Tuning the electrocrystallization parameters of semiconducting Co[TCNQ]2-based materials to yield either single nanowires or crystalline thin films

Journal of the American Chemical Society

Volumn 129, Issue 8, 2007, Pages 2369-2382

  Nafady, Ayman ^a   Bond, Alan M ^a   Bilyk, Alexander ^b   Harris, Alexander R ^a   Bhatt, Anand I ^a   O'Mullane, Anthony P ^a   De Marco, Roland ^c  

^a MONASH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^b CSIRO   (Australia)

^c CURTIN UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DEPOSITION TIME; ELECTROCRYSTALLIZATION; GLASSY CARBON; SINGLE NANOWIRES;

CHRONOAMPEROMETRY; COBALT COMPOUNDS; CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRY; PARAMETER ESTIMATION; RAMAN SCATTERING; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS; STOICHIOMETRY; THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS; THIN FILMS; X RAY DIFFRACTION;

NANOWIRES;

CARBON; GLASS; METHANE; SILICON DIOXIDE; TETRACYANOQUINODIMETHANE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

AMPEROMETRY; ARTICLE; CHRONOAMPEROMETRY; CRYSTAL STRUCTURE; CRYSTALLIZATION; CYCLIC POTENTIOMETRY; DIFFUSION; ELECTROCHEMICAL ANALYSIS; ELECTROCRYSTALLIZATION; ELECTROSTIMULATION; FILM; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; SEMICONDUCTOR; STOICHIOMETRY; THERMOGRAVIMETRY; X RAY DIFFRACTION;

COBALT; CRYSTALLIZATION; ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; MEMBRANES, ARTIFICIAL; NANOSTRUCTURES; NITRILES; ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; PARTICLE SIZE; POWDER DIFFRACTION; SEMICONDUCTORS; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SOLUBILITY; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY, INFRARED; SPECTRUM ANALYSIS, RAMAN; SURFACE PROPERTIES; THERMOGRAVIMETRY; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 33847749540     PISSN: 00027863     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ja067219j     Document Type: Article

References (134)

