메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 41, Issue 1-2, 2007, Pages 49-56

Posterior cingulate gyrus metabolic changes in chronic schizophrenia with generalized cognitive deficits

Author keywords

Cingulate gyrus; N Acetylaspartate (NAA); Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS); Retrosplenial cortex; Schizophrenia; Wechsler Memory Scale Revised (WMS R)

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; ARTICLE; CINGULATE GYRUS; CLINICAL ARTICLE; COGNITION; COGNITIVE DEFECT; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; MALE; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOLOGIC TEST; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SEX RATIO; TEMPORAL LOBE;

EID: 33750733877     PISSN: 00223956     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2005.04.015     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (35)

References (63)
  • 1
    • 33750702545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th ed. Washington (DC): American Psychiatric Press; 1994.
  • 2
    • 0028842469 scopus 로고
    • Remembering the past: two facets of episodic memory explored with positron emission tomography
    • Andreasen N.C., O'Leary D.S., Cizadlo T., Arndt S., Rezai K., Watkins G.L., et al. Remembering the past: two facets of episodic memory explored with positron emission tomography. Am J Psychiatry 152 (1995) 1576-1585
    • (1995) Am J Psychiatry , vol.152 , pp. 1576-1585
    • Andreasen, N.C.1    O'Leary, D.S.2    Cizadlo, T.3    Arndt, S.4    Rezai, K.5    Watkins, G.L.6
  • 3
    • 0037409849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • N-Acetylaspartate in the vertebrate brain: metabolism and function
    • Baslow M.H. N-Acetylaspartate in the vertebrate brain: metabolism and function. Neurochem Res 28 (2003) 941-953
    • (2003) Neurochem Res , vol.28 , pp. 941-953
    • Baslow, M.H.1
  • 4
    • 0029853927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regionally specific pattern of neurochemical pathology in schizophrenia as assessed by multislice proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging
    • Bertolino A., Nawroz S., Mattay V.S., Barnett A.S., Duyn J.H., Moonen C.T., et al. Regionally specific pattern of neurochemical pathology in schizophrenia as assessed by multislice proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging. Am J Psychiatry 153 (1996) 1554-1563
    • (1996) Am J Psychiatry , vol.153 , pp. 1554-1563
    • Bertolino, A.1    Nawroz, S.2    Mattay, V.S.3    Barnett, A.S.4    Duyn, J.H.5    Moonen, C.T.6
  • 5
    • 18744428638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Common pattern of cortical pathology in childhood-onset and adult-onset schizophrenia as identified by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging
    • Bertolino A., Kumra S., Callicott J.H., Mattay V.S., Lestz R.M., Jacobsen L., et al. Common pattern of cortical pathology in childhood-onset and adult-onset schizophrenia as identified by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging. Am J Psychiatry 155 (1998) 1376-1383
    • (1998) Am J Psychiatry , vol.155 , pp. 1376-1383
    • Bertolino, A.1    Kumra, S.2    Callicott, J.H.3    Mattay, V.S.4    Lestz, R.M.5    Jacobsen, L.6
  • 6
    • 0033961240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specific relationship between prefrontal neuronal N-acetylaspartate and activation of the working memory cortical network in schizophrenia
    • Bertolino A., Esposito G., Callicott J.H., Mattay V.S., Van Horn J.D., Frank J.A., et al. Specific relationship between prefrontal neuronal N-acetylaspartate and activation of the working memory cortical network in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 157 (2000) 26-33
    • (2000) Am J Psychiatry , vol.157 , pp. 26-33
    • Bertolino, A.1    Esposito, G.2    Callicott, J.H.3    Mattay, V.S.4    Van Horn, J.D.5    Frank, J.A.6
  • 7
    • 0035062495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of treatment with antipsychotic drugs on brain N-acetylaspartate measures in patients with schizophrenia
    • Bertolino A., Callicott J.H., Mattay V.S., Weidenhammer K.M., Rakow R., Egan M.F., et al. The effect of treatment with antipsychotic drugs on brain N-acetylaspartate measures in patients with schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 49 (2001) 39-46
