On the origin of telomeres: A glimpse at the pre-telomerase world

BioEssays

Volumn 28, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 182-190

  Nosek, Jozef ^a   Kosa, Peter ^a   Tomaska, Lubomir ^a  

^a Physics and Informatics   (Slovakia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

TELOMERASE;

BACTERIAL CHROMOSOME; CELL NUCLEUS; CELL ORGANELLE; CHROMOSOME REPLICATION; DNA STRUCTURE; ENZYME ACTIVITY; EUKARYOTE; FOSSIL; GENOME; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; NONHUMAN; PHYLOGENY; REVIEW; TANDEM REPEAT; TELOMERE;

ANIMALS; DNA, MITOCHONDRIAL; EVOLUTION; HUMANS; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; MODELS, GENETIC; MUTATION; PHYLOGENY; TELOMERASE; TELOMERE;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); EUKARYOTA;

EID: 33644555823     PISSN: 02659247     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/bies.20355     Document Type: Review

References (101)

1. Cech TR. 2004. Beginning to understand the end of the chromosome. Cell 116:273-279.
2. McEachern MJ, Krauskopf A, Blackburn EH. 2000. Telomeres and their control. Annu Rev Genet 34:331-358.
3. Blackburn EH, Gall JG. 1978. A tandemly repeated sequence at the termini of the extrachromosomal ribosomal RNA genes in Tetrahymena. J Mol Biol 120:33-53.
4. Greider CW, Blackburn EH. 1985. Identification of a specific telomere terminal transferase activity in Tetrahymena extracts. Cell 43:405-413.
5. Greider CW, Blackburn EH. 1987. The telomere terminal transferase of Tetrahymena is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme with two kinds of primer specificity. Cell 51:887-898.
6. Lundblad V. 2002. Telomere maintenance without telomerase. Oncogene 21:522-531.
7. Nosek J, Tomaska L, Fukuhara H, Suyama Y, Kovac L. 1998. Linearmitochondrial genomes: 30 years down the line. Trends Genet 14:184-188.
8. Nosek J, Tomaska L. 2002. Mitochondrial telomeres: Alternative solutions to the end-replication problem. In: Krupp G, Parwaresch R, editors. Telomeres, Telomerases and Cancer, New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. 396-417 p.
9. Tomaska L, McEachern MJ, Nosek J. 2004. Alternatives to telomerase: keeping linear chromosomes via telomeric circles. FEBS Lett 567:142-146.
10. de Lange T. 2004. T-loops and the origin of telomeres. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 5:323-329.
11. Pardue ML, DeBaryshe PG. 2003. Retrotransposons provide an evolutionary robust non-telomerase mechanism to maintain telomeres. Annu Rev Genet 37:485-511.
12. Lundblad V, Blackburn EH. 1993. An alternative pathway for yeast telomere maintenance rescues est1- senescence. Cell 73:347-360.
13. Bryan TM, Englezou A, Gupta J, Bacchetti S, Reddel RR. 1995. Telomere elongation in immortal human cells without detectable telomerase activity. EMBO J 14:4240-4248.
14. Reddel RR. 2003. Alternative lengthening of telomeres, telomerase, and cancer. Cancer Lett 194:155-162.
15. Gupta J, Han LP, Wang P, Gallie BL, Bacchetti S. 1996. Development of retinoblastoma in the absence of telomerase activity. J Natl Cancer Inst 88:1152-1157.
16. Hakin-Smith V, Jellinek DA, Levy D, Carroll T, Teo M, et al. 2003. Alternative lengthening of telomeres and survival in patients with glioblastoma multiforme. Lancet 361:836-838.
17. Reddel RR. 2000. The role of senescence and immortalization in carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis 21:477-484.
18. Dunham MA, Neumann AA, Fasching CL, Reddel RR. 2000. Telomere maintenance by recombination in human cells. Nat Genet 26:447-450.
19. Li B, Lustig AJ. 1996. A novel mechanism for telomere size control in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genes Dev 10:1310-1326.
20. Lustig AJ. 2003. Clues to catastrophic telomere loss in mammals from yeast telomere rapid deletion. Nat Rev Genet 4:916-923.
21. Fasching CL, Bower K, Reddel RR. 2005. Telomerase-independent telomere length maintenance in the absence of alternative lengthening of telomeres-associated promyelocytic leukemia bodies. Cancer Res 65: 2722-2729.
