan, S., Ferrari, G., Tomaras, GD, Montefiori, DC, Allen, M., Chiu, YL, Spearman, P., Fuchs, JD, Koblin, BA, Blattner, WA, Frey, S., Keefer, MC, Baden, LR and Corey, L. (2005) NIAID HIV vaccine trials network. High-dose recombinant canarypox vaccine expressing HIV-1 protein, in seronegative human subjects. J Infect Dis, 192, pp. 1249-1259.
50. Gottfredsson, M. and Bohjanen, PR (1997) Human immunodeficiency virus type I as a target for gene therapy. Front Biosci, 2, pp. 619-634.
51. Grimaldi, S., Lisi, A., Pozzi, D. and Santoro, N. (1997) Attempts to use liposomes and RBC ghosts as vectors in drug and antisense therapy of virus infection. Res Virol, 148, pp. 177-180.
52. Gupta, B., Levchenko, TS and Torchilin, VP (2005) Intracellular delivery of large molecules and small particles by cell-penetrating proteins and peptides. Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 57, pp. 637-651.
53. Hamidi, M. and Tajerzadeh, H. (2003) Carrier erythrocytes: An overview. Drug Deliv, 10, pp. 9-20.
54. Hamm, TE, Rekosh, D. and Hammarskjold, ML (1999) Selection and characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 mutants that are resistant to inhibition by the transdominant negative RevM10 protein. J Virol, 73, pp. 5741-5747.
55. Hatziioannou, T., Perez-Caballero, D., Yang, A., Cowans, S. and Bieniasz, PD (2004) Retrovitus resistance factors Ref1 and Lv1 are species-specific variants of TRIM5alpha. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 101, pp. 10774-10779.
56. Liu, H. and Wang, L. (2000) Enhanced delivery of AZT to macrophages via acetylated LDL. J Control Release, 69, pp. 327-335.
57. Huang, Y., Paxton, WA, Wolinski, SM, Neumann, AU, Zhang, L., Kang, S., Ceradini, D., Jin, Z., Yazdanbakhsh, Kursman, K., Erickson, D., Dragon, E., Landau, NR, Phair, L., Ho, DD and Koup, RA (1996) The role of a mutant CCR5 allele in HIV-1 transmission and disease progression. Nat Med, 2, pp. 1240-1243.
58. Humeau, LM, Binder, GK, Slepushkin, V., Merling, R., Echeagaray, P., Pereira, M., Slepushkina, T., Barnett, S., Dropulic, LK, Carroll, R., Levine, BL, June, CH and Dropulic, B. (2004) Efficient lentiviral vector-mediated control of HIV-1 replication in CD4 lymphocytes from diverse HIV+ infected patients grouped according to CD4 count and viral load. Mol Ther, 9, pp. 902-913.
59. Hyndman, L., Lemoine, JL, Huang, L., Porteous, DJ, Boyd, AC and Nan, X. (2004) HIV-1 Tat protein transduction domain peptide facilitates gene transfer in combination with cationic liposomes. J Control Release, 99, pp. 435-444.
60. Ikeda, M., Habu, Y., Miyano-Kurosaki, N. and Takaku, H. (2006) Suppression of HIV-1 replication by a combination of endonucleolytic ribozymes (RNnase p and tRNnase ZL). Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids, 25, pp. 427-437.
61. Jain, RA (2000) The manufacturing techniques of various drug loaded biodegradable poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) devices. Biomaterials, 21, pp. 2475-2490.
62. Jain, S. and Jain, NK (1997) Engineered erythrocytes as a drug delivery system. Indian J Pharm Sci, 59, pp. 275-281.
63. Jason, TL, Koropatnick, J. and Berg, RW (2004) Toxicology of antisense therapeutics. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 201, pp. 66-83.
64. Jin, SX, Bi, DZ, Wang, J., Wang, YZ, Hu, HG and Deng, YH (2005) Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of zidovudine in rats following intravenous administration of zidovudine myristate loaded liposomes. Pharmazie, 60, pp. 840-843.
