In situ studies of the primary immune response to (4-hydroxy-3- nitrophenyl)acetyl. v. affinity maturation develops in two stages of clonal selection

Journal of Experimental Medicine

Volumn 187, Issue 6, 1998, Pages 885-895

  Takahashi, Yoshimasa ^a   Dutta, Pinaki R ^a   Cerasoli, Douglas M ^a   Kelsoe, Garnett ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

(4 HYDROXY 3 NITROPHENYL)ACETYL; CD154 ANTIBODY; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ANIMAL CELL; ANTIBODY AFFINITY; ANTIBODY SPECIFICITY; ARTICLE; BINDING AFFINITY; BONE MARROW CELL; CELL MATURATION; CLONAL ANERGY; IMMUNE RESPONSE; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

ANIMALS; ANTIBODIES; ANTIBODY AFFINITY; ANTIBODY-PRODUCING CELLS; BONE MARROW CELLS; GERMINAL CENTER; IMMUNIZATION; MICE; MICE, INBRED C57BL; NITROPHENOLS;

EID: 0032536872     PISSN: 00221007     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1084/jem.187.6.885     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Ahmed, R., and D. Gray. 1996. Immunological memory and protective immunity: understanding their relation. Science. 272:54-60.
2. Simonsen, O., and K. Kjeldsen. 1984. Immunity against tetanus and effect of revaccination 25-30 years after primary vaccination. Lancet. 2:1240-1242.
3. Cohen, D., M.S. Green, E. Katzenelson, R. Slepon, H. Bercovier, and M. Wiener. 1994. Long-term persistence of antidiphtheria toxin antibodies among adults in Israel. Implications for vaccine policy. Eur. J. Epidemiol. 10:267-270.
4. Eisen, H.N., and G.W. Siskind. 1964. Variations in affinities of antibodies during the immune response. Biochemistry. 3: 996-1008.
5. Siskind, G.W., and B. Benacerraf. 1969. Cell selection by antigen in the immune response. Adv. Immunol. 10:1-50.
6. Griffiths, G.M., C. Berek, M. Kaartinen, and C. Milstein. 1984. Somatic mutation and the maturation of the immune response. Nature. 312:271-275.
7. French, D.L., R. Laskov, and M.D. Scharff. 1989. The role of somatic hypermutation in the generation of antibody diversity. Science. 244:1152-1157.
8. Berek, C., G.M. Griffiths, and C. Milstein. 1985. Molecular events during maturation of the immune response to oxazolone. Nature. 316:412-418.
9. Cumano, A., and K. Rajewsky. 1986. Clonal recruitment and somatic mutation in the generation of immunological memory to the hapten NP. EMBO (Eur. Mol. Biol. Organ.) J. 5:2459-2468.
10. Foote, J., and C. Milstein. 1991. Kinetic maturation of an immune response. Nature. 352:530-532.
11. 131I-labelled flagella in lymph nodes. Aust. J. Exp. Biol. Med. Sci. 42:311-330.
12. Tew, J.G., and T.E. Mandel. 1979. Prolonged antigen half-life in the lymphoid follicules of specifically immunized mice. Immunology. 37:69-76.
13. Mandel, T.E., T.E.R. Phipps, A. Abbot, and J.G. Tew. 1980. The follicular dendritic cell: long term antigen retention during immunity. Immunol. Rev. 53:29-59.
14. Gray, D. 1988. Recruitment of virgin B cells into an immune response is restricted to activation outside of lymphoid follicles. Immunology. 65:73-79.
15. Vonderheide, R.H., and S.V. Hunt. 1990. Immigration of thoracic duct B lymphocytes into established GC in the rat. Eur. J. Immunol. 20:79-86.
16. Jacob, J., R. Kassir, and G. Kelsoe. 1991. In situ studies of the primary immune response to (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl. I. The architecture and dynamics of responding cell populations. J. Exp. Med. 173:1165-1175.
17. Jacob, J., and G. Kelsoe. 1992. In situ studies of the primary immune response to (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl. II. A common clonal origin for PALS-associated foci and germinal centers. J. Exp. Med. 176:679-687.
18. McHeyzer-Williams, M.G., M.J. McLean, P.A. Lalor, and G.J.V. Nossal. 1993. Antigen-driven B cell differentiation in vivo. J. Exp. Med. 178:295-307.
19. Smith, K.G.C., T.D. Hewitson, G.J.V. Nossal, and D.M. Tarlinton. 1996. The phenotype and fate of the antibody-forming cells of the splenic foci. Eur. J. Immunol. 26:444-448.
