Contribution of VEGF and PEDF to choroidal angiogenesis: A need for balanced expressions

Clinical Biochemistry

Volumn 39, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 267-276

  Tong, Jian Ping ^a   Yao, Yu Feng ^b  

^a ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

Angiogenesis; CNV; PCV; PEDF; VEGF

Indexed keywords

PIGMENT EPITHELIUM DERIVED FACTOR; VASCULOTROPIN;

ANGIOGENESIS; BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY; CHOROID; EYE DISEASE; GENE THERAPY; GENETICS; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; PERMEABILITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN LOCALIZATION; REVIEW; RNA INTERFERENCE; SUBRETINAL NEOVASCULARIZATION; VIRUS VECTOR;

CHOROID; EYE DISEASES; EYE PROTEINS; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; HUMANS; NEOVASCULARIZATION, PHYSIOLOGIC; NERVE GROWTH FACTORS; SERPINS; VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR A;

EID: 33645028105     PISSN: 00099120     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2005.11.013     Document Type: Review

References (116)

1. R.K. Jain Normalizing tumour vasculature with anti-angiogenic therapy: a new paradigm for combination therapy Nat. Med. 7 2001 987 989
2. H.P. Gerber, and N. Ferrara The role of VEGF in normal and neoplastic hematopoiesis J. Mol. Med. 81 2003 20 31
3. A. Patz Studies on retinal neovascularization, Friedenwald Lecture Invest. Ophthalmol. Visual Sci. 19 1980 1133 1138
4. W.R. Green, and D.J. Wilson Choroidal neovascularization Ophthalmology 93 1986 1169 1176
5. S.C. Lee, Y.S. Seong, S.S. Kim, H.J. Koh, and O.W. Kwon Photodynamic therapy with verteporfin for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy of the macula Ophthalmologica 218 2004 193 201
6. W. Smith, J. Assink, and R. Klein Risk factors for age-related macular degeneration. Pooled findings from three continents Ophthalmology 108 2001 696 704
7. J. Folkman Clinical applications of research on angiogenesis N. Engl. J. Med. 333 1995 1757 1763
8. K. Ohno-Matsui, I. Morita, and J. Tombran-Tink Novel mechanism for age-related macular degeneration: an equilibrium shift between the angiogenesis factors VEGF and PEDF J. Cell. Physiol. 189 2001 323 333
9. G. Martin, G. Schlunck, L.L. Hansen, and H.T. Agostini Differential expression of angioregulatory factors in normal and CNV-derived human retinal pigment epithelium Graefe Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 242 2004 321 326
10. G. Gao, Y. Li, D. Zhang, S. Gee, C. Crosson, and J. Ma Unbalanced expression of VEGF and PEDF in ischemia-induced retinal neovascularization FEBS Lett. 489 2001 270 276
11. D.W. Dawson, O.V. Volpert, and P. Gillis Pigment epithelium-derived factor: a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis Science 285 1999 245 248
12. V. Stellmach, S.E. Crawford, W. Zhou, and N. Bouck Prevention of ischemia-induced retinopathy by the natural ocular antiangiogenic agent pigment epithelium-derived factor Proc. Natl. Acad. Soc. U. S. A. 98 2001 2593 2597
13. N. Bouck PEDF: anti-angiogenic guardian of ocular function Trends. Mol. Med. 8 2002 330 334
14. J. Tombran-Tink, and C.J. Barnstable Therapeutic prospects for PEDF: more than a promising angiogenesis inhibitor Trends. Mol. Med. 9 2003 244 250
15. X. Li, and U. Eriksson Novel VEGF family members: VEGF-B, VEGF-C and VEGF-D Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 33 2001 421 426
16. N. Ferrara, H.P. Gerber, and J. LeCouter The biology of VEGF and its receptors Nat. Med. 9 2003 669 676
17. E. Tischer, R. Mitchell, and T. Hartman The human gene for vascular endothelial growth factor. Multiple protein forms are encoded through alternative exon splicing J. Biol. Chem. 266 1991 11947 11954
18. J.E. Park, G.A. Keller, and N. Ferrara The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) isoforms: differential deposition into the subepithelial extracellular matrix and bioactivity of extracellular matrix-bound VEGF Mol. Biol. Cell 4 1993 1317 1326
