New findings on the genetic influences on alcohol use and dependence

Current Opinion in Psychiatry

Volumn 19, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 253-265

  Higuchi, Susumu ^a,c   Matsushita, Sachio ^a   Kashima, Haruo ^b  

^a KURIHAMA NATIONAL HOSPITAL   (Japan)

^b KEIO UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^c NONE   (Japan)

Author keywords

Alcohol dependence; Alcohol use; Association study; Genetic influence; Linkage study; Quantitative trait locus; Twin study

Indexed keywords

4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID; 4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID A RECEPTOR; ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE; MU OPIATE RECEPTOR; NEUROPEPTIDE Y; NEUROPEPTIDE Y RECEPTOR; SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER;

ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION; ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL; ALCOHOLISM; CHROMOSOME NOR; COMORBIDITY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE PREDISPOSITION; FAMILY; GENDER; GENE IDENTIFICATION; GENE INTERACTION; GENE LOCUS; GENETIC LINKAGE; GENETIC RISK; GENETIC TRAIT; HEREDITY; HUMAN; MENTAL DISEASE; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT;

ALCOHOLISM; ANIMALS; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION TO DISEASE; HUMANS; MACACA MULATTA; MICE; TWIN STUDIES;

EID: 33748199514     PISSN: 09517367     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.yco.0000218595.54054.7a     Document Type: Review

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149. Badia-Elder NE, Stewart RB, Powrozek TA, et al. Effects of neuropeptide Y (NPY) on oral ethanol intake in Wistar alcohol-preferring rats (P), and nonpreferring rats (NP) rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2001; 25:386-390.
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151. Spence JP, Liang T, Habegger K, et al. Effect of polymorphism on expression of the neuropeptide Y gene in inbred alcohol-preferring and -nonpreferring rats. Neuroscience 2005; 131:871-876. This study identified the polymorphism that may explain the difference in NPY expression in the brain between P and NP rats.
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159. Wang JC, Hinrichs AL, Stock H, et al. Evidence of common and specific genetic effects: association of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 (CHRM2) gene with alcohol dependence and major depressive syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2004; 13:1903-1911. CHRM2 is one of the several genes that have been identified as being associated with alcohol dependence using the COGA sample. Methodology appears to be sound. Involvement of CHRM2 or nearby loci in susceptibility to alcohol dependence becomes even more convincing when the data of the following two studies are taken into account.
160. ••].
161. Jones KA, Porjesz B, Bierut LJ, et al. Linkage and linkage disequilibrium of evoked EEG oscillations with CHRM2 receptor gene polymorphisms: implications for human brain dynamics and cognition. Int J Psychophysiol 2004; 53:75-90. This article further supported the association between markers of the CHRM2 gene and alcohol dependence.
162. Mash DC, Ouyang Q, Pablo J, et al. Cocaine abusers have an overexpression of alpha-synuclein in dopamine neurons. J Neurosci 2003; 23:2564-2571.
163. Bonsh D, Reulbach U, Bayerlein K, et al. Elevated alpha synuclein mRNA levels are associated with craving in patients with alcoholism. Biol Psychiatry 2004; 56:984-986.
164. Bonsh D, Lederer T, Reulbach U, et al. Joint analysis of the NACP-REP1 marker within the alpha synuclein gene concludes association with alcohol dependence. Hum Mol Genet 2005; 14:967-971. This is the first study reporting a genetic association between a marker of the NACP gene and alcohol dependence. As the study used a classical case-control design and the sample size was small, replication is necessary.
165. Spanagel R, Pendyala G, Abarca C, et al. The clock gene Per2 influences the glutamatergic system and modulates alcohol consumption. Nat Med 2005; 11:35-42. Involvement of Per2 in altered alcohol consumption via modulation of the glutamatergic system in mice is convincing. Association study results in humans, however, are less convincing and warrant further research.