Cytogenetic aspects of adult primary myelodysplastic syndromes: Clinical implications

Cancer Letters

Volumn 235, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 177-190

  Panani, Anna D ^a   Roussos, Charis ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS MEDICAL SCHOOL   (Greece)

Author keywords

Chromosomal abnormalities; Clinical implications; Conventional cytogenetics; Molecular cytogenetics; Myelodysplastic syndromes

Indexed keywords

ACCURACY; CHROMOSOME 11; CHROMOSOME 3; CHROMOSOME 5; CHROMOSOME 7; CHROMOSOME ABERRATION; CHROMOSOME DELETION; CHROMOSOME TRANSLOCATION; CLINICAL FEATURE; CLINICAL PRACTICE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CYTOGENETICS; CYTOLOGY; DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; EVOLUTION; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; KARYOTYPE; METAPHASE; MOLECULAR CLONING; MORPHOLOGY; MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROME; PATHOGENESIS; PATHOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS; SHORT SURVEY;

EID: 33646485138     PISSN: 03043835     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2005.04.011     Document Type: Review

References (118)

1. Aul C., Gattermann N., and Schneider W. Epidemiological and etiological aspects of myeloblastic syndromes. Leuk. Lymphoma 16 (1995) 247-262
2. Mufti G.J. Pathobiology, classification and diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Haematol. 17 (2004) 543-557
3. Steensma D.P., and Tefferi A. The myelodysplastic syndrome(s): a perspective and review highlighting current controversies. Leuk. Res. 27 (2003) 95-120
4. Aul C., Bowen D.T., and Yoshida Y. Pathogenesis, etiology and epidemiology of myelodysplastic syndromes. Haematologica 83 (1998) 71-86
5. Chen Z., and Sandberg A.A. Molecular cytogenetics aspects of hematological malignancies: clinical implications. Am. J. Med. Genet. (Semin. Med. Genet.) 115 (2002) 130-141
6. Olney H.J., and Le Beau M.M. The cytogenetics of myelodysplastic syndromes. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Haematol. 14 (2001) 479-495
7. Pedersen-Bjergaard J., Timshel S., Andersen M.K., Andersen A.S., and Philip P. Cytogenetically unrelated clones in therapy-related myelodysplasia and acute myeloid leukemia: experience from the Copenhagen series updated to 180 consecutive cases. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 23 (1998) 337-349
8. van de Berghe H. Multiple chromosomally distinct cell populations in myelodysplastic syndromes and their possible significance in the evolution of the disease. Br. J. Haematol. 64 (1986) 699-706
9. Christiansen D.H., Andersen M.K., and Pedersen-Bjergaad J. Mutations with loss of heterozygosity of p53 are common in therapy-related myelodysplasia and acute myeloid leukemia after exposure to alkylating agents and significantly associated with deletion or loss of 5q, a complex karyotype and a poor prognosis. J. Clin. Oncol. 19 (2001) 1405-1413
10. Padua R.A., Guinn B.A., Al-Sabah A.I., Smith M., Taylor C., Petersson R.A.S., et al. RAS, FMS and p53 mutations and poor clincical outcome in myelodysplasias: a 10-year follow up. Leukemia 12 (1998) 887-892
11. Paquette R.L., Landaw E.M., Pierre R.V., Kahan J., Lubbert M., Lazcano O., et al. N-ras mutations are associated with poor prognosis and increase risk of leukemia in myelodysplastic syndrome. Blood 82 (1993) 590-599
12. Mitani K., Hangaishi A., Imamura N., Miyagawa K., Ogawa S., Kanada Y., et al. No concomitant occurrence of the N-ras and p53 gene in myelodysplastic syndromes. Leukemia 11 (1997) 863-865
13. Misawa S., and Horrike S. TP53 mutations in myelodysplastic syndrome. Leuk. Lymphoma 23 (1996) 417-422
14. Parker J.E., and Mufti G.J. Ineffective haematopoiesis and apoptosis in myelodysplastic syndromes. Br. J. Haematol. 101 (1998) 220-230
