메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 20, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 303-318

Mechanisms of ammonia-induced astrocyte swelling

Author keywords

Ammonia; Aquaporin 4; Cell swelling; Glutamine; Glutathione; Lactate; Mitochondrial permeability transition; Neurosteroids; Oxidative stress; Peripheral benzodiazepine receptor

Indexed keywords

6 DIAZO 5 OXONORLEUCINE; ACETYLCYSTEINE; ALPHA TOCOPHEROL; AMMONIA; ANTIOXIDANT; ATRIOPEPTIN III; BENZOIC ACID; BUTHIONINE SULFOXIMINE; CATALASE; CYCLOSPORIN A; GLUTAMINE; INDOMETACIN; MANNITOL; METHIONINE SULFOXIMINE; N SEC BUTYL 1 (2 CHLOROPHENYL) N METHYL 3 ISOQUINOLINECARBOXAMIDE; N TERT BUTYL ALPHA PHENYLNITRONE; N(G) NITROARGININE; N(G) NITROARGININE METHYL ESTER; SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE;

EID: 29744441816     PISSN: 08857490     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11011-005-7911-7     Document Type: Conference Paper
Times cited : (152)

References (162)
  • 1
    • 0032752658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential role of cerebral glutathione in the maintenance of blood-brain barrier integrity in rat
    • Agarwal, R., and Shukla, G.S. (1999). Potential role of cerebral glutathione in the maintenance of blood-brain barrier integrity in rat. Neurochem. Res. 24:1507-1514.
    • (1999) Neurochem. Res. , vol.24 , pp. 1507-1514
    • Agarwal, R.1    Shukla, G.S.2
  • 2
    • 0022574416 scopus 로고
    • The peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor: Localization to the mitochondrial outer membrane
    • Anholt, R.R.H., Pedersen, P.L., DeSouza, E.B., and Snyder, S.H. (1986). The peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor: Localization to the mitochondrial outer membrane. J. Biol. Chem. 261:576-583.
    • (1986) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.261 , pp. 576-583
    • Anholt, R.R.H.1    Pedersen, P.L.2    DeSouza, E.B.3    Snyder, S.H.4
  • 5
    • 0342378119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • N-acetylcysteine protects against age-related increase in oxidized proteins in mouse synaptic mitochondria
    • Banaclocha, M.M., Hernández, A.I., Martínez, N., and Ferrándiz, M.L. (1997). N-acetylcysteine protects against age-related increase in oxidized proteins in mouse synaptic mitochondria. Brain Res. 762:256-258.
    • (1997) Brain Res. , vol.762 , pp. 256-258
    • Banaclocha, M.M.1    Hernández, A.I.2    Martínez, N.3    Ferrándiz, M.L.4
  • 6
    • 0024364138 scopus 로고
    • Observation of cerebral metabolites in an animal model of acute liver failure in vivo: A 1H and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance study
    • Bates, T.E., Williams, S.R., Kauppinen, R.A., and Gadian, D.G. (1989). Observation of cerebral metabolites in an animal model of acute liver failure in vivo: A 1H and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance study. J. Neurochem. 53:102-110.
    • (1989) J. Neurochem. , vol.53 , pp. 102-110
    • Bates, T.E.1    Williams, S.R.2    Kauppinen, R.A.3    Gadian, D.G.4
  • 8
    • 0022270621 scopus 로고
    • Binding of (3H) RO5-4864 in primary cultures of astrocytes
    • Bender, A.S., and Hertz, L. (1985). Binding of (3H) RO5-4864 in primary cultures of astrocytes. Brain Res. 341:41-49.
    • (1985) Brain Res. , vol.341 , pp. 41-49
    • Bender, A.S.1    Hertz, L.2
  • 9
    • 0023521794 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of [3H]diazepam binding in primary cultures of astrocytes by atrial natriuretic peptide and by a cyclic GMP analog
    • Bender, A.S., and Hertz, L. (1987). Inhibition of [3H]diazepam binding in primary cultures of astrocytes by atrial natriuretic peptide and by a cyclic GMP analog. Brain Res. 436:189-192.
    • (1987) Brain Res. , vol.436 , pp. 189-192
    • Bender, A.S.1    Hertz, L.2
  • 10
    • 0032401018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of benzodiazepines and neurosteroids on ammonia-induced swelling in cultured astrocytes
    • Bender, A.S., and Norenberg, M.D. (1998). Effect of benzodiazepines and neurosteroids on ammonia-induced swelling in cultured astrocytes. J. Neurosci. Res. 54:673-680.
    • (1998) J. Neurosci. Res. , vol.54 , pp. 673-680
    • Bender, A.S.1    Norenberg, M.D.2
  • 11
    • 0018140012 scopus 로고
    • Effects of ammonium ions on spontaneous action potentials and on contents of sodium, potassium, ammonium and chloride ions in brain in vitro
    • Benjamin, A.M., Okamoto, K., and Quastel, J.H. (1978). Effects of ammonium ions on spontaneous action potentials and on contents of sodium, potassium, ammonium and chloride ions in brain in vitro. J. Neurochem. 30:131-143.
    • (1978) J. Neurochem. , vol.30 , pp. 131-143
    • Benjamin, A.M.1    Okamoto, K.2    Quastel, J.H.3
  • 12
    • 0016746875 scopus 로고
    • Metabolism of amino acids and ammonia in rat brain cortex slices in vitro. A possible role of ammonia in brain function
    • Benjamin, A.M., and Quastel, J.H. (1975). Metabolism of amino acids and ammonia in rat brain cortex slices in vitro. A possible role of ammonia in brain function. J. Neurochem. 25:197-206.
    • (1975) J. Neurochem. , vol.25 , pp. 197-206
    • Benjamin, A.M.1    Quastel, J.H.2
  • 15
    • 0026096553 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral edema and intracranial hypertension in acute liver failure: Distinct aspects of the same problem
    • Blei, A.T. (1991). Cerebral edema and intracranial hypertension in acute liver failure: Distinct aspects of the same problem. Hepatology 13:376-379.
    • (1991) Hepatology , vol.13 , pp. 376-379
    • Blei, A.T.1
  • 16
    • 0032828311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology of cerebral edema in fulminant hepatic failure
    • Blei, A.T., and Larsen, F.S. (1999). Pathophysiology of cerebral edema in fulminant hepatic failure. J. Hepatol. 31:771-776.
    • (1999) J. Hepatol. , vol.31 , pp. 771-776
    • Blei, A.T.1    Larsen, F.S.2
  • 17
    • 84989509425 scopus 로고
    • Ammonia-induced brain edema and intracranial hypertension in rats after portacaval anastomosis
    • Blei, A.T., Olafsson, S., Therrien, G., and Butterworth, R.F. (1994). Ammonia-induced brain edema and intracranial hypertension in rats after portacaval anastomosis. Hepatology 19:1437-1444.
    • (1994) Hepatology , vol.19 , pp. 1437-1444
    • Blei, A.T.1    Olafsson, S.2    Therrien, G.3    Butterworth, R.F.4
  • 18
    • 0031595057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy reveals osmotic and metabolic disturbances in human hepatic encephalopathy
    • 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy reveals osmotic and metabolic disturbances in human hepatic encephalopathy. J. Neurochem. 71:1564-1576.
    • (1998) J. Neurochem. , vol.71 , pp. 1564-1576
    • Bluml, S.1    Zuckerman, E.2    Tan, J.3    Ross, B.D.4
  • 19
    • 0025118258 scopus 로고
    • Changes in brain metabolism during hyperammonemia and acute liver failure: Results of a comparative 1H-NMR spectroscopy and biochemical investigation
    • Bosman, D.K., Deutz, N.E., de Graaf, A.A., van Eijk, H.M., Bovee, W.M., Maas, M.A., Jorning, G.G., and Chamuleau, R.A. (1990). Changes in brain metabolism during hyperammonemia and acute liver failure: Results of a comparative 1H-NMR spectroscopy and biochemical investigation. Hepatology 12:281-290.
    • (1990) Hepatology , vol.12 , pp. 281-290
    • Bosman, D.K.1    Deutz, N.E.2    De Graaf, A.A.3    Van Eijk, H.M.4    Bovee, W.M.5    Maas, M.A.6    Jorning, G.G.7    Chamuleau, R.A.8
  • 22
    • 0033956444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The astrocytic ("peripheral-type") benzodiazepine receptor: Role in the pathogenesis of portal-systemic encephalopathy
    • Butterworth, R.F. (2000). The astrocytic ("peripheral-type") benzodiazepine receptor: Role in the pathogenesis of portal-systemic encephalopathy. Neurochem. Int. 36:411-416.