    • (2001) Biol Psychiatry , vol.49 , pp. 39-46
    • Bertolino, A.1    Callicott, J.H.2    Mattay, V.S.3    Weidenhammer, K.M.4    Rakow, R.5    Egan, M.F.6
  • 9
    • 0028931857 scopus 로고
    • Multiple significance tests: the Bonferroni method
    • Bland J.M., and Altman D.G. Multiple significance tests: the Bonferroni method. BMJ 310 (1995) 170
    • (1995) BMJ , vol.310 , pp. 170
    • Bland, J.M.1    Altman, D.G.2
  • 10
    • 0026048075 scopus 로고
    • The generalized pattern of neuropsychological deficits in outpatients with chronic schizophrenia with heterogeneous Wisconsin Card Sorting Test results
    • Braff D.L., Heaton R., Kuck J., Cullum M., Moranville J., Grant I., et al. The generalized pattern of neuropsychological deficits in outpatients with chronic schizophrenia with heterogeneous Wisconsin Card Sorting Test results. Arch Gen Psychiatry 48 (1991) 891-898
    • (1991) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.48 , pp. 891-898
    • Braff, D.L.1    Heaton, R.2    Kuck, J.3    Cullum, M.4    Moranville, J.5    Grant, I.6
  • 11
    • 1942473004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Verbal memory in schizophrenia: additional evidence of subtypes having different cognitive deficits
    • Bruder G.E., Wexler B.E., Sage M.M., Gil R.B., and Gorman J.M. Verbal memory in schizophrenia: additional evidence of subtypes having different cognitive deficits. Schizophr Res 68 (2004) 137-147
    • (2004) Schizophr Res , vol.68 , pp. 137-147
    • Bruder, G.E.1    Wexler, B.E.2    Sage, M.M.3    Gil, R.B.4    Gorman, J.M.5
  • 12
    • 0028670705 scopus 로고
    • 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the left temporal and frontal lobes in schizophrenia: clinical, neurodevelopmental, and cognitive correlates
    • Buckley P.F., Moore C., Long H., Larkin C., Thompson P., Mulvany F., et al. 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the left temporal and frontal lobes in schizophrenia: clinical, neurodevelopmental, and cognitive correlates. Biol Psychiatry 36 (1994) 792-800
    • (1994) Biol Psychiatry , vol.36 , pp. 792-800
    • Buckley, P.F.1    Moore, C.2    Long, H.3    Larkin, C.4    Thompson, P.5    Mulvany, F.6
  • 13
    • 0345791457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Posterior cingulate metabolic changes occur in Parkinson's disease patients without dementia
    • Camicioli R.M., Korzan J.R., Foster S.L., Fisher N.J., Emery D.J., Bastos A.C., et al. Posterior cingulate metabolic changes occur in Parkinson's disease patients without dementia. Neurosci Lett 354 (2004) 177-180
    • (2004) Neurosci Lett , vol.354 , pp. 177-180
    • Camicioli, R.M.1    Korzan, J.R.2    Foster, S.L.3    Fisher, N.J.4    Emery, D.J.5    Bastos, A.C.6
  • 14
    • 0031684475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The functional neuroanatomy of episodic memory: the role of the frontal lobes, the hippocampal formation, and other areas
    • Desgranges B., Baron J.C., and Eustache F. The functional neuroanatomy of episodic memory: the role of the frontal lobes, the hippocampal formation, and other areas. Neuroimage 8 (1998) 198-213
    • (1998) Neuroimage , vol.8 , pp. 198-213
    • Desgranges, B.1    Baron, J.C.2    Eustache, F.3
  • 15
    • 0032053871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hippocampal neuronal dysfunction in schizophrenia as measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy
    • Deicken R.F., Zhou L., Schuff N., Fein G., and Weiner M.W. Hippocampal neuronal dysfunction in schizophrenia as measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Biol Psychiatry 43 (1998) 483-488
    • (1998) Biol Psychiatry , vol.43 , pp. 483-488
    • Deicken, R.F.1    Zhou, L.2    Schuff, N.3    Fein, G.4    Weiner, M.W.5
  • 16
    • 0036456277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) in schizophrenia: investigation of the right and left hippocampus, thalamus, and prefrontal cortex
    • Delamillieure P., Constans J.M., Fernandez J., Brazo P., Benali K., Courtheoux P., et al. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) in schizophrenia: investigation of the right and left hippocampus, thalamus, and prefrontal cortex. Schizophr Bull 28 (2002) 329-339