20. Benner, R., W. Hijmans, and J.J. Haaijman. 1981. The bone marrow: the major source of serum immunoglobulins, but still a neglected site of antibody formation. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 46:1-8.
21. Slifka, M.K., M. Matloubian, and R. Ahmed. 1995. Bone marrow is a major site of long-term antibody production after acute viral infection. J. Virol. 69:1895-1902.
22. Vieira, P., and K. Rajewsky. 1988. The half-lives of serum immunoglobulins in adult mice. Eur. J. Immunol. 18:313-316.
23. Manz, R.A., A. Thiel, and A. Radbruch. 1997. Lifetime of plasma cells in the bone marrow. Nature. 388:133-134.
24. Jacob, J., G. Kelsoe, K. Rajewsky, and U. Weiss. 1991. Intraclonal generation of antibody mutants in germinal centers. Nature. 354:389-392.
25. Berek, C., A. Berger, and M. Apel. 1991. Maturation of the immune response in germinal centers. Cell. 67:1121-1129.
26. MacLennan, I.C.M. 1994. Germinal centers. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 12:117-139.
27. Kelsoe, G. 1996. Life and death in germinal centers (redux). Immunity. 4:107-111.
28. Pulendran, B., G. Kannourakis, S. Nouri, K.G.C. Smith, and G.J.V. Nossal. 1995. Soluble antigen can cause enhanced apoptosis of germinal-centre B cells. Nature. 375:331-334.
29. Shokat, K.M., and C.C. Goodnow. 1995. Antigen-induced B-cell death and elimination during germinal-centre immune responses. Nature. 375:334-338.
30. Han, S., B. Zheng, J. Dal Porto, and G. Kelsoe. 1995. In situ studies of the primary immune response to (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl. IV. Affinity-dependent, antigen-driven B cell apoptosis in germinal centers as a mechanism for maintaining self-tolerance. J. Exp. Med. 182:1635-1644.
31. Zheng, B., S. Han, Q. Zhu, R. Goldsby, and G. Kelsoe. 1996. Alternative pathways for the selection of antigen-specific peripheral T cells. Nature. 384:263-266.
32. Han, S., B. Zheng, D.G. Schatz, E. Spanopoulou, and G. Kelsoe. 1996. Neoteny in lymphocytes: Rag-1 and Rag-2 expression in germinal center B cells. Science. 274:2092-2094.
33. Koch, G., D.G. Osmond, M.H. Julius, and R. Benner. 1981. The mechanism of thymus-dependent antibody formation in bone marrow. J. Immunol. 126:1447-1451.
34. Dilosa, R.M., K. Maeda, A. Masuda, A. Szakal, and J.G. Tew. 1991. Germinal center B cells and antibody production in the bone marrow. J. Immunol. 146:4071-4077.
35. Smith, K.G.C., A. Light, G.J.V. Nossal, and D.M. Tarlinton. 1997. The extent of affinity maturation differs between the memory and antibody-forming cell compartments in the primary immune response. EMBO (Eur. Mol. Biol. Organ.) J. 16: 2996-3006.
36. Schroder, A.E., A. Greiner, C. Seyfert, and C. Berek. 1996. Differentiation of B cells in the nonlymphoid tissue of the synovial membrane of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 93:221-225.
37. Matsumoto, M., S.F. Lo, C.J.L. Carruthers, J. Min, S. Mariathasan, G. Huang, D.R. Plas, S.M. Martin, R.S. Geha, M.H. Nahm, and D.D. Chaplin. 1996. Affinity maturation without germinal centres in lymphotoxin-α-deficient mice. Nature. 382:462-466.
38. Davie, J.M., and W.E. Paul. 1972. Receptors on immunocompetent cells. V. Cellular correlates of the "Maturation" of the immune response. J. Exp. Med. 135:660-674.
39. Jack, R.S., T. Imanishi-Kari, and K. Rajewsky. 1977. Idiotypic analysis of the response of C57BL/6 mice to the (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl group. Eur. J. Immunol. 8:559-565.
40. Makela, O., and K. Karjalainen. 1977. Inherited immunoglobulin idiotypes of the mouse. Immunol. Rev. 34:119-138.
41. b family of antibodies: somatic mutation evident in a γ2a variable region. Cell. 24:625-637.
42. Cumano, A., and K. Rajewsky. 1985. Structure of primary anti-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl (NP) antibodies in normal and idiotypically suppressed C57BL/6 mice. Eur. J. Immunol. 15:512-520.
43. Herzenberg, L.A., S.J. Black, T. Tokuhisa, and L.A. Herzenberg. 1980. Memory B cells at successive stages of differentiation. Affinity maturation and the role of IgD receptors. J. Exp. Med. 151:1071-1087.