15. Yoshida Y. Hypothesis: apoptosis may be the mechanism responsible for the premature intramedullary cell death in the myelodysplastic syndrome. Leukemia 7 (1993) 144-146
16. Raza A., Alvi S., Borok R.Z., Span L., Parcharidou A., Alston D., et al. Excessive proliferation matched by excessive apoptosis in myelodysplastic syndromes: The cause-effect relationship. Leuk. Lymphoma 27 (1997) 111-118
17. Hellstrom-Lindberg E., Kanter-Lewensohn L., and Ost A. Morphological changes and apoptosis in bone marrow patients with myelodysplastic syndromes treated with granulocyte-CSF and erythropoietin. Leuk. Res. 21 (1997) 415-425
18. Parker J.E., Mufti G.J., Rassool F., Mijovic A., Devereux S., and Paglinca A. The role of apoptosis, proliferation and the Bcl-2 related proteins in the myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia secondary to MDS. Blood 96 (2000) 3932-3938
19. Greenberg P.L. Apoptosis and its role in the myelodysplastic syndromes: implications for disease natural history and treatment. Leuk. Res. 22 (1998) 1123-1126
20. Allampalam K., Shetty V., Hussaini S., Mazzoran L., Zorat F., Huang R., and Raza A. Measurement of mRNA expression for a variety of cytokines and its receptors in bone marrow of patients with mylodysplastic syndromes. Anticancer Res. 19 (1999) 5323-5328
21. Shetty V., Mundle S., Alvi S., Showel M., Broady-Robinson L., Dar S., et al. Measurement of apoptosis proliferation and three cytokines in 46 patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Leuk. Res. 20 (1996) 891-900
22. Hofmann W.K., de Vos S., Komor M., Hoelzer D., Wachsman W., and Koeffler H.P. Characterization of gene expression of CD34+ cells from normal and myelodysplastic bone marrow. Blood 100 (2002) 3553-3560
23. 15 (INK4B) gene in myelodysplastic syndrome: it can be detected early at diagnosis or during disease progression and is highly associated with leukemic tranformation. Br. J. Haematol. 112 (2001) 148-154
24. Quesnel B., Guillerm G., Vereecque R., Wattel E., Preudhomme C., Bauters F., et al. Methylation of the P15INK4b gene in myelodysplastic syndromes is frequent and acquired during disease progression. Blood 91 (1998) 2985-2990
25. 3 receptor gene are associated with leukemic transformation of myelodysplasia. Leukemia 11 (1997) 1442-1446
26. Davis R.E., and Greenberg P.L. Bcl-2 expression by myeloid precursors in myelodysplastic syndromes: relation to disease progression. Leuk. Res. 22 (1998) 767-777
27. Boultwood J., Fidler C., Kusec R., Rack K., Elliott P.J., Atoyebi O., et al. Telomere length in myelodysplastic syndromes. Am. J. Hematol. 56 (1997) 266-271
28. Ohyashiki J.H., Iwama H., Yahata N., Ando K., Hayashi S., Shay J.W., and Ohyashiki K. Telomere stability is frequently impaired in high-risk groups of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Clin. Cancer Res. 5 (1999) 1155-1160
29. Garses C., Ruiz-Hidalgo M.J., Bonvini E., Goldstein J., and Laborda J. A dipocyte differentiation is modulated by secreted delta-like (dlk) variants and requires the expression of membrane-associated dlk. Differentiation 64 (1999) 103-114
30. Ohno N., Izawa A., Hattori M., Kageyama R., and Sudo T. Dlk inhibits stem cell factor-induced colony formation of murine hematopoietic progenitors: Hes-1-independent effect. Stem Cells 19 (2001) 71-79
31. Langer F., Stickel J., Tessema M., Kreipe H., and Lehmann U. Overexpression of delta-like (Dlk) in a subset of myelodysplastic syndrome bone marrow trephines. Leuk. Res. 28 (2004) 1081-1083
32. Ferrari T., Weber B., Pils S., Harbott J., and Borkhardt A. Absence of point mutations within AML-1 gene in patients with MDS/AML and loss of chromosome 5q or 7. Ann. Hematol. 80 (2001) 72-73