65. Johnson, PR, Schnepp, BC, Connell, MJ, Rohne, D., Robinson, S., Krivulka, GR, Lord, CI, Zinn, R., Montefiori, DC, Letvin, NL and Clark, KR (2005) Novel adeno-associated virus vector vaccine restricts replication of simian immunodeficiency virus in macaques. Virol, 79, pp. 955-965.
66. Kader, A., Davis, PJ, Kara, M. and Liu, H. (1998) Drug targeting using low density lipoprotein (LDL): Physicochemical factors affecting drug loading into LDL particles. J Control Release, 55, pp. 231-243.
67. Kalkut, G. (2005) Antiretroviral therapy: An update for the non-AIDS specialist. Curr Opin Oncol, 17, pp. 479-484.
68. Karlowsky, JA and Zhanel, GG (1992) Concepts on the use of liposomal antimicrobial agents: Applications for aminoglycosides. Clin Infect Dis, 15, pp. 654-667.
69. Katragadda, A., Bridgman, R. and Betageri, G. (2000) Effect of liposome composition and cholesterol on the cellular uptake of stavudine by human monocyte/macrophages. Cell Mol Biol Lett, 5, pp. 483-493.
70. Keckesova, Z., Ylinen, LM and Towers, GJ (2004) The human and African green monkey TRIMalpha genes encode Ref1 and Lv1 retroviral restriction factor activities. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 101, pp. 10780-10785.
71. Kitajima, I., Hanyu, N., Soejima, Y., Hirano, R., Arahira, S., Yamaoka, S., Yamada, R., Maruyama, I. and Kaneda, Y. (1997) Efficient transfer of synthetic ribozymes into cells using hemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ)-cationic liposomes. Application for ribozymes that target human t-cell leukemia virus type I tax/rex mRNA. J Biol Chem, 272, pp. 27099-27106.
72. Klink, D., Schindelhauer, D., Laner, A., Tucker, T., Bebok, Z., Schwiebert, EM, Boyd, AC and Scholte, BJ (2004) Gene delivery systems-gene therapy vectors for cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros, 3, pp. 203-212.
73. Kohn, DB, Bauer, G., Rice, CR, Rothschild, JC, Carbonaro, DA, Valdez, P., Hao, Q., Zhou, C., Bahner, I., Kearns, K., Brody, K., Fox, S., Haden, E., Wilson, K., Salata, C., Dolan, C., Wetter, C., Aguilar-Cordova, E. and Church, J. (1999) A clinical trial of retroviral-mediated transfer of a rev-responsive element decoy gene into CD34(+) cells from the bone marrow of human immunodeficiency virus-1-infected children. Blood, 94, pp. 368-371.
74. Konopka, K., Duzgunes, N., Rossi, J. and Lee, NS (1998) Receptor ligand-facilitated cationic liposome delivery of anti-HIV-1 Rev-binding aptamer and ribozyme DNAs. J Drug Target, 5, pp. 247-259.
75. Konopka, K., Rossi, JJ, Swiderski, P., Slepushkin, VA and Duzgunes, N. (1998) Delivery of an anti-HIV-1 ribozyme into HIV-infected cells via cationic liposomes. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1372, pp. 55-68.
76. Kozubek, A., Gubernator, J., Przeworska, E. and Stasiuk, M. (2000) Liposomal drug delivery, a novel approach: PLARosomes. Acta Biochim Pol, 47, pp. 639-649.
77. Lambert, JS (2005) HIV vaccines in infants and children. Paediatr Drugs, 7:5, pp. 267-276.
78. Lamothe, B. and Joshi, S. (2000) Current developments and future prospects for HIV gene therapy using interfering RNA-based strategies. Front Biosci, 5, pp. 527-555.
79. Lanao, JM and Sayalero, ML (2006) Cells and cell ghosts as drug carriers. Nanoparticles as drug carriers, pp. 329-345. Imperial College Press, London
80. Lee, YH and Peng, CA (2005) Enhanced retroviral gene delivery in ultrasonic standing wave fields. Gene Ther, 12, pp. 625-633.
