GATA factors in vertebrate heart development and disease

Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine

Volumn 8, Issue 22, 2006, Pages 1-20

  Brewer, Alison ^a   Pizzey, John ^b  

^a KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

MESSENGER RNA; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR GATA 4; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR GATA 5; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR GATA 6; ZINC FINGER PROTEIN;

CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL SPECIFICITY; CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE; EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT; ENHANCER REGION; FALLOT TETRALOGY; GENE CONTROL; GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GENE FUNCTION; GENE TARGETING; GENETIC CONSERVATION; HEART ATRIUM SEPTUM DEFECT; HEART DEVELOPMENT; HEART MUSCLE CELL; HEART VENTRICLE SEPTUM DEFECT; HOMEOSTASIS; HUMAN; MESODERM; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; MORPHOGENESIS; MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN PROTEIN INTERACTION; PROTEIN STRUCTURE; REVIEW; TRANSACTIVATION; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION; TRANSLATION REGULATION; VERTEBRATE;

ANIMALS; BODY PATTERNING; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; GATA TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; HEART; HEART DISEASES; HUMANS; VERTEBRATES;

VERTEBRATA;

EID: 33748795380     PISSN: 14623994     EISSN: 14623994     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S1462399406000093     Document Type: Review

References (147)

1. Cripps, R.M. and Olson, E.N. (2002) Control of cardiac development by an evolutionarily conserved transcriptional network. Dev Biol 246, 14-28
2. D'Alton, M.E. and DeCherney, A.H. (1993) Prenatal diagnosis. N Engl J Med 328, 114-120
3. Molkentin, J.D. (2000) The zinc finger-containing transcription factors GATA-4, -5, and -6. Ubiquitously expressed regulators of tissue-specific gene expression. J Biol Chem 275, 38949-38952
4. Patient, R.K. and Mcghee, J.D. (2002) The GATA family (vertebrates and invertebrates). Current Opin Genet Dev 12, 416-422
5. Orkin, S.H. (1992) GATA-binding transcription factors in hematopoietic cells. Blood 80, 575-581
6. Lowry, J.A. and Atchley, W.R. (2000) Molecular evolution of the GATA family of transcription factors: Conservation within the DNA-binding domain. J Mol Evol 50, 103-115
7. Shimizu, R. and Yamamoto, M. (2005) Gene expression regulation and domain function of hematopoietic GATA factors. Semin Cell Dev Biol 16, 129-136
8. Zon, L.I. et al. (1991) Expression of GATA-binding proteins during embryonic development in Xenopus laevis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88, 10642-10646
9. Charron, F. and Nemer, M. (1999) GATA transcription factors and cardiac development. Semin Cell Dev Biol 10, 85-91
10. Laverriere, A.C. et al. (1994) GATA-4/5/6, a subfamily of three transcription factors transcribed in developing heart and gut. J Biol Chem 269, 23177-23184
11. Peterkin, T. et al. (2005) The roles of GATA-4, -5 and -6 in vertebrate heart development. Semin Cell Dev Biol 16, 83-94
12. Weiss, M.J. and Orkin, S.H. (1995) GATA transcription factors: Key regulators of hematopoiesis. Exp Hematol 23, 99-107
13. Morrisey, E.E. et al. (1997) GATA-4 activates transcription via two novel domains that are conserved within the GATA-4/5/6 subfamily. J Biol Chem 272, 8515-8524
14. Visvader, J.E. et al. (1995) The C-terminal zinc finger of GATA-1 or GATA-2 is sufficient to induce megakaryocytic differentiation of an early myeloid cell line. Mol Cell Biol 15, 634-641