    • (2002) Schizophr Bull , vol.28 , pp. 329-339
    • Delamillieure, P.1    Constans, J.M.2    Fernandez, J.3    Brazo, P.4    Benali, K.5    Courtheoux, P.6
  • 17
    • 0034037340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the medial prefrontal cortex in patients with deficit schizophrenia: preliminary report
    • Delamillieure P., Fernandez J., Constans J.M., Brazo P., Benali K., Abadie P., et al. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the medial prefrontal cortex in patients with deficit schizophrenia: preliminary report. Am J Psychiatry 157 (2000) 641-643
    • (2000) Am J Psychiatry , vol.157 , pp. 641-643
    • Delamillieure, P.1    Fernandez, J.2    Constans, J.M.3    Brazo, P.4    Benali, K.5    Abadie, P.6
  • 18
    • 1842525247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • General and specific cognitive deficits in schizophrenia
    • Dickinson D., Iannone V.N., Wilk C.M., and Gold J.M. General and specific cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 55 (2004) 826-833
    • (2004) Biol Psychiatry , vol.55 , pp. 826-833
    • Dickinson, D.1    Iannone, V.N.2    Wilk, C.M.3    Gold, J.M.4
  • 20
    • 0034481144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia is the core of the disorder
    • Elvevag B., and Goldberg T.E. Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia is the core of the disorder. Crit Rev Neurobiol 14 (2000) 1-21
    • (2000) Crit Rev Neurobiol , vol.14 , pp. 1-21
    • Elvevag, B.1    Goldberg, T.E.2
  • 21
    • 0242380353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective deficit of hippocampal N-acetylaspartate in antipsychotic-naive patients with schizophrenia
    • Fannon D., Simmons A., Tennakoon L., O'Ceallaigh S., Sumich A., Doku V., et al. Selective deficit of hippocampal N-acetylaspartate in antipsychotic-naive patients with schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 54 (2003) 587-598
    • (2003) Biol Psychiatry , vol.54 , pp. 587-598
    • Fannon, D.1    Simmons, A.2    Tennakoon, L.3    O'Ceallaigh, S.4    Sumich, A.5    Doku, V.6
  • 22
    • 0027521274 scopus 로고
    • Neuronal vacuolization and necrosis induced by the noncompetitive N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist MK(+)801 (dizocilpine maleate): a light and electron microscopic evaluation of the rat retrosplenial cortex
    • Fix A.S., Horn J.W., Wightman K.A., Johnson C.A., Long G.G., Storts R.W., et al. Neuronal vacuolization and necrosis induced by the noncompetitive N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist MK(+)801 (dizocilpine maleate): a light and electron microscopic evaluation of the rat retrosplenial cortex. Exp Neurol 123 (1993) 204-215
    • (1993) Exp Neurol , vol.123 , pp. 204-215
    • Fix, A.S.1    Horn, J.W.2    Wightman, K.A.3    Johnson, C.A.4    Long, G.G.5    Storts, R.W.6
  • 23
    • 0024370099 scopus 로고
    • Localized proton NMR spectroscopy in different regions of the human brain in vivo. Relaxation times and concentrations of cerebral metabolites
    • Frahm J., Bruhn H., Gyngell M.L., Merboldt K.D., Hanicke W., and Sauter R. Localized proton NMR spectroscopy in different regions of the human brain in vivo. Relaxation times and concentrations of cerebral metabolites. Magn Reson Med 11 (1989) 47-63
    • (1989) Magn Reson Med , vol.11 , pp. 47-63
    • Frahm, J.1    Bruhn, H.2    Gyngell, M.L.3    Merboldt, K.D.4    Hanicke, W.5    Sauter, R.6
  • 24
    • 0028875636 scopus 로고
    • Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the left medial temporal and frontal lobes in chronic schizophrenia: preliminary report
    • Fukuzako H., Takeuchi K., Hokazono Y., Fukuzako T., Yamada K., Hashiguchi T., et al. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the left medial temporal and frontal lobes in chronic schizophrenia: preliminary report. Psychiatry Res 61 (1995) 193-200
    • (1995) Psychiatry Res , vol.61 , pp. 193-200
    • Fukuzako, H.1    Takeuchi, K.2    Hokazono, Y.3    Fukuzako, T.4    Yamada, K.5    Hashiguchi, T.6
  • 25