22. Marciniak RA, Cavazos D, Montellano R, Chen Q, Guarente L, et al. 2005. A novel telomere structure in a human alternative lengthening of telomeres cell line. Cancer Res 65:2730-2737.
23. Nielsen L, Edstrom JE. 1993. Complex telomere-associated repeat units in members of the genus Chironomus evolve from sequences similar to simple telomeric repeats. Mol Cell Biol 13:1583-1589.
24. Roth CW, Kobeski F, Walter MF, Biessmann H. 1997. Chromosome end elongation by recombination in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae. Mol Cell Biol 17:5176-5183.
25. Frydrychova R, Marec F. 2002. Repeated losses of TTAGG telomere repeats in evolution of beetles (Coleoptera). Genetica 115:179-187.
26. Pich U, Fuchs J, Schubert I. 1996. How do Alliaceae stabilize their chromosome ends in the absence of TTTAGGG sequences? Chromosome Res 4:207-213.
27. Sykorova E, Lim KY, Fajkus J, Leitch AR. 2003. The signature of the Cestrum genome suggests an evolutionary response to the loss of (TTTAGGG)n telomeres. Chromosoma 112:164-172.
28. Morin GB, Cech TR. 1988. Mitochondrial telomeres: surprising diversity of repeated telomeric DNA sequences among six species of Tetrahymena. Cell 52:367-374.
29. Nosek J, Dinouel N, Kovac L, Fukuhara H. 1995. Linear mitochondrial DNAs from yeasts: telomeres with large tandem repetitions. Mol Gen Genet 247:61-72.
30. Blackburn EH. 2000. Telomere states and cell fates. Nature 408:53-56.
31. Griffith JD, Comeau L, Rosenfield S, Stansel RM, Bianchi A, et al. 1999. Mammalian telomeres end in a large duplex loop. Cell 97:503-514.
32. Stansel RM, de Lange T, Griffith JD. 2001. T-loop assembly in vitro involves binding of TRF2 near the 3′ telomeric overhang. EMBO J 20:5532-5540.
33. Ye JZ, Donigian JR, van Overbeek M, Loayza D, Luo Y, et al. 2004. TIN2 binds TRF1 and TRF2 simultaneously and stabilizes the TRF2 complex on telomeres. J Biol Chem 279:47264-47271.
34. Ye JZ, Hockemeyer D, Krutchinsky AN, Loayza D, Hooper SM, et al. 2004. POT1-interacting protein PIP1: a telomere length regulator that recruits POT1 to the TIN2/TRF1 complex. Genes Dev 18:1649-1654.
35. Murti KG, Prescott DM. 1999. Telomeres of polytene chromosomes in a ciliated protozoan terminate in duplex DNA loops. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:14436-14439.
36. Munoz-Jordan JL, Cross GA, de Lange T, Griffith JD. 2001. t-loops at trypanosome telomeres. EMBO J 20:579-588.
37. Cesare AJ, Quinney N, Willcox S, Subramanian D, Griffith JD. 2003. Telomere looping in P. sativum (common garden pea). Plant J 36:271-279.
38. Tomaska L, Makhov AM, Griffith JD, Nosek J. 2002. t-loops in yeast mitochondria. Mitochondrion 1:455-459.
39. Nikitina T, Woodcock CL. 2004. Closed chromatin loops at the ends of chromosomes. J Cell Biol 166:161-165.
40. Tomaska L, Willcox S, Slezakova J, Nosek J, Griffith JD. 2004. Taz1 binding to a fission yeast model telomere: formation of telomeric loops and higher order structures. J Biol Chem 279:50764-50772.
41. Groff-Vindman C, Cesare AJ, Natarajan S, Griffith JD, McEachern MJ. 2005. Recombination at long mutant telomeres produces tiny single- and double-stranded telomeric circles. Mol Cell Biol 25:4406-4412.
42. Regev A, Cohen S, Cohen E, Bar-Am I, Lavi S. 1998. Telomeric repeats on small polydisperse circular DNA (spcDNA) and genomic instability. Oncogene 17:3455-3461.
43. Henson JD, Neumann AA, Yeager TR, Reddel RR. 2002. Alternative lengthening of telomeres in mammalian cells. Oncogene 21:598-610.
44. Bechter OE, Zou Y, Shay JW, Wright WE. 2003. Homologous recombination in human telomerase-positive and ALT cells occurs with the same frequency. EMBO Rep 4:1138-1143.
45. Brewer BJ, Fangman WL. 1988. A replication fork barrier at the 3′ end of yeast ribosomal RNA genes. Cell 55:637-643.
46. Kobayashi T, Horiuchi T. 1996. A yeast gene product, Fob1 protein, required for both replication fork blocking and recombinational hotspot activities. Genes Cells 1:465-474.
47. Gangloff S, Zou H, Rothstein R. 1996. Gene conversion plays the major role in controlling the stability of large tandem repeats in yeast. EMBO J 15:1715-1725.
48. Park PU, Defossez PA, Guarente L. 1999. Effects of mutations in DNA repair genes on formation of ribosomal DNA circles and life span in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol 19:3848-3856.