15. Yang, H.Y. and Evans, T. (1992) Distinct roles for the two cGATA-1 finger domains. Mol Cell Biol 12, 4562-4570
16. Omichinski, J.G. et al. (1993) NMR structure of a specific DNA complex of Zn-containing DNA binding domain of GATA-1. Science 261, 438-446
17. Omichinski, J.G. et al. (1993) A small single-"finger" peptide from the erythroid transcription factor GATA-1 binds specifically to DNA as a zinc or iron complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90, 1676-1680
18. Whyatt, D.J., deBoer, E. and Grosveld, E (1993) The two zinc finger-like domains of GATA-1 have different DNA binding specificities. EMBO J 12, 4993-5005
19. Trainor, C.D., Ghirlando, R. and Simpson, M.A. (2000) GATA zinc finger interactions modulate DNA binding and transactivation. J Biol Chem 275, 28157-28166
20. Arceci, R.J. et al. (1993) Mouse GATA-4: A retinoic acid-inducible GATA-binding transcription factor expressed in endodermally derived tissues and heart. Mol Cell Biol 13, 2235-2246
21. Morrisey, E.E. et al. (1996) GATA-6: A zinc finger transcription factor that is expressed in multiple cell lineages derived from lateral mesoderm. Dev Biol 177, 309-322
22. Morrisey, E.E. et al. (1997) GATA-5: A transcriptional activator expressed in a novel temporally and spatially-restricted pattern during embryonic development. Dev Biol 183, 21-36
23. Brewer, A. et al. (1999) The human and mouse GATA-6 genes utilize two promoters and two initiation codons. J Biol Chem 274, 38004-38016
24. Peterkin, T., Gibson, A. and Patient, R. (2003) GATA-6 maintains BMP-4 and Nkx2 expression during cardiomyocyte precursor maturation. EMBO J 22, 4260-4273
25. Brewer, A. and others (2002) Widespread expression of an extended peptide sequence of GATA-6 during murine embryogenesis and non-equivalence of RNA and protein expression domains. Mech Dev 119S, 121-129
26. Brewer, A.C. et al. (1995) Nuclear translocation of a maternal CCAAT factor at the start of gastrulation activates Xenopus GATA-2 transcription. EMBO J 14, 757-766
27. Burch, J.B.E. (2005) Regulation of GATA gene expression during vertebrate development. Semin Cell Dev Biol 16, 71-81
28. MacNeill, C. et al. (1997) Transcripts for functionally distinct isoforms of chicken GATA-5 are differentially expressed from alternative first exons. J Biol Chem 272, 8396-8401
29. Brewer, A.C. et al. (2005) GATA factors lie upstream of Nkx 2.5 in the transcriptional regulatory cascade that effects cardiogenesis. Stem Cells Dev 14, 425-439
30. Nemer, G. and Nemer, M. (2003) Transcriptional activation of BMP-4 and regulation of mammalian organogenesis by GATA-4 and -6. Dev Biol 254, 131-148
31. Heikinheimo, M., Scandrett, J.M. and Wilson, D.B. (1994) Localization of transcription factor GATA-4 to regions of the mouse embryo involved in cardiac development. Dev Biol 164, 361-373
32. MacNeill, C. et al. (2000) Modular Regulation of cGATA-5 Gene Expression in the Developing Heart and Gut. Dev Biol 217, 62-76
33. Narita, N. et al. (1996) The gene for transcription factor GATA-6 resides on mouse chromosome 18 and is expressed in myocardium and vascular smooth muscle. Genomics 36, 345-348
34. Rosenquist, G.C. (1985) Migration of precardiac cells from their origin in epiblast until they form the definitive heart in the chick embryo. In Cardiac Morphogenesis (Ferrans, V.J., Rosenquist, G. and Weinstein, C), pp. 44-54, Elsevier
35. Kelly, R.G. (2005) Molecular inroads into the anterior heart field. Trends Cardiovasc Med 15, 51-56
36. Kelly, R.G., Brown, N.A. and Buckingham, M.E. (2001) The arterial pole of the mouse heart forms from Fgf10-expressing cells in pharyngeal mesoderm. Dev Cell 1, 435-440