33. West R.R., Stafford D.A., Farrow A., and Jacobs A. Occupational and environmental exposures and myelodysplasia: a case-control study. Leuk. Res. 19 (1995) 127-139
34. Nisse C., Haguenoer J.M., Grandbastien B., Preudhomme C., Fontaine B., Brillet J.M., et al. Occupational and environmental risk factors of the myelodysplastic syndromes in the North of France. Br. J. Haematol. 112 (2001) 927-935
35. Rigolin G.M., Cuneo A., Roberti M.G., Bardi A., Bigoni R., Piva N., et al. Exposure to myelotoxic agents and myelodysplasia: case control study and correlation with clinicobiological findings. Br. J. Haematol. 103 (1998) 189-197
36. Benett J.M., Catovsky D., Daniel M.T., Flandrin G., Galton D.A.G., Gralnick H.R., and Sultan C. Proposals for the classification of the myelodysplastic syndromes. Br. J. Haematol. 51 (1982) 189-199
37. Aul C., Gatterman N., Heyll A., Germing U., Derigs G., and Schneider W. Primary myelodysplastic syndromes: analysis of prognostic factors in 235 patients and proposals for an improved scoring system. Leukemia 6 (1992) 52-59
38. Morel P., Hebbar M., Lai J.-L., Duhamel A., Preudhomme C., Wattel E., et al. Cytogenetic analysis has strong independent prognostic value in de novo myelodysplastic syndromes and can be incorporated in a new scoring system: a report on 408 cases. Leukemia 7 (1993) 1315-1323
39. Mufti G.J., Stevens J.R., Oscier D.G., Hamblin T.J., and Machin D. Myelodysplastic syndromes: a scoring system with prognostic significance. Br. J. Haemat. 59 (1985) 425-433
40. Parlier V., Van Melle G., Berise P., Schmidt P.M., Tobler A., Haller E., and Bellomo M.J. Prediction of 18-month survival in patients with primary myelodysplastic syndrome: a regression model and a scoring system based on the combination of chromosome findings and the Bournemouth score. Cancer Genet. Cytogenet. 81 (1995) 158-165
41. Sanz G.F., Sanz M.A., Vallespi T., Canizo M.C., Torrabadelle M., Garcia S., et al. Two regression models and a scoring system for predicting survival and planning treatment in myelodysplastic syndromes: a multivariate analysis of prognostic factors in 370 patients. Blood 74 (1989) 395-408
42. Aul C., Gattermann N., Germing U., Runde V., Heyll A., and Schneider W. Risk assessment in primary myelodysplastic syndromes: validation of the Dusseldorf score. Leukemia 8 (1994) 1906-1913
43. Harris N.L., Saffe E.S., Diebold J., Flandrin G., Muller-Hermalindk H.K., and Vardiman J. World Health Organization classification of neoplastic diseases of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues: report of the Clinical Advisory Committee Meeting, Airlie House, Virginia, November 1997. J. Clin. Oncol. 17 (1999) 3835-3849
44. Benett J.M. World Health Organization classification of the acute leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. Int. J. Hematol. 72 (2000) 131-133
45. Germin V., Gattermann N., Strupp M., Aivado M., and Aul C. Validation of the WHO proposals for a new classification of primary myelodysplastic syndromes: a retrospective analysis of 1600 patients. Leuk. Res 24 (2000) 983-992
46. Greenberg P., Cox C., LeBeau M.M., Fenaux P., Morel P., Sanz G., et al. International scoring system for evaluating prognosis in myelodysplastic syndromes. Blood 89 (1997) 2079-2088
47. Maes B., Meeus P., Michaux L., Bijnens L., Boogaerts M., Hagemeijer A., et al. Application of the international prognostic scoring system for myelodysplastic syndromes. Ann. Oncol. 10 (1999) 825-829
48. Pfeilstoker M., Reisner R., Nosslinger T., Gruner H., Nowotny H., Tuchler H., et al. Cross-validation of prognostic scores in myelodysplastic syndromes on 386 patients from a single institution confirms importance of cytogenetics. Br. J. Haematol. 106 (1999) 455-463