19. S.H. Kim, Y.M. Choi, S.H. Choung, J.K. Jun, J.G. Kim, and S.Y. Moon Vascular endothelial growth factor gene +405 C/G polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to advanced stage endometriosis Hum. Reprod. 20 2005 2904 2908
20. J.S. Seo, S.S. Lee, and S.I. Kim Influence of VEGF gene polymorphisms on the severity of ankylosing sponylitis Rheumatology 12 2005 (Jul.) [Epub ahead of print]
21. D.J. Dumont, G.H. Fong, M.C. Puri, G. Gradwohl, K. Alitalo, and M.L. Breitman Vascularization of the mouse embryo: a study of flk-1, tek, tie, and vascular endothelial growth factor expression during development Dev. Dyn. 203 1995 80 92
22. D. Shweiki, A. Itin, D. Soffer, and E. Keshet Vascular endothelial growth factor induced by hypoxia may mediate hypoxia-initiated angiogenesis Nature 359 1992 843 845
23. S. Frank, G. Hubner, G. Breier, M.T. Longaker, D.G. Greenhalgh, and S. Werner Regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor expression in cultured keratinocytes. Implications for normal and impaired wound healing J. Biol. Chem. 270 1995 12607 12613
24. L. Pertovaara, A. Kaipainen, and T. Mustonen Vascular endothelial growth factor is induced in response to transforming growth factor-beta in fibroblastic and epithelial cells J. Biol. Chem. 269 1994 6271 6274
25. P. Ben-Av, L.J. Crofford, R.L. Wilder, and T. Hla Induction of vascular endothelial growth factor expression in synovial fibroblasts by prostaglandin E and interleukin-1: a potential mechanism for inflammatory angiogenesis FEBS Lett. 372 1995 83 87
26. T. Cohen, D. Nahari, L.W. Cerem, G. Neufeld, and B.Z. Levi Interleukin 6 induces the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor J. Biol. Chem. 271 1996 736 741
27. P. Carmeliet, and R.K. Jain Angiogenesis in cancer and other diseases Nature 407 2000 249 257
28. N. Ferrara, and T. Davis-Smyth The biology of vascular endothelial growth factor Endocr. Rev. 18 1997 4 25
29. T. Alon, I. Hemo, A. Itin, J. Pe'er, J. Stone, and E. Keshet Vascular endothelial growth factor acts as a survival factor for newly formed retinal vessels and has implications for retinopathy of prematurity Nat. Med. 1 1995 1024 1028
30. H.P. Gerber, A. McMurtrey, and J. Kowalski Vascular endothelial growth factor regulates endothelial cell survival through the phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase/Akt signal transduction pathway, requirement for Flk-1/KDR activation J. Biol. Chem. 273 1998 30336 30343
31. P. Carmeliet, V. Ferreira, and G. Breier Abnormal blood vessel development and lethality in embryos lacking a single VEGF allele Nature 380 1996 435 439
32. N. Ravindranath, L. Little-Ihrig, H.S. Phillips, N. Ferrara, and A.J. Zeleznik Vascular endothelial growth factor messenger ribonucleic acid expression in the primate ovary Endocrinology 131 1992 254 260
33. H. Lu, X.O. Shu, and Y. Cui Association of genetic polymorphisms in the VEGF gene with breast cancer survival Cancer Res. 65 2005 (Jun.) 5015 5019
34. M. Ichinoe, T. Mikami, H. Shiraishi, and I. Okayasu High microvascular density is correlated with high VEGF, iNOS and COX-2 expression in penetrating growth-type early gastric carcinomas Histopathology 45 2004 612 618
35. B.I. Rini, and E.J. Small Biology and clinical development of vascular endothelial growth factor-targeted therapy in renal cell carcinoma J. Clin. Oncol. 23 2005 1028 1043
36. M. Ueda, Y.C. Hung, and Y. Terai Vascular endothelial growth factor-C expression and invasive phenotype in ovarian carcinomas Clin. Cancer Res. 11 2005 3225 3232
37. A. Talvensaari-Mattila, Y. Soini, and M. Santala VEGF and its receptors (flt-1 and KDR/flk-1) as prognostic indicators in endometrial carcinoma Tumour Biol. 26 2005 81 87
38. H. Huang, J. Held-Feindt, R. Buhl, H.M. Mehdorn, and R. Mentlein Expression of VEGF and its receptors in different brain tumours Neurol. Res. 27 2005 371 377
39. J. Pe'er, R. Folberg, A. Itin, H. Gnessin, I. Hemo, and E. Keshet Vascular endothelial growth factor upregulation in human central retinal vein occlusion Ophthalmology 105 1998 412 416