37. Dodou, E. et al. (2004) Mef2c is a direct transcriptional target of ISL1 and GATA factors in the anterior heart field during mouse embryonic development. Development 131, 3931-3942
38. Lin, Q. et al. (1997) Control of mouse cardiac morphogenesis and myogenesis by transcription factor MEF2C. Science 276, 1404-1407
39. Zeisberg, E.M. et al. (2005) Morphogenesis of the right ventricle requires myocardial expression of Gata4. J Clin Invest 115, 1522-1531
40. Waldo, K.L. et al. (2001) Conotruncal myocardium arises from a secondary heart field. Development 128, 3179-3188
41. Heicklen-Klein, A. and Evans, T. (2004) T-box binding sites are required for activity of a cardiac GATA-4 enhancer. Dev Biol 267, 490-504
42. Heicklen-Klein, A., McReynolds, L.J. and Evans, T. (2005) Using the zebrafish model to study GATA transcription factors. Semin Cell Dev Biol 16, 95-106
43. Reiter, J.F. et al. (1999) Gata5 is required for the development of the heart and endoderm in zebrafish. Genes Dev 13, 2983-2995
44. Sorrentino, R.P., Gajewski, K.M. and Schulz, R.A. (2005) GATA factors in Drosophila heart and blood cell development. Semin Cell Devl Biol 16, 107-116
45. Gajewski, K. et al. (1999) The zinc finger proteins Pannier and GATA4 function as cardiogenic factors in Drosophila. Development 126, 5679-5688
46. Alvarez, A.D. et al. (2003) pannier and pointedP2 act sequentially to regulate Drosophila heart development. Development 130, 3015-3026
47. Jiang, Y. and Evans, T. (1996) The Xenopus GATA-4/5/6 genes are associated with cardiac specification and can regulate cardiac-specific transcription during embryogenesis. Dev Biol 174, 258-270
48. Kuo, C.T. et al. (1997) GATA4 transcription factor is required for ventral morphogenesis and heart tube formation. Genes Dev 11, 1048-1060
49. Molkentin, J.D. et al. (1997) Requirement of the transcription factor GATA4 for heart tube formation and ventral morphogenesis. Genes Dev 11, 1061-1072
50. Koutsourakis, M. et al. (1999) The transcription factor GATA6 is essential for early extraembryonic development. Development 126, 723-732
51. Morrisey, E.E. et al. (1998) GATA6 regulates HNF4 and is required for differentiation of visceral endoderm in the mouse embryo. Genes Dev 12, 3579-3590
52. Molkentin, J.D. et al. (2000) Abnormalities of the genitourinary tract in female mice lacking GATA 5. Mol Cell Biol 20, 5256-5260
53. Nemer, G. et al. (1999) Functional analysis and chromosomal mapping of Gata5, a gene encoding a zinc finger DNA-binding protein. Mamm Genome 10, 993-999
54. Jiang, Y. et al. (1998) Common role for each of the cGATA-4/5/6 genes in the regulation of cardiac morphogenesis. Dev Genet 22, 263-277
55. Latinkic, B.V., Kotecha, S. and Mohun, T.J. (2003) Induction of cardiomyocytes by GATA4 in Xenopus ectodermal explants. Development 130, 3865-3876
56. Gove, C. et al. (1997) Over-expression of GATA-6 in Xenopus embryos blocks differentiation of heart precursors. EMBO J 16, 355-368
57. Watt, A.J. et al. (2004) GATA4 is essential for formation of the proepicardium and regulates cardiogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101, 12573-12578
58. Zhao, R. et al. (2005) GATA6 is essential for embryonic development of the liver but dispensable for early heart formation. Mol Cell Biol 25, 2622-2631
59. Pu, W.T. et al. (2004) GATA4 is a dosage-sensitive regulator of cardiac morphogenesis. Dev Biol 275, 235-244
60. Oka, T. et al. (2006) Cardiac-specific deletion of gata4 reveals its requirement for hypertrophy, compensation, and myocyte viability. Circ Res 98, 837-845
61. Pikkarainen, S. et al. (2004) GATA transcription factors in the developing and adult heart. Cardiovasc Res 63, 196-207