49. Eichinger L, Pachebat JA, Glockner G, Rajandream MA, Sucgang R, et al. 2005. The genome of the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum. Nature 435:43-57.
50. Tomaska L, Nosek J, Makhov AM, Pastorakova A, Griffith JD. 2000. Extragenomic double-stranded DNA circles in yeast with linear mitochondrial genomes: potential involvement in telomere maintenance. Nucleic Acids Res 28:4479-4487.
51. Rycovska A, Valach M, Tomaska L, Bolotin-Fukuhara M, Nosek J. 2004. Linear versus circular mitochondrial genomes: intraspecies variability of mitochondrial genome architecture in Candida parapsilosis. Microbiology 150:1571-1580.
52. Natarajan S, McEachern MJ. 2002. Recombinational telomere elongation promoted by DNA circles. Mol Cell Biol 22:4512-4521.
53. Topcu Z, Nickles K, Davis C, McEachern MJ. 2005. Abrupt disruption of capping and a single source for recombinationally elongated telomeres in Kluyveromyces lactis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:3348-3353.
54. Cesare AJ, Griffith JD. 2004. Telomeric DNA in ALT cells is characterized by free telomeric circles and heterogeneous t-loops. Mol Cell Biol 24:9948-9957.
55. Wang RC, Smogorzewska A, de Lange T. 2004. Homologous recombination generates T-loop-sized deletions at human telomeres. Cell 119:355-368.
56. Nosek J, Rycovska A, Makhov AM, Griffith JD, Tomaska L. 2005. Amplification of telomeric arrays via rolling-circle mechanism. J Biol Chem 280:10840-10845.
57. Lindstrom UM, Chandrasekaran RA, Orbai L, Helquist SA, Miller GP, et al. 2002. Artificial human telomeres from DNA nanocircle templates. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:15953-15958.
58. Maringele L, Lydall D. 2004. Telomerase- and recombination-independent immortalization of budding yeast. Genes Dev 18:2663-2675.
59. Cavalier-Smith T. 1974. Palindromic base sequences and replication of eukaryote chromosome ends. Nature 250:467-470.
60. Bateman AJ. 1975. Simplification of palindromic telomere theory. Nature 253:379-380.
61. Ishikawa F, Naito T. 1999. Why do we have linear chromosomes? A matter of Adam and Eve. Mutat Res 434:99-107.
62. Volff JN, Altenbuchner J. 2000. A new beginning with new ends: linearisation of circular chromosomes during bacterial evolution. FEMS Microbiol Lett 186:143-150.
63. Nosek J, Tomaska L. 2003. Mitochondrial genome diversity: evolution of the molecular architecture and replication strategy. Curr Genet 44:73-84.
64. Schardl CL, Pring DR, Lonsdale DM. 1985. Mitochondrial DNA rearrangements associated with fertile revenants of S-type male-sterile maize. Cell 43:361-368.
65. Sakurai R, Sasaki N, Takano H, Abe T, Kawano S. 2000. In vivo conformation of mitochondrial DNA revealed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis in the true slime mold, Physarum polycephalum. DNA Res 7:83-91.
66. Chen CW, Huang CH, Lee HH, Tsai HH, Kirby R. 2002. Once the circle has been broken: dynamics and evolution of Streptomyces chromosomes. Trends Genet 18:522-529.
67. Handa N, Kobayashi I. 2003. Accumulation of large non-circular forms of the chromosome in recombination-defective mutants of Escherichia coli. BMC Mol Biol 4:5.
68. Volff JN, Vieil P, Altenbuchner J. 1997. Artificial circularization of the chromosome with concomitant deletion of its terminal inverted repeats enhances genetic instability and genome rearrangement in Streptomyces lividans. Mol Gen Genet 253:753-760.
69. Lin YS, Chen CW. 1997. Instability of artificially circularized chromosomes of Streptomyces lividans. Mol Microbiol 26:709-719.
70. Fischer G, Decaris B, Leblond P. 1997. Occurrence of deletions, associated with genetic instability in Streptomyces ambofaciens, is independent of the linearity of the chromosomal DNA. J Bacteriol 179:4553-4558.
71. Nakamura TM, Cooper JP, Cech TR. 1998. Two modes of survival of fission yeast without telomerase. Science 282:493-496.
72. Naito T, Matsuura A, Ishikawa F. 1998. Circular chromosome formation in a fission yeast mutant defective in two ATM homologues. Nat Genet 20:203-206.