81. Levy, JA (2002) HIV-1: Hitching a ride on erythrocytes. Lancet, 359, pp. 2212-2213.
82. Li, MJ, Kim, J., Zaia, J., Yee, JK, Anderson, J., Akkina, R. and Rossi, JJ (2005) Long-term inhibition of HIV-1 infection in primary hematopoietic cells by lentiviral vector delivery of a triple combination of anti-HIV shRNA, anti-CCR5 ribozyme, and a nucleolar-localizing TAR decoy. Mol Ther, 12, pp. 900-909.
83. Liang, WS, Maddukuri, A., Teslovich, TM, de la Fuente, S., Agbottah, E., Dadgar, S., Kehn, K., Hautaniemi, S., Pumfery, A., Stephan, DA and Kashanchi, F. (2005) Therapeutic targets for HIV-1 infection in the host proteome. Retrovirology, 2, pp. 20-42.
84. Liu, R., Paxton, WA and Wolinsky, SM (1996) Homozygous defect in HIV-1 coreceptor account for resistance of some multiply-exposed individuals to HIV-1 infection. Cell, 86, pp. 367-377.
85. Löbenberg, R., Araujo, L. and Krueter, J. (1997) Body distribution of azidothymidine bound to nanoparticles after oral administration. Eur J Pharm Biopharm, 44, pp. 127-132.
86. Löbenberg, R., Araujo, L., von Briesen, H., Rodgers, E. and Kreuter, J. (1998) Body distribution of azidothymidine bound to hexyl-cyanoacrylate nanoparticles after i.v. injection to rats. J Control Release, 50, pp. 21-30.
87. Lochmann, D., Jauk, E. and Zimmer, A. (2004) Drug delivery of oligonucleotides by peptides. Eur J Pharm Biopharm, 58, pp. 237-251.
88. Luque, F., Oya, R., Macias, D. and Saniger, L. (2005) Gene therapy for HIV-1 infection: Are lethal genes a valuable tool?. Cell Mol Biol, 51, pp. 93-101.
89. Magnani, M., Rossi, L., Brandi, G., Schiavano, GF, Montroni, M. and Piedimonte, G. (1992) Targeting antiretroviral nucleoside analogues in phosphorylated form to macrophages: In vitro and in vivo studies. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 89, pp. 6477-6481.
90. Magnani, M., Rossi, L., Fraternale, A., Silvotti, L., Quintavalla, F., Piedimonte, G., Matteucci, D., Baldinotti, F. and Bendinelli, M. (1995) FIV infection of macrophages: In vitro and in vivo inhibition by dideoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate. Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 46, pp. 151-158.
91. Magnani, M., Rossi, L., Fraternale, A., Bianchi, M., Antonelli, A., Crinelli, R. and Chiarantini, L. (2002) Erythrocyte-mediated delivery of drugs, peptides and modified oligonucleotides. Gene Ther, 9, pp. 749-751.
92. Mankertz, J., Matthes, E., Rokos, K., von Baeyer, H., Pauli, G. and Riedel, E. (1996) Selective endocytosis of fluorothymidine and azidothymidine coupled to LDL into HIV infected mononuclear cells. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1317, pp. 233-237.
93. Mankertz, J., Nundel, M., von Baeyer, H. and Riedel, E. (1997) Low density lipoproteins as drug carriers in the therapy of macrophage-associated diseases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 240, pp. 112-115.
94. Marchart, J., Dropmann, G., Lechleitner, S., Schlapp, T., Wanner, G., Szostak, MP and Lubitz, W. (2003) Pasteurella multocida- and pasteurella haemolytica-ghosts: New vaccine candidates. Vaccine, 21, pp. 3988-3997.
95. Marusich, EI, Parveen, Z., Strayer, D., Mukhtar, M., Dornburg, RC and Pomerantz, RJ (2005) Spleen necrosis virus-based vector delivery of anti-HIV-1 genes potently protects human hematopoietic cells from HIV-1 infection. Virol, 332, pp. 258-271.