1. For examples, see: (a) LeBlanc, O. H., Jr. J. Chem. Phys. 1965, 42, 4307.
2. (b) Torrance, J. B.; Scott, B. A.; Kaufman, F. B. Solid State Commun. 1975, 17, 1369.
3. Inoue, M. B.; Inoue, M.; Fernando, Q.; Nebesny, K. W. J. Phys. Chem. 1987, 91, 527.
4. Miller, J. S.; Calabrese, J. C.; Harlow, R. L.; Dixon, D. A.; Zhang, J. H.; Reiff, W. M.; Chittipeddi, S.; Selover, M. A.; Epstein, A. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 5496.
5. (e) Kaim, W.; Moscherosch, M. Coord. Chem. Rev. 1994, 129, 157.
6. (f) Azcondo, M. T.; Ballester, L.; Golhen, S.; Gutierrez, A.; Ouahab, L.; Yartsev, S.; Delhaes, P. J. Mater. Chem. 1999, 9, 1237.
7. (g) Kuroda, N.; Sugimoto, T.; Hagiwara, M.; Hasanudin; Ueda, K.; Tada, T.; Uozaki, H.; Toyota, N.; Mogi, I.; Watanabe, K.; Motokawa, M. Synth. Met. 2003, 133/ 134, 535.
8. (h) Vickers, E. B.; Selby, T. D.; Thorum, M. S.; Taliaferro, M. L.; Miller, J. S. Inorg. Chem. 2004, 43, 6414.
9. Ueda, K.; Takahashi, M.; Tomizawa, H.; Miki, E.; Faulmann. C. J. Mol. Struct. 2005, 751, 12.
10. (j) Taliaferro, M. L.; Palacio, F.; Miller, J. S. J. Mater. Chem. 2006, 16, 2677.
11. (k) Miyasaka, H., Izawa, T.; Takahashi, N.; Yamashita, M.; Dunbar, K. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 11358.
12. Mikuriya, M.; Yoshioka, D.; Handa, M. Coord. Chem. Rev. 2006, 250, 2194.
13. (a) Arena, A.; Patane, S.; Saitta, G.; Bonavita, A. Mater. Lett. 2006, 60, 2171.
14. (b) Kaur, P.; Sarangal, A.; Hundal, G.; McInnes, E. J. Coord. Chem. 2006, 59, 821.
15. Lu, J.; Nagase, S.; Zhang, X.; Wang, D.; Ni, M.; Maeda, Y.; Wakahara, T.; Nakahodo, T.; Tsuchiya, T.; Akasaka, T.; Gao, Z.; Yu, D.; Ye, H.; Mei, W. N.; Zhou, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 5114.
16. Morita, Y.; Miyazaki, E.; Umemoto, Y.; Fukui, K.; Nakasuji, K. J. Org. Chem. 2006, 71, 5631.
17. (e) Tsiperman, E.; Becker, J. Y.; Khodorkovsky, V.; Shames, A.; Shapiro, L. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2005, 44, 4015.
18. (f) Hibbs, W.; Arif, A. M.; Botoshansky, M.; Kaftory, M.; Miller, J. S. Inorg. Chem. 2003, 42, 2311.
19. (g) Pokhodnya, K. I.; Petersen, N.; Miller, J. S. Inorg. Chem. 2002, 41, 1996.
20. (h) Miyasaka, H.; Campos-Fernandez, C. S.; Clerac, R.; Dunbar, K. R. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 3831.
21. Higo, M.; Lu, X.; Mazur, U.; Hipps, K. W. Chem. Lett. 1999, 679.
22. (a) Mo, X.-L.; Chen, G.-R.; Cai, Q.-J.; Fan, Z.-Y.; Xu, H.-H.; Yao, Y.; Yang, J.; Gu, H.-H.; Hua, Z.-Y. Thin Solid Films 2003, 436, 259.
23. (b) Yamaguchi, S.; Potember, R. S. Synth. Met. 1996, 78, 117.
24. Kim, J.; Cho, O.; Min, K.; Park, K. Synth. Met. 1995, 71, 2215.
25. Cho, O. K.; Park, K. Y. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1995, 267, 393.
26. (a) Ran, C.; Peng, H.; Zhou, W.; Yu, X.; Liu, Z. J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109, 22486.
27. (b) Peng, H.; Chen, Z.; Tong, L.; Yu, X.; Ran, C.; Liu, Z. J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109, 3526.
28. Fan, Z. Y.; Mo, X. L.; Chen, G. R.; Lu, J. G. Rev. Adv. Mater. Sci. 2003, 5, 72.
29. (a) Luz, R. d. C. S.; Damos, F. S.; Bof de Oliveira, A.; Beck, J.; Kubota, L. T. Sens. Actuators B 2006, B117, 274.
30. (b) Cano, M.; Palenzuela, B.; Rodriguez-Amaro, R. Electroanalysis 2006, 18, 1068.
31. Llopis, X.; Merkoci, A.; del Valle, M.; Alegret, S. Sens. Actuators B 2005, B107, 742.
