메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 6, Issue 10, 2006, Pages 785-790

B-cell memory: Are subsets necessary?

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

IMMUNOGLOBULIN G;

EID: 33749021665     PISSN: 14741733     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nri1938     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (125)

References (62)
  • 1
    • 0030006070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clonal selection and learning in the antibody system
    • Rajewsky, K. Clonal selection and learning in the antibody system. Nature 381, 751-758 (1996).
    • (1996) Nature , vol.381 , pp. 751-758
    • Rajewsky, K.1
  • 2
    • 0029873751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On immunological memory
    • Zinkernagel, R. M. et al. On immunological memory. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 14, 333-367 (1996).
    • (1996) Annu. Rev. Immunol. , vol.14 , pp. 333-367
    • Zinkernagel, R.M.1
  • 3
    • 0034281199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What is missing in immunology to understand immunity?
    • Zinkernagel, R. M. What is missing in immunology to understand immunity? Nature Immunol. 1, 181-185 (2000).
    • (2000) Nature Immunol. , vol.1 , pp. 181-185
    • Zinkernagel, R.M.1
  • 4
    • 0036884742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progressive differentiation and selection of the fittest in the immune response
    • Lanzavecchia, A. & Sallusto, F. Progressive differentiation and selection of the fittest in the immune response. Nature Rev. Immunol. 2, 982-987 (2002).
    • (2002) Nature Rev. Immunol. , vol.2 , pp. 982-987
    • Lanzavecchia, A.1    Sallusto, F.2
  • 5
    • 14944361903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maintenance of serum antibody levels
    • Manz, R. A. et al. Maintenance of serum antibody levels. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 23, 367-386 (2005).
    • (2005) Annu. Rev. Immunol. , vol.23 , pp. 367-386
    • Manz, R.A.1
  • 6
    • 4444335352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B1b lymphocytes confer T cell-independent long-lasting immunity
    • Alugupalli, K. R. et al. B1b lymphocytes confer T cell-independent long-lasting immunity. Immunity 21, 379-390 (2004).
    • (2004) Immunity , vol.21 , pp. 379-390
    • Alugupalli, K.R.1
  • 7
    • 0032476611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + peripheral blood B cells expressing the CD27 cell surface antigen carry somatically mutated variable region genes: CD27 as a general marker for somatically mutated (memory) B cells
    • + peripheral blood B cells expressing the CD27 cell surface antigen carry somatically mutated variable region genes: CD27 as a general marker for somatically mutated (memory) B cells. J. Exp. Med. 188, 1679-1689 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Exp. Med. , vol.188 , pp. 1679-1689
    • Klein, U.1
  • 8
    • 0032476617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of functional human splenic memory B cells by expression of CD148 and CD27
    • Tangye, S. G. et al. Identification of functional human splenic memory B cells by expression of CD148 and CD27. J. Exp. Med. 188, 1691-1703 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Exp. Med. , vol.188 , pp. 1691-1703
    • Tangye, S.G.1
  • 9
    • 25144475070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of the immunoregulatory molecule FcRH4 defines a distinctive tissue-based population of memory B cells
    • Ehrhardt, G. R. et al. Expression of the immunoregulatory molecule FcRH4 defines a distinctive tissue-based population of memory B cells. J. Exp. Med. 202, 783-791 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Exp. Med. , vol.202 , pp. 783-791
    • Ehrhardt, G.R.1
  • 11
    • 0037029607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Very low affinity B cells form germinal centers, become memory B cells, and participate in secondary immune responses when higher affinity competition is reduced
    • Dal Porto, J. M. et al. Very low affinity B cells form germinal centers, become memory B cells, and participate in secondary immune responses when higher affinity competition is reduced. J. Exp. Med. 195, 1215-1221 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Exp. Med. , vol.195 , pp. 1215-1221
    • Dal Porto, J.M.1
  • 12
    • 0036073140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of BCR affinity in T cell dependent antibody responses in vivo
    • Shih, T. A. et al. Role of BCR affinity in T cell dependent antibody responses in vivo. Nature Immunol. 3, 570-575 (2002).
    • (2002) Nature Immunol. , vol.3 , pp. 570-575
    • Shih, T.A.1
  • 13
    • 17644365138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemokines, sphingosine-1-phosphate, and cell migration in secondary lymphoid organs
    • Cyster, J. G. Chemokines, sphingosine-1-phosphate, and cell migration in secondary lymphoid organs. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 23, 127-159 (2005).