    • (2000) Neurochem. Int. , vol.36 , pp. 411-416
    • Butterworth, R.F.1
  • 23
    • 0025731758 scopus 로고
    • Fulminant hepatic failure: Clinical features, etiology, epidemiology, and current management
    • Capocaccia, L., and Angelico, M. (1991). Fulminant hepatic failure: Clinical features, etiology, epidemiology, and current management. Dig. Dis. Sci. 36:775-779.
    • (1991) Dig. Dis. Sci. , vol.36 , pp. 775-779
    • Capocaccia, L.1    Angelico, M.2
  • 26
    • 0020067944 scopus 로고
    • Phospholipid degradation and cellular edema induced by free radicals in brain cortical slices
    • Chan, P.H., Yurko, M., and Fishman, R.A. (1982). Phospholipid degradation and cellular edema induced by free radicals in brain cortical slices. J. Neurochem. 38:525-531.
    • (1982) J. Neurochem. , vol.38 , pp. 525-531
    • Chan, P.H.1    Yurko, M.2    Fishman, R.A.3
  • 27
    • 0030068348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Depletion of glutathione from brain cells in hyponatremia
    • Clark, E.C., Thomas, D., Baer, J., and Sterns, R.H. (1996). Depletion of glutathione from brain cells in hyponatremia. Kidney Int. 49:470-476.
    • (1996) Kidney Int. , vol.49 , pp. 470-476
    • Clark, E.C.1    Thomas, D.2    Baer, J.3    Sterns, R.H.4
  • 28
    • 0030663990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indomethacin normalizes intracranial pressure in acute liver failure: A twenty-three-year-old woman treated with indomethacin
    • Clemmesen, J.O., Hansen, B.A., and Larsen, F.S. (1997). Indomethacin normalizes intracranial pressure in acute liver failure: A twenty-three-year-old woman treated with indomethacin. Hepatology 26:1423-1425.
    • (1997) Hepatology , vol.26 , pp. 1423-1425
    • Clemmesen, J.O.1    Hansen, B.A.2    Larsen, F.S.3
  • 29
    • 0033055873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral herniation in acute liver failure is correlated with arterial ammonia concentration
    • Clemmesen, J.O., Larsen, F.S., Kondrup, J., Hansen, B.A., and Ott, P. (1999). Cerebral herniation in acute liver failure is correlated with arterial ammonia concentration. Hepatology 29:648-653.
    • (1999) Hepatology , vol.29 , pp. 648-653
    • Clemmesen, J.O.1    Larsen, F.S.2    Kondrup, J.3    Hansen, B.A.4    Ott, P.5
  • 30
    • 0015288530 scopus 로고
    • Experimental ammonia encephalopathy in the primate
    • Cole, M., Rutherford, R.B., and Smith, F.O. (1972). Experimental ammonia encephalopathy in the primate. Arch. Neurol. 26:130-136.
    • (1972) Arch. Neurol. , vol.26 , pp. 130-136
    • Cole, M.1    Rutherford, R.B.2    Smith, F.O.3
  • 31
    • 0035181229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of glutamine in cerebral nitrogen metabolism and ammonia neurotoxicity
    • Cooper, A.J.L. (2001). Role of glutamine in cerebral nitrogen metabolism and ammonia neurotoxicity. Ment. Retard. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev. 7:280-286.
    • (2001) Ment. Retard. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev. , vol.7 , pp. 280-286
    • Cooper, A.J.L.1
  • 32
    • 0030460773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain edema and hepatic encephalopathy
    • Córdoba, J., and Blei, A.T. (1996). Brain edema and hepatic encephalopathy. Semin. Liver Dis. 16:271-280.
    • (1996) Semin. Liver Dis. , vol.16 , pp. 271-280
    • Córdoba, J.1    Blei, A.T.2
  • 33
    • 0032970942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mild hypothermia modifies ammonia-induced brain edema in rats after portacaval anastomosis
    • Córdoba, J., Crespin, J., Gottstein, J., and Blei, A.T. (1999). Mild hypothermia modifies ammonia-induced brain edema in rats after portacaval anastomosis. Gastroenterology 116:686-693.
    • (1999) Gastroenterology , vol.116 , pp. 686-693
    • Córdoba, J.1    Crespin, J.2    Gottstein, J.3    Blei, A.T.4
  • 34
    • 0029827933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamine, myo-inositol, and organic brain osmolytes after portacaval anastomosis in the rat: Implications for ammonia-induced brain edema
    • Córdoba, J., Gottstein, J., and Blei, A.T. (1996). Glutamine, myo-inositol, and organic brain osmolytes after portacaval anastomosis in the rat: Implications for ammonia-induced brain edema. Hepatology 24: 919-923.
    • (1996) Hepatology , vol.24 , pp. 919-923
    • Córdoba, J.1    Gottstein, J.2    Blei, A.T.3
  • 35
    • 0032190949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic hyponatremia exacerbates ammonia-induced brain edema in rats after portacaval anastomosis
    • Córdoba, J., Gottstein, J., and Blei, A.T. (1998) Chronic hyponatremia exacerbates ammonia-induced brain edema in rats after portacaval anastomosis. J. Hepatol. 29:589-594.
    • (1998) J. Hepatol. , vol.29 , pp. 589-594
    • Córdoba, J.1    Gottstein, J.2    Blei, A.T.3
  • 36
    • 0032401567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclophilin-D binds strongly to complexes of the voltage-dependent anion channel and the adenine nucleotide translocase to form the permeability transition pore
    • Crompton, M., Virji, S., and Ward, J.M. (1998). Cyclophilin-D binds strongly to complexes of the voltage-dependent anion channel and the adenine nucleotide translocase to form the permeability transition pore. Eur. J. Biochem. 258:729-735.
    • (1998) Eur. J. Biochem. , vol.258 , pp. 729-735
    • Crompton, M.1    Virji, S.2    Ward, J.M.3
  • 37
    • 0026668151 scopus 로고
    • Glutamate metabolism in rat cortical astrocyte cultures
    • Farinelli, S.E., and Nicklas, W.J. (1992). Glutamate metabolism in rat cortical astrocyte cultures. J. Neurochem. 58:1905-1915.
    • (1992) J. Neurochem. , vol.58 , pp. 1905-1915
    • Farinelli, S.E.1    Nicklas, W.J.2
  • 38
    • 0028000627 scopus 로고
    • The brain microvessels: Factors altering their patency after the occlusion of a middle cerebral artery (Wistar rat)
    • Garcia, J.H., Liu, K.F., Yoshida, Y., Chen, S., and Lian, J. (1994). The brain microvessels: Factors altering their patency after the occlusion of a middle cerebral artery (Wistar rat). Am. J. Pathol. 145:1-13.
    • (1994) Am. J. Pathol. , vol.145 , pp. 1-13
    • Garcia, J.H.1    Liu, K.F.2    Yoshida, Y.3    Chen, S.4    Lian, J.5
  • 39
    • 0024156981 scopus 로고
    • Study of the hypothermia induced by methionine sulfoximine in the rat
    • Ginefri-Gayet, M., and Gayet, J. (1988). Study of the hypothermia induced by methionine sulfoximine in the rat. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 31:797-802.
    • (1988) Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. , vol.31 , pp. 797-802
    • Ginefri-Gayet, M.1    Gayet, J.2
  • 40
    • 0029130550 scopus 로고
    • Glutamate release and free radical production following brain injury: Effects of posttraumatic hypothermia
    • Globus, M.Y.T., Alonso, O., Dietrich, W.D., Busto, R., and Ginsberg, M. (1995). Glutamate release and free radical production following brain injury: Effects of posttraumatic hypothermia. J. Neurochem. 65:1704-1711.
    • (1995) J. Neurochem. , vol.65 , pp. 1704-1711
    • Globus, M.Y.T.1    Alonso, O.2    Dietrich, W.D.3    Busto, R.4    Ginsberg, M.5
  • 41
    • 0025292743 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms by which mitochondria transport calcium
    • Gunter, T.E., and Pfeiffer, D.R. (1990). Mechanisms by which mitochondria transport calcium. Am. J. Physiol. 258:C755-C786.
    • (1990) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.258
    • Gunter, T.E.1    Pfeiffer, D.R.2
  • 42
    • 0031431084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of ammonium chloride on energy metabolism of astrocytes and C6-glioma cells in vitro
    • Haghighat, N., and McCandless, D.W. (1997). Effect of ammonium chloride on energy metabolism of astrocytes and C6-glioma cells in vitro. Metab. Brain Dis. 12:287-298.