40. I.A. Bhutto, D.S. McLeod, and T. Hasegawa Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in aged human choroid and eyes with age-related macular degeneration Exp. Eye Res. 11 2005 (Jul.) [electronic publication ahead of print]
41. D.N. Hu, R. Ritch, J. Liebmann, Y. Liu, B. Cheng, and M.S. Hu Tissue vascular endothelial growth factor is increased in aqueous humor of glaucomatous eyes J. Glaucoma 11 2002 406 410
42. E.A. Pierce, E.D. Foley, and L.E. Smith Regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor by oxygen in a model of retinopathy of prematurity Arch. Ophthalmol. 114 1996 1219 1228
43. A.P. Adamis, D.T. Shima, and M.J. Tolentino Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor prevents retinal ischemia-associated iris neovascularization in a nonhuman primate Arch. Ophthalmol. 114 1996 66 71
44. R.J. Marano, I. Toth, N. Wimmer, M. Brankov, and P.E. Rakoczy Dendrimer delivery of an anti-VEGF oligonucleotide into the eye: a long-term study into inhibition of laser-induced CNV, distribution, uptake and toxicity Gene Ther. 12 2005 1544 1550
45. N. Kwak, N. Okamoto, J.M. Wood, and P.A. Campochiaro VEGF is major stimulator in model of choroidal neovascularization Invest. Ophthalmol. Visual Sci. 41 2000 3158 3164
46. D.R. Senger, S.J. Galli, A.M. Dvorak, C.A. Perruzzi, V.S. Harvey, and H.F. Dvorak Tumour cells secrete a vascular permeability factor that promotes accumulation of ascites fluid Science 219 1983 983 985
47. H.F. Dvorak, L.F. Brown, M. Detmar, and A.M. Dvorak Vascular permeability factor/vascular endothelial growth factor, microvascular hyperpermeability, and angiogenesis Am. J. Pathol. 146 1995 1029 1039
48. R. Kimura, H. Nakase, R. Tamaki, and T. Sakaki Vascular endothelial growth factor antagonist reduces brain edema formation and venous infarction Stroke 36 2005 1259 1263
49. H. Funatsu, H. Yamashita, and K. Sakata Vitreous levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 are related to diabetic macular edema Ophthalmology 112 2005 806 816
50. J.P. Gratton, M.I. Lin, and J. Yu Selective inhibition of tumour microvascular permeability by cavtratin blocks tumour progression in mice Cancer Cell 4 2003 31 39
51. D. Gospodarowicz, N. Ferrara, L. Schweigerer, and G. Neufeld Structural characterization and biological functions of fibroblast growth factor Endocr. Rev. 8 1987 95 114
52. B.P. Eliceiri, R. Paul, P.L. Schwartzberg, J.D. Hood, J. Leng, and D.A. Cheresh Selective requirement for Src kinases during VEGF-induced angiogenesis and vascular permeability Mol. Cell 4 1999 915 924
53. M. Matsuoka, N. Ogata, T. Otsuji, T. Nishimura, K. Takahashi, and M. Matsumura Expression of pigment epithelium derived factor and vascular endothelial growth factor in choroidal neovascular membranes and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy Br. J. Ophthalmol. 88 2004 809 815
54. S.R. Boyd, I. Zachary, and U. Chakravarthy Correlation of increased vascular endothelial growth factor with neovascularization and permeability in ischemic central vein occlusion Arch. Ophthalmol. 120 2002 1644 1650
55. I. Funatsu, H. Yamshita, and K. Sakata Vitreous levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and intercellular adhesion molecular 1 are related to diabetic macular edema Ophthalmology 112 2005 806 816
56. D. Wantanbe, K. Suzuma, and I. Suzuma Vitreous levels of angiopoietin 2 and vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy Am. J. Ophthalmol. 139 2005 476 481
57. R.A. Malik, C. LI, and W. Axiz Elevated plasma CD105 and vitreous VEGF levels in diabetic retinopathy J. Cell. Mol. Med. 9 2005 692 697
58. R.M. Perrin, O. Konopatskaya, Y. Qiu, S. Harper, D.O. Bates, and A.J. Churchill Diabetic retinopathy is associated with a switch in splicing from anti- to pro-angiogenic isoforms of vascular endothelial growth factor Diabetologia 48 2005 2422 2427