49. Sole F., Espinet B., Sanz G., Cervera J., Calasanz M.J., Luno E., et al. Incidence, characterization and prognostic significance of chromosomal abnormalities in 640 patients with primary myelodysplastic syndromes, Br. J. Haematol. 108 (2000) 346-356
50. Sanz G.F., Sanz M.A., and Greenberg P.L. Prognostic factors and scoring systems in myelodysplastic syndromes. Haematologica 83 (1998) 358-368
51. Nevill T.J., Fung H.C., Shepherd J.D., Nantel d.e., Klingemann H.G., Forrest D.L., et al. Cytogenetic abnormalities in primary myelodysplastic syndrome are highly predictive of outcome after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Blood 92 (1998) 1910-1917
52. Mhawech P., and Saleem A. Myelodysplastic syndrome: review of the cytogenetic and molecular data. Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol. 40 (2001) 229-238
53. Nowell P.C. Chromosome abnormalities in myelodysplastic syndromes. Semin. Oncol. 19 (1992) 25-33
54. Solé F., Prieto F., Badia L., Woessner S., Florensa L., Caballin M.R., et al. Cystogenetic studies in 112 cases of untreated myelodysplastic syndromes. Cancer Genet. Cytogenet. 64 (1992) 12-20
55. Vallespi T., Imbert M., Mecucci C., Preudhomme C., and Fenaux P. Diagnosis, classification and cytogenetics of myelodysplastic syndromes. Haematologica 83 (1998) 258-275
56. Fernandez T.S., Ornellas M.H., de Carralho L.O., Tabak D., and Abdelhay E. Chromosomal alterations associated with evolution from myelodysplastic syndrome to acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk. Res. 24 (2000) 839-848
57. Horiike S., Taniwaki M., Misawa S., and Abe T. Chromosome abnormalities and karyotypic evolution in 83 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome and predictive value for prognosis. Cancer 62 (1988) 1129-1138
58. Geddes A.A., Bowen D.T., and Jacobs A. Clonal karyotype abnormalities and clinical progress in the myelodysplastic syndrome. Br. J. Haematol. 76 (1990) 194-202
59. Billstrom R., Thiede T., Hansen S., Heim S., Kristoffersson U., Mandahl N., and Mitelman F. Bone marrow karyotype and prognosis in primary myelodysplastic syndromes. Eur. J. Haematol. 41 (1988) 341-346
60. Yunis J.J., Lobell M., Arnesen M.A., Oken M.M., Mayer M.G., Rydell R.E., and Brunning R.D. Refined chromosome study helps define prognostic subgroups in most patients with primary myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myelogenous leukaemia. Br. J. Haematol. 68 (1988) 189-194
61. Toyama K., Ohyashiki K., Yoshida Y., Abe T., Asano S., Hiral H., et al. Clinical implications of chromosomal abnormalities in 401 patients with myelodysplastic syndromes: a multicenter study in Japan. Leukemia 7 (1993) 499-508
62. Parlier V., Van Melle G., Beris P., Schmidt P.M., Tobler A., Haller E., and Jotterand Bellomo M. Hematologic, clinical and cytogenetic analysis in 109 patients with primary myelodysplastic syndrome. Prognostic significance of morphology and chromosome findings. Cancer Genet. Cytogenet. 78 (1994) 219-231
63. Jotterand M., and Parlier V. Diagnostic and prognostic significance of cytogenetics in adult primary myelodysplastic syndromes. Leuk. Lymphoma 23 (1996) 253-266
64. Estey E., Thall P., Beran M., Kantarjian H., Pierce S., and Keating M. Effect of diagnosis (refractory anemia with excess blasts, refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation or acute myeloid leukemia [AML]) on outcome of AML-type chemotherapy. Blood 90 (1997) 2969-2977
65. Pisani F.D., and Rainaldi A. Management of high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes. Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol. 40 (2001) 215-228
66. Hiddemann W., Jahns-Streubel G., Verbeek W., Wormann B., Haase D., and Schoch C. Intensive therapy for high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes and the biological significance of karyotype abnormalities. Leuk. Res. 22 (1998) S23-S26
