Gene conversion plays the major role in controlling the stability of large tandem repeats in yeast

EMBO Journal

Volumn 15, Issue 7, 1996, Pages 1715-1725

  Gangloff, Serge ^a   Zou, Hui ^a   Rothstein, Rodney ^a  

^a Columbia University ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

Gene conversion; rDNA; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Topoisomerases

Indexed keywords

FUNGAL DNA; REPETITIVE DNA; RIBOSOME DNA;

ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; GENE CONVERSION; GENE DUPLICATION; GENETIC RECOMBINATION; GENETIC STABILITY; MOLECULAR STABILITY; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE; SISTER CHROMATID EXCHANGE; TANDEM REPEAT;

EUKARYOTA; SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE;

EID: 0029880961     PISSN: 02614189     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00517.x     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Adzuma, K., Ogawa, T. and Ogawa, H. (1984) Primary structure of the RAD52 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Cell. Biol., 4, 2735-2744.
2. Bailis, A.M. and Rothstein, R. (1990) A defect in mismatch repair in Saccharomyces cerevisiae stimulates ectopic recombination between homologous genes by an excision repair dependent process. Genetics, 126, 535-547.
3. Bendixen, C., Sunjevaric, I., Bauchwitz, R. and Rothstein, R. (1994) Identification of a mouse homologue of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae recombination and repair gene, RAD52. Genomics, 23, 300-303.
4. Bezzubova, O.Y., Schmidt, H., Ostermann, K., Heyer, W.D. and Buerstedde, J.M. (1993) Identification of a chicken RAD52 homologue suggests conservation of the RAD52 recombination pathway throughout the evolution of higher eukaryotes. Nucleic Acids Res., 21, 5945-5949.
5. Brill, S.J. and Sternglanz, R. (1988) Transcription-dependent DNA supercoiling in yeast DNA topoisomerase mutants. Cell, 54, 403-411.
6. Brill, S.J., DiNardo, S., Voelkel-Meiman, K. and Sternglanz, R. (1987) Need for DNA topoisomerase activity as a swivel for DNA replication for transcription of ribosomal RNA. Nature, 326, 414-416.
7. Caskey, C.T., Pizzuti, A., Fu, Y.H., Fenwick, R.G., Jr and Nelson, D.L. (1992) Triplet repeat mutations in human disease. Science, 256, 784-789.
8. Charlesworth, B., Sniegowski, P. and Stephan, W. (1994) The evolutionary dynamics of repetitive DNA in eukaryotes. Nature, 371, 215-220.
9. Christman, M.F., Dietrich, F.S. and Fink, G.R. (1988) Mitotic recombination in the rDNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is suppressed by the combined action of DNA topoisomerases I and II. Cell, 55, 413-425.
10. Edelman, G.M. and Gally, J.A. (1970) Arrangement and Evolution of Eukaryotic Genes. Rockefeller University Press, New York.
11. Fogel, S., Mortimer, R.K. and Lusnak, K. (1981) Mechanisms of Meiotic Gene Conversion, or 'Wanderings on a Foreign Strand'. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.
12. Fu, Y.H., Kuhl, D.P., Pizzuti, A., Pieretti, M., Sutcliffe, J.S., Richards, S., Verkerk, A.J., Holden, J.J., Fenwick, R. Jr, Warren, S.T. et al. (1991) Variation of the CGG repeat at the fragile X site results in genetic instability: resolution of the Sherman paradox. Cell, 67, 1047-1058
13. Fu, Y.H., Pizzuti, A., Fenwick, R. Jr, King, J., Rajnarayan, S., Dunne, P.W., Dubel, J., Nasser, G.A., Ashizawa, T., de Jong, P. et al. (1992) An unstable triplet repeat in a gene related to myotonic muscular dystrophy. Science, 255, 1256-1258.
14. Gangloff, S., McDonald, J.P., Bendixen, C., Arthur, L. and Rothstein, R. (1994a) The yeast type I topoisomerase Top3 interacts with Sgs1, a DNA helicase homolog: a potential eukaryotic reverse gyrase. Mol. Cell. Biol., 14, 8391-8398.
15. Gangloff, S., Lieber, M.R. and Rothstein, R. (1994b) Transcription, topoisomerases and recombination. Experientia, 50, 261-269.
16. Gerring, S.L., Connelly, C. and Hieter, P. (1991) Positional mapping of genes by chromosome blotting and chromosome fragmentation. In Guthrie, C. and Fink, G.R. (eds), Positional Mapping of Genes by Chromosome Blotting and Chromosome Fragmentation. Academic Press Inc, San Diego, CA, Vol. 194, pp. 57-77.