    • (2005) Annu. Rev. Immunol. , vol.23 , pp. 127-159
    • Cyster, J.G.1
  • 14
    • 0038675204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extrafollicular antibody responses
    • MacLennan, I. C. et al. Extrafollicular antibody responses. Immunol. Rev. 194, 8-18 (2003).
    • (2003) Immunol. Rev. , vol.194 , pp. 8-18
    • MacLennan, I.C.1
  • 15
    • 0030026284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The phenotype and fate of the antibody-forming cells of the splenic foci
    • Smith, K. G. et al. The phenotype and fate of the antibody-forming cells of the splenic foci. Eur. J. Immunol. 26, 444-448 (1996).
    • (1996) Eur. J. Immunol. , vol.26 , pp. 444-448
    • Smith, K.G.1
  • 16
    • 0141576692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reassessing the function of immune-complex retention by follicular dendritic cells
    • Haberman, A. M. & Shlomchik, M. J. Reassessing the function of immune-complex retention by follicular dendritic cells. Nature Rev. Immunol. 3, 757-764 (2003).
    • (2003) Nature Rev. Immunol. , vol.3 , pp. 757-764
    • Haberman, A.M.1    Shlomchik, M.J.2
  • 17
    • 0023686940 scopus 로고
    • B cell memory to thymus-independent antigens type 1 and type 2: The role of lipopolysaccharide in B memory induction
    • Zhang, J. et al. B cell memory to thymus-independent antigens type 1 and type 2: the role of lipopolysaccharide in B memory induction. Eur. J. Immunol. 18, 1417-1424 (1988).
    • (1988) Eur. J. Immunol. , vol.18 , pp. 1417-1424
    • Zhang, J.1
  • 18
    • 33344470255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T-independent type II immune responses generate memory B cells
    • Obukhanych, T. V. & Nussenzweig, M. C. T-independent type II immune responses generate memory B cells. J. Exp. Med. 203, 305-310 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Exp. Med. , vol.203 , pp. 305-310
    • Obukhanych, T.V.1    Nussenzweig, M.C.2
  • 19
    • 0033919570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B-1 cells: The lineage question revisited
    • Herzenberg, L. A. B-1 cells: the lineage question revisited. Immunol. Rev. 175, 9-22 (2000).
    • (2000) Immunol. Rev. , vol.175 , pp. 9-22
    • Herzenberg, L.A.1
  • 20
    • 0036754646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Memory B cells without somatic hypermutation are generated from Bcl6-deficient B cells
    • Toyama, H. et al. Memory B cells without somatic hypermutation are generated from Bcl6-deficient B cells. Immunity 17, 329-339 (2002).
    • (2002) Immunity , vol.17 , pp. 329-339
    • Toyama, H.1
  • 22
    • 0031754923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survival of long-lived plasma cells is independent of antigen
    • Manz, R. A. et al. Survival of long-lived plasma cells is independent of antigen. Int. Immunol. 10, 1703-1711 (1998).
    • (1998) Int. Immunol. , vol.10 , pp. 1703-1711
    • Manz, R.A.1
  • 23
    • 0142219442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blimp-1 is required for the formation of immunoglobulin secreting plasma cells and pre-plasma memory B cells
    • Shapiro-Shelef, M. et al. Blimp-1 is required for the formation of immunoglobulin secreting plasma cells and pre-plasma memory B cells. Immunity 19, 607-620 (2003).
    • (2003) Immunity , vol.19 , pp. 607-620
    • Shapiro-Shelef, M.1
  • 24
    • 11844275376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of antigen-capturing cells as basophils
    • Mack, M. et al. Identification of antigen-capturing cells as basophils. J. Immunol. 174, 735-741 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Immunol. , vol.174 , pp. 735-741
    • Mack, M.1
  • 25
    • 0037853253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antigen-capturing cells can masquerade as memory B cells
    • Bell, J. & Gray, D. Antigen-capturing cells can masquerade as memory B cells. J. Exp. Med. 197, 1233-1244 (2003).