59. S.R. Boyd, D.S.W. Tan, and A. Gittos Vascular endothelial growth factor is elevated in ocular fluids of eyes harbouring uveal melanoma: identification of a potential therapeutic window Br. J. Ophthalmol. 86 2002 448 452
60. S.R. Boyd, D.S.W. Tan, and L. de Souza Uveal melanomas express vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor and support endothelial cell growth Br. J. Ophthalmol. 86 2002 440 447
61. Central Vein Occlusion Study: A randomized clinical trial of early panretinal photocoagulation for ischaemic central vein occlusion. The Central Vein Occlusion Study Group N Report Ophthalmology 102 1995 1434
62. Diabetic Retinopathy Study: Photocoagulation treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The second report of diabetic retinopathy study findings Ophthalmology 85 1978 82 105
63. Branch Vein Occlusion Study: Argon laser scatter photocoagulation for prevention of neovascularisation and vitreous haemorrhage in branch vein occlusion, a randomised clinical trial Arch. Ophthalmol. 104 1986 34 41
64. Macular Photocoagulation Study: Argon laser photocoagulation for senile macular degeneration: results of a randomised clinical trial Arch. Ophthalmol. 100 1982 912 918
65. Macular Photocoagulation Study: Argon laser photocoagulation for ocular histoplasmosis: results of a randomised clinical trial Arch. Ophthalmol. 101 1985 1347 1357
66. P.A. Campochiaro, S.F. Hackett, and S.A. Vinores Platelet-derived growth factor is an autocrine growth stimulator in retinal pigment epithelial cells J. Cell Sci. 107 1994 2459 2469
67. D. Ie, L.W. Gordon, B.M. Glaser, and R.A. Pena Transforming growth factor-β2 levels increase following retinal laser photocoagulation Curr. Eye Res. 13 1994 743 746
68. N. Ogata, A. Ando, M. Uyama, and M. Matsumura Expression of cytokines and transcription factors in photocoagulated human retinal pigment epithelial cells Graefe Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 239 2001 87 95
69. A. Tawara, T. Kubota, and Y. Hata Neovascularization in the anterior segment of the rabbit eye by experimental anterior ischemia Graefe Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 240 2002 144 153
70. M. Reichelt, S. Shi, and M. Hayes Vascular endothelial growth factor-B and retinal vascular development in the mouse Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 31 2003 61 65
71. X. Yi, N. Ogata, and M. Komada Vascular endothelial growth factor expression in choroidal neovascularization in rats Graefe Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 235 1997 313 319
72. M.G. Krzystolik, M.A. Afshari, and A.P. Adamis Prevention of experimental choroidal neovascularization with intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody fragment Arch. Ophthalmol. 120 2002 338 346
73. D.T. Shima, A.P. Adamis, and N. Ferrara Hypoxic induction of endothelial cell growth factors in retinal cells: identification and characterization of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as the mitogen Mol. Med. 1 1995 182 193
74. W.G. Roberts, and G.E. Palade Increased microvascular permeability and endothelial fenestration induced by vascular endothelial growth factor J. Cell Sci. 108 1995 2369 2379
75. H.G. Blaauwgeers, G.M. Holtkamp, and H. Rutten Polarized vascular endothelial growth factor secretion by human retinal pigment epithelium and localization of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors on the inner choriocapillaris. Evidence for a trophic paracrine relation Am. J. Pathol. 155 1999 421 428
76. M. Kuroki, E.E. Voest, and S. Amano Reactive oxygen intermediates increase vascular endothelial growth factor expression in vitro and in vivo J. Clin. Invest. 98 1996 1667 1675
77. D.T. Shima, U. Deutsch, and P.A. D'Amore Hypoxic induction of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human epithelial cells is mediated by increases in mRNA stability FEBS Lett. 370 1995 203 208
78. L.A. Yannuzzi, J. Sorenson, R.F. Spaide, and B. Lipson Idiopathic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (IPCV) Retina 10 1990 1 8