    • (1997) Metab. Brain Dis. , vol.12 , pp. 287-298
    • Haghighat, N.1    McCandless, D.W.2
  • 43
    • 0031013623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress, thiol reagents, and membrane potential modulate the mitochondrial permeability transition by affecting nucleotide binding to the adenine nucleotide translocase
    • Halestrap, A.P., Woodfield, K.Y., and Connern, C.P. (1997). Oxidative stress, thiol reagents, and membrane potential modulate the mitochondrial permeability transition by affecting nucleotide binding to the adenine nucleotide translocase. J. Biol. Chem. 272:3346-3354.
    • (1997) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.272 , pp. 3346-3354
    • Halestrap, A.P.1    Woodfield, K.Y.2    Connern, C.P.3
  • 44
    • 0025164356 scopus 로고
    • Hydroxyl radical scavenging and antipsoriatic activity of benzoic acid derivatives
    • Haseloff, R.F., Blasig, I.E., Meffert, H., and Ebert, B. (1990). Hydroxyl radical scavenging and antipsoriatic activity of benzoic acid derivatives. Free Rad. Biol. Med. 9:111-115.
    • (1990) Free Rad. Biol. Med. , vol.9 , pp. 111-115
    • Haseloff, R.F.1    Blasig, I.E.2    Meffert, H.3    Ebert, B.4
  • 45
    • 0030048284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of cellular hydration in the regulation of cell function
    • Häussinger, D. (1996). The role of cellular hydration in the regulation of cell function. Biochem. J. 313:697-710.
    • (1996) Biochem. J. , vol.313 , pp. 697-710
    • Häussinger, D.1
  • 46
    • 0343238857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatic encephalopathy in chronic liver disease: A clinical manifestation of astrocyte swelling and low-grade cerebral edema
    • Häussinger, D., Kircheis, G., Fischer, R., Schliess, F., and Vom Dahl, S. (2000). Hepatic encephalopathy in chronic liver disease: A clinical manifestation of astrocyte swelling and low-grade cerebral edema. J. Hepatol. 32:1035-1038.
    • (2000) J. Hepatol. , vol.32 , pp. 1035-1038
    • Häussinger, D.1    Kircheis, G.2    Fischer, R.3    Schliess, F.4    Vom Dahl, S.5
  • 47
    • 0025186289 scopus 로고
    • Control of hepatic nitrogen metabolism and glutathione release by cell volume regulatory mechanisms
    • Häussinger, D., Lang, F., Bauers, K., and Gerok, W. (1990). Control of hepatic nitrogen metabolism and glutathione release by cell volume regulatory mechanisms. Eur. J. Biochem. 193:891-898.
    • (1990) Eur. J. Biochem. , vol.193 , pp. 891-898
    • Häussinger, D.1    Lang, F.2    Bauers, K.3    Gerok, W.4
  • 48
    • 0032694105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatic encephalopathy: An update of pathophysiologic mechanisms
    • Hazell, A.S., and Butterworth, R.F. (1999). Hepatic encephalopathy: An update of pathophysiologic mechanisms. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 222:99-112.
    • (1999) Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. , vol.222 , pp. 99-112
    • Hazell, A.S.1    Butterworth, R.F.2
  • 49
    • 0031976604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ammonia and manganese increase arginine uptake in cultured astrocytes
    • Hazell, A.S., and Norenberg, M.D. (1998). Ammonia and manganese increase arginine uptake in cultured astrocytes. Neurochem. Res. 23:869-873.
    • (1998) Neurochem. Res. , vol.23 , pp. 869-873
    • Hazell, A.S.1    Norenberg, M.D.2
  • 50
    • 0029116626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Membrane mechanisms and intracellular signaling in cell volume regulation
    • Hoffmann, E.K., and Dunham, P.B. (1996). Membrane mechanisms and intracellular signaling in cell volume regulation. Int. Rev. Cytol. 161:173-262.
    • (1996) Int. Rev. Cytol. , vol.161 , pp. 173-262
    • Hoffmann, E.K.1    Dunham, P.B.2
  • 53
    • 0015071855 scopus 로고
    • Cerebrospinal fluid glutamine as a measure of hepatic encephalopathy
    • Hourani, B.T., Hamlin, E.M., and Reynolds, T.B. (1971). Cerebrospinal fluid glutamine as a measure of hepatic encephalopathy. Arch. Intern. Med. 127:1033-1036.
    • (1971) Arch. Intern. Med. , vol.127 , pp. 1033-1036
    • Hourani, B.T.1    Hamlin, E.M.2    Reynolds, T.B.3
  • 54
    • 0028140071 scopus 로고
    • Effects of chronic exposure to ammonia on glutamate and glutamine interconversion and compartmentation in homogeneous primary cultures of mouse astrocytes
    • Huang, R., Kala, G., Murthy, C.R.K., and Hertz, L. (1994). Effects of chronic exposure to ammonia on glutamate and glutamine interconversion and compartmentation in homogeneous primary cultures of mouse astrocytes. Neurochem. Res. 19:257-265.
    • (1994) Neurochem. Res. , vol.19 , pp. 257-265
    • Huang, R.1    Kala, G.2    Murthy, C.R.K.3    Hertz, L.4
  • 55
    • 0027689771 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor in cultured astrocytes: Evidence for multiplicity
    • Itzhak, Y., Baker, L., and Norenberg, M.D. (1993). Characterization of the peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor in cultured astrocytes: Evidence for multiplicity. Glia 9:211-218.
    • (1993) Glia , vol.9 , pp. 211-218
    • Itzhak, Y.1    Baker, L.2    Norenberg, M.D.3
  • 57
    • 0034959801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The inflammatory basis of intracranial hypertension in acute liver failure
    • Jalan, R. (2001). The inflammatory basis of intracranial hypertension in acute liver failure. J. Hepatol. 34:940-942.
    • (2001) J. Hepatol. , vol.34 , pp. 940-942
    • Jalan, R.1
  • 58
    • 0037774779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moderate hypothermia prevents cerebral hyperemia and increase in intracranial pressure in patients undergoing liver transplantation for acute liver failure
    • Jalan, R., Olde Damink, S.W., Deutz, N.E., Davies, N.A., Garden, O.J., Madhavan, K.K., Hayes, P.C., and Lee, A. (2003). Moderate hypothermia prevents cerebral hyperemia and increase in intracranial pressure in patients undergoing liver transplantation for acute liver failure. Transplantation 75:2034-2039.
    • (2003) Transplantation , vol.75 , pp. 2034-2039
    • Jalan, R.1    Olde Damink, S.W.2    Deutz, N.E.3    Davies, N.A.4    Garden, O.J.5    Madhavan, K.K.6    Hayes, P.C.7    Lee, A.8
  • 59
    • 0033517489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moderate hypothermia for uncontrolled intracranial hypertension in acute liver failure
    • Jalan, R., Olde Damink, S.W.M., Deutz, N.E.P., Lee, A., and Hayes, P.C. (1999). Moderate hypothermia for uncontrolled intracranial hypertension in acute liver failure. Lancet 354:1164-1168.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.354 , pp. 1164-1168
    • Jalan, R.1    Olde Damink, S.W.M.2    Deutz, N.E.P.3    Lee, A.4    Hayes, P.C.5
  • 60
    • 0036784144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liver derived pro-inflammatory cytokines may be important in producing intracranial hypertension in acute liver failure
    • Jalan, R., Pollok, A., Shah, S., Madhavan, K., and Simpson, K.J. (2002). Liver derived pro-inflammatory cytokines may be important in producing intracranial hypertension in acute liver failure. J. Hepatol. 37:536-538.
    • (2002) J. Hepatol. , vol.37 , pp. 536-538
    • Jalan, R.1    Pollok, A.2    Shah, S.3    Madhavan, K.4    Simpson, K.J.5
  • 61
    • 0036893189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peripheral benzodiazepine receptor ligands induce the formation of free radicals in cultured neural cells
    • Jayakumar, A.R., Panickar, K.S., and Norenberg, M.D. (2002). Peripheral benzodiazepine receptor ligands induce the formation of free radicals in cultured neural cells. J. Neurochem. 83:1226-1234.
    • (2002) J. Neurochem. , vol.83 , pp. 1226-1234
    • Jayakumar, A.R.1    Panickar, K.S.2    Norenberg, M.D.3
  • 62
    • 2542491081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamine-induced free radical production in cultured astrocytes
    • Jayakumar, A.R., Rama Rao, K.V., and Norenberg, M.D. (2004). Glutamine-induced free radical production in cultured astrocytes. Glia 46:296-301.