44. Jones, P.T., P.H. Dear, J. Foote, M.S. Neuberger, and G. Winter. 1986. Replacing the complementarity-determining regions in a human antibody with those from a mouse. Nature. 321:522-535.
45. Reth, M., T. Imanishi-kari, and K. Rajewsky. 1979. Analysis of the repertoire of anti-NP antibodies in C57BL/6 mice by cell fusion. II. Characterization of idiotopes by monoclonal anti-idiotope antibodies. Eur. J. Immunol. 9:1004-1013.
46. Gu, H., D. Tarlinton, W. Müller, K. Rajewsky, and I. Förster. 1991. Most peripheral B cells in mice are ligand selected. J. Exp. Med. 173:1357-1371.
47. Jacob, J. J. Przylepa, C. Miller, and G. Kelsoe. 1993. In situ studies of the primary immune response to (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl. III. The kinetics of V region mutation and selection in germinal center B cells. J. Exp. Med. 178: 1293-1307.
48. Blier, P.R., and A. Bothwell. 1987. A limited number of B cell lineages generates the heterogeneity of a secondary immune response. J. Immunol. 139:3996-4006.
49. Weiss, U., and K. Rajewsky. 1990. The repertoire of somatic antibody mutants accumulating in the memory compartment after primary immunization is restricted through affinity maturation and mirrors that expressed in the secondary response. J. Exp. Med. 172:1681-1689.
50. Tao, W., F. Hardardottir, and A.L.M. Bothwell. 1993. Extensive somatic mutation in the Ig heavy chain V genes in a late primary anti-hapten immune response. Mol. Immunol. 30: 593-602.
51. Noelle, R.J., M. Roy, D.M. Shepherd, I. Stamenkovic, J.A. Ledbetter, and A. Aruffo. 1992. A 39-kDa protein on activated helper T cells binds CD40 and transduces the signal for cognate activation of B cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 89: 6550-6554.
52. Han, S., K. Hathcock, B. Zheng, T.B. Kepler, R. Hodes, and G. Kelsoe. 1995. Cellular interaction in germinal centers. Roles of CD40 ligand and B7-2 in established germinal centers. J. Immunol. 155:556-567.
53. Liu, Y.-J., J. Zhang, P.J.L. Lane, E.Y.-T. Chan, and I.C.M. MacLennan. 1991. Sites of specific B cell activation in primary and secondary responses to T cell-dependent and T cell-independent antigens. Eur. J. Immunol. 21:2951-2962.
54. Weiss, U., R. Zoebelein, and K. Rajewsky. 1992. Accumulation of somatic mutants in the B cell compartment after primary immunization with a T cell-dependent antigen. Eur. J. Immunol. 22:511-517.
55. Vora, K.A., and T. Manser. 1995. Altering the antibody repertoire via transgene homologous recombination: evidence for global and clone-autonomous regulation of antigen-driven B cell differentiation. J. Exp. Med. 181:271-281.
56. Han, S., S.R. Dillon, B. Zheng, M. Shimoda, M.S. Schlissel, and G. Kelsoe. V(D)J recombinase activity in a subset of germinal center B lymphocytes. Science. 278:301-305.
57. Foy, T.M., D.M. Shepherd, F.H. Durie, A. Aruffo, J.A. Ledbetter, and R.J. Noelle. 1993. In vivo CD40-gp39 interactions are essential for thymus dependent humoral immunity. II. Prolonged suppression of the humoral immune response by an antibody to the ligand for CD40, gp39. J. Exp. Med. 178:1567-1575.
58. Foy, T.M., A. Aruffo, J. Bajorath, J.E. Buhlmann, and R.J. Nolle. 1996. Immune regulation by CD40 and its ligand gp39. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 14:591-617.
59. Gray, D., and H. Skarvall. 1988. B-cell memory is short-lived in the absence of antigen. Nature. 336:70-73.
60. Schittek, B., and K. Rajewsky. 1990. Maintenance of B-cell memory by long-lived cells generated from proliferating precursors. Nature. 346:749-751.
61. Benner, R., A. Van Oudenaren, and H. De Ruiter. 1977. Antibody formation in mouse bone marrow. IX. Peripheral lymphoid organs are involved in the initiation of bone marrow antibody formation. Cell. Immunol. 34:125-137.
62. Paramithiotis, E., and M. Cooper. 1997. Memory B lymphocytes migrate to the bone marrow in humans. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 94:208-212.