62. Lepore, J.J. et al. (2005) Cardiac outflow tract and aortic arch patterning defects in mice lacking GATA-6 in neural crest derived smooth muscle cells. Circulation 112, U107
63. Charron, F. et al. (1999) Cooperative interaction between GATA-4 and GATA-6 regulates myocardial gene expression. Mol Cell Biol 19, 4355-4365
64. Kobayashi, S. et al. (2006) Transcription factor GATA4 regulates cardiac BCL2 gene expression in vitro and in vivo. FASEB J 20, 800-802
65. Bruneau, B.G. et al. (2001) A murine model of Holt-Oram syndrome defines roles of the T-Box transcription factor Tbx5 in cardiogenesis and disease. Cell 106, 709-721
66. Davis, D.L., Wessels, A. and Burch, J.B. (2000) An Nkx-dependent enhancer regulates cGATA-6 gene expression during early stages of heart development. Dev Biol 217, 310-322
67. Molkentin, J.D. et al. (2000) Direct activation of a GATA6 cardiac enhancer by Nkx2.5: Evidence for a reinforcing regulatory network of Nkx2.5 and GATA transcription factors in the developing heart. Dev Biol 217, 301-309
68. Davis, D.L. et al. (2001) A GATA-6 gene heart-region-specific enhancer provides a novel means to mark and probe a discrete component of the mouse cardiac conduction system. Mech Dev 108, 105-119
69. He, C.Z. and Burch, J.B. (1997) The chicken GATA-6 locus contains multiple control regions that confer distinct patterns of heart region-specific expression in transgenic mouse embryos. J Biol Chem 272, 28550-28556
70. Adamo, R.F. et al. (2004) GATA-6 gene enhancer contains nested regulatory modules for primary myocardium and the embedded nascent atrioventricular conduction system. Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol 280, 1062-1071
71. Sun-Wada, G.H. et al. (2004) Regulatory elements directing gut expression of the GATA6 gene during mouse early development. J Biochem (Tokyo) 135, 165-169
72. Charron, F. et al. (2001) Tissue-specific GATA factors are transcriptional effectors of the small GTPase RhoA. Genes Dev 15, 2702-2719
73. Liang, Q. et al. (2001) The transcription factor GATA4 is activated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1- and 2-mediated phosphorylation of serine 105 in cardiomyocytes. Mol Cell Biol 21, 7460-7469
74. Kitta, K. et al. (2003) Hepatocyte growth factor induces GATA-4 phosphorylation and cell survival in cardiac muscle cells. J Biol Chem 278, 4705-4712
75. Suzuki, Y.J. and Evans, T. (2004) Regulation of cardiac myocyte apoptosis by the GATA-4 transcription factor. Life Sci 74, 1829-1838
76. Wang, J. et al. (2005) Convergence of protein kinase C and JAK-STAT signaling on transcription factor GATA-4. Mol Cell Biol 25, 9829-9844
77. Morisco, C. et al. (2001) Glycogen synthase kinase 3beta regulates GATA4 in cardiac myocytes. J Biol Chem 276, 28586-28597
78. Tremblay, J.J. and Viger, R.S. (2003) Transcription factor GATA-4 is activated by phosphorylation of serine 261 via the cAMP/protein kinase A signaling pathway in gonadal cells. J Biol Chem 278, 22128-22135
79. Yanazume, T. et al. (2003) Cardiac p300 is involved in myocyte growth with decompensated heart failure. Mol Cell Biol 23, 3593-3606
80. Boyes, J. et al. (1998) Regulation of activity of the transcription factor GATA-1 by acetylation. Nature 396, 594-598
81. Shiojima, I. et al. (1999) Context-dependent transcriptional cooperation mediated by cardiac transcription factors Csx/Nkx-2.5 and GATA-4. J Biol Chem 274, 8231-8239
82. Durocher, D. et al. (1997) The cardiac transcription factors Nkx2-5 and GATA-4 are mutual cofactors. EMBO J 16, 5687-5696
83. Morin, S. et al. (2000) GATA-dependent recruitment of MEF2 proteins to target promoters. EMBO J 19, 2046-2055