96. Mautino, MR, Keiser, N. and Morgan, RA (2001) Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication by HIV-1-based lentivirus vectors expressing transdominant. Rev J Virol, 75, pp. 3590-3599.
97. Mayr, UB, Walcher, P., Azimpour, C., Riedmann, E., Haller, C. and Lubitz, W. (2005) Bacterial ghosts as antigen delivery vehicles. Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 57, pp. 1381-1391.
98. Millán, CG, Marinero, ML, Castañeda, AZ and Lanao, JM (2004) Drug, enzyme and peptide delivery using erythrocytes as carriers. J Control Release, 95, pp. 27-49.
99. Miyano-Kurosaki, N., Barnor, JS, Takeuchi, H., Owada, T., Nakashima, H., Yamamoto, N., Matsuzaki, T., Shimada, F. and Takaku, H. (2004) In vitro and in vivo transport and delivery of phosphorothioate oligonucleotides with cationic liposomes. Antivir Chem Chemother, 15, pp. 93-100.
100. Morel, F., Salimi, S., Markovits, J., Austin, TW and Plavec, I. (1999) Hematologic recovery in mice transplanted with bone marrow stem cells expressing anti-human immunodeficiency virus genes. Hum Gene Ther, 10, pp. 2779-2787.
101. Moroziewicz, D. and Kaufman, HL (2005) Gene therapy with poxvirus vectors. Curr Opin Mol Ther, 7, pp. 317-325.
102. Moss, HA, Tebbs, SE, Faroqui, MH, Herbst, T., Isaac, JL, Brown, J. and Elliott, TS (2000) A central venous catheter coated with benzalkonium chloride for the prevention of catheter-related microbial colonization. Eur J Anaesthesiol, 17, pp. 680-687.
103. Nielsen, MH, Pedersen, FS and Kjems, J. (2005) Molecular strategies to inhibit HIV-1 replication. Retrovirology, 2, p. 10.
104. Noguchi, H. and Matsumoto, S. (2006) Protein transduction technology offers a novel therapeutic approach for diabetes. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg, 13, pp. 306-313.
105. O'Doherty, U., Swiggard, WJ and Malim, MH (2000) Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 spinoculation enhances infection through virus binding. J Virol, 74, pp. 10074-10080.
106. Oehlke, J., Birth, P., Klauschenz, E., Wiesner, B., Beyermann, M., Oksche, A. and Bienert, M. (2002) Cellular uptake of antisense oligonucleotides after complexing or conjugation with cell-penetrating model peptides. Eur J Biochem, 269, pp. 4025-4032.
107. Oussoren, C., Magnani, M., Fraternale, A., Casabianca, A., Chiarantini, L., Ingebrigsten, R., Underberg, WJ and Storm, G. (1999) Liposomes as carriers of the antiretroviral agent dideoxycytidine-5'-triphosphate. Int J Pharm, 180, pp. 261-270.
108. Perno, CF, Santoro, N., Balestra, E., Aquaro, S., Cenci, A., Lazzarino, G., Pierro, D Di, Tavazzi, B., Balzarini, J., Garaci, E., Grimaldi, S. and Calio, R. (1997) Red blood cells mediated delivery of 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine to primary macrophages: Efficiency metabolism and activity against human immunodeficiency virus or herpes simplex virus. Antiviral Res, 33, pp. 153-164.
109. Phillips, MI (2005) Antisense therapeutics: A promise waiting to be fulfilled. Methods Mol Med, 106, pp. 3-10.
110. Plavec, I., Agarwal, M., Ho, KE, Pineda, M., Auten, J., Baker, J., Matsuzaki, H., Escaich, S., Bonyhadi, M. and Bohnlein, E. (1997) High transdominant RevM10 protein levels are required to inhibit HIV-1 replication in cell lines and primary T cells: Implication for gene therapy of AIDS. Gene Ther, 4, pp. 128-139.