32. Wooster, T. J.; Bond, A. M. Analyst 2003, 128, 1386.
33. (e) Pandey, P. C.; Upadhyay, S.; Sharma, S. Electroanalysis 2003, 15, 1115.
34. (f) Palmisano, F.; Zambonin, P. G.; Centonze, D.; Quinto, M. Anal. Chem. 2002, 74, 5913.
35. (g) Winkler, K.; Plonska, M. E.; Basa, A.; Lach, M.; Balch, A. L. Electroanalysis 2002, 15, 55.
36. (h) Cheng, Y.; Schiffrin, D. J. J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 1994, 90, 2517.
37. Freund, M. S.; Brajter-Toth, A.; Ward, M. D. J. Electroanal. Chem. 1990, 289, 127.
38. (j) Sharp, M. Anal. Chim. Acta 1976, 85, 17.
39. (a) Perepichka, D. F.; Bryce, M. R.; Pearson, C.; Petty, M. C.; McInnes, E. J. L.; Zhao, J. P. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2003, 42, 4636.
40. (b) Yasuda, A.; Seto, J. J. Electroanal. Chem. 1988, 247, 193.
41. Valade, L.; de Caro, D.; Malfant, I. NATO Sci. Series II: Math. Phys. Chem. 2004, 139, 241.
42. (a) Potember, R. S.; Poehler, T. O.; Cowan, D. O. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1979, 34, 405.
43. (b) Potember, R. S.; Poehler, T. O.; Benson, R. C. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1982, 41, 548.
44. Kamitsos, E. I.; Risen, J. W. M. Solid State Commun. 1983, 45, 165.
45. Poehler, T. O.; Potember, R. S.; Hoffman, R.; Benson, R. C. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1984, 107, 91.
46. (e) Hoagland, J. J.; Wang, X. D.; Hipps, K. W. Chem. Mater. 1993, 5, 54.
47. (f) Gu, N.; Yang, X.-M.; Sheng, H.-Y.; Lu, W.; Wei, Y. Synth. Met. 1995, 71, 2221.
48. (g) Liu, S.-G.; Liu, Y.-Q.; Wu, P.-J.; Zhu, D.-B.; Tien, H.; Chen, K.-C. Thin Solid Films 1996, 289, 300.
49. (h) Sun, S.; Wu, P.; Zhu, D. Thin Solid Films 1997, 301, 192.
50. Sun, S.; Xu, X.; Wu, P.; Zhu, D. J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 1998, 17, 719.
51. (j) Oyamada, T.; Tanaka, H.; Matsushige, K.; Sasabe, H.; Adachi, C. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2003, 83, 1252.
52. (k) Fan, Z. Y.; Mo, X. L.; Chen, G. R.; Lu, J. G. Rev. Adv. Mater. Sci. 2003, 5, 72.
53. Fan, Z. Y.; Mo, X. L.; Lou, C. F.; Yao, Y.; Wang, D. W.; Chen, G. R.; Lu, J. G. IEEE Trans. Nanotech. 2005, 4, 238.
54. Muller, R.; Genoe, J.; Heremans, P. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2006, 88, 242105.
55. (a) Torrance, J. B. Acc. Chem. Res. 1979, 12, 79.
56. (b) Gu, Z.; Wu. H.; Wei, Y.; Liu, J. J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 2543.
57. Yuan, C.-W.; Lu, W.; Chen, C.-Y.; Wei, Y. Synth. Met. 1993, 59, 235.
58. Wachtel, H.; Ferger, J.; von Schutz, J. U.; Wolf, H. C. Synth. Met. 1995, 71, 2103.
59. (e) Heintz, R. A.; Zhao, H.; Ouyang, X.; Grandinetti, G.; Cowen, J.; Dunbar, K. R. Inorg. Chem. 1999, 38, 144.
60. (f) O'Kane, S. A.; Clerac, R.; Zhao, H.; Ouyang, X.; Galan-Mascaros, J. R.; Heintz, R.; Dunbar, K. R. J. Solid-State Chem. 2000, 152, 159.
61. (g) Zhang, Q.; Wang, W.; Ye, G.; Yan, X.; Zhang, Z.; Hua, Z. Synth. Met. 2004, 144, 285.
62. (h) Liu, H.; Zhao, Q.; Li, Y.; Liu, Y.; Lu, F.; Zhuang, J.; Wang, S.; Jiang, L.; Zhu, D.; Yu, D.; Chi, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 1120.
63. Liu, Y.; Ji, Z.; Tang, Q.; Jiang, L.; Li, H.; He, M.; Hu, W.; Zhang, D.; Jiang, L.; Wang, X.; Wang, C.; Liu, Y.; Zhu, D. Adv. Mater. 2005, 17, 2953.
64. (j) Cao, G.; Fang, F.; Ye, C.; Xing, X.; Xu, H.; Sun, D.; Chen, G. Micron 2005, 36, 285.