    • (2003) J. Exp. Med. , vol.197 , pp. 1233-1244
    • Bell, J.1    Gray, D.2
  • 26
    • 7244231012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma cell ontogeny defined by quantitative changes in Blimp-1 expression
    • Kallies, A. et al. Plasma cell ontogeny defined by quantitative changes in Blimp-1 expression. J. Exp. Med. 200, 967-977 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Exp. Med. , vol.200 , pp. 967-977
    • Kallies, A.1
  • 27
    • 14244257818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early appearance of germinal center-derived memory B cells and plasma cells in blood after primary immunization
    • Blink, E. J. et al. Early appearance of germinal center-derived memory B cells and plasma cells in blood after primary immunization. J. Exp. Med. 201, 545-554 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Exp. Med. , vol.201 , pp. 545-554
    • Blink, E.J.1
  • 28
    • 0037128644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-lived and long-lived bone marrow plasma cells are derived from a novel precursor population
    • O'Connor, B. P. et al. Short-lived and long-lived bone marrow plasma cells are derived from a novel precursor population. J. Exp. Med. 195, 737-745 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Exp. Med. , vol.195 , pp. 737-745
    • O'Connor, B.P.1
  • 29
    • 0024201220 scopus 로고
    • A subpopulation of germinal center B cells differentiate directly into antibody forming cells upon secondary immunization
    • Tew, J. G. et al. A subpopulation of germinal center B cells differentiate directly into antibody forming cells upon secondary immunization. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 237, 215-220 (1988).
    • (1988) Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. , vol.237 , pp. 215-220
    • Tew, J.G.1
  • 30
    • 0034669911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Commitment of B lymphocytes to a plasma cell fate is associated with Blimp-1 expression in vivo
    • Angelin-Duclos, C. et al. Commitment of B lymphocytes to a plasma cell fate is associated with Blimp-1 expression in vivo. J. Immunol. 165, 5462-5471 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Immunol. , vol.165 , pp. 5462-5471
    • Angelin-Duclos, C.1
  • 31
    • 0028447437 scopus 로고
    • The immune responses in CD40-deficient mice: Impaired immunoglobulin class switching and germinal center formation
    • Kawabe, T. et al. The immune responses in CD40-deficient mice: impaired immunoglobulin class switching and germinal center formation. Immunity 1, 167-178 (1994).
    • (1994) Immunity , vol.1 , pp. 167-178
    • Kawabe, T.1
  • 32
    • 0029052398 scopus 로고
    • Cellular interaction in germinal centers. Roles of CD40 ligand and B7-2 in established germinal centers
    • Han, S. et al. Cellular interaction in germinal centers. Roles of CD40 ligand and B7-2 in established germinal centers. J. Immunol. 155, 556-567 (1995).
    • (1995) J. Immunol. , vol.155 , pp. 556-567
    • Han, S.1
  • 33
    • 0037438633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intrinsic differences in the proliferation of naive and memory human B cells as a mechanism for enhanced secondary immune responses
    • Tangye, S. G. et al. Intrinsic differences in the proliferation of naive and memory human B cells as a mechanism for enhanced secondary immune responses. J. Immunol. 170, 686-694 (2003).
    • (2003) J. Immunol. , vol.170 , pp. 686-694
    • Tangye, S.G.1
  • 34
    • 0347756722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence from the generation of immunoglobulin G-secreting cells that stochastic mechanisms regulate lymphocyte differentiation
    • Hasbold, J. et al. Evidence from the generation of immunoglobulin G-secreting cells that stochastic mechanisms regulate lymphocyte differentiation. Nature Immunol. 5, 55-63 (2004).
    • (2004) Nature Immunol. , vol.5 , pp. 55-63
    • Hasbold, J.1
  • 35
    • 0029055061 scopus 로고
    • Generation of memory B cells and plasma cells in vitro
    • Arpin, C. et al. Generation of memory B cells and plasma cells in vitro. Science 268, 720-722 (1995).
    • (1995) Science , vol.268 , pp. 720-722
    • Arpin, C.1
  • 36
    • 0032100715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arrest of B lymphocyte terminal differentiation by CD40 signaling: Mechanism for lack of antibody-secreting cells in germinal centers
    • Randall, T. D. et al. Arrest of B lymphocyte terminal differentiation by CD40 signaling: mechanism for lack of antibody-secreting cells in germinal centers. Immunity 8, 733-742 (1998).
    • (1998) Immunity , vol.8 , pp. 733-742
    • Randall, T.D.1
  • 37
    • 0034268780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Class switch recombination and hypermutation require activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), a potential RNA editing enzyme
    • Muramatsu, M. et al. Class switch recombination and hypermutation require activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), a potential RNA editing enzyme. Cell 102, 553-563 (2000).
    • (2000) Cell , vol.102 , pp. 553-563
    • Muramatsu, M.1
  • 38
    • 1542329612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of activation-induced cytidine deaminase gene expression by IL-4 and CD40 ligation is dependent on STAT6 and NFκB
    • Dedeoglu, F. et al. Induction of activation-induced cytidine deaminase gene expression by IL-4 and CD40 ligation is dependent on STAT6 and NFκB. Int. Immunol. 16, 395-404 (2004).