67. de Witte T., Suciu S., Peetermans M., Fenaux P., Strijckmans P., Hayat M., et al. Intensive chemotherapy for poor prognosis myelodysplasia (MDS) and secondary acute myeloid leukaemia (sAML) following MDS of more than 6 months duration: a pilot study by the Leukemia coopertive group of the European organization for research and treatment in Cancer (EORTC-LCG). Leukemia 9 (1995) 1805-1811
68. Anderson J.E. Bone marrow transplantation for myelodysplasia. Blood 14 (2000) 63-77
69. Sutton L., Chastang C., Ribaud P., Jouet J.P., Kuentz M., Attal M., et al. Factors influencing outcome in de novo myelodysplastic syndromes treated by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: a long term study of 71 patients. Blood 88 (1996) 358-365
70. Sierra J., Perez W.S., Rozman C., Carreras E., Klein J.P., Rizzo J.D., et al. Bone marrow transplantation from HLA-identical siblings as treatment for myelodysplasia. Blood 100 (2002) 1997-2004
71. Anderson J., Appelbaum F., Fisher L.D., Schoch G., Shulman H., Anacetti C., et al. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for 93 patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Blood 82 (1993) 677-681
72. Appelbaum F.R., and Anderson J. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for myelodysplastic syndrome: outcome analysis according to IPSS score. Leukemia 12 (1998) S25-S29
73. Cermak J., Vitek A., and Michalova K. Combined stratification of refractory anemia according to both WHO and IPSS criteria has a prognostic impact and improves identification of patients who may benefit from stem cell transplantation. Leuk. Res. 28 (2004) 551-557
74. Boultwood J., Lewis S., and Wainscoat J.S. The 5q-syndrome. Blood 84 (1994) 3253-3260
75. Van den Berghe H., and Michaux L. 5q-, twenty-five years later: a synopsis. Cancer Genet. Cytogenet. 94 (1997) 1-7
76. Washington L.B.T., Doherty D., Glassman A., Martins J., Ibrahim S., and Lai R. Myeloid disorders with deletion of 5q as the sole karyotype abnormality: the clinical and pathologic spectrum. Leuk. Lymphoma 43 (2002) 761-765
77. Le Beau M.M., Espinosa R., Neuman W.L., Stock W., Roulston D., Larson R.A., et al. Cytogenetic and molecular delineation of the smallest commonly deleted region of chromosome 5 in malignant myeloid diseases. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 90 (1993) 5484-5488
78. Jaju R.J., Boultwood J., Oliver F.J., Kostrzewa M., Fidler C., Parker N., et al. Molecular cytogenetic delineation of the critical deleted region in the 5q-syndrome. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 22 (1998) 251-256
79. Westbrook C.A., Hsu W.T., Chyna B., Litvak D., Raza A., and Horrigan S.K. Cytogenetic and molecular diagnosis of chromosome 5 deletions in myelodysplasia. Br. J. Haematol. 110 (2000) 847-855
80. Zhao N., Stoffel A., Wang P.W., Eisenbart J.D., Espinosa III R., Larson R.A., and Le Beau M.M. Molecular delineation of the smallest commonly deleted region of chromosome 5 in malignant myeloid diseases to 1-1.5 Mb and preparation of a PAC-based physical map. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA. 94 (1997) 6948-6953
81. Horrigan S.K., Arbieva Z.H., Xie H.Y., Kravarusic J., Fulton N.C., Naik H., et al. Delineation of a minimal interval and identification of 9 candidates for a tumour suppressor gene in malignant myeloid disorders on 5q31. Blood 95 (2000) 2372-2377
82. Konstantinopoulou V., Kamakari S., Ragoussis I., and Anagnou N.P. Physical and hematopoietic transcript map of a 5q31 critical subregion associated with the 5q-syndrome. Leuk. Res. 25 (2001) S3
83. Crescenzi B., Starza R., Romoli S., Beacci D., Matteucci C., Barda G., et al. Submicroscopic deletion in 5q-associated malignancies. Haematologica 89 (2004) 281-286