    • (2004) Glia , vol.46 , pp. 296-301
    • Jayakumar, A.R.1    Rama Rao, K.V.2    Norenberg, M.D.3
  • 63
    • 0028558703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular characterization of an aquaporin cDNA from brain: Candidate osmoreceptor and regulator of water balance
    • Jung, J.S., Bhat, R.V., Preston, G.M., Guggino, W.B., Baraban, J.M., and Agre, P. (2004). Molecular characterization of an aquaporin cDNA from brain: Candidate osmoreceptor and regulator of water balance. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 26:13052-13056.
    • (2004) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.26 , pp. 13052-13056
    • Jung, J.S.1    Bhat, R.V.2    Preston, G.M.3    Guggino, W.B.4    Baraban, J.M.5    Agre, P.6
  • 64
    • 0026628303 scopus 로고
    • Electron microscopic study of brain capillaries in cerebral edema from fulminant hepatic failure
    • Kato, M., Hughes, R.D., Keays, R.T., and Williams, R. (1992). Electron microscopic study of brain capillaries in cerebral edema from fulminant hepatic failure. Hepatology 15:1060-1066.
    • (1992) Hepatology , vol.15 , pp. 1060-1066
    • Kato, M.1    Hughes, R.D.2    Keays, R.T.3    Williams, R.4
  • 65
    • 0032252630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Swelling-activated release of excitatory amino acids in the brain: Relevance for pathophysiology
    • Kimelberg, H.K., and Mongin, A.A. (1998). Swelling-activated release of excitatory amino acids in the brain: Relevance for pathophysiology. Contrib. Nephrol. 123:240-257.
    • (1998) Contrib. Nephrol. , vol.123 , pp. 240-257
    • Kimelberg, H.K.1    Mongin, A.A.2
  • 66
    • 0024265550 scopus 로고
    • Swelling-induced depolarization of astrocyte potentials
    • Kimelberg, H.K., and O'Connor, E.R. (1988). Swelling-induced depolarization of astrocyte potentials. Glia 1:219-224.
    • (1988) Glia , vol.1 , pp. 219-224
    • Kimelberg, H.K.1    O'Connor, E.R.2
  • 67
    • 0033969517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aquaporins in health and disease
    • King, L.S., Yasui, M., and Agre, P. (2000). Aquaporins in health and disease. Mol. Med. Today 6:60-65.
    • (2000) Mol. Med. Today , vol.6 , pp. 60-65
    • King, L.S.1    Yasui, M.2    Agre, P.3
  • 69
    • 0029023214 scopus 로고
    • Nitroarginine, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase, attenuates ammonia toxicity and ammonia-induced alterations in brain metabolism
    • Kosenko, E., Kaminsky, Y., Grau, E., Miñana. M.D., Grisolía, S., and Felipo, V. (1995). Nitroarginine, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase, attenuates ammonia toxicity and ammonia-induced alterations in brain metabolism. Neurochem. Res. 20:451-456.
    • (1995) Neurochem. Res. , vol.20 , pp. 451-456
    • Kosenko, E.1    Kaminsky, Y.2    Grau, E.3    Miñana, M.D.4    Grisolía, S.5    Felipo, V.6
  • 71
    • 0032967196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blocking NMDA receptors prevents the oxidative stress induced by acute ammonia intoxication
    • Kosenko, E., Kaminski, Y., Lopata, O., Muravyov, N., and Felipo, V. (1999). Blocking NMDA receptors prevents the oxidative stress induced by acute ammonia intoxication. Free Rad. Biol. Med. 26:1369-1374.
    • (1999) Free Rad. Biol. Med. , vol.26 , pp. 1369-1374
    • Kosenko, E.1    Kaminski, Y.2    Lopata, O.3    Muravyov, N.4    Felipo, V.5
  • 72
    • 0031949404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitroarginine, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, prevents changes in superoxide radical and antioxidant enzymes induced by ammonia intoxication
    • Kosenko, E., Kaminsky, Y., Lopata, O., Muravyov, N., Kaminsky, A., Hermenegildo, C., and Felipo, V. (1998). Nitroarginine, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, prevents changes in superoxide radical and antioxidant enzymes induced by ammonia intoxication. Metab. Brain Dis. 13:29-41.
    • (1998) Metab. Brain Dis. , vol.13 , pp. 29-41
    • Kosenko, E.1    Kaminsky, Y.2    Lopata, O.3    Muravyov, N.4    Kaminsky, A.5    Hermenegildo, C.6    Felipo, V.7
  • 73
    • 0019944222 scopus 로고
    • Properties of phosphate activated glutaminase in astrocytes cultured from mouse brain
    • Kvamme, E., Svenneby, G., Hertz, L., and Schousboe, A. (1982). Properties of phosphate activated glutaminase in astrocytes cultured from mouse brain. Neurochem. Res. 7:761-770.
    • (1982) Neurochem. Res. , vol.7 , pp. 761-770
    • Kvamme, E.1    Svenneby, G.2    Hertz, L.3    Schousboe, A.4
  • 74
    • 0032890369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postembedding immunogold labelling reveals subcellular localization and pathway-specific enrichment of phosphate activated glutaminase in rat cerebellum
    • Laake, J.H., Takumi, Y., Torgner, I.A., Kvamme, E., and Ottersen, O.P. (1999). Postembedding immunogold labelling reveals subcellular localization and pathway-specific enrichment of phosphate activated glutaminase in rat cerebellum. Neuroscience 88:1137-1151.
    • (1999) Neuroscience , vol.88 , pp. 1137-1151
    • Laake, J.H.1    Takumi, Y.2    Torgner, I.A.3    Kvamme, E.4    Ottersen, O.P.5
  • 75
    • 0001561009 scopus 로고
    • The inhibition in vivo of cerebral glutamine synthetase and glutamine transferase by the convulsant methionine sulfoximine
    • Lamar, C., Jr., and Sellinger, O.Z. (1965). The inhibition in vivo of cerebral glutamine synthetase and glutamine transferase by the convulsant methionine sulfoximine. Biochem. Pharmacol. 14:489-506.
    • (1965) Biochem. Pharmacol. , vol.14 , pp. 489-506
    • Lamar Jr., C.1    Sellinger, O.Z.2
  • 77
    • 0035062328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral hyperemia and nitric oxide synthase in rats with ammonia-induced brain edema
    • Larsen, F.S., Gottstein, J., and Blei, A.T. (2001). Cerebral hyperemia and nitric oxide synthase in rats with ammonia-induced brain edema. J. Hepatol. 34:548-554.
    • (2001) J. Hepatol. , vol.34 , pp. 548-554
    • Larsen, F.S.1    Gottstein, J.2    Blei, A.T.3
  • 79
    • 0026509649 scopus 로고
    • A receptor: Mechanism of action and physiological significance
    • A receptor: Mechanism of action and physiological significance. Prog. Neurobiol. 38:379-395.
    • (1992) Prog. Neurobiol. , vol.38 , pp. 379-395
    • Majewska, M.D.1
  • 80
    • 0027372670 scopus 로고
    • Control of cerebral oedema by total hepatectomy and extracorporeal liver support in fulminant hepatic failure
    • Makowka, L., and Demetriou, A.A. (1993). Control of cerebral oedema by total hepatectomy and extracorporeal liver support in fulminant hepatic failure. Lancet 342:898-899.
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.342 , pp. 898-899
    • Makowka, L.1    Demetriou, A.A.2
  • 81
    • 0033966090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aquaporin-4 deletion in mice reduces brain edema after acute water intoxication and ischemic stroke
    • Manley, G.T., Fujimura, M., Ma, T.H., Noshita, N., Filiz, F., Bollen, A.W., Chan, P., and Verkman, A.S. (2000). Aquaporin-4 deletion in mice reduces brain edema after acute water intoxication and ischemic stroke. Nat. Med. 6:159-163.
    • (2000) Nat. Med. , vol.6 , pp. 159-163
    • Manley, G.T.1    Fujimura, M.2    Ma, T.H.3    Noshita, N.4    Filiz, F.5    Bollen, A.W.6    Chan, P.7    Verkman, A.S.8
  • 82
    • 0014526454 scopus 로고
    • Identification of L-methionine S-sulfoximine as the diastereoisomer of L-methionine SR-sulfoximine that inhibits glutamine synthetase
    • Manning, J.M., Moore, S., Rowe, W.B., and Meister, A. (1969). Identification of L-methionine S-sulfoximine as the diastereoisomer of L-methionine SR-sulfoximine that inhibits glutamine synthetase. Biochemistry 8:2681-2685.