84. Molkentin, J.D. et al. (1998) A calcineurin-dependent transcriptional pathway for cardiac hypertrophy. Cell 93, 215-228
85. Belaguli, N.S. et al. (2000) Cardiac tissue enriched factors serum response factor and GATA-4 are mutual coregulators. Mol Cell Biol 20, 7550-7558
86. Dai, Y.S. et al. (2002) The transcription factors GATA4 and dHAND physically interact to synergistically activate cardiac gene expression through a p300-dependent mechanism. J Biol Chem 277, 24390-24398
87. Brown, C.O., III et al. (2004) The cardiac determination factor, Nkx2-5, is activated by mutual cofactors GATA-4 and Smad1/4 via a novel upstream enhancer. J Biol Chem 279, 10659-10669
88. Garg, V. et al. (2003) GATA4 mutations cause human congenital heart defects and reveal an interaction with TBX5. Nature 424, 443-447
89. McBride, K. et al. (2003) Interaction with GATA transcription factors provides a mechanism for cell-specific effects of c-Fos. Oncogene 22, 8403-8412
90. Debrus, S. et al. (2005) The zinc finger-only protein Zfp260 is a novel cardiac regulator and a nuclear effector of {alpha}1-adrenergic signaling. Mol Cell Biol 25, 8669-8682
91. Bhalla, S.S., Robitaille, L. and Nemer, M. (2001) Cooperative activation by GATA-4 and YY1 of the cardiac B-type natriuretic peptide promoter. J Biol Chem 276, 11439-11445
92. Dai, Y.S. and Markham, B.E. (2001) p300 functions as a coactivator of transcription factor GATA-4. J Biol Chem 276, 37178-37185
93. Kakita, T. et al. (1999) p300 protein as a coactivator of GATA-5 in the transcription of cardiac-restricted atrial natriuretic factor gene. J Biol Chem 274, 34096-34102
94. Wada, H. et al. (2000) A p300 protein as a coactivator of GATA-6 in the transcription of the smooth muscle-myosin heavy chain gene. J Biol Chem 275, 25330-25335
95. Eckner, R. et al. (1994) Molecular cloning and functional analysis of the adenovirus E1A-associated 300-kD protein (p300) reveals a protein with properties of a transcriptional adaptor. Genes Dev 8, 869-884
96. Lu, J.R. et al. (1999) FOG-2, a heart- and brain-enriched cofactor for GATA transcription factors. Mol Cell Biol 19, 4495-4502
97. Svensson, E.C. et al. (1999) Molecular cloning of FOG-2: A modulator of transcription factor GATA-4 in cardiomyocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96, 956-961
98. Svensson, E.C. et al. (2000) A functionally conserved N-terminal domain of the friend of GATA-2 (FOG-2) protein represses GATA4-dependent transcription. J Biol Chem 275, 20762-20769
99. Tevosian, S.G. et al. (1999) FOG-2: A novel GATA-family cofactor related to multitype zinc-finger proteins Friend of GATA-1 and U-shaped. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96, 950-955
100. Kathiriya, I.S. et al. (2004) Hairy-related transcription factors inhibit GATA-dependent cardiac gene expression through a signal-responsive mechanism. J Biol Chem 279, 54937-54943
101. Fischer, A. et al. (2005) Hey basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors are repressors of GATA4 and GATA6 and restrict expression of the GATA target gene ANF in fetal hearts. Mol Cell Biol 25, 8960-8970
102. Kim, T.G. et al. (2004) Jumonji represses atrial natriuretic factor gene expression by inhibiting transcriptional activities of cardiac transcription factors. Mol Cell Biol 24, 10151-10160
103. Clabby, M.L. et al. (2003) Retinoid X receptor alpha represses GATA-4-mediated transcription via a retinoid-dependent interaction with the cardiac-enriched repressor FOG-2. J Biol Chem 278, 5760-5767
104. Clark, K.L., Yutzey, K.E. and Benson, D.W. (2006) Transcription factors and congenital heart defects. Annu Rev Physiol 68, 97-121
