Pathophysiology of cerebral edema in fulminant hepatic failure

Journal of Hepatology

Volumn 31, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 771-776

  Blei, Andres T ^a,b   Larsen, Fin Stolze ^a  

^a NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMMONIA; GLUTAMINE; MEMANTINE; NITRIC OXIDE; NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE INHIBITOR; ORNITHINE ASPARTATE; PROSTAGLANDIN;

BRAIN EDEMA; BRAIN HYPOXIA; HUMAN; HYPERAMMONEMIA; HYPEREMIA; LIVER FAILURE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; VASODILATATION;

EID: 0032828311     PISSN: 01688278     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0168-8278(99)80361-4     Document Type: Review

References (55)

1. Schiodt FV, Atillasoy E, Shakil AO, Schiff ER, Caldwell C, Kowdley KV, et al. Etiology and outcome for 295 patients with acute liver failure in the United States. Liver Transpl Surg. 5:1999;29-34.
2. Blei AT. Cerebral edema and intracranial hypertension in acute liver failure: distinct aspects of the same problem. Hepatology. 13:1991;376-379.
3. Blei AT, Omary R, Butterworth RF. Animal models of hepatic encephalopathy. Boulton AA, Baker GB, Butterworth AF. Animal Models of Neurological Disease. 1992;183-222 Humana, Neuromethods Clifton.
4. Brusilow SW. Inborn errors of urea synthesis. Lloyd J, Scriver C. Genetic and Metabolic Disease in Pediatrics: 1985;140-165 Butterworths, London.
5. Takahashi H, Koehler RC, Bzrusilow SW, Traystman RJ. Inhibition of brain glutamine accumulation prevents cerebral edema in hyperammonemic rats. Am J Physiol. 261:1992;H825-H829.
6. Noreberg MD, Bender AS. Astrocyte swelling in liver failure: role of glutamine and benzodiazepines. Acta Neurochir. 60:((suppl)):1994;24-27.
7. Blei AT, Olafsson SM, Therrien G, Butterworth R. Ammoniainduced cerebral edema and intracranial hypertension in rats after portacaval anastomosis. Hepatology. 19:1994;1431-1434.
8. Larsen FS, Hansen BA, Pott F, Ejlersen E, Secher NH, Paulson OB, et al. Dissociated cerebral vasoparalysis in fulminant hepatic failure: a hypothesis of gradual cerebral hyperaemia. J Hepatol. 24:1996;145-154.
9. Larsen FS, Hansen BA, Ejlersen E, Knudsen GM, Tygstrup N, Secher NH. Functional loss of cerebral blood flow autoregulation in patients with fulminant hepatic failure. J Hepatol. 23:1995;212-217.
10. Strauss G, Hansen BA, Kirkegaard P, Rasmussen A, Hjortrup A, Larsen FS. Liver function, cerebral blood flow autoregulation and hepatic encephalopathy in fulminant hepatic failure. Hepatology. 25:1997;837-839.
11. Dempsey RJ, Kindt GW. Experimental acute hepatic encephalopathy: relationship of pathological cerebral vasodilation to increased intracranial pressure. Neurosurgery. 10:1982;737-741.
12. Aggarwal S, Kramer D, Yonas H, Obrist W, Kang Y, Martinn M, et al. Cerebral hemodynamic and metabolic changes in fulminant hepatic failure: a retrospective study. Hepatology. 19:1994;80-87.
13. Wendon JA, Harrison PM, Keays R, Williams R. Cerebral blood flow and metabolism in fulminant liver failure. Hepatology. 19:1994;1407-1413.
14. Cordoba J, Crespin J, Gottstein J, Blei AT. Mild hypothermia modifies ammonia-induced brain edema in rats after portacaval anastomosis. Gastroenterology. 116:1999;686-693.
15. Master S, Gottstein J, Blei AT. Changes of brain water and cerebral blood flow in a hyperammonenic model of brain edema. [abstract] Hepatology. 28:((suppl): 335A:):1998;689.