    • 0028943166 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive deficits and the neurobiology of schizophrenia
    • Gold J.M., and Weinberger D.R. Cognitive deficits and the neurobiology of schizophrenia. Curr Opin Neurobiol 5 (1995) 225-230
    • (1995) Curr Opin Neurobiol , vol.5 , pp. 225-230
    • Gold, J.M.1    Weinberger, D.R.2
  • 26
    • 0036197258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia and targets for new antipsychotic drugs
    • Japanese
    • Hashimoto K., and Iyo M. Glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia and targets for new antipsychotic drugs. Nihon Shinkei Seishin Yakurigaku Zasshi 22 (2002) 3-13 Japanese
    • (2002) Nihon Shinkei Seishin Yakurigaku Zasshi , vol.22 , pp. 3-13
    • Hashimoto, K.1    Iyo, M.2
  • 27
    • 0037977113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased serum levels of d-serine in patients with schizophrenia: evidence in support of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor hypofunction hypothesis of schizophrenia
    • Hashimoto K., Fukushima T., Shimizu E., Komatsu N., Watanabe H., Shinoda N., et al. Decreased serum levels of d-serine in patients with schizophrenia: evidence in support of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor hypofunction hypothesis of schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 60 (2003) 572-576
    • (2003) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.60 , pp. 572-576
    • Hashimoto, K.1    Fukushima, T.2    Shimizu, E.3    Komatsu, N.4    Watanabe, H.5    Shinoda, N.6
  • 28
    • 0032569216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in schizophrenia and exploration of drug effect
    • Heimberg C., Komoroski R.A., Lawson W.B., Cardwell D., and Karson C.N. Regional proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in schizophrenia and exploration of drug effect. Psychiatry Res 83 (1998) 105-115
    • (1998) Psychiatry Res , vol.83 , pp. 105-115
    • Heimberg, C.1    Komoroski, R.A.2    Lawson, W.B.3    Cardwell, D.4    Karson, C.N.5
  • 30
    • 0025952455 scopus 로고
    • Recent advances in the phencyclidine model of schizophrenia
    • Javitt D.C., and Zukin S.R. Recent advances in the phencyclidine model of schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 148 (1991) 1301-1308
    • (1991) Am J Psychiatry , vol.148 , pp. 1301-1308
    • Javitt, D.C.1    Zukin, S.R.2
  • 31
    • 0034006477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonlinear decrease over time in N-acetyl aspartate levels in the absence of neuronal loss and increases in glutamine and glucose in transgenic Huntington's disease mice
    • Jenkins B.G., Klivenyi P., Kustermann E., Andreassen O.A., Ferrante R.J., Rosen B.R., et al. Nonlinear decrease over time in N-acetyl aspartate levels in the absence of neuronal loss and increases in glutamine and glucose in transgenic Huntington's disease mice. J Neurochem 74 (2000) 2108-2119
    • (2000) J Neurochem , vol.74 , pp. 2108-2119
    • Jenkins, B.G.1    Klivenyi, P.2    Kustermann, E.3    Andreassen, O.A.4    Ferrante, R.J.5    Rosen, B.R.6
  • 34
    • 0028868860 scopus 로고
    • Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy: an in vivo method of estimating hippocampal neuronal depletion in schizophrenia
    • Maier M., Ron M.A., Barker G.J., and Tofts P.S. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy: an in vivo method of estimating hippocampal neuronal depletion in schizophrenia. Psychol Med 25 (1995) 1201-1209
    • (1995) Psychol Med , vol.25 , pp. 1201-1209
    • Maier, M.1    Ron, M.A.2    Barker, G.J.3    Tofts, P.S.4
  • 35
    • 0026147120 scopus 로고
    • A review of chemical issues in 1H NMR spectroscopy: N-acetyl-l-aspartate, creatine and choline
    • Miller B.L. A review of chemical issues in 1H NMR spectroscopy: N-acetyl-l-aspartate, creatine and choline. NMR Biomed 4 (1991) 47-52
    • (1991) NMR Biomed , vol.4 , pp. 47-52
    • Miller, B.L.1
  • 36
    • 0028131438 scopus 로고
    • Posterior cingulate cortex in Alzheimer's disease
    • Minoshima S., Foster N.L., and Kuhl D.E. Posterior cingulate cortex in Alzheimer's disease. Lancet 344 (1994) 895
    • (1994) Lancet , vol.344 , pp. 895
    • Minoshima, S.1    Foster, N.L.2    Kuhl, D.E.3
  • 37