84. Fairman J., Wang R.Y., Liang H., Zhao L., Saltman D., Liang J.C., and Nagarajan L. Translocations and deletions of 5q13.1 in myelodysplasia and acute myelogenous leukemia: evidence for a novel critical locus. Blood 88 (1996) 2259-2266
85. Le Beau M.M., Espinosa III R., Davis E.M., Eisenbart J.D., Larson R.A., and Green E.D. Cytogenetic and molecular delineation of a region of chromosome 7 commonly deleted in malignant myeloid diseases. Blood 88 (1996) 1930-1935
86. 22 in myeloid leukemias. Blood 89 (1997) 2036-2041
87. Tosi S., Sherer S.W., Giudici G., Czepulkowski B., Biondi A., and Kearney L. Delineation of multiple deleted regions in 7q in myeloid disorders. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 25 (1999) 384-392
88. Kurtin P.J., Dewald G.W., Shields D.J., and Hanson C.A. Hematologic disorders associated with deletions of chromosome 20q: a clinicopathologic study of 107 patients. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 106 (1996) 680-688
89. Asimakopoulos F.A., White N.J., Nacheva E., and Green A.R. Molecular analysis of chromosome 20q deletions associated with myeloproliferative disorders and myelodysplastic syndromes. Blood 84 (1994) 3086-3094
90. Colub T.R., Barker G.G., Lovett M., and Gilliland D.G. Fusion of PDGF receptor β to a novel ets-like gene, tel, in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia with t(5;12) chromosomal translocation. Cell 77 (1994) 307-316
91. Toyoshima H., and Hunter T. P27, a novel inhibitor of G1 cyclin-cdk protein kinase activity is related to p21. Cell 78 (1994) 67-74
92. Hayashi H., Ito T., Yazama T., Ikeda M., Inayama Y., Nakatani Y., et al. Reduced expression of p27/kip1 is associated with development of pulmonary adenocarcinoma. J. Pathol. 192 (2000) 26-31
93. United Kingdom Cancer Cytogenetics Group (UKCCG). Loss of the Y chromosome from normal and neoplastic bone marrows. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 5 (1992) 83-88
94. Wiktor A., Rybicki B.A., Piao Z.S., Shurafa M., Barthel B., Maeda K., and Van Dyke D.L. Clinical significance of Y chromosome loss in hematological disease. Genes Chromosome Cancer 27 (2000) 11-16
95. Jary L., Mossafa H., Fourcade C., Genet P., Pulik M., and Flandrin G. The 17p-syndrome: a distinct myelodysplastic syndrome entity. Leuk. Lymphoma 25 (1997) 163-168
96. Lai J.-L., Preudhomme C., Zandecki M., Flactif M., Vanrumbeke M., Lepelley P., et al. Myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia with 17p deletion. An entity characterized by specific dysgranulopoiesis and a high incidence of p53 mutations. Leukemia 9 (1995) 370-381
97. McClure R.F., Dewald G.W., Hover J.D., and Hanson C.A. Isolated isochromosome 17q: a distinct type of mixed myeloproliferative disorder/myelodysplastic syndrome with an aggressive clinical course. Br. J. Haematol. 106 (1999) 445-454
98. Pedersen B. MDS and AML with trisomy 8 as the sole chromosome aberration show different sex ratios and prognostic profiles: a study of 115 published cases. Am. J. Hematol. 56 (1997) 224-229
99. Fonatsch C., Gudat H., Lengfelder E., Wandt H., Silling-Engelhardt G., Ludwig W.D., et al. Correlation of cytogenetic findings with clinical features in 18 patients with inv(3)(q21q26) or t(3;3)(q21;q26). Leukemia 8 (1994) 1318-1326
100. 23: cytogenetic and clinical aspect. Leukemia 12 (1998) 823-827
101. Bain B.J., Moorman A.V., Johansson B., Mehta A.B., and Secker-Walker L.M. Myelodysplastic syndromes associated with 11q23 abnormalities. European 11q23 Workshop participants. Leukemia 12 (1998) 834-839
102. 13) as the sole anomaly in myeloid malignancies: four new cases and a short review. Ann. Hematol. 83 (2004) 153-155
103. Yoneda-Kato N., Look A.T., Kirstein M.N., Valentine M.B., Raimondi S.C., Cohen K.J., et al. The t(3;5)(q25.1;q34) of myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia produces a novel fusion gene, NPM-MLF1. Oncogene 12 (1996) 265-275