65. (k) Cao, G.; Ye, C.; Fang, F.; Xing, X.; Xu, H.; Sun, D.; Chen, G. Micron 2005, 36, 267.
66. Muller, R.; De Jonge, S.; Myny, K.; Wouters, D. J.; Genoe, J.; Heremans, P. Solid-State Electron. 2006, 50, 601.
67. (a) Kathirgamanathan, P.; Mucklejohn, S. A.; Rosseinsky, D. R. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1979, 86.
68. (b) Ward, M. D. Inorg. Chem. 1986, 25, 4444.
69. Ward, M. D.; Johnson, D. C. Inorg. Chem. 1987, 26, 4213.
70. Ward, M. D. Synth. Met. 1988, 27, B211.
71. (e) Batail, P.; Boubekeur, K.; Fourmigue, M.; Gabriel, J.-C. P. Chem. Mater. 1998, 0, 3005.
72. (f) Legros, J.-P.; Dahan, F.; Binet, L.; Carcel, C.; Fahre, J.-M. J. Mater. Chem. 2000, 10, 2685.
73. (a) Neufeld, A. K.; Madsen, I.; Bond, A. M.; Hogan, C. F. Chem. Mater. 2003, 15, 3573.
74. (b) Neufeld, A. K.; O'Mullane, A. P.; Bond, A. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 13846.
75. Harris, A. R.; Neufeld, A. K.; O'Mullane, A. P.; Bond, A. M.; Morrison, R. J. S. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2005, 152, C577.
76. O'Mullane, A. P.; Neufeld, A. K.; Harris, A. R.; Bond, A. M. Langmuir 2006, 22, 10499.
77. (e) Harris, A. R.; Neufeld, A. K.; O'Mullane, A. P.; Bond, A. M. J. Mater. Chem. 2006, 16, 4397.
78. (a) Bond, A. M.; Fletcher, S.; Marken, F.; Shaw, S. J.; Symons, P. G. J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 1996, 92, 3925.
79. (b) Bond, A. M.; Fletcher, S.; Symons, P. G. Analyst 1998, 123, 1891.
80. Suarez, M. F.; Bond, A. M.; Compton, R. G. J. Solid State Electrochem. 1999, 4, 24.
81. Gomez, L.; Rodriguez-Amaro, R. Langmuir 2006, 22, 7431.
82. (a) Melby, L. R.; Harder, R. J.; Hertler, W. R.; Mahler, W.; Benson, R. E.; Mochel, W. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1962, 84, 3374.
83. (a) Zhao, H.; Heintz, R. A.; Dunbar, K. R.; Rogers, R. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 12844.
84. (b) Zhao, H.; Heintz, R. A.; Ouyang, X.; Dunbar, K. R.; Campana, C. F.; Rogers, R. D. Chem. Mater. 1999, 11, 736.
85. Zhao, H.; Heintz, R. A.; Ouyang, X.; Grandinetti, G.; Cowen, J.; Dunbar, K. R. NATO ASI Ser. Ser. C 1999, 578, 353.
86. Clerac, R.; O'Kane, S.; Cowen, J.; Ouyang, X.; Heintz, R.; Zhao, H.; Bazile, M. J., Jr.; Dunbar, K. R. Chem. Mater. 2003, 15, 1840.
87. Vickers, E. B.; Giles, I. D.; Miller, J. S. Chem. Mater. 2005, 17, 1667.
88. Although these materials are almost insoluble in most organic solvents, they exhibit some solubility in alcohols (MeOH) and water when converted into their solvated phases.
89. (a) Siedle, A. R.; Candela, G. A.; Finnegan, T. F. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1979, 35, 125.
90. (b) Kathirgamanathan, P.; Rosseinsky, D. R. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1980, 839.
91. Nafady, A.; O'Mullane, A. P.; Bond, A. M.; Neufeld, A. K. Chem. Mater. 2006, 18, 4375.
92. (a) Xiao, K.; Ivanov, I. N.; Puretzky, A. A.; Liu, Z.; Geohegan, D. B. Adv. Mater. 2006, 18, 2184.
93. (b) Shang, T.; Yang, F.; Zheng, W.; Wang, C. Small 2006, 2, 1007.
94. Liu, Y.; Li, H.; Tu, D.; Ji, Z.; Wang, C.; Tang, Q.; Liu, M.; Hu, W.; Liu, Y.; Zhu, D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 12917.
95. (a) De Marco, R.; Pejcic, B.; Prince, K.; van Riessen, A. Analyst 2003, 128, 742.
96. (b) De Marco, R.; Jiang, Z. T.; Pejcic, B.; Poinen, E. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2005, 152, B389.