    • 0030874251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic reduction in the posterior cingulate cortex in very early Alzheimer's disease
    • Minoshima S., Giordani B., Berent S., Frey K.A., Foster N.L., and Kuhl D.E. Metabolic reduction in the posterior cingulate cortex in very early Alzheimer's disease. Ann Neurol 42 (1997) 85-94
    • (1997) Ann Neurol , vol.42 , pp. 85-94
    • Minoshima, S.1    Giordani, B.2    Berent, S.3    Frey, K.A.4    Foster, N.L.5    Kuhl, D.E.6
  • 38
    • 0032811224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generalized cognitive deficits in schizophrenia: a study of first-episode patients
    • Mohamed S., Paulsen J.S., O'Leary D., Arndt S., and Andreasen N. Generalized cognitive deficits in schizophrenia: a study of first-episode patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry 56 (1999) 749-754
    • (1999) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.56 , pp. 749-754
    • Mohamed, S.1    Paulsen, J.S.2    O'Leary, D.3    Arndt, S.4    Andreasen, N.5
  • 39
    • 0026437728 scopus 로고
    • Molecular diversity of glutamate receptors and implications for brain function
    • Nakanishi S. Molecular diversity of glutamate receptors and implications for brain function. Science 258 (1992) 597-603
    • (1992) Science , vol.258 , pp. 597-603
    • Nakanishi, S.1
  • 40
    • 0027965484 scopus 로고
    • Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) of the hippocampal formation in schizophrenia: a pilot study
    • Nasrallah H.A., Skinner T.E., Schmalbrock P., and Robitaille P.M. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) of the hippocampal formation in schizophrenia: a pilot study. Br J Psychiatry 165 (1994) 481-485
    • (1994) Br J Psychiatry , vol.165 , pp. 481-485
    • Nasrallah, H.A.1    Skinner, T.E.2    Schmalbrock, P.3    Robitaille, P.M.4
  • 42
    • 0029877071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Network analysis of positron emission tomography regional cerebral blood flow data: ensemble inhibition during episodic memory retrieval
    • Nyberg L., McIntosh A.R., Cabeza R., Nilsson L.G., Houle S., Habib R., et al. Network analysis of positron emission tomography regional cerebral blood flow data: ensemble inhibition during episodic memory retrieval. J Neurosci 16 (1996) 3753-3759
    • (1996) J Neurosci , vol.16 , pp. 3753-3759
    • Nyberg, L.1    McIntosh, A.R.2    Cabeza, R.3    Nilsson, L.G.4    Houle, S.5    Habib, R.6
  • 43
    • 0015021890 scopus 로고
    • The assessment and analysis of handedness: the Edinburgh inventory
    • Oldfield R.C. The assessment and analysis of handedness: the Edinburgh inventory. Neuropsychologia 9 (1971) 97-113
    • (1971) Neuropsychologia , vol.9 , pp. 97-113
    • Oldfield, R.C.1
  • 44
    • 0024338054 scopus 로고
    • Pathological changes induced in cerebrocortical neurons by phencyclidine and related drugs
    • Olney J.W., Labruyere J., and Price M.T. Pathological changes induced in cerebrocortical neurons by phencyclidine and related drugs. Science 244 (1989) 1360-1362
    • (1989) Science , vol.244 , pp. 1360-1362
    • Olney, J.W.1    Labruyere, J.2    Price, M.T.3
  • 45
    • 0028850552 scopus 로고
    • Glutamate receptor dysfunction and schizophrenia
    • Olney J.W., and Farber N.B. Glutamate receptor dysfunction and schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 52 (1995) 998-1007
    • (1995) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.52 , pp. 998-1007
    • Olney, J.W.1    Farber, N.B.2
  • 46
    • 0000503515 scopus 로고
    • The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale
    • Overall J.E., and Gorham D.R. The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Psychol Rep 10 (1962) 799-812
    • (1962) Psychol Rep , vol.10 , pp. 799-812
    • Overall, J.E.1    Gorham, D.R.2
  • 47
    • 0030750352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frontal-striatal cognitive deficits in patients with chronic schizophrenia
    • Pantelis C., Barnes T.R., Nelson H.E., Tanner S., Weatherley L., Owen A.M., et al. Frontal-striatal cognitive deficits in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Brain 120 (1997) 1823-1843
    • (1997) Brain , vol.120 , pp. 1823-1843