79. R.C. Kleiner, A.J. Brucker, and R.L. Johnston The posterior uveal bleeding syndrome Retina 10 1990 9 17
80. R.M. Stern, Z.N. Zakov, H. Zegarra, and F.A. Gutman Multiple recurrent serosanguinous retinal pigment epithelial detachments in black women Am. J. Ophthalmol. 100 1985 560 569
81. M. Uyama, T. Matsubara, and I. Fukushima Idiopathic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in Japanese patients Arch. Ophthalmol. 117 1999 1035 1042
82. J. Tombran-Tink, S.M. Shivaram, G.J. Chader, L.V. Johnson, and D. Bok Expression, secretion, and age-related downregulation of pigment epithelium-derived factor, a serpin with neurotrophic activity J. Neurosci. 15 1995 4992 5003
83. J. Tombran-Tink, and C.J. Barnstable PEDF: a multifaceted neurotrophic factor Nat. Rev., Neurosci. 4 2003 628 636
84. J. Tombran-Tink, K. Mazuruk, and I.R. Rodriguez Organization, evolutionary conservation, expression and unusual Alu density of the human gene for pigment epithelium-derived factor, a unique neurotrophic serpin Mol. Vis. 2 1996 11
85. J. Tombran-Tink, and C.J. Barnstable Osteoblasts and osteoclasts express PEDF, VEGF-A isoforms, and VEGF receptors: possible mediators of angiogenesis and matrix remodeling in the bone Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 316 2004 573 579
86. W. Cao, J. Tombran-Tink, W. Chen, D. Mrazek, R. Elias, and J.F. McGinnis Pigment epithelium-derived factor protects cultured retinal neurons against hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death J. Neurosci. Res. 57 1999 789 800
87. K. Ohno-Matsui, T. Yoshida, T. Uetama, M. Mochizuki, and I. Morita Vascular endothelial growth factor upregulates pigment epithelium-derived factor expression via VEGFR-1 in human retinal pigment epithelial cells Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 303 2003 962 967
88. J. Tombran-Tink, and L.V. Johnson Neuronal differentiation of retinoblastoma cells induced by medium conditioned by human RPE cells Invest. Ophthalmol. Visual Sci. 30 1989 1700 1707
89. H. Takita, S. Yoneya, P.L. Gehlbach, E.J. Duh, L.L. Wei, and K. Mori Retinal neuroprotection against ischemic injury mediated by intraocular gene transfer of pigment epithelium-derived factor Invest. Ophthalmol. Visual Sci. 44 2003 4497 4504
90. L.J. Houenou, A.P. D'Costa, and L. Li Pigment epithelium-derived factor promotes the survival and differentiation of developing spinal motor neurons J. Comp. Neurol. 412 1999 506 514
91. M.M. Jablonski, J. Tombran-Tink, D.A. Mrazek, and A. Iannaccone Pigment epithelium-derived factor supports normal development of photoreceptor neurons and opsin expression after retinal pigment epithelium removal J. Neurosci. 20 2000 7149 7157
92. D. Imai, S. Yoneya, P.L. Gehlbach, L.L. Wei, and K. Mori Intraocular gene transfer of pigment epithelium-derived factor rescues photoreceptors from light-induced cell death J. Cell. Physiol. 202 2005 570 578
93. M.M. Jablonski, J. Tombran-Tink, D.A. Mrazek, and A. Iannaccone Pigment epithelium-derived factor supports normal Muller cell development and glutamine synthetase expression after removal of the retinal pigment epithelium Glia 35 2001 14 25
94. N. Ogata, L. Wang, and N. Jo Pigment epithelium derived factor as a neuroprotective agent against ischemic retinal injury Curr. Eye Res. 22 2001 245 252
95. N. Ogata, M. Matsuoka, M. Imaizumi, M. Arichi, and M. Matsumura Decrease of pigment epithelium-derived factor in aqueous humor with increasing age Am. J. Ophthalmol. 137 2004 935 936
96. R.Z. Renno, A.I. Youssri, N. Michaud, E.S. Gragoudas, and J.W. Miller Expression of pigment epithelium-derived factor in experimental choroidal neovascularization Invest. Ophthalmol. Visual Sci. 43 2002 1574 1580
97. A. Auricchio, K.C. Behling, and A.M. Magiure Inhibition of retinal neovascularization by intraocular viral-mediated delivery of anti-angiogenic agents Mol. Ther. 6 2002 490 494