17. Harley, H.G., Brook, J.D., Rundle, S.A., Crow, S., Reardon, W., Buckler, A.J., Harper, P S., Housman, D.E. and Shaw, D.J. (1992) Expansion of an unstable DNA region and phenotypic variation in myotonic dystrophy. Nature, 355, 545-546.
18. Huntington's Disease Collaborative Research Group (1993) A novel gene containing a trinucleolide repeat that is expanded and unstable on Huntington's disease chromosomes. Cell, 72, 971-983.
19. Huxley, C., Green, E.D and Dunham, I. (1990) Rapid assessment of S.cerevisiae mating type by PCR. Trends Genet., 6, 236.
20. Jackson, J.A. and Fink, G.R. (1981) Gene conversion between duplicated genetic elements in yeast Nature, 292, 306-311.
21. Jinks-Robertson, S., Michelitch, M. and Ramcharan, S. (1993) Substrate length requirements for efficient mitotic recombination in Sacchammyces cerevisiae. Mol. Cell. Biol., 13, 3937-3950.
22. Johnson, S.P. and Warner, J.R. (1989) Unusual enhancer function in yeast rRNA transcription. Mol. Cell. Biol., 9, 4986-4993.
23. Kim, R.A. and Wang, J.C. (1989) Function of DNA topoisomerases as replication swivels in Sacchammyces cerevisiae. J. Mol. Biol., 208, 257-267.
24. Klar, A.J., Strathern, J.N. and Hicks, J.B. (1981) A position-effect control for gene transposition: state of expression of yeast mating-type genes affects their ability to switch. Cell, 25, 517-524.
25. Klein, H.L. (1984) Lack of association between intrachromosomal gene conversion and reciprocal exchange. Nature, 310, 748-753.
26. Klein, H.L. (1988) Different types of recombination events are controlled by the RAD1 and KAD52 genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics, 120, 367-377.
27. Klein, H.L. and Petes, T.D. (1981) Intrachromosomal gene conversion in yeast. Nature, 289, 144-148.
28. Kuhl, D P. and Caskey, C.T. (1993) Trinucleotide repeats and genome variation. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev., 3, 404-407.
29. Kulkens, T., van der Sande, C.A., Dekker, A.F., van-Heerikhuizen, H. and Planta, R.J. (1992) A system to study transcription by yeast RNA polymerase I within the chromosomal context: functional analysis of the ribosomal DNA enhancer and the RBP1/REB1 binding sites. EMBO J., 11, 4665-4674.
30. La Spada, A.R., Wilson, E.M., Lubahn, D.B., Harding, A.E. and Fischbeck, K.H. (1991) Androgen receptor gene mutations in X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy. Nature, 352, 77-79.
31. Larionov, V.L., Grishin, A.V. and Smirnov, M.N. (1980) 3 μm DNA - an extrachromosomal ribosomal DNA in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Gene, 12, 41-49.
32. Lehrman, M.A., Goldstein, J.L., Russell, D.W. and Brown, M.S. (1987) Duplication of seven exons in LDL receptor gene caused by Alu-Alu recombination in a subject with familial hypercholesterolemia. Cell, 48, 827-835.
33. Levin, N.A., Bjornsti, M.A. and Fink, G.R. (1993) A novel mutation in DNA topoisoraerase I of yeast causes DNA damage and RAD9-dependent cell cycle arrest. Genetics, 133, 799-814.
34. Liskay, R.M. and Stachelek, J.L. (1986) Information transfer between duplicated chromosomal sequences in mammalian cells involves contiguous regions of DNA. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 83, 1802-1806.
35. Malone, R. and Esposito, R.E (1980) The RAD52 gene is required for homothallic interconversion of mating types and spontaneous mitotic recombination in yeast. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 77, 503-507.
36. McCormack, W.T. and Thompson, C.B. (1990) Chicken IgL variable region gene conversions display pseudogene donor preference and 5′ to 3′ polarity. Genes Dev., 4, 548-558.
37. Muris, D.F., Bezzubova, O., Buerstedde, J.M., Vreeken, K., Balajee, A.S., Osgood, C.J., Troelstra, C., Hoeijmakers, J.H, Ostermann, K., Schmidt, H. et al. (1994) Cloning of human and mouse genes homologous to RAD52, a yeast gene involved in DNA repair and recombination. Mutat. Res., 315, 295-305.
38. Muscarella, D.E. and Vogt, V.M. (1993) A mobile group I intron from Physarum polycephalum can insert itself and induce point mutations in the nuclear ribosomal DNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell. Biol., 13, 1023-1033.