    • (1969) Biochemistry , vol.8 , pp. 2681-2685
    • Manning, J.M.1    Moore, S.2    Rowe, W.B.3    Meister, A.4
  • 83
    • 0000063913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aquaporin-4 water channel is up-regulated in the brain in fulminant hepatic failure
    • Margulies, J.E., Thompson, R.C., and Demitriou, A.A. (1999). Aquaporin-4 water channel is up-regulated in the brain in fulminant hepatic failure. Hepatology 30(Suppl., Pt. 2):938.
    • (1999) Hepatology , vol.30 , Issue.2 SUPPL. AND PART , pp. 938
    • Margulies, J.E.1    Thompson, R.C.2    Demitriou, A.A.3
  • 84
    • 0014406674 scopus 로고
    • Electron microscopy in human hepatic encephalopathy
    • Martinez, A.J. (1968). Electron microscopy in human hepatic encephalopathy. Act. Neuropathol. (Berl.) 11:82-86.
    • (1968) Act. Neuropathol. (Berl.) , vol.11 , pp. 82-86
    • Martinez, A.J.1
  • 85
    • 0032867674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral blood flow and the development of ammonia-induced brain edema in rats after portacaval anastomosis
    • Master, S., Gottstein, J., and Blei, A.T. (1999). Cerebral blood flow and the development of ammonia-induced brain edema in rats after portacaval anastomosis. Hepatology 30:876-880.
    • (1999) Hepatology , vol.30 , pp. 876-880
    • Master, S.1    Gottstein, J.2    Blei, A.T.3
  • 86
    • 0027270426 scopus 로고
    • Factors associated with severe intracranial hypertension in candidates for emergency liver transplantation
    • Munoz, S.J., Moritz, M.J., Bell, R., Northrup, B., Martin, P., and Radomski, J. (1993). Factors associated with severe intracranial hypertension in candidates for emergency liver transplantation. Transplantation 55:1071-1074.
    • (1993) Transplantation , vol.55 , pp. 1071-1074
    • Munoz, S.J.1    Moritz, M.J.2    Bell, R.3    Northrup, B.4    Martin, P.5    Radomski, J.6
  • 87
    • 0000619460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ammonia-induced swelling in primary cultures of rat astrocytes: Role of free radicals
    • Murthy, Ch.R.K., Bai, G., Dombro, R.S., and Norenberg, M.D. (2000b). Ammonia-induced swelling in primary cultures of rat astrocytes: Role of free radicals. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 26:1893.
    • (2000) Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. , vol.26 , pp. 1893
    • Murthy, Ch.R.K.1    Bai, G.2    Dombro, R.S.3    Norenberg, M.D.4
  • 88
    • 0034257048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevation of glutathione levels by ammonium ions in primary cultures of rat astrocytes
    • Murthy, Ch.R.K., Bender, A.S., Dombro, R.S., Bai, G., and Norenberg, M.D. (2000a). Elevation of glutathione levels by ammonium ions in primary cultures of rat astrocytes. Neurochem. Int. 37:255-268.
    • (2000) Neurochem. Int. , vol.37 , pp. 255-268
    • Murthy, Ch.R.K.1    Bender, A.S.2    Dombro, R.S.3    Bai, G.4    Norenberg, M.D.5
  • 89
    • 0035888288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ammonia induced production of free radicals in primary cultures of rat astrocytes
    • Murthy, Ch.R.K., Rama Rao, K.V., Bai, G., and Norenberg, M.D. (2001a). Ammonia induced production of free radicals in primary cultures of rat astrocytes. J. Neurosci. Res. 66:282-288.
    • (2001) J. Neurosci. Res. , vol.66 , pp. 282-288
    • Murthy, Ch.R.K.1    Rama Rao, K.V.2    Bai, G.3    Norenberg, M.D.4
  • 91
    • 0031957738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracellular acidification induced by passive and active transport of ammonium ions in astrocytes
    • Nagaraja, T.N., and Brookes, N. (1998). Intracellular acidification induced by passive and active transport of ammonium ions in astrocytes. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 274:C883-C891.
    • (1998) Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. , vol.274
    • Nagaraja, T.N.1    Brookes, N.2
  • 92
    • 0017735996 scopus 로고
    • A light and electron microscopic study of experimental portal-systemic (ammonia) encephalopathy. Progression and reversal of the disorder
    • Norenberg, M.D. (1977). A light and electron microscopic study of experimental portal-systemic (ammonia) encephalopathy. Progression and reversal of the disorder. Lab. Invest. 36:618-627.
    • (1977) Lab. Invest. , vol.36 , pp. 618-627
    • Norenberg, M.D.1
  • 93
    • 0032427875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astroglial dysfunction in hepatic encephalopathy
    • Norenberg, M.D. (1998). Astroglial dysfunction in hepatic encephalopathy. Metab. Brain Dis. 13:319-335.
    • (1998) Metab. Brain Dis. , vol.13 , pp. 319-335
    • Norenberg, M.D.1
  • 94
    • 0037310995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative and nitrosative stress in ammonia neurotoxicity
    • Norenberg, M.D. (2003). Oxidative and nitrosative stress in ammonia neurotoxicity. Hepatology 37:245-248.
    • (2003) Hepatology , vol.37 , pp. 245-248
    • Norenberg, M.D.1
  • 96
    • 0028321104 scopus 로고
    • Astrocyte swelling in liver failure: Role of glutamine and benzodiazepines
    • Norenberg, M.D., and Bender, A.S. (1994). Astrocyte swelling in liver failure: Role of glutamine and benzodiazepines. Act. Neurochir. 60(Suppl.):24-27.
    • (1994) Act. Neurochir. , vol.60 , pp. 24-27
    • Norenberg, M.D.1    Bender, A.S.2
  • 97
    • 0000825887 scopus 로고
    • Acute liver failure and hyperammonemia increase nitric oxide synthase in mouse brain
    • Norenberg, M.D., and Itzhak, Y. (1995). Acute liver failure and hyperammonemia increase nitric oxide synthase in mouse brain. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 21:869.
    • (1995) Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. , vol.21 , pp. 869
    • Norenberg, M.D.1    Itzhak, Y.2
  • 98
    • 0030833288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The peripheral benzodiazepine receptor and neurosteroids in hepatic encephalopathy
    • Norenberg, M.D., Itzhak, Y., and Bender, A.S. (1997). The peripheral benzodiazepine receptor and neurosteroids in hepatic encephalopathy. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 420:95-111.
    • (1997) Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. , vol.420 , pp. 95-111
    • Norenberg, M.D.1    Itzhak, Y.2    Bender, A.S.3
  • 99
    • 5444262536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy
    • Norenberg, M.D., Jayakumar, A.R., and Rama Rao, K. V. (2004a). Oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy. Metab. Brain Dis. 19:313-329.
    • (2004) Metab. Brain Dis. , vol.19 , pp. 313-329
    • Norenberg, M.D.1    Jayakumar, A.R.2    Rama Rao, K.V.3
  • 100
    • 0018382256 scopus 로고
    • Fine structural localization of glutamine synthetase in astrocytes of rat brain
    • Norenberg, M.D., and Martinez-Hernandez, A. (1979). Fine structural localization of glutamine synthetase in astrocytes of rat brain. Brain Res. 161:303-310.
    • (1979) Brain Res. , vol.161 , pp. 303-310
    • Norenberg, M.D.1    Martinez-Hernandez, A.2
  • 101
    • 10244226729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ammonia neurotoxicity and the mitochondrial permeability transition
    • Norenberg, M.D., Rama Rao, K.V., and Jayakumar, A.R. (2004b). Ammonia neurotoxicity and the mitochondrial permeability transition. J. Bioenerg. Biomembr. 36:303-307.
    • (2004) J. Bioenerg. Biomembr. , vol.36 , pp. 303-307
    • Norenberg, M.D.1    Rama Rao, K.V.2    Jayakumar, A.R.3
  • 102
    • 0025563404 scopus 로고
    • New roles of carnitine metabolism in ammonia toxicity
    • A. Grisolía, V. Felipo, and M.D. Miñana, eds., Plenum Press, New York
    • O'Connor, J.E., and Costell, M. (1990). New roles of carnitine metabolism in ammonia toxicity. In (A. Grisolía, V. Felipo, and M.D. Miñana, eds.), Cirrhosis, Hepatic Encephalopathy and Ammonium Toxicity, Plenum Press, New York, pp. 183-195.