16. Magistretti PJ, Pellerin L, Rothman DL, Shulman RG. Energy on demand. Science. 283:((5401)):1999;496-497.
17. Butterworth RF. Hepatic encephalopathy and cerebral edema in acute liver failure: does glutamate play a role? Hepatology. 26:1997;1032-1034.
18. Paulson OB, Newman EA. Does the release of potassium from astrocyte endfeet regulate cerebral blood flow? Science. 237:1987;896-898.
19. Norenberg MD. Astrocyte-ammonia interactions in hepatic encephalopathy. Semin Liver Dis. 16:1996;245-253.
20. Martinez-Hernandez A, Bell KP, Norenberger MD. Glutamine synthetase: glial localization in brain. Science. 195:1977;1356-1385.
21. Swain MS, Blei AT, Butterworth RF, Kraig RP. Intracellular pH rises and astrocytes swell after portacaval anastomosis in rats. Am J Physiol. 261:((6 Pt 2)):1991;R1491-R1496.
22. Brusilow SW. Hepatic encephalopathy. N Engl J Med. 314:1986;786.
23. Lamar C, Sellinger OZ. The inhibition in vivo of cerebral glutamine synthetase and glutamine transferase by the convulsant methionine sulfoximine. Biochem Pharmacol. 14:1965;489-506.
24. Warren KS, Schencker S. Effect of an inhibitor of glutamine synthesis (methionine sulfoximine) on ammonia toxicity and metabolism. J Lab Clin Med. 64:1964;442-449.
25. Clemmesen JO, Larsen FS, Kondrup J, Hansen BA, Ott P. Cerebral herniation in patients with acute liver failure is correlated with arterial ammonia concentration. Hepatology. 29:1999;648-653.
26. Donovan JP, Schafer DF, Shaw BW Jr, Sorrell MF. Cerebral oedema and increased intracranial pressure in chronic liver disease. Lancet. 351:1998;719-721.
27. Haussinger D, Laubenberger J, vom Dahl S, Ernst T, Bayer S, Langer M, et al. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies on human brain myo-inositol in hypo-osmolarity and hepatic encephalopathy. Gastroenterology. 107:1994;1475-1480.
28. Cordoba J, Gottstein J, Blei AT. Glutamine, myo-Inositol, and organic brain osmolytes after partacaval anastomosis in the rat: implications for ammonia-induced brain edema. Hepatology. 24:1996;919-923.
29. Laursen H. Cerebral vessels and glial cells in liver disease. Acta Neurol Scand. 65:1982;381-412.
30. Ede RJ, Williams R. Hepatic encephalopathy and cerebral oedema. Semin Liver Dis. 6:1986;107-118.
31. Almdal T, Schroeder T, Ranek L. Cerebral blood flow and liver function in patients with encephalopathy due to acute and chronic liver diseases. Scand J Gastroenterol. 24:1989;299-303.
32. Roy CS, Sherrington MB. On the regulation of the blood supply of the brain. J Physiol. 11:1890;85-95.
33. Madsen PL, Holm S, Herning M, Lassen NA. Average blood flow and oxygen uptake in the human brain during resting wakefulness: a critical appraisal of the Kety-Schmidt technique. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 13:1993;646-655.
34. Larsen FS, Knudsen GM, Paulson OB, Vilstrup H. Cerebral blood flow autoregulation is absent in rats with thioacetamideinduced hepatic failure. J Hepatol. 21:1994;491-495.
35. Stanley NN, Salisbury BG, McHenry LCJ, Cherniack NS. Effect of liver failure in the response of ventilation and cerebral circulation to carbon dioxide in man and in the goat. Clin Sci Mol Med. 49:1975;157-169.
36. 2 reactivity in fulminant hepatic failure. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 15:1995;329-335.