104. Kibbelaar R.E., Mulder J.W., Dreef E.J., Van Kamp H., Fibbe W.E., Wessels J.W., et al. Detection of monosomy 7 and trisomy 8 in myeloid neoplasia: a comparison of banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Blood 82 (1993) 904-913
105. Jenkins R.B., Le Beau M.M., Kraker W.J., Borell T.J., Stalboerger P.G., Davis E.M., et al. Fluorescence in situ hybridization. A sensitive method for trisomy 8 detection in bone marrow specimens. Blood 79 (1992) 3307-3315
106. Arif M., Tanaka K., Damodaran C., Asou H., Kyo T., Dohy H., and Kamada N. Hidden monosomy 7 in acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome detected by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization. Leuk. Res. 20 (1996) 709-716
107. Flactif M., Lai J.L., Preudhomme C., and Fenaux P. Fluorescence in situ hybridization improves the detection of monosomy 7 in myelodysplastic syndromes. Leukemia 8 (1994) 1012-1018
108. Tanaka K., Arif M., Eguchi M., Shintani T., Kumaravel T.S., Asaoku H., et al. Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization overcomes pitfalls of G-banding analysis with special reference to underestimation of chromosomal aberration rates. Cancer Genet. Cytogenet. 115 (1999) 32-38
109. Bram S., Swolin B., Rodjer S., Stockelberg D., Ogard I., and Back H. Is monosomy 5 an uncommon aberration? Fluorescence in situ hybridization reveals translocations and deletions in myelodysplastic syndromes or acute myelocytic leukemia. Cancer Genet. Cytogenet. 142 (2003) 107-114
110. Romeo M., Chauffaille M.d.L., Silva M.R.R., Bahia D.M.M., and Kerbauy J. Comparison of cytogenetics with FISH in 40 myelodysplastic syndrome patients. Leuk. Res. 26 (2002) 993-996
111. Cherry A.M., Brockman S.R., Paternoster S.F., Hicks G.A., Neuberg D., Higgins R.R., et al. Comparison of interphase FISH and metaphase cytogenetics to study myelodysplastic syndrome: an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) study. Leuk. Res. 27 (2003) 1085-1090
112. Rigolin G.M., Bigori R., Milani R., Cavazzini F., Roberti M.G., Bardi A., et al. Clinical importance of interphase cytogenetics detecting occult chromosome lesions in myelodysplastic syndromes with normal karyotype. Leukemia 15 (2001) 1841-1847
113. Ketterling R.P., Wyatt W.A., VanWier S.A., Law M., Hodnefield J.M., Hanson C.A., and Dewald G.W. Primary myelodysplastic syndrome with normal cytogenetics: utility of 'FISH panel testing' and M-FISH. Leuk. Res. 26 (2002) 235-240
114. Trost D., Hidebrandt B., Müller N., Germing V., and Royer-Pokora B. Hidden chromosomal aberrations are rare in primary myelodysplastic syndromes with evolution to acute myeloid leukemia and normal cytogenetics. Leuk. Res. 28 (2004) 171-174
115. Schrock E., and Padilla-Nash H. Spectral karyotyping and multicolor flyorescence in situ hybridization reveal new tumor-specific chromosomal aberration. Semin. Hematol. 37 (2000) 334-347
116. Mohr B., Bornhauser M., Thiede C., Schakel U., Schaich M., Illmer I., et al. Comparison of spectral karyotyping and conventional cytogenetics in 39 patients with acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. Leukemia 14 (2000) 1031-1038
117. Wilkens L., Burkhardt D., Tchinda J., Busche G., Werner M., Nolte M., et al. Cytogenetic aberrations in myelodysplastic syndrome detected by comparative genomic hybridization and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Diagn. Mol. Pathol. 8 (1999) 47-53
118. Van Limbergen H., Poppe B., Michaux L., Herens C., Brown J., Noens L., et al. Identification of cytogenetic subclasses and recurring chromosomal aberrations in AML and MDS with complex karyotypes using M-FISH. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 33 (2002) 60-72