98. K. Mori, P. Gehlbach, and S. Yamamoto AAV-mediated gene transfer of pigment epithelium-derived factor inhibits choroidal neovascularization IOVS 43 2002 1994 2000
99. T. Kataoka, R.C. Budd, and N. Holler The caspase-8 inhibitor FLIP promotes activation of NF-kappaB and Erk signaling pathways Curr. Biol. 10 2000 640 648
100. T. Yabe, D. Wilson, and J.P. Schwartz NFkappaB activation is required for the neuroprotective effects of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) on cerebellar granule neurons J. Biol. Chem. 276 2001 43313 43319
101. K. Mori, P. Gehlbach, A. Ando, D. McVey, L. Wei, and P.A. Campochiaro Regression of ocular neovascularization in response to increased expression of pigment epithelium-derived factor Invest. Ophthalmol. Visual Sci. 43 2002 2428 2434
102. N.M. Holekamp, N. Bouck, and O. Volpert Pigment epithelium-derived factor is deficient in the vitreous of patients with choroidal neovascularization due to age-related macular degeneration Am. J. Ophthalmol. 134 2002 220 227
103. R.S. Apte, R.A. Barreiro, E. Duh, O. Volpert, and T.A. Ferguson Stimulation of neovascularization by the anti-angiogenic factor PEDF Invest. Ophthalmol. Visual Sci. 45 2004 4491 4497
104. M.S. Aymerich, E.M. Alberdi, A. Martinez, and S.P. Becerra Evidence for pigment epithelium-derived factor receptors in the neural retina Invest. Ophthalmol. Visual Sci. 42 2001 3287 3293
105. N. Ogata, M. Nishikawa, and T. Nishimura Unbalanced vitreous levels of pigment epithelium-derived factor and vascular endothelial growth factor in diabetic retinopathy Am. J. Ophthalmol. 134 2002 348 353
106. N. Ogata, M. Wada, and T. Otsuji Expression of pigment epithelium-derived factor in normal adult rat eye and experimental choroidal neovascularization Invest. Ophthalmol. Visual Sci. 43 2002 1168 1175
107. P. Sandy, A. Ventura, and T. Jacks Mammalian RNA1: a practical guide BioTechniques 39 2005 215 224
108. S.J. Reich, J. Fosnot, and A. Kuroki Small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting VEGF effectively inhibits ocular neovascularization in a mouse model Mol. Vis. 9 2003 210 216
109. M.J. Tolentino, A.J. Brucker, and J. Fosnot Intravitreal injection of vascular endothelial growth factor small interfering RNA inhibits growth and leakage in a nonhuman primate, laser-induced model of choroidal neovascularization Retina 24 2004 132 138
110. R.J. Marano, N. Wimmer, and P.S. Kearns Inhibition of in vitro VEGF expression and choroidal neovascularization by synthetic dendrimer peptide mediated delivery of a sense oligonucleotide Exp. Eye Res. 79 2004 525 535
111. M. Honda, T. Sakamoto, T. Ishibashi, H. Inomata, and H. Ueno Experimental subretinal neovascularization is inhibited by adenovirus-mediated soluble VEGF/flt-1 receptor gene transfection: a role of VEGF and possible treatment for SRN in age-related macular degeneration Gene Ther. 7 2000 978 985
112. C.M. Lai, W.Y. Shen, and M. Brankov Long-term evaluation of AAV-mediated sFlt-1 gene therapy for ocular neovascularization in mice and monkeys Mol. Ther. 12 2005 659 668
113. E.J. Duh, H.S. Yang, and I. Suzuma Pigment epithelium-derived factor suppresses ischemia-induced retinal neovascularization and VEGF-induced migration and growth Invest. Ophthalmol. Visual Sci. 43 2002 821 829
114. B.J. Raisler, K.I. Berns, M.B. Grant, D. Beliaev, and W.W. Hauswirth Adeno-associated virus type-2 expression of pigmented epithelium-derived factor or Kringles 1-3 of angiostatin reduce retinal neovascularization Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 99 2002 8909 8914
115. C.J. Streck, Y. Zhang, J. Zhou, C. Ng, A.C. Nathwani, and A.M. Davidoff Adeno-associated virus vector-mediated delivery of pigment epithelium-derived factor restricts neuroblastoma angiogenesis and growth J. Pediatr. Surg. 40 2005 236 243
116. H. Rassmussen, K.W. Chu, and P. Campochiaro Clinical protocol: an open-label, phase I, single administration, does-escalation study of ADGVPEDF.11D (ADPEDF) in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) Hum. Gene. Ther. 12 2001 2029 2032