97. De Marco, R.; Jiang, Z. T.; Pejcic, B.; van Riessen, A. Electrochim. Acta 2006, 51, 4886.
98. De Marco, R.; Jiang, Z. T.; Martizano, J.; Lowe, A.; Pejcic, B.; van Riessen, A. Electrochim. Acta 2006, 51, 5920.
99. 2+ complex formed as a result of dissolving hydrated Co(II) salts in acetonitrile.
100. ox) peak potentials obtained from cyclic voltammograms.
101. Lehmann, M. W.; Evans, D. H. J. Phys. Chem. B 1998, 102, 9928.
102. (b) Macias-Ruvalcaba, N. A.; Evans, D. H. J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110, 5155.
103. (a) Bard, A. J.; Faulkner, L. R. Electrochemical Methods, 2nd ed.; Wiley: New York, 2001.
104. (b) Murray, R. W., Ed. Molecular Designing of Electrode Surfaces; John Wiley and Sons: New York, 1992.
105. Gunawardena, G.; Hills, G.; Montenegro, I. J. Electroanal. Chem. 1985, 184, 371.
106. Ward, M. D. J. Electroanal. Chem. 1989, 273, 79.
107. 3. Coordinated water in these hydrated phases may result from either adventitious water in acetonitrile or the hydrated Co(II) salts.
108. 2 under these conditions.
109. Khatkale, K. S.; Devlin, J. P. J. Chem. Phys. 1979, 70, 1851.
110. (a) Kamitsos, E. I.; Risen, W. M., Jr. J. Chem. Phys. 1983, 79, 5808.
111. (b) Kamitsos, E. I.; Risen, W. M., Jr. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1986, 134, 31.
112. Ye, C.; Cao, G.; Fang, F.; Xu, H.; Xing, X.; Sun, D.; Chen, G. Micron 2005, 36, 461.
113. 2: C, 57.27; H, 2.40; N, 22.26. Found: C, 57.93; H, 2.53; N, 21.47.
114. Ward, M. D. In Electroanalytical Chemistry; Bard, A. J., Ed.; Dekker: New York, 1989; Vol. 16, p 181.
115. (a) Ilangovan, G.; Zweier, J. L.; Kuppusamy, P. J. Phys. Chem. B 2000, 104, 4047.
116. (b) Wysocka, M.; Winkler, K.; Stork, J. R.; Balch, A. L. Chem. Mater. 2004, 16, 771.
117. (a) Harrison, J. A.; Thirsk, H. R. In Electroanalytical Chemistry; Bard, A. J., Ed.; Dekker: New York, 1971; Vol. 5, p 67.
118. (b) Matthijs, E.; Langerock, S.; Michailova, E.; Heerman, L. J. Electroanal. Chem. 2004, 570, 123.
119. (a) Bosco, E.; Rangarajan, S. K. J. Electroanal. Chem. 1982, 134, 225.
120. (b) Mirkin, M. V.; Nilov, A. P. J. Electroanal. Chem. 1990, 283, 35.
121. Heerman, L.; Tarallo, A. J. Electroanal. Chem. 1999, 470, 70.
122. Gonzalez-Garcia, J.; Gallud, F.; Iniesta, J.; Montiel, V.; Aldaz, A.; Lasia, A. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2000, 147, 2969.
123. (e) Heerman, L.; Tarallo, A. Electrochem. Commun. 2000, 2, 85.
124. (a) Gunawardena, G.; Hills, G.; Montenegro, I.; Scharifker, B. R. J. Electroanal. Chem. 1982, 138, 225.
125. (b) Scharifker, B. R.; Hills, G. Electrochim. Acta. 1983, 28, 879.
126. Scharifker, B. R.; Mostany, J. J. Electroanal. Chem. 1984, 177, 13.
127. Scharifker, B. R. J. Electroanal. Chem. 1998, 458, 253.
128. Karimi, H.; Chambers, J. Q. J. Electroanal. Chem. 1987, 2/7, 313.
129. (a) Lue, J.-M.; Rosokha, S. V.; Kochi, J. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 12161 and references therein,
130. (b) Kertesz, V.; Van Berkel, G. J. J. Solid State Electrochem. 2005, 9, 390.
131. (a) Boyd, R. H.; Phillips, W. D. J. Chem. Phys. 1965, 43, 2927.
132. (b) Bácskai, J.; Inzelt, G. J. Electroanal. Chem. 1991, 310, 379.
133. Faulques, E.; Leblanc, A.; Molinie, P.; Decoster, M.; Conan, F.; Sala-Pala, J. J. Phys. Chem. B 1997, 101, 1561.
134. Takahashi, K.; Kobayashi, K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 5349.