39. Nasmyth, K A., Tatchell, K., Hall, B.D., Astell, C. and Smith, M. (1981) Physical analysis of mating-type loci in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cold Spring Harbor Symp Quant. Biol., 45, 961-981.
40. Oberle, I., Rousseau, F., Heitz, D., Kretz, C., Devys, D ., Hanauer, A., Boue, J., Bertheas, M.F. and Mandel, J.L. (1991) Instability of a 550-base pair DNA segment and abnormal methylation in fragile X syndrome. Science, 252, 1097-1102.
41. Ostermann, K., Lorentz, A. and Schmidt, H. (1993) The fission yeast rad22 gene, having a function in mating-type switching and repair of DXA damages, encodes a protein homolog to Rad52 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nucleic Acids Res., 21, 5940-5944.
42. Ozenberger, B.A. and Roeder, G.S. (1991) A unique pathway of double-strand break repair operates in tandemly repeated genes. Mol. Cell. Biol., 11, 1222-1231.
43. Petes, T D. (1979) Yeast ribosomal DNA genes are located on chromosome XII. Proc. Natl Acad Sci. USA, 76, 410-414.
44. Petes, T.D. (1980) Unequal meiotic recombination within tandem arrays of yeast ribosomal DNA genes. Cell, 19, 765-774.
45. Petes, T.D., Malone, R.E. and Symington, L.S (1991) Recombination in Yeast. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY
46. Ray, A., Machin, N. and Stahl, F.W. (1989) A DNA double chain break stimulates triparental recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 86, 6225-6229
47. Resnick, M.A. (1969) Genetic control of radiation sensitivity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics, 62, 519-531.
48. Roberts, J.M. and Axel, R. (1982) Gene amplification and gene correction in somatic cells. Cell, 29, 109-119.
49. Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E.F. and Maniatis, T. (1989) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.
50. Schild, D., Calderon, J.L., Contopoulou, R. and Mortimer, R.K. (1983) Cloning of yeast recombination repair genes and evidence that several are non-essential genes. In Bridges, B.A. and Friedberg, E.C. (eds), Cloning of Yeast Recombination Repair Genes and Evidence that Several are Non-essential Genes A.R.Liss, New York, pp. 417-427.
51. Seifert, H.S., Chen, E.Y., So, M. and Heffron, F. (1986) Shuttle mutagenesis: a method of transposon mutagenesis for Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 83, 735-739.
52. Sherman, F., Fink, G.R. and Hicks, J.B. (1986) Methods in Yeast Genetics. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.
53. Szostak, J.W. and Wu, R. (1980) Unequal crossing over in the ribosomal DNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nature, 284, 426-430.
54. Szostak, J.W., Orr-Weaver, T.L., Rothstein, R.J. and Stahl, F.W. (1983) The double-strand-break repair model for recombination. Cell, 33, 25-35.
55. Thomas, B.J. and Rothstein, R. (1989) Elevated recombination rates in transcriptionally active DNA. Cell, 56, 619-630.
56. Wallis, J.W., Chrebet, G., Brodsky, G., Rolfe, M. and Rothstein, R. (1989) A hyper-recombination mutation in S.cerevisiae identifies a novel eukaryotic topoisomerase. Cell, 58, 409-419.
57. Wang, J.C. (1991) DNA topoisomerases: why so many? J. Biol. Chem., 266, 6659-6662.
58. Warburton, P.E., Waye, J.S. and Willard, H.F. (1993) Nonrandom localization of recombination events in human alpha satellite repeat unit variants: implications for higher-order structural characteristics within centromeric heterochromatin. Mol. Cell. Biol., 13, 6520-6529.
59. Weinert, T.A. and Hartwell, L H. (1993) Cell cycle arrest of cdc mutants and specificity of the RAD9 checkpoint. Genetics, 134, 63-80.
60. Welch, J.W., Maloney, D.H. and Fogel, S. (1990) Unequal crossing-over and gene conversion at the amplified CUP1 locus of yeast. Mol. Gen. Genet., 222, 304-310.
61. Willis, K.K. and Klein, H.L. (1987) Intrachromosomal recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: reciprocal exchange in an inverted repeat and associated gene conversion. Genetics, 117, 633-643.
62. Zamb, T.J. and Petes, T.D. (1981) Unequal sister-strand recombination within yeast ribosomal DNA does not require the RAD52 gene product. Curr. Genet., 3, 125-132.