    • Pantelis, C.1    Barnes, T.R.2    Nelson, H.E.3    Tanner, S.4    Weatherley, L.5    Owen, A.M.6
  • 48
    • 0028236367 scopus 로고
    • Brain regions associated with acquisition and retrieval of verbal episodic memory
    • Shallice T., Fletcher P., Frith C.D., Grasby P., Frackowiak R.S., and Dolan R.J. Brain regions associated with acquisition and retrieval of verbal episodic memory. Nature 368 (1994) 633-635
    • (1994) Nature , vol.368 , pp. 633-635
    • Shallice, T.1    Fletcher, P.2    Frith, C.D.3    Grasby, P.4    Frackowiak, R.S.5    Dolan, R.J.6
  • 49
    • 0037349471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive function in schizophrenia. Deficits, functional consequences, and future treatment
    • Sharma T., and Antonova L. Cognitive function in schizophrenia. Deficits, functional consequences, and future treatment. Psychiatr Clin North Am 26 (2003) 25-40
    • (2003) Psychiatr Clin North Am , vol.26 , pp. 25-40
    • Sharma, T.1    Antonova, L.2
  • 50
    • 0034634351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NMDA receptor-dependent synaptic reinforcement as a crucial process for memory consolidation
    • Shimizu E., Tang Y.P., Rampon C., and Tsien J.Z. NMDA receptor-dependent synaptic reinforcement as a crucial process for memory consolidation. Science 290 (2000) 1170-1174
    • (2000) Science , vol.290 , pp. 1170-1174
    • Shimizu, E.1    Tang, Y.P.2    Rampon, C.3    Tsien, J.Z.4
  • 52
    • 0035749539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning Chinese characters may improve visual recall
    • Sugishita M., and Omura K. Learning Chinese characters may improve visual recall. Percept Mot Skills 93 (2001) 579-594
    • (2001) Percept Mot Skills , vol.93 , pp. 579-594
    • Sugishita, M.1    Omura, K.2
  • 55
    • 0028978925 scopus 로고
    • N-Acetylaspartate in neuropsychiatric disorders
    • Tsai G., and Coyle J.T. N-Acetylaspartate in neuropsychiatric disorders. Prog Neurobiol 46 (1995) 531-540
    • (1995) Prog Neurobiol , vol.46 , pp. 531-540
    • Tsai, G.1    Coyle, J.T.2
  • 56
    • 0036174640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamatergic mechanisms in schizophrenia
    • Tsai G., and Coyle J.T. Glutamatergic mechanisms in schizophrenia. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 42 (2002) 165-179
    • (2002) Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol , vol.42 , pp. 165-179
    • Tsai, G.1    Coyle, J.T.2
  • 57
    • 0033663587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ketamine-induced deficits in auditory and visual context-dependent processing in healthy volunteers: implications for models of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia
    • Umbricht D., Schmid L., Koller R., Vollenweider F.X., Hell D., and Javitt D.C. Ketamine-induced deficits in auditory and visual context-dependent processing in healthy volunteers: implications for models of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 57 (2000) 1139-1147
    • (2000) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.57 , pp. 1139-1147
    • Umbricht, D.1    Schmid, L.2    Koller, R.3    Vollenweider, F.X.4    Hell, D.5    Javitt, D.C.6
  • 59
    • 0028224243 scopus 로고
    • Automated single-voxel proton MRS: technical development and multisite verification
    • Webb P.G., Sailasuta N., Kohler S.J., Raidy T., Moats R.A., and Hurd R.E. Automated single-voxel proton MRS: technical development and multisite verification. Magn Reson Med 31 (1994) 365-373
    • (1994) Magn Reson Med , vol.31 , pp. 365-373
    • Webb, P.G.1    Sailasuta, N.2    Kohler, S.J.3    Raidy, T.4    Moats, R.A.5    Hurd, R.E.6
  • 63
    • 0029878658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the temporal lobes in schizophrenics and healthy controls
    • Yurgelun-Todd D.A., Renshaw P.F., Gruber S.A., Ed M., Waternaux C., and Cohen B.M. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the temporal lobes in schizophrenics and healthy controls. Schizophr Res 19 (1996) 55-59
    • (1996) Schizophr Res , vol.19 , pp. 55-59
    • Yurgelun-Todd, D.A.1    Renshaw, P.F.2    Gruber, S.A.3    Ed, M.4    Waternaux, C.5    Cohen, B.M.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.