    • (2004) Int. Immunol. , vol.16 , pp. 395-404
    • Dedeoglu, F.1
  • 39
    • 0029876593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD40-mediated signaling in B cells. Balancing cell survival, growth, and death
    • Kehry, M. R. CD40-mediated signaling in B cells. Balancing cell survival, growth, and death. J. Immunol. 156, 2345-2348 (1996).
    • (1996) J. Immunol. , vol.156 , pp. 2345-2348
    • Kehry, M.R.1
  • 40
    • 0029819465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bcl-x rather than Bcl-2 mediates CD40-dependent centrocyte survival in the germinal center
    • Tuscano, J. M. et al. Bcl-x rather than Bcl-2 mediates CD40-dependent centrocyte survival in the germinal center. Blood 88, 1359-1364 (1996).
    • (1996) Blood , vol.88 , pp. 1359-1364
    • Tuscano, J.M.1
  • 41
    • 31344479725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD45 links the B cell receptor with cell survival and is required for the persistence of germinal centers
    • Huntington, N. D. et al. CD45 links the B cell receptor with cell survival and is required for the persistence of germinal centers. Nature Immunol. 7, 190-198 (2006).
    • (2006) Nature Immunol. , vol.7 , pp. 190-198
    • Huntington, N.D.1
  • 42
    • 0024799016 scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of antigen-driven selection in germinal centres
    • Liu, Y. J. et al. Mechanism of antigen-driven selection in germinal centres. Nature 342, 929-931 (1989).
    • (1989) Nature , vol.342 , pp. 929-931
    • Liu, Y.J.1
  • 43
    • 0025873842 scopus 로고
    • Germinal center cells express bcl-2 protein after activation by signals which prevent their entry into apoptosis
    • Liu, Y. J. et al. Germinal center cells express bcl-2 protein after activation by signals which prevent their entry into apoptosis. Eur. J. Immunol. 21, 1905-1910 (1991).
    • (1991) Eur. J. Immunol. , vol.21 , pp. 1905-1910
    • Liu, Y.J.1
  • 44
    • 0021956416 scopus 로고
    • Antigen-specific interaction between T and B cells
    • Lanzavecchia, A. Antigen-specific interaction between T and B cells. Nature 314, 537-539 (1985).
    • (1985) Nature , vol.314 , pp. 537-539
    • Lanzavecchia, A.1
  • 45
    • 0032100706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Affinity dependence of the B cell response to antigen: A threshold, a ceiling, and the importance of off-rate
    • Batista, F. D. & Neuberger, M. S. Affinity dependence of the B cell response to antigen: a threshold, a ceiling, and the importance of off-rate. Immunity 8, 751-759 (1998).
    • (1998) Immunity , vol.8 , pp. 751-759
    • Batista, F.D.1    Neuberger, M.S.2
  • 46
    • 1642500083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aiolos is required for the generation of high affinity bone marrow plasma cells responsible for long-term immunity
    • Cortes, M. & Georgopoulos, K. Aiolos is required for the generation of high affinity bone marrow plasma cells responsible for long-term immunity. J. Exp. Med. 199, 209-219 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Exp. Med. , vol.199 , pp. 209-219
    • Cortes, M.1    Georgopoulos, K.2
  • 47
    • 0032536872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In situ studies of the primary immune response to (4-hydroxy-3- nitrophenyl)acetyl. V. Affinity maturation develops in two stages of clonal selection
    • Takahashi, Y. et al. In situ studies of the primary immune response to (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl. V. Affinity maturation develops in two stages of clonal selection. J. Exp. Med. 187, 885-895 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Exp. Med. , vol.187 , pp. 885-895
    • Takahashi, Y.1
  • 48
    • 0030925491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The extent of affinity maturation differs between the memory and antibody-forming cell compartments in the primary immune response
    • Smith, K. G. et al. The extent of affinity maturation differs between the memory and antibody-forming cell compartments in the primary immune response. EMBO J. 16, 2996-3006 (1997).
    • (1997) EMBO J. , vol.16 , pp. 2996-3006
    • Smith, K.G.1
  • 49
    • 33645856486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antigen recognition strength regulates the choice between extrafollicular plasma cell and germinal center B cell differentiation
    • Paus, D. et al. Antigen recognition strength regulates the choice between extrafollicular plasma cell and germinal center B cell differentiation. J. Exp. Med. 203, 1081-1091 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Exp. Med. , vol.203 , pp. 1081-1091
    • Paus, D.1
  • 50
    • 0030683640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defective B cell receptor-mediated responses in mice lacking the Ets protein, Spi-B
    • Su, G. H. et al. Defective B cell receptor-mediated responses in mice lacking the Ets protein, Spi-B. EMBO J. 16, 7118-7129 (1997).