105. Gittenberger-de Groot, A.C. et al. (2005) Basics of cardiac development for the understanding of congenital heart malformations. Pediatr Res 57, 169-176
106. Hatcher, C.J. et al. (2003) Transcription factor cascades in congenital heart malformation. Trends Mol Med 9, 512-515
107. Olson, E.N. and Srivastava, D. (1996) Molecular pathways controlling heart development. Science 272, 671-676
108. Pehlivan, T. et al. (1999) GATA4 haploinsufficiency in patients with interstitial deletion of chromosome region 8p23.1 and congenital heart disease. Am J Med Genet 83, 201-206
109. Giglio, S. et al. (2000) Deletion of a 5-cM region at chromosome 8p23 is associated with a spectrum of congenital heart defects. Circulation 102, 432-437
110. Hirayama-Yamada, K. et al. (2005) Phenotypes with GATA4 or NKX2.5 mutations in familial atrial septal defect. Am J Med Genet A 135, 47-52
111. Okubo, A. et al. (2004) A novel GATA4 mutation completely segregated with atrial septal defect in a large Japanese family. J Med Genet 41, e97
112. Reamon-Buettner, S.M. and Borlak, J. (2005) GATA4 zinc finger mutations as a molecular rationale for septation defects of the human heart. J Med Genet 42, e32
113. Nemer, G. et al. (2006) A novel mutation in the GATA4 gene in patients with Tetralogy of Fallot. Hum Mutat 27, 293-294
114. Pizzuti, A. et al. (2003) Mutations of ZFPM2/FOG2 gene in sporadic cases of Tetralogy of Fallot. Hum Mutat 22, 372-377
115. Tevosian, S.G. et al. (2000) FOG-2, a cofactor for GATA transcription factors, is essential for heart morphogenesis and development of coronary vessels from epicardium. Cell 101, 729-739
116. Ip, H.S. et al. (1995) The GATA-4 transcription factor transactivates the cardiac-specific troponin C promoter-enhancer in non-muscle cells. Adv Exp Med Biol 382, 117-124
117. Bhavsar, P.K. et al. (2000) Identification of cis-acting DNA elements required for expression of the human cardiac troponin I gene promoter. J Mol Cell Cardiol 32, 95-108
118. Di Lisi, R. et al. (1998) Combinatorial cis-acting elements control tissue-specific activation of the cardiac troponin I gene in vitro and in vivo. J Biol Chem 273, 25371-25380
119. Murphy, A.M. et al. (1997) Regulation of the rat cardiac troponin I gene by the transcription factor GATA-4. Biochem J 322, 393-401
120. Molkentin, J.D., Kalvakolanu, D.V and Markham, B.E. (1994) Transcription factor GATA-4 regulates cardiac muscle-specific expression of the alpha-myosin heavy-chain gene. Mol Cell Biol 14, 4947-4957
121. Sepulveda, J.L. et al. (2002) Combinatorial expression of GATA4, Nkx2-5, and serum response factor directs early cardiac gene activity. J Biol Chem 277, 25775-25782
122. McGrew, M.J. et al. (1996) Distinct gene expression patterns in skeletal and cardiac muscle are dependent on common regulatory sequences in the MLC1/3 locus. Mol Cell Biol 16, 4524-4534
123. Hasegawa, K. et al. (1997) cis-acting sequences that mediate induction of {beta}-myosin heavy chain gene expression during left ventricular hypertrophy due to aortic constriction. Circulation 96, 3943-3953
124. Wright, C.E. et al. (2001) In vivo regulation of the {beta}-myosin heavy chain gene in hypertensive rodent heart. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 280, C1262-C1276
125. Wang, G.F. et al. (1998) A positive GATA element and a negative vitamin D receptor-like element control atrial chamber-specific expression of a slow myosin heavy-chain gene during cardiac morphogenesis. Mol Cell Biol 18, 6023-6034
126. Latinkic, B.V. et al. (2004) Transcriptional regulation of the cardiac-specific MLC2 gene during Xenopus embryonic development. Development 131, 669-679