73. de Lange T. 1998. Ending up with the right partner. Nature 392:753-754.
74. Fukuhara H, Sor F, Drissi R, Dinouel N, Miyakawa I, et al. 1993. Linear mitochondrial DNAs of yeasts: frequency of occurrence and general features. Mol Cell Biol 13:2309-2314.
75. Eickbush TH. 1997. Telomerase and retrotransposons: which came first? Science 277:911-912.
76. Nakamura TM, Cech TR. 1998. Reversing time: origin of telomerase. Cell 92:587-590.
77. Fajkus J, Sykorova E, Leitch AR. 2005. Telomeres in evolution and evolution of telomeres. Chromosome Res 13:469-479.
78. Pryde FE, Gorham HC, Louis EJ. 1997. Chromosome ends: all the same under their caps. Curr Opin Genet Dev 7:822-828.
79. Dinouel N, Drissi R, Miyakawa I, Sor F, Rousset S, et al. 1993. Linear mitochondrial DNAs of yeasts: closed-loop structure of the termini and possible linear-circular conversion mechanisms. Mol Cell Biol 13:2315-2323.
80. Traktman P. 1996. Poxvirus DNA replication. In: De Pamphlis ML, editor. DNA Replication in Eukaryotic Cells. Cold Spring Harbor: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. 775-798 p.
81. Walther TC, Kennell JC. 1999. Linear mitochondrial plasmids of F. oxysporum are novel, telomere-like retroelements. Mol Cell 4:229-238.
82. Simpson EB, Ross SL, Marchetti SE, Kennell JC. 2004. Relaxed primer specificity associated with reverse transcriptases encoded by the pFOXC retroplasmids of Fusarium oxysporum. Eukaryot Cell 3:1589-1600.
83. Chang S, DePinho RA. 2002. Telomerase extracurricular activities. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:12520-12522.
84. Shay JW, Wright WE. 2005. Does telomerase moonlight? The Scientist February 25:18-19.
85. Cao Y, Li H, Deb S, Liu JP. 2002. TERT regulates cell survival independent of telomerase enzymatic activity. Oncogene 21:3130-3138.
86. Rudolph KL, Chang S, Millard M, Schreiber-Agus N, DePinho RA. 2000. Inhibition of experimental liver cirrhosis in mice by telomerase gene delivery. Science 287:1253-1258.
87. Santos JH, Meyer JN, Skorvaga M, Annab LA, Van Houten B. 2004. Mitochondrial hTERT exacerbates free-radical-mediated mtDNA damage. Aging Cell 3:399-411.
88. Stewart SA, Hahn WC, O'Connor BF, Banner EN, Lundberg AS, et al. 2002. Telomerase contributes to tumorigenesis by a telomere length-independent mechanism. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:12606-12611.
89. Perrem K, Colgin LM, Neumann AA, Yeager TR, Reddel RR. 2001. Coexistence of alternative lengthening of telomeres and telomerase in hTERT-transfected GM847 cells. Mol Cell Biol 21:3862-3875.
90. Ciudad T, Andaluz E, Steinberg-Neifach O, Lue NF, Gow NA, et al. 2004. Homologous recombination in Candida albicans: role of CaRad52p in DNA repair, integration of linear DNA fragments and telomere length. Mol Microbiol 53:1177-1194.
91. Maleszka R, Skelly PJ, Clark-Walker GD. 1991. Rolling circle replication of DNA in yeast mitochondria. EMBO J 10:3923-3929.
92. Kobryn K, Chaconas G. 2001. The circle is broken: telomere resolution in linear replicons. Curr Opin Microbiol 4:558-564.
93. Hinnebusch J, Tilly K. 1993. Linear plasmids and chromosomes in bacteria. Mol Microbiol 10:917-922.
94. Salas M. 1991. Protein-priming of DNA replication. Annu Rev Biochem 60:39-71.
95. Chang PC, Cohen SN. 1994. Bidirectional replication from an internal origin in a linear streptomyces plasmid. Science 265:952-954.
96. Griffiths AJ. 1995. Natural plasmids of filamentous fungi. Microbiol Rev 59:673-685.
97. Fukuhara H. 1995. Linear DNA plasmids of yeasts. FEMS Microbiol Lett 131:1-9.
98. Wang SS, Zakian VA. 1990. Telomere-telomere recombination provides an express pathway for telomere acquisition. Nature 345:456-458.
99. Reddel RR, Bryan TM, Murnane JP. 1997. Immortalized cells with no detectable telomerase activity. A review. Biochemistry (Moscow) 62:1254-1262.
100. Deneke J, Ziegelin G, Lurz R, Lanka E. 2000. The protelomerase of temperate Escherichia coli phage N15 has cleaving-joining activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:7721-7726.
101. Biessmann H, Walter MF, Mason JM. 1997. Drosophila telomere elongation. Ciba Found Symp 211:53-70.