37. Strauss G, Hansen BA, Knudsen GM, Larsen FS. Hyperventilation restores autoregulation in patients with acute liver failure. J Hepatol. 28:1997;199-203.
38. Livingstone AS, Potvine M, Goresky CA, Finlayson MH, Hinchey EJ. Changes in the blood-brain barrier in hepatic coma after hepatectomy in the rat. Gastroenterology. 73:1977;697-704.
39. Wilkinson SP, Arroyo V, Gazard BG, Moodie H, Williams R. Relation of renal impairment and haemorrhagic diathesis to endotoxaemia in fulminant hepatic failure. Gastroeneterology. 74:1978;859.
40. De-la-Mata M, Meager A, Rolando N, Daniels HM, Nouri-Aria KT, Goka AK, et al. Tumor necrosis factor production in fulminant hepatic failure: relation to aetiology and superimposed microbial infection. Clin Exp Immunol. 82:1990;479-484.
41. Schneider F, Lutun P, Boudjema K, Wolf P, Tempe JD. In vivo evidence of enhanced guanylyl cyclase activation during the hyperdynamic circulation of acute liver failure. Hepatology. 19:1994;38-44.
42. Guevara M, Bru C, Gines P, Fernandez-Esparrach G, Sort P, Bataller R, et al. Increased cerebrovascular resistance in cirrhotic patients with ascites. Hepatology. 28:1998;39-44.
43. Ringe B, Lubbe N, Kuse E, Frei U, Pichlmayr R. Total hepatectomy and liver transplantation as a two-stage procedure. Ann Surg. 218:1993;3-9.
44. Bismuth H, Samuel D, Castain D, Williams R, Pereira SP. Liver transplantation in Europe for patients with acute liver failure. Semin Liver Dis. 16:1996;415-425.
45. Matta BF, Stow PJ. Sepsis-induced vasoparalysis does not involve the cerebral vasculature: indirect evidence from autoregulation and carbon dioxide reactivity studies. Br J Anaesth. 76:1996;790-794.
46. Ames A, Wright RL, Kowada M, Thurston JM, Majno G. Cerebral ischemia. II. The no-reflow phenomenon. Am J Pathol. 52:1968;437-454.
47. Larsen FS. Cerebral circulation in liver failure. Semin Liver Dis. 16:1996;281-293.
48. Clemmesen JO, Hansen BA, Larsen FS. Indomethacin normalizes intracranial pressure in acute liver failure: a 23-year-old woman treated with indomethacin. Hepatology. 25:1997;1423-1426.
49. Vogels BA, Maas MA, Daalhuisen J, Quack G, Chamuleau RA. Memantine, a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist improves hyperammonemia-induced encephalopathy and acute hepatic encephalopathy in rats. Hepatology. 25:1997;820-827.
50. Knecht K, Michalak A, Rose C, Rothstein JD, Butterworth RF. Decreased glutamate transporter (GLT-1) expression in frontal cortex of rats with acute liver failure. Neurosci Lett. 229:(4):1997;201-203.
51. Yang S-T, Chang H-H. Nitric oxide of neuronal origin mediates NMDA-induced cerebral hyperemia in rats. NeuroReport. 9:1998;415-418.
52. Iadecola C, Pelligrino DA, Moskowitz MA, Lassen NA. Nitric oxide synthase inhibition and cerebrovascular regulation. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 14:1994;175-192.
53. Moore PK, Handy RLC. Selective inhibitors of neuronal nitric oxide synthase - is no NOS really good NOS for the nervous system? TIPS. 18:1997;204-211.
54. Rao VL, Audet RM, Butterworth RF. Increased neuronal nitric oxide synthase expression in brain following portacaval anastomosis. Brain Res. 765:1997;169-172.
55. Rose C, Michalak A, Pannunzio P, Therrien G, Quack G, Kircheis G, et al. L-ornithine-L-aspartate in experimental portal-systemic encephalopathy: therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of action. Metab Brain Dis. 13:1998;147-157.