Cerebral energy metabolism in Hepatic Encephalopathy and hyperammonemia

Metabolic Brain Disease

Volumn 16, Issue 1-2, 2001, Pages 67-78

  Rao, K V Rama ^a,b   Norenberg, M D ^a,b  

^a VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI MILLER SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Ammonia; Astrocytes; Energy metabolism; Hepatic encephalopathy; Mitochondrial permeability transition; Mitrochondria

Indexed keywords

AMMONIA; GLUCOSE; GLUTAMINE; NEUROTRANSMITTER;

ASTROCYTE; BRAIN FUNCTION; BRAIN METABOLISM; BRAIN MITOCHONDRION; CITRIC ACID CYCLE; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; ENERGY METABOLISM; GLYCOLYSIS; HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY; HUMAN; HYPERAMMONEMIA; LIVER DISEASE; MITOCHONDRIAL RESPIRATION; NEUROTRANSMISSION; NONHUMAN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; RESPIRATORY CHAIN; REVIEW;

BRAIN; ENERGY METABOLISM; HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY; HUMANS; HYPERAMMONEMIA;

EID: 0035165599     PISSN: 08857490     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1011666612822     Document Type: Review

References (100)

1. Activation of arginine metabolism to glutamate in rat brain synaptosomes in thioacetamide-induced hepatic encephalopathy: An adaptive response?
2. Hyperammonemia and chronic hepatic encephalopathy: An in vivo PMRS study of rat brain
3. Porta-caval anastomosis results in more severe neurological impairment and more widespread reductions in cerebral metabolism in old versus young adult rats: Implications for post-TIPS encephalopathy
4. Ammonia induces mitochondrial permeability transition in cultured astrocytes
5. Alterations of ammonia metabolism in cerebral cortex of rats with hepatic damage induced by carbon tetrachloride
6. Locations of amino acids in brain cortex slices from the rat. Tetrodotoxin-sensitive release of amino acids
7. The permeability transition pore. Control points of a cyclosporin A sensitive mitochondrial channel involved in celt death
8. The mitochondrial permeability transition
9. The cerebral and peripheral uptake of ammonia in liver disease with a hypothesis for mechanism of hepatic coma
10. The Krebs's cycle depletion theory of hepatic coma
11. Changes in brain metabolism during hyperammonemia and acute liver failure: Results of a comparative 1H-NMR spectroscopy and biochemical investigation
12. On glutaminase activity in mammalian synaptosomes
13. Pathophysiology of hepatic encephalopathy: The ammonia hypothesis revisited
14. Delayed induction of apoptosis by ammonia in C6 glioma cells
15. Cytochemical identification of cerebral glycogen and glucose-6-phosphatase activity under normal and experimental conditions. II. Choroid plexus and ependymal epithelia, endothelia and pericytes
16. Biochemistry and physiology of brain ammonia
17. 2+-dependent pore activated by oxidative stress in heart mitochondria
18. Brain glucose levels in porta-caval-shunted rats with chronic, moderate hyperammonemia: Implications for determination of local cerebral glucose utilization
19. Local cerebral glucose metabolism in rats with chronic porta-caval shunts
20. Cerebral cortex ammonia and glutamine metabolism during liver insufficiency-induced hyperammonemia in the rat
21. Action of ammonia on astrocyte glycogen and glycogenolysis
22. Aspartate aminotransferase, malate dehydrogenase and pyruvate dehydrogenase activities in rat cerebral synaptic and nonsynaptic mitochondria: Effects of in vitro treatment with ammonia, hyperammonemia and hepatic encephalopathy
23. Effect of ammonia and β-methylene aspartate on the oxidation of glucose and pyruvate by neurons and astrocytes in primary culture
24. Activities of glutamate-related enzymes in autopsied brain tissue from cirrhotic patients with hepatic encephalopathy
25. Morphologic effects of ammonia on primary astrocyte cultures. II. Electron microscopic studies
26. Effect of antioxidants on ammonia induced CNS-renal pathobiology in sheep
27. Mechanisms by which mitochondria transport calcium
28. Effect of ammonium chloride on energy metabolism of astrocytes and C-6 glioma cells in vitro
29. Regulation of glutamate biosynthesis and release in vitro by low levels of ammonium ions
30. Hyperammonemia does not impair brain function in the absence of net glutamine synthesis
31. Brain energy metabolism in hepatic encephalopathy
32. Changes in brain metabolism in hepatic encephalopathy
33. The acute action of ammonia on rat brain metabolism in vivo
34. Hepatic encephalopathy: An update of pathophysiologic mechanisms
35. Ammonia and manganese increase arginine uptake in cultured astrocytes
36. Nitric oxide, mitochondria and neurological disease
37. On mechanisms in hyperammonemic coma with particular reference to hepatic encephalopathy
38. Effect of sustained portal-systemic shunting on glycolytic and citric acid cycle intermediates in the rat brain
39. Effect of acute ammonia intoxication on cerebral metabolism in rats with porta-caval shunts
40. Cerebral effects of acute ammonia intoxication. II. The effect upon energy metabolism
41. The apoptosis-necrosis paradox. Apoptogenic proteases activated after mitochondrial permeability transition determine the mode of cell death
42. Mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I is a potential source of free radicals in the failing myocardium
43. Regulation of the urea cycle and TCA cycle by ammonia
44. Reversal of permeability transition during recovery of hearts from ischemia and its enhancement by pyruvate
45. Ammonium ingestion prevents depletion of hepatic energy metabolites induced by acute ammonium intoxication
46. Effects of acute hyperammonemia in vivo on oxidative metabolism in nonsynaptic rat brain mitochondria
47. Chronic hyperammonemia prevents changes in brain energy and ammonia metabolites induced by acute ammonium intoxication
48. +-ATPase
49. Superoxide production and antioxidant enzