Long-term highly active antiretroviral therapy in chronic HIV-1 infection: Evidence for reconstitution of antiviral immunity

Antiviral Therapy

Volumn 11, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 105-116

  Jansen, Christine A ^a,b   Piriou, Erwan ^a   De Cuyper, Iris M ^a   Van Dort, Karel ^a   Lange, Joep M A ^a   Miedema, Frank ^a,b   Van Baarle, Debbie ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

^b UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER UTRECHT   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; CD4 ANTIGEN; CD8 ANTIGEN; CYTOKINE; GAMMA INTERFERON; INTERLEUKIN 2; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGEN CLASS 1; PROTEINASE INHIBITOR; RNA DIRECTED DNA POLYMERASE INHIBITOR;

ARTICLE; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; EPSTEIN BARR VIRUS; FLOW CYTOMETRY; FLUORESCENCE; FOLLOW UP; HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNE SYSTEM; IMMUNITY; LONG TERM CARE; LYMPHOCYTE PROLIFERATION; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; T LYMPHOCYTE; VIRUS LOAD;

ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY, HIGHLY ACTIVE; CD4-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES; CD8-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES; CHRONIC DISEASE; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN; HIV INFECTIONS; HIV-1; HUMANS; LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION; MALE; TIME FACTORS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 33644502235     PISSN: 13596535     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Mocroft A, Vella S, Benfield TL, et al. Changing patterns of mortality across Europe in patients infected with HIV-1. EuroSIDA Study Group. Lancet 1998; 352:1725-1730.
2. Palella FJ Jr, Delaney KM, Moorman AC, et al. Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. HIV Outpatient Study Investigators. N Engl J Med 1998; 338:853-860.
3. Mocroft A, Katlama C, Johnson AM, et al. AIDS across Europe, 1994-98: the EuroSIDA study. Lancet 2000; 356:291-296.
4. Danner SA, Carr A, Leonard JM, et al. A short-term study of the safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of Ritonavir, an inhibitor of HIV-1 protease. N Engl J Med 1995; 333:1528-1533.
5. Collier AC, Coombs RW, Schoenfeld DA, et al. Treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection with saquinavir, zidovudine, and zalcitabine. AIDS Clinical Trials Group. N Engl J Med 1996; 334:1011-1017.
6. Notermans DW, Jurriaans S, Wolf F de, et al. Decrease of HIV-1 RNA levels in lymphoid tissue and peripheral blood during treatment with ritonavir, lamivudine and zidovudine. AIDS 1998; 12:167-173.
7. Pakker NG, Notermans DW, De Boer RJ, et al. Biphasic kinetics of peripheral blood T cells after triple combination therapy in HIV-1 infection: A composite of redistribution and proliferation. Nat Med 1998; 4:208-214.
8. + T cell homeostasis and function in advanced HIV disease. Science 1997; 277:112-116.
9. + T cells in HIV-1-infected patients. AIDS 1996; 10:827-834.
10. + T cells is a marker of poor prognosis in HIV infection: results of 6 years of follow-up. Cytometry 1996; 26:1-7.
11. Giorgi JV, Hultin LE, McKeating JA, et al. Shorter survival in advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 infection is more closely associated with T lymphocyte activation than with plasma virus burden or virus chemokine coreceptor usage. J Infect Dis 1999; 179:859-870.
12. Dalod M, Harzic M, Pellegrin I, et al. Evolution of cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in patients with symptomatic primary infection receiving antiretroviral triple therapy. J Infect Dis 1998; 178:61-69.
13. Ogg GS, Jin X, Bonhoeffer S, et al. Quantitation of HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and plasma load of viral RNA. Science 1998; 279:2103-2106.
14. + T cells in individuals receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). J Immunol 1999; 162:1780-1788.
15. Kalams SA, Buchbinder SP, Rosenberg ES, et al. Association between virus-specific cytotoxic T-ymphocyte and helper responses in Human Immunodeficiency Virus type-1 infection. J Virol 1999; 73:6715-6720.
16. Ogg GS, Kostense S, Klein MR, et al. Longitudinal phenotypic analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes: correlation with disease progression. J Virol 1999; 73:9153-9160.
17. Kostense S, Otto SA, Knol GJ, et al. Functional restoration of human immunodeficiency virus and Epstein-Barr virus-specific CD8(+) T cells during highly active antiretroviral therapy is associated with an increase in CD4(+) T cells. Eur J Immunol 2002; 32:1080-1089.
18. Rosenberg ES, Altfeld M, Poon SH, et al. Immune control of HIV-1 after early treatment of acute infection. Nature 2000; 407:523-526.
19. Daniel N, Charmeteau B, Grabar S, et al. Use of well-defined HIV-derived epitopes to evaluate CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses in patients with chronic HIV-1 infection treated with HAART. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2004; 20:827-835.
20. Lange CG, Xu Z, Patterson BK, et al. Proliferation responses to HIVp24 during antiretroviral therapy do not reflect improved immune phenotype or function. AIDS 2004; 18:605-613.
21. Pontesilli O, Kerkhof-Garde SR, Notermans DW, et al. Functional T cell reconstitution and HIV-1-specific cell-mediated immunity during highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). J Infect Dis 1999; 180:76-86.
22. Rinaldo CR Jr., Liebmann JM, Huang XL, et al. Prolonged suppression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) viremia in persons with advanced disease results in enhancement of CD4 T cell reactivity to microbial antigens but not to HIV-1 antigens. J Infect Dis 1999; 179:329-336.
23. McNeil AC, Shupert WL, Iyasere CA, et al. High-level HIV-1 viremia suppresses viral antigen-specific CD4(+) T cell proliferation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:13878-13883.
24. Blankson JN, Gallant JE, Siliciano RF. Proliferative responses to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) antigens in HIV-1-infected patients with immune reconstitution. J Infect Dis 2001; 183:657-661.
25. Palmer BE, Boritz E, Blyveis N, Wilson CC. Discordance between frequency of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific gamma interferon-producing CD4(+) T cells and HIV-1-specific lymphoproliferation in HIV-1-infected subjects with active viral replication. J Virol 2002; 76:5925-5936.
26. + T cells is associated with diminished interleukin-2 (IL-2) production and is recovered by exogenous IL-2. J Virol 2003; 77:10900-10909.
27. Gamberg J, Barrett L, Bowmer I, Howley C, Grant M. Immune reconstitution and viral stimulation are required to restore HIV-specific CD8 T cell responses following advanced infection. J Clin Immunol 2004; 24:115-124.
28. Malhotra U, Bosch RJ, Chan E, et al. Association of T cell proliferative responses and phenotype with virus control in chronic progressive HIV-1 disease. J Infect Dis 2004; 189:515-519.
29. Harari A, Petitpierre S, Vallelian F, Pantaleo G. Skewed representation of functionally distinct populations of virus-specific CD4 T cells in HIV-1-infected subjects with progressive disease: changes after antiretroviral therapy. Blood 2004; 103:966-972.
30. Palmer BE, Boritz E, Wilson C. Effect of sustained HIV-1 Plasma Viremia on HIV-1 Gag-Specific CD4+ T cell maturation and function. J Immunol 2004; 172:3337-3347.
31. Yue FY, Kovacs CM, Dimayuga RC, Parks P, Ostrowski MA. HIV-1-specific memory CD4(+) T cells are phenotypically less mature than cytomegalovirus- specific memory CD4(+) T cells. J Immunol 2004; 172:2476-2486.
32. Kaufmann GR, Perrin L, Pantaleo G, et al. CD4 T-lymphocyte recovery in individuals with advanced HIV-1 infection receiving potent antiretroviral therapy for 4 years: the Swiss HIV Cohort Study. Arch Intern Med 2003; 163:2187-2195.
33. Altman JD, Moss PAH, Goulder PJR, et al. Phenotypic analysis of antigen-specific T lymphocytes. Science 1996; 274:94-96.
34. Kostense S, Vandenberghe K, Joling J, et al. Persistent numbers of tetramer+ CD8(+) T cells, but loss of interferon-gamma+ HIV-specific T cells during progression to AIDS. Blood 2002; 99:2505-2511.
35. Goulder PJR, Reid SW, Price DA, et al. Combined structural and immunological refinement of HIV-1 HLA-B8-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes. Eur J Immunol 1997; 27:1515-1521.
36. Goulder PJR, Bunce M, Krausa P, et al. Novel, Cross-restricted, conserved, and immunodominant cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes in slow progressors in HIV type-1 infection. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1996; 12:1691-1698.
37. Brander C, Hartman KE, Trocha AK, et al. Lack of strong immune selection pressure by the immunodominant, HLA A2*0201-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte response in chronic human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection. J Clin Invest 1998; 101:2559-2566.
38. Bodegain C, Wolf H, Modrow S, Stuber G, Jilg W. Specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes recognize the immediate-early transactivator ZTA of Epstein-Barr virus. J Virol 1995; 69:4872-4879.
39. Steven NM, Annels NE, Kumar A, Leese AM, Kurilla MG, Rickinson AB. Immediate early and early lytic cycle proteins are frequent targets for the Epstein-Barr virus-induced cytotoxic T cell response. J Exp Med 1997; 185:1605-1617.
40. Wills MR, Carmichael AJ, Mynard K, Jin X, Weekes MP, Plachter B. The human cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response to cytomegalovirus is dominated by structural protein pp65: frequency, specificity, and T-cell receptor usage of pp65-specific CTL. J Virol 1996; 70:7569-7579.
41. + T cell response in untreated HIV-infected subject. Eur J Immunol 2005; 35:796-805.
42. Day CL, Lauer GM, Robbins GK, et al. Broad specificity of virus-specific CD4+ T-helper-cell responses in resolved hepatitis C virus infection. J Virol 2002; 76:12584-12595.
43. Reece WH, Pinder M, Gothard PK, et al. A CD4(+) T-cell immune response to a conserved epitope in the circumsporozoite protein correlates with protection from natural Plasmodium falciparum infection and disease. Nat Med 2004; 10:406-110.
44. + T cells are detectable in most individuals with active HIV-1 infection, but decline with prolonged viral suppression. Nat Med 1999; 5:518-525.
45. + T cells endowed with proliferative capacity. J Exp Med 2003; 198:1909-1922.
46. Lanzavecchia A, Sallusto F. Progressive differentiation and selection of the fittest in the immune response. Nat Rev Immunol 2002; 2:982-987.
47. Deayton J, Mocroft A, Wilson P, Emery VC, Johnson MA, Griffiths PD. Loss of cytomegalovirus (CMV) viraemia following highly active antiretroviral therapy in the absence of specific anti-CMV therapy. AIDS 1999; 13:1203-1206.
48. O'Sullivan CE, Drew WL, McMullen DJ et al. Decrease of cytomegalovirus replication in human immunodeficiency virus infected-patients after treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Infect Dis 1999; 180:847-849.