111. Podsakoff, GM, Engel, BC, Carbonaro, DA, Choi, C., Smogorzewska, EM, Bauer, G., Selander, D., Csik, S., Wilson, K., Betts, MR, Koup, RA, Nabel, GJ, Bishop, K., King, S., Schmidt, M., von Kalle, C., Church, JA and Kohn, DB (2005) Selective survival of peripheral blood lymphocytes in children with HIV-1 following delivery of an anti-HIV gene to bone marrow CD34(+) cells. Mol Ther, 12, pp. 77-86.
112. Poeschla, E., Corbeau, P. and Wong-Staal, F. (1996) Development of HIV vectors for anti-HIV gene therapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 93, pp. 11395-11399.
113. Pollard, VW and Malim, MH (1998) The HIV-1 Rev protein. Annu Rev Microbiol, 52, pp. 491-532.
114. Prior, S., Gander, B., Blarer, N., Merkle, HP, Subira, ML, Irache, JM and Gamazo, C. (2002) In vitro phagocytosis and monocyte-macrophage activation with poly(lactide) and poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres. Eur J Pharm Sci, 15, pp. 197-207.
115. Putnam, DA (1996) Antisense strategies and therapeutic applications. Am J Health Syst Pharm, 53, pp. 151-160.
116. Quintana, FJ, Gerber, D., Kent, SC, Cohen, IR and Shai, Y. (2005) HIV-1 fusion peptide targets the TCR and inhibits antigen-specific T cell activation. J Clin Invest, 115, pp. 2149-2158.
117. Ramezani, A., Ma, XZ, Ameli, M., Arora, A. and Joshi, S. (2006) Assessment of an anti-HIV-1 combination gene therapy strategy using the antisense RNA and multimeric hammerhead ribozymes. Front Biosci, 11, pp. 2940-2948.
118. Ranade, VV and Hollinger, MA (2004) Drug delivery systems, CRC Press LLC, Florida
119. Raulin, J. (2002) Human immunodeficiency virus and host cell lipids. Interesting pathways in research for a new HIV therapy. Prog Lipid Res, 41, pp. 27-65.
120. Reeves, JD and Piefer, AJ (2005) Emerging drug targets for antiretroviral therapy. Drugs, 65, pp. 1747-1766.
121. Remeta, DP, Krumbiegel, M., Minetti, CA, Puri, A., Ginsburg, A. and Blumenthal, R. (2002) Acid-induced changes in thermal stability and fusion activity of influenza hemagglutinin. Biochemistry, 41, pp. 2044-2054.
122. Renneisen, K., Leserman, L., Matthes, E., Schroder, HC and Muller, WE (1990) Inhibition of expression of human immunodeficiency virus-1 in vitro by antibody-targeted liposomes containing antisense RNA to the env region. J Biol Chem, 265, pp. 16337-16342.
123. Rossi, L., Serafini, S., Cappellacci, L., Balestra, E., Brandi, G., Schiavano, GF, Franchetti, P., Grifantini, M., Perno, CF and Magnani, M. (2001) Erythrocyte-mediated delivery of a new homodinucleotide active against human immunodeficiency virus and herpes simplex virus. J Antimicrob Chemother, 47, pp. 819-827.
124. Rossi, L., Serafini, S., Pierige, F., Antonelli, A., Cerasi, A., Fraternale, A., Chiarantini, L. and Magnani, M. (2005) Erythrocyte-based drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv, 2, pp. 311-322.
125. Samson, M., Libert, F., Doranz, BJ, Rucker, J., Liesnard, C., Farber, CM, Saragosti, S., Lapoumeroulie, C., Cognaux, J., Forceille, C., Muyldermans, G., Verhofstede, C., Burtonboy, G., Georges, M., Imai, T., Rana, S., Smyth, RJ, Collman, RG, Doms, RW, Vassart, G. and Parmentier, M. (1996) Resistance to HIV-1 infection in caucasian indivisuals bearing mutant alleles of the CCR-5 chemokine receptor gene. Nature, 382, pp. 668-669.
126. Selvam, MP, Buck, SM, Blay, RA, Mayner, RE, Mied, PA and Epstein, JS (1996) Inhibition of HIV replication by immunoliposomal antisense oligonucleotide. Antiviral Res, 33, pp. 11-20.