    • (1990) Cirrhosis, Hepatic Encephalopathy and Ammonium Toxicity , pp. 183-195
    • O'Connor, J.E.1    Costell, M.2
  • 104
    • 0027058810 scopus 로고
    • Correlations between energy metabolism, ion transport, and water content in astrocytes
    • Olson, J.E., and Evers, J.A. (1992). Correlations between energy metabolism, ion transport, and water content in astrocytes. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 70(Suppl.):S350-S355.
    • (1992) Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. , vol.70 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Olson, J.E.1    Evers, J.A.2
  • 105
    • 0027447948 scopus 로고
    • Peripheral-type benzodiazepine/diazepam binding inhibitor receptor: Biological role in steroidogenic cell function
    • Papadopoulos, V. (1993). Peripheral-type benzodiazepine/diazepam binding inhibitor receptor: Biological role in steroidogenic cell function. Endocr. Rev. 14:222-240.
    • (1993) Endocr. Rev. , vol.14 , pp. 222-240
    • Papadopoulos, V.1
  • 106
    • 0029804458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of peripheral benzodiazepine type sites in a cultured murine BV-2 microglial cell line
    • Park, C.H., Carboni, E., Wood, P.L., and Gee, K.W. (1996). Characterization of peripheral benzodiazepine type sites in a cultured murine BV-2 microglial cell line. Glia 16:65-70.
    • (1996) Glia , vol.16 , pp. 65-70
    • Park, C.H.1    Carboni, E.2    Wood, P.L.3    Gee, K.W.4
  • 107
    • 0027526364 scopus 로고
    • Peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptors
    • Parola, A.L., Yamamura, H.I., and Laird, H.E.I. (1993). Peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptors. Life Sci. 52:1329-1342.
    • (1993) Life Sci. , vol.52 , pp. 1329-1342
    • Parola, A.L.1    Yamamura, H.I.2    Laird, H.E.I.3
  • 108
    • 0029982148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cytotoxicity of tumor necrosis factor depends on induction of the mitochondrial permeability transition
    • Pastorino, J.G., Simbula, G., Yamamoto, K., Glascott, P.A., Jr., Rothman, R.J., and Farber, J.L. (1996). The cytotoxicity of tumor necrosis factor depends on induction of the mitochondrial permeability transition. J. Biol. Chem. 271:29792-29798.
    • (1996) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.271 , pp. 29792-29798
    • Pastorino, J.G.1    Simbula, G.2    Yamamoto, K.3    Glascott Jr., P.A.4    Rothman, R.J.5    Farber, J.L.6
  • 111
    • 0026332210 scopus 로고
    • Isolation of the cDNA for erythrocyte integral membrane protein of 28 kilo-daltons: Member of an ancient channel family
    • Preston, G.M., and Agre, P. (1991). Isolation of the cDNA for erythrocyte integral membrane protein of 28 kilo-daltons: Member of an ancient channel family. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88:11110-11114.
    • (1991) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.88 , pp. 11110-11114
    • Preston, G.M.1    Agre, P.2
  • 112
    • 0012920168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor and neurosteroids in the induction of the mitochondrial permeability transition in cultured astrocytes
    • Rama Rao, K.V., Bai, G., Jayakumar, A.R., and Norenberg, M.D. (2001). Role of the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor and neurosteroids in the induction of the mitochondrial permeability transition in cultured astrocytes. J. Neurochem. 78(Suppl. 1):25.
    • (2001) J. Neurochem. , vol.78 , Issue.1 SUPPL. , pp. 25
    • Rama Rao, K.V.1    Bai, G.2    Jayakumar, A.R.3    Norenberg, M.D.4
  • 113
    • 0344549778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppression of ammonia-induced astrocyte swelling by cyclosporin A
    • Rama Rao, K.V., Chen, M., Simard, J.M., and Norenberg, M.D. (2003a). Suppression of ammonia-induced astrocyte swelling by cyclosporin A. J. Neurosci. Res. 74:891-897.
    • (2003) J. Neurosci. Res. , vol.74 , pp. 891-897
    • Rama Rao, K.V.1    Chen, M.2    Simard, J.M.3    Norenberg, M.D.4
  • 114
    • 85026150288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased aquaporin-4 expression in ammonia-treated cultured astrocytes
    • Rama Rao, K.V., Chen, M., Simard, J.M., and Norenberg, M.D. (2003b). Increased aquaporin-4 expression in ammonia-treated cultured astrocytes. NeuroReport 14:2379-2382.
    • (2003) NeuroReport , vol.14 , pp. 2379-2382
    • Rama Rao, K.V.1    Chen, M.2    Simard, J.M.3    Norenberg, M.D.4
  • 115
    • 0038741859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of the mitochondrial permeability transition in cultured astrocytes by glutamine
    • Rama Rao, K.V., Jayakumar, A.R., and Norenberg, M.D. (2003c). Induction of the mitochondrial permeability transition in cultured astrocytes by glutamine. Neurochem. Int. 43:517-523.
    • (2003) Neurochem. Int. , vol.43 , pp. 517-523
    • Rama Rao, K.V.1    Jayakumar, A.R.2    Norenberg, M.D.3
  • 116
    • 12244291247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential response of glutamine in cultured neurons and astrocytes
    • Rama Rao, K.V., Jayakumar, A.R., and Norenberg, M.D. (2005a). Differential response of glutamine in cultured neurons and astrocytes. J. Neurosci. Res. 79:193-199.
    • (2005) J. Neurosci. Res. , vol.79 , pp. 193-199
    • Rama Rao, K.V.1    Jayakumar, A.R.2    Norenberg, M.D.3
  • 117
    • 0035165599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral energy metabolism in hepatic encephalopathy and hyperammonemia
    • Rama Rao, K.V., and Norenberg, M.D. (2001). Cerebral energy metabolism in hepatic encephalopathy and hyperammonemia. Metab. Brain Dis. 16:67-78.
    • (2001) Metab. Brain Dis. , vol.16 , pp. 67-78
    • Rama Rao, K.V.1    Norenberg, M.D.2
  • 118
    • 20544437331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of oxidative stress in the ammonia-induced mitochondrial permeability transition in cultured astrocytes
    • Rama Rao, K.V., Jayakumar, A.R., and Norenberg, M.D. (2005b). Role of oxidative stress in the ammonia-induced mitochondrial permeability transition in cultured astrocytes. Neurochem. Int. 47:31-38.
    • (2005) Neurochem. Int. , vol.47 , pp. 31-38
    • Rama Rao, K.V.1    Jayakumar, A.R.2    Norenberg, M.D.3
  • 120
    • 0005853247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased neuronal nitric oxide synthase expression in brain following portacaval anastomosis
    • Rao, V.L.R., Audet, R.M., and Butterworth, R.F. (1997). Increased neuronal nitric oxide synthase expression in brain following portacaval anastomosis. Brain Res. 765:169-172.
    • (1997) Brain Res. , vol.765 , pp. 169-172
    • Rao, V.L.R.1    Audet, R.M.2    Butterworth, R.F.3
  • 121
    • 0026770698 scopus 로고
    • Ammonia-induced alterations in the metabolism of glutamate and aspartate in neuronal perikarya and synaptosomes of rat cerebellum
    • Rao, V.L.R., and Murthy, Ch.R.K. (1992). Ammonia-induced alterations in the metabolism of glutamate and aspartate in neuronal perikarya and synaptosomes of rat cerebellum. Metab. Brain Dis. 7:51-61.
    • (1992) Metab. Brain Dis. , vol.7 , pp. 51-61
    • Rao, V.L.R.1    Murthy, Ch.R.K.2
  • 122
    • 0027325834 scopus 로고
    • Total hepatectomy and liver transplantation as two-stage procedure
    • Ringe, B., Lubbe, N., Kuse, E., Frei, U., and Pichlmayr, R. (1993). Total hepatectomy and liver transplantation as two-stage procedure. Ann. Surg. 218:3-9.
    • (1993) Ann. Surg. , vol.218 , pp. 3-9
    • Ringe, B.1    Lubbe, N.2    Kuse, E.3    Frei, U.4    Pichlmayr, R.5
  • 123
    • 0034102769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mild hypothermia delays the onset of coma and prevents brain edema and extracellular brain glutamate accumulation in rats with acute liver failure
    • Rose, C., Michalak, A., Pannunzio, M., Chatauret, N., Rambaldi, A., and Butterworth, R.F. (2000). Mild hypothermia delays the onset of coma and prevents brain edema and extracellular brain glutamate accumulation in rats with acute liver failure. Hepatology 31:872-877.