127. Lien, C.L. et al. (1999) Control of early cardiac-specific transcription of Nkx2-5 by a GATA-dependent enhancer. Development 126, 75-84
128. Searcy, R.D. et al. (1998) A GATA-dependent nkx-2.5 regulatory element activates early cardiac gene expression in transgenic mice. Development 125, 4461-4470
129. McFadden, D.G. et al. (2000) A GATA-dependent right ventricular enhancer controls dHAND transcription in the developing heart. Development 127, 5331-5341
130. Kuo, H. et al. (1999) Control of segmental expression of the cardiac-restricted ankyrin repeat protein gene by distinct regulatory pathways in murine cardiogenesis. Development 126, 4223-4234
131. Grepin, C. et al. (1994) A hormone-encoding gene identifies a pathway for cardiac but not skeletal muscle gene transcription. Mol Cell Biol 14, 3115-3129
132. Thuerauf, D.J., Hanford, D.S. and Glembotski, C.C. (1994) Regulation of rat brain natriuretic peptide transcription. A potential role for GATA-related transcription factors in myocardial cell gene expression. J Biol Chem 269, 17772-17775
133. Alexandrovich, A. et al. (2006) Wnt2 is a direct downstream target of GATA6 during early cardiogenesis. Mech Dev 123, 297-311
134. Rosoff, M.L. and Nathanson, N.M. (1998) GATA factor-dependent regulation of cardiac m2 muscarinic acetylcholine gene transcription. J Biol Chem 273, 9124-9129
135. Rivkees, S.A. et al. (1999) Characterization of the murine A1 adenosine receptor promoter, potent regulation by GATA-4 and Nkx2.5. J Biol Chem 274, 14204-14209
136. Herzig, T.C. et al. (1997) Angiotensin II type1a receptor gene expression in the heart: AP-1 and GATA-4 participate in the response to pressure overload. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94, 7543-7548
137. Morimoto, T. et al. (2000) Phosphorylation of GATA-4 is involved in alpha 1-adrenergic agonist-responsive transcription of the endothelin-1 gene in cardiac myocytes. J Biol Chem 275, 13721-13726
138. Cheng, G. et al. (1999) The role of GATA, CArG. E-box, and a novel element in the regulation of cardiac expression of the Na + -Ca2 + exchanger gene. J Biol Chem 274, 12819-12826
139. Koban, M.U. et al. (2001) A distant upstream region of the rat multipartite Na + -Ca2 + exchanger NCX1 gene promoter is sufficient to confer cardiac-specific expression. Mech Dev 109, 267-279
140. Nicholas, S.B. and Philipson, K.D. (1999) Cardiac expression of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger NCX1 is GATA factor dependent. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 277, H324-H330
141. Pan, J. et al. (2002) Genomic structures of the human and murine corin genes and functional GATA elements in their promoters. J Biol Chem 277, 38390-38398
142. Moore, M.L. et al. (2001) GATA-4 and serum response factor regulate transcription of the muscle-specific carnitine palmitoyltransferase I beta in rat heart. J Biol Chem 276, 1026-1033
143. Xia, Y. et al. (2000) Electrical stimulation of neonatal cardiac myocytes activates the NFAT3 and GATA4 pathways and up-regulates the adenylosuccinate synthetase 1 gene. J Biol Chem 275, 1855-1863
144. Zhang, H. et al. (2003) GATA-4 regulates cardiac morphogenesis through transactivation of the N-cadherin gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 312, 1033-1038
145. Vanpoucke, G. et al. (2004) GATA-4 and MEF2C transcription factors control the tissue-specific expression of the {alpha} T-catenin gene CTNNA3. Nucl Acids Res 32, 4155-4165
146. Aries, A. et al. (2004) Essential role of GATA-4 in cell survival and drug-induced cardiotoxicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101, 6975-6980
147. Srivastava, D. and Olsen, E.N. (2000) A genetic blueprint for cardiac development. Nature 407, 221-226