127. Shang, LM (2002) Cyclin-dependent kinases as cellular targets for antiviral drugs. J Antimicrob Chemother, 50, pp. 779-792.
128. Siapati, EK, Bigger, BW, Miskin, J., Chipchase, D., Parsley, KL, Mitrophanous, K., Themis, M., Thrasher, AJ and Bonnet, D. (2005) Comparison of HIV- and EIAV-based vectors on their efficiency in transducing murine and human hematopoietic repopulating cells. Mol Ther, 12, pp. 537-546.
129. Slyker, JA, Lohman, BL, Mbori-Ngacha, DA, Reilly, M., Wee, EG, Dong, T., McMichael, AJ, Rowland-Jones, SL, Hanke, T. and John-Stewart, G. (2005) Modified vaccinia Ankara expressing HIVA antigen stimulates HIV-1-specific CD8 T cells in ELISpot assays of HIV-1 exposed infants. Vaccine, 23, pp. 4711-4719.
130. Sokolskaja, E. and Luban, J. (2006) Cyclophilin, TRIM5, and innate immunity to HIV-1. Curr Opin Microbiol, 9:4, pp. 404-408.
131. Song, E., Lee, SK, Dykxhoorn, DM, Novina, C., Zhang, D., Crawford, K., Cerny, J., Sharp, PA, Lieberman, J., Manjunath, N. and Shankar, P. (2003) Sustained small interfering RNA-mediated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 inhibition in primary macrophages. J Virol, 77, pp. 7174-7181.
132. Strizki, JM, Tremblay, C., Wojcik, L., Wagner, N., Gonsiorek, W., Hipkin, RW, Chou, CC, Pugliese-Sivo, C., Xiao, Y., Tagat, JR, Cox, K., Pirestley, T., Sorota, S., Huang, W., Hirsch, M., Reyes, RG and Baroudy, BM (2005) Discovery and characterization of vicriviroc (SCH 417690) a CCR5 antagonist with potent activity against human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 49, pp. 4911-4919.
133. Lee, R., Bonyhadi, M., Matsuzaki, H., Forestell, S., Escaich, S., Bohnlein, E. and Kaneshima, H. (1997) Hematopoietic stem cell-based gene therapy for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: Efficient transduction and expression of RevM10 in myeloid cells in vivo and in vitro. Blood, 89, pp. 2283-2290.
134. Sugai, Y., Sugai, K. and Fuse, A. (2001) Current status of bacterial contamination of autologous blood for transfusion. Transfus Apheresis Sci, 24, pp. 255-259.
135. Szostak, MP, Auer, T. and Lubitz, W. (1993) Immune response against recombinant bacterial ghosts carrying HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Vaccine, 93, pp. 419-425.
136. Szostak, MP, Hensel, A., Eko, FO, Klein, R., Auer, T., Mader, H., Haslberger, A., Bunka, S., Wanner, G. and Lubitz, W. (1996) Bacterial ghosts: Non-living candidate vaccines. Biotechnol, 44, pp. 161-170.
137. Tabrizi, CA, Walcher, P., Mayr, UB, Stiedl, T., Binder, M., McGrath, J. and Lubitz, W. (2004) Bacterial ghosts-biological particles as delivery systems for antigens, nucleic acids and drugs. Curr Opin Biotechnol, 15, pp. 530-537.
138. Tam, RC, Lau, JY and Hong, Z. (2001) Mechanisms of action of ribavirin in antiviral therapies. Antivir Chem Chemother, 12, pp. 261-272.
139. Tomanin, R. and Scarpa, M. (2004) Why do we need new gene therapy viral vectors? Characteristics, limitations and future perspectives of viral vector transduction. Curr Gene Ther, 4, pp. 357-372.
140. Tubiana, R., Carcelain, G., Vray, M., Gourlain, K., Dalban, C., Chermak, A., Rabian, C., Vittecoq, D., Simon, A., Bouvet, E., Habib, R El, Costagliola, D., Calvez, V., Autran, B. and Katlama, C. (2005) Therapeutic immunization with a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1-recombinant canarypox vaccine in chronically HIV-infected patients: The vacciter study (ANRS 094). Vaccine, 23, pp. 4292-4301.