    • (2000) Hepatology , vol.31 , pp. 872-877
    • Rose, C.1    Michalak, A.2    Pannunzio, M.3    Chatauret, N.4    Rambaldi, A.5    Butterworth, R.F.6
  • 124
    • 0032868948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • L-ornithine-L-aspartate lowers plasma and cerebrospinal fluid ammonia and prevents brain edema in rats with acute liver failure
    • Rose, C., Michalak, A., Rao, K.V.R., Quack, G., Kircheis, G., and Butterworth, R.F. (1999). L-ornithine-L-aspartate lowers plasma and cerebrospinal fluid ammonia and prevents brain edema in rats with acute liver failure. Hepatology 30:636-640.
    • (1999) Hepatology , vol.30 , pp. 636-640
    • Rose, C.1    Michalak, A.2    Rao, K.V.R.3    Quack, G.4    Kircheis, G.5    Butterworth, R.F.6
  • 125
    • 0027372670 scopus 로고
    • Control of cerebral oedema by total hepatectomy and extracorporeal liver support in fulminant hepatic failure
    • Rozga, J., Podesta, L., LePage, E., Hoffman, A., Morsiani, E., Sher, L., Woolf, G.M., Makowka, L., and Demetriou, A.A. (1993). Control of cerebral oedema by total hepatectomy and extracorporeal liver support in fulminant hepatic failure. Lancet 342:898-899.
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.342 , pp. 898-899
    • Rozga, J.1    Podesta, L.2    Lepage, E.3    Hoffman, A.4    Morsiani, E.5    Sher, L.6    Woolf, G.M.7    Makowka, L.8    Demetriou, A.A.9
  • 126
    • 0030580086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alterations to glutathione and nicotinamide nucleotides during the mitochondrial permeability transition induced by peroxynitrite
    • Scarlett, J.L., Packer, M.A., Porteous, C.M., and Murphy, M.P. (1996). Alterations to glutathione and nicotinamide nucleotides during the mitochondrial permeability transition induced by peroxynitrite. Biochem. Pharmacol. 52:1047-1055.
    • (1996) Biochem. Pharmacol. , vol.52 , pp. 1047-1055
    • Scarlett, J.L.1    Packer, M.A.2    Porteous, C.M.3    Murphy, M.P.4
  • 129
    • 0018386655 scopus 로고
    • Phosphate activated glutaminase activity and glutamine uptake in primary cultures of astrocytes
    • Schousboe, A., Hertz, L., Svenneby, G., and Kvamme, E. (1979). Phosphate activated glutaminase activity and glutamine uptake in primary cultures of astrocytes. J. Neurochem. 32:943-950.
    • (1979) J. Neurochem. , vol.32 , pp. 943-950
    • Schousboe, A.1    Hertz, L.2    Svenneby, G.3    Kvamme, E.4
  • 130
    • 0026446691 scopus 로고
    • Cyclosporin A protects against ischemia-reperfusion injury in the brain
    • Shiga, Y., Onodera, H., Matsuo, Y., and Kogure, K. (1992). Cyclosporin A protects against ischemia-reperfusion injury in the brain. Brain Res. 595:145-148.
    • (1992) Brain Res. , vol.595 , pp. 145-148
    • Shiga, Y.1    Onodera, H.2    Matsuo, Y.3    Kogure, K.4
  • 131
    • 0027049205 scopus 로고
    • Do astrocytes process neural information?
    • A.C.H. Yu, L. Hertz, M.D. Norenberg, E. Sykova, and S. Waxman, eds., Elsevier, Amsterdam
    • Smith, S.J. (1992). Do astrocytes process neural information? In (A.C.H. Yu, L. Hertz, M.D. Norenberg, E. Sykova, and S. Waxman, eds.), Neuronal-Astrocytic Interactions: Implications for Normal and Pathological CNS Function, Elsevier, Amsterdam. 119-136.
    • (1992) Neuronal-Astrocytic Interactions: Implications for Normal and Pathological CNS Function , pp. 119-136
    • Smith, S.J.1
  • 132
    • 0037096037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GeneChip analysis shows altered mRNA expression of transcripts of neurotransmitter and signal transduction pathways in the cerebral cortex of portacaval shunted rats
    • Song, G., Dhodda, V.K., Blei, A.T., Dempsey, R.J., and Rao, V.L. (2002). GeneChip analysis shows altered mRNA expression of transcripts of neurotransmitter and signal transduction pathways in the cerebral cortex of portacaval shunted rats. J. Neurosci. Res. 68:730-737.
    • (2002) J. Neurosci. Res. , vol.68 , pp. 730-737
    • Song, G.1    Dhodda, V.K.2    Blei, A.T.3    Dempsey, R.J.4    Rao, V.L.5
  • 134
    • 0028029826 scopus 로고
    • Swelling, acidosis, and irreversible damage of glial cells from exposure to arachidonic acid in vitro
    • Staub, F., Winkler, A., Peters, J., Kempski, O., Kachel, V., and Baethmann, A. (1994). Swelling, acidosis, and irreversible damage of glial cells from exposure to arachidonic acid in vitro. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 14:1030-1039.
    • (1994) J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. , vol.14 , pp. 1030-1039
    • Staub, F.1    Winkler, A.2    Peters, J.3    Kempski, O.4    Kachel, V.5    Baethmann, A.6
  • 135
    • 0021966194 scopus 로고
    • Isolation of astrocytes, neurons, and synaptosomes of rat brain cortex: Distribution of enzymes of glutamate metabolism
    • Subbalakshmi, G.Y., and Murthy, C.R. (1985). Isolation of astrocytes, neurons, and synaptosomes of rat brain cortex: Distribution of enzymes of glutamate metabolism. Neurochem. Res. 10:239-250.
    • (1985) Neurochem. Res. , vol.10 , pp. 239-250
    • Subbalakshmi, G.Y.1    Murthy, C.R.2
  • 136
    • 0031012701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methionine sulfoximine, a glutamine synthetase inhibitor, attenuates increased extracellular potassium activity during acute hyperammonemia
    • Sugimoto, H., Koehler, R.C., Wilson, D.A., Brusilow, S.W., and Traystman, R.J. (1997). Methionine sulfoximine, a glutamine synthetase inhibitor, attenuates increased extracellular potassium activity during acute hyperammonemia. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 17:44-49.
    • (1997) J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. , vol.17 , pp. 44-49
    • Sugimoto, H.1    Koehler, R.C.2    Wilson, D.A.3    Brusilow, S.W.4    Traystman, R.J.5
  • 137
    • 0026516232 scopus 로고
    • Ammonia and related amino acids in the pathogenesis of brain edema in acute ischemic liver failure in rats
    • Swain, M., Butterworth, R.F., and Blei, A.T. (1992). Ammonia and related amino acids in the pathogenesis of brain edema in acute ischemic liver failure in rats. Hepatology 15:449-453.
    • (1992) Hepatology , vol.15 , pp. 449-453
    • Swain, M.1    Butterworth, R.F.2    Blei, A.T.3
  • 138
    • 0026004760 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of brain glutamine accumulation prevents cerebral edema in hyperammonemic rats
    • Takahashi, H., Koehler, R.C., Brusilow, S.W., and Traystman, R.J. (1991). Inhibition of brain glutamine accumulation prevents cerebral edema in hyperammonemic rats. Am. J. Physiol. 261:H825-H829.
    • (1991) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.261
    • Takahashi, H.1    Koehler, R.C.2    Brusilow, S.W.3    Traystman, R.J.4
  • 141
    • 0025942897 scopus 로고
    • Cerebrospinal fluid amino acids in relation to neurological status in experimental portal-systemic encephalopathy
    • Therrien, G., and Butterworth, R.F. (1991). Cerebrospinal fluid amino acids in relation to neurological status in experimental portal-systemic encephalopathy. Metab. Brain Dis. 6:65-74.
    • (1991) Metab. Brain Dis. , vol.6 , pp. 65-74
    • Therrien, G.1    Butterworth, R.F.2
  • 142
    • 0026339530 scopus 로고
    • Increased cerebrospinal fluid lactate reflects deterioration of neurological status in experimental portal-systemic encephalopathy
    • Therrien, G., Giguère, J.F., and Butterworth, R.F. (1991). Increased cerebrospinal fluid lactate reflects deterioration of neurological status in experimental portal-systemic encephalopathy. Metab. Brain Dis. 6:225-231.