    • (1997) EMBO J. , vol.16 , pp. 7118-7129
    • Su, G.H.1
  • 51
    • 0036360020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A role for antigen in the maintenance of immunological memory
    • Gray, D. A role for antigen in the maintenance of immunological memory. Nature Rev. Immunol. 2, 60-65 (2002).
    • (2002) Nature Rev. Immunol. , vol.2 , pp. 60-65
    • Gray, D.1
  • 52
    • 0020029556 scopus 로고
    • Induction and persistence of local B cell memory in mice
    • Baine, Y. & Thorbecke, G. J. Induction and persistence of local B cell memory in mice. J. Immunol. 128, 639-643 (1982).
    • (1982) J. Immunol. , vol.128 , pp. 639-643
    • Baine, Y.1    Thorbecke, G.J.2
  • 53
    • 0029936947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of long-lived germinal centers associated with persisting antigen after viral infection
    • Bachmann, M. F. et al. Induction of long-lived germinal centers associated with persisting antigen after viral infection. J. Exp. Med. 183, 2259-2269 (1996).
    • (1996) J. Exp. Med. , vol.183 , pp. 2259-2269
    • Bachmann, M.F.1
  • 54
    • 0035099037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fas is required for clonal selection in germinal centers and the subsequent establishment of the memory B cell repertoire
    • Takahashi, Y. et al. Fas is required for clonal selection in germinal centers and the subsequent establishment of the memory B cell repertoire. Immunity 14, 181-192 (2001).
    • (2001) Immunity , vol.14 , pp. 181-192
    • Takahashi, Y.1
  • 55
    • 0034614896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bcl-2 transgene expression inhibits apoptosis in the germinal center and reveals differences in the selection of memory B cells and bone marrow antibody-forming cells
    • Smith, K. G. et al. bcl-2 transgene expression inhibits apoptosis in the germinal center and reveals differences in the selection of memory B cells and bone marrow antibody-forming cells. J. Exp. Med. 191, 475-484 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Exp. Med. , vol.191 , pp. 475-484
    • Smith, K.G.1
  • 56
    • 0034609775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Memory B-cell persistence is independent of persisting immunizing antigen
    • Maruyama, M. et al. Memory B-cell persistence is independent of persisting immunizing antigen. Nature 407, 636-642 (2000).
    • (2000) Nature , vol.407 , pp. 636-642
    • Maruyama, M.1
  • 57
    • 0038655228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytokine control of memory T-cell development and survival
    • Schluns, K. S. & Lefrancois, L. Cytokine control of memory T-cell development and survival. Nature Rev. Immunol. 3, 269-279 (2003).
    • (2003) Nature Rev. Immunol. , vol.3 , pp. 269-279
    • Schluns, K.S.1    Lefrancois, L.2
  • 59
    • 18444395232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blimp-1 orchestrates plasma cell differentiation by extinguishing the mature B cell gene expression program
    • Shaffer, A. L. et al. Blimp-1 orchestrates plasma cell differentiation by extinguishing the mature B cell gene expression program. Immunity 17, 51-62 (2002).
    • (2002) Immunity , vol.17 , pp. 51-62
    • Shaffer, A.L.1
  • 60
    • 6344269331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of B cell differentiation and plasma cell generation by IL-21, a novel inducer of Blimp-1 and Bcl-6
    • Ozaki, K. et al. Regulation of B cell differentiation and plasma cell generation by IL-21, a novel inducer of Blimp-1 and Bcl-6. J. Immunol. 173, 5361-5371 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Immunol. , vol.173 , pp. 5361-5371
    • Ozaki, K.1
  • 61
    • 27744498868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Follicular B helper T cells in antibody responses and autoimmunity
    • Vinuesa, C. G. et al. Follicular B helper T cells in antibody responses and autoimmunity. Nature Rev. Immunol. 5, 853-865 (2005).
    • (2005) Nature Rev. Immunol. , vol.5 , pp. 853-865
    • Vinuesa, C.G.1
  • 62
    • 0037073930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maintenance of serological memory by polyclonal activation of human memory B cells
    • Bernasconi, N. L. et al. Maintenance of serological memory by polyclonal activation of human memory B cells. Science 298, 2199-2202 (2002).
    • (2002) Science , vol.298 , pp. 2199-2202
    • Bernasconi, N.L.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.