141. Valbonesi, M., Bruni, R., Florio, G., Zanella, A. and Bunkens, H. (2001) Cellular contamination of plasma collected with various apheresis systems. Transfus Apheresis Sci, 24, pp. 91-94.
142. Van Griensven, J., De Clercq, E. and Debyser, Z. (2005) Hematopoietic stem cell-based gene therapy against HIV infection: Promises and caveats. AIDS Rev, 7, pp. 44-55.
143. Vaysse, L., Burgelin, I., Merlio, JP and Arveiler, B. (2000) Improved transfection using epithelial cell line-selected ligands and fusogenic peptides. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1475, pp. 369-376.
144. Veres, G., Junker, U., Baker, J., Barske, C., Kalfoglou, C., Ilves, H., Escaich, S., Kaneshima, H. and Bohnlein, E. (1998) Comparative analyses of intracellularly expressed antisense RNAs as inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication. J Virol, 72, pp. 1894-1901.
145. Vitas, AI, Díaz, R. and Gamazo, C. (1996) Effect of composition and method of preparation of liposomes on their stability and interaction with murine monocytes infected with Brucella abortus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 40, pp. 146-151.
146. Vocero-Akbani, AM, Heyden, NV, Lissy, NA, Ratner, L. and Dowdy, SF (1999) Killing HIV-infected cells by transduction with an HIV protease-activated caspase-3 protein. Nat Med, 5, pp. 29-33.
147. Von Briesen, H., Ramge, P. and Krueter, J. (2000) Controlled Release of antiretroviral drugs. AIDS Rev, 2, pp. 31-38.
148. Von Laer, D., Hasselmann, S. and Hasselmann, K. (2006) Gene therapy for HIV infection: What does it need to make it work?. J Gene Med, 8, pp. 658-667.
149. Walcher, P., Mayr, UB, Azimpour-Tabrizi, C., Eko, FO, Jechlinger, W., Mayrhofer, P., Alefantis, T., Mujer, CV, DelVecchio, VG and Lubitz, W. (2004) Antigen discovery and delivery of subunit vaccines by nonliving bacterial ghost vectors. Expert Rev Vaccines, 3, pp. 681-691.
150. Xin, KQ, Jounai, N., Someya, K., Honma, K., Mizuguchi, H., Naganawa, S., Kitamura, K., Hayakawa, T., Saha, S., Takeshita, F., Okuda, K., Honda, M., Klinman, DM and Okuda, K. (2005) Prime-boost vaccination with plasmid DNA and a chimeric adenovirus type 5 vector with type 35 fiber induces protective immunity against HIV. Gene Ther, 12, pp. 1769-1777.
151. Yap, MW, Nisole, S., Lynch, C. and Stoye, JP (2004) Trim5alpha protein restricts both HIV-1 and murine leukaemia virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 101, pp. 10786-10791.
152. Zala, C., Rouleau, D. and Montaner, JS (2000) Role of hydroxyurea in treatment of disease due to human inmunodeficiency virus infection. Clin Infect Dis, 30, pp. 143-150.
153. Zelphati, O., Zon, G. and Leserman, L. (1993) Inhibition of HIV-1 replication in cultured cells with antisense oligonucleotides encapsulated in immunoliposomes. Antisense Res Dev, 3, pp. 323-338.
154. Zelphati, O., Imbach, JL, Signoret, N., Zon, G., Rayner, B. and Leserman, L. (1994) Antisense oligonucleotides in solution or encapsulated in immunoliposomes inhibit replication of HIV-1 by several different mechanisms. Nucleic Acids Res, 22, pp. 4307-4314.
155. Zheng, J., Xie, Y., Campbell, R., Song, J., Massachi, S., Razi, M., Chiu, R., Berenson, J., Yang, OO, Chen, ISY and Pang, S. (2005) Involvement of claudin-7 in HIV infection of CD4(-) cells. Retrovirology, 2, pp. 79-90.