    • (1991) Metab. Brain Dis. , vol.6 , pp. 225-231
    • Therrien, G.1    Giguère, J.F.2    Butterworth, R.F.3
  • 143
    • 0023607036 scopus 로고
    • Electron microscopic evaluation of brain edema in rabbits with galactosamine-induced fulminant hepatic failure: Ultrastructure and integrity of the blood-brain barrier
    • Traber, P.G., Dal Canto, M.C., Ganger, D., and Blei, A.T. (1987). Electron microscopic evaluation of brain edema in rabbits with galactosamine-induced fulminant hepatic failure: Ultrastructure and integrity of the blood-brain barrier. Hepatology 7:1272-1277.
    • (1987) Hepatology , vol.7 , pp. 1272-1277
    • Traber, P.G.1    Dal Canto, M.C.2    Ganger, D.3    Blei, A.T.4
  • 144
    • 0032526765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation and functional analysis of alternative promoters in the human aquaporin-4 water channel gene
    • Umenishi, F., and Verkman, A.S. (1998). Isolation and functional analysis of alternative promoters in the human aquaporin-4 water channel gene. Genome 50:373-377.
    • (1998) Genome , vol.50 , pp. 373-377
    • Umenishi, F.1    Verkman, A.S.2
  • 145
    • 0025905948 scopus 로고
    • Role of antioxidants and scavengers on argemone oil-induced toxicity in rats
    • Upreti, K.K., Das, M., and Khanna, S.K. (1991). Role of antioxidants and scavengers on argemone oil-induced toxicity in rats. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 20:531-537.
    • (1991) Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , vol.20 , pp. 531-537
    • Upreti, K.K.1    Das, M.2    Khanna, S.K.3
  • 146
    • 0032886241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential upregulation of aquaporin-4 mRNA expression in reactive astrocytes after brain injury: Potential role in brain edema
    • Vizuete, M.L., Venero, J.L., Vargas, C., Ilundain, A.A., Echevarria, M., Machado, A., and Cano, J. (1999). Differential upregulation of aquaporin-4 mRNA expression in reactive astrocytes after brain injury: Potential role in brain edema. Neurobiol. Dis. 6:245-258.
    • (1999) Neurobiol. Dis. , vol.6 , pp. 245-258
    • Vizuete, M.L.1    Venero, J.L.2    Vargas, C.3    Ilundain, A.A.4    Echevarria, M.5    Machado, A.6    Cano, J.7
  • 147
    • 0021045693 scopus 로고
    • Acute hyperammonemia in the young primate. Physiologic and neuropathological correlates
    • Voorhies, T.M., Ehrlich, M.E., Duffy, T.E., Petito, C.K., and Plum, F. (1983). Acute hyperammonemia in the young primate. Physiologic and neuropathological correlates. Pediatr. Res. 17:970-975.
    • (1983) Pediatr. Res. , vol.17 , pp. 970-975
    • Voorhies, T.M.1    Ehrlich, M.E.2    Duffy, T.E.3    Petito, C.K.4    Plum, F.5
  • 148
    • 0026595752 scopus 로고
    • Physiological levels of ammonia regulate glutamine synthesis from extracellular glutamate in astrocyte cultures
    • Waniewski, R. (1992). Physiological levels of ammonia regulate glutamine synthesis from extracellular glutamate in astrocyte cultures. J. Neurochem. 58:167-174.
    • (1992) J. Neurochem. , vol.58 , pp. 167-174
    • Waniewski, R.1
  • 149
    • 0015173601 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral edema: A major complication of massive hepatic necrosis
    • Ware, A.J., D'Agostino, A.N., and Combes, B. (1971). Cerebral edema: A major complication of massive hepatic necrosis. Gastroenterology 61:877-884.
    • (1971) Gastroenterology , vol.61 , pp. 877-884
    • Ware, A.J.1    D'Agostino, A.N.2    Combes, B.3
  • 150
    • 0001697979 scopus 로고
    • Effect of an inhibition of glutamine synthesis (methionine sulfoximine) on ammonia toxicity and metabolism
    • Warren, K.S., and Schenker, S. (1964). Effect of an inhibition of glutamine synthesis (methionine sulfoximine) on ammonia toxicity and metabolism. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 64:442-449.
    • (1964) J. Lab. Clin. Med. , vol.64 , pp. 442-449
    • Warren, K.S.1    Schenker, S.2
  • 151
    • 0036909292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ammonia-induced heme oxygenase-1 expression in cultured rat astrocytes and rat brain in vivo
    • Warskulat, U., Görg, B., Bidmon, H.J., Muller, H.W., Schliess, F., and Häussinger, D. (2002). Ammonia-induced heme oxygenase-1 expression in cultured rat astrocytes and rat brain in vivo. Glia 40:324-336.
    • (2002) Glia , vol.40 , pp. 324-336
    • Warskulat, U.1    Görg, B.2    Bidmon, H.J.3    Muller, H.W.4    Schliess, F.5    Häussinger, D.6
  • 153
    • 0028302774 scopus 로고
    • Indications for orthotopic liver transplantation in fulminant liver failure
    • Williams, R., and Wendon, J. (1994). Indications for orthotopic liver transplantation in fulminant liver failure. Hepatology 20:S5-S10.
    • (1994) Hepatology , vol.20
    • Williams, R.1    Wendon, J.2
  • 154
    • 0025744947 scopus 로고
    • Histochemistry of glutamate metabolizing enzymes in the rat cerebellar cortex
    • Würdig, S., and Kugler, P. (1991). Histochemistry of glutamate metabolizing enzymes in the rat cerebellar cortex. Neurosci. Lett. 130:165-168.
    • (1991) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.130 , pp. 165-168
    • Würdig, S.1    Kugler, P.2
  • 155
    • 0032717916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of N-acetylcysteine on mitochondrial function following traumatic brain injury in rats
    • Xiong, Y., Peterson, P.L., and Lee, C.P. (1999). Effect of N-acetylcysteine on mitochondrial function following traumatic brain injury in rats. J. Neurotrauma 16:1067-1082.
    • (1999) J. Neurotrauma , vol.16 , pp. 1067-1082
    • Xiong, Y.1    Peterson, P.L.2    Lee, C.P.3
  • 158
    • 0030848374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial implication in accidental and programmed cell death: Apoptosis and necrosis
    • Zamzami, N., Hirsch, T., Dallaporta, B., Petit, P.X., and Kroemer, G. (1997). Mitochondrial implication in accidental and programmed cell death: Apoptosis and necrosis. J. Bioenerg. Biomembr. 29:185-193.
    • (1997) J. Bioenerg. Biomembr. , vol.29 , pp. 185-193
    • Zamzami, N.1    Hirsch, T.2    Dallaporta, B.3    Petit, P.X.4    Kroemer, G.5
  • 159
    • 0038403914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Excitotoxic mechanism of cell swelling in rat cerebral cortical slices treated acutely with ammonia
    • Zielinska, M., Law, R.O., and Albrecht, J. (2003). Excitotoxic mechanism of cell swelling in rat cerebral cortical slices treated acutely with ammonia. Neurochem. Int. 43:299-303.
    • (2003) Neurochem. Int. , vol.43 , pp. 299-303
    • Zielinska, M.1    Law, R.O.2    Albrecht, J.3
  • 160
    • 0029116916 scopus 로고
    • The mitochondrial permeability transition
    • Zoratti, M., and Szabo, I. (1995). The mitochondrial permeability transition. Biochim. Biophys. Act. 1241:139-176.
    • (1995) Biochim. Biophys. Act. , vol.1241 , pp. 139-176
    • Zoratti, M.1    Szabo, I.2
  • 161
    • 1642513500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective alterations of brain osmolytes in acute liver failure: Protective effect of mild hypothermia
    • Zwingmann, C., Chatauret, N., Rose, C., Leibfritz, D., and Butterworth, R.F. (2004). Selective alterations of brain osmolytes in acute liver failure: Protective effect of mild hypothermia. Brain Res. 999:118-123.
    • (2004) Brain Res. , vol.999 , pp. 118-123
    • Zwingmann, C.1    Chatauret, N.2    Rose, C.3    Leibfritz, D.4    Butterworth, R.F.5
  • 162
    • 0033672168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of ammonia exposition on glioma cells: Changes in cell volume and organic osmolytes studied by diffusion-weighted and high-resolution NMR spectroscopy
    • Zwingmann, C., Flogel, U., Pfeuffer, J., and Leibfritz, D. (2000). Effects of ammonia exposition on glioma cells: Changes in cell volume and organic osmolytes studied by diffusion-weighted and high-resolution NMR spectroscopy. Dev. Neurosci. 22:463-471.
    • (2000) Dev. Neurosci. , vol.22 , pp. 463-471
    • Zwingmann, C.1    Flogel, U.2    Pfeuffer, J.3    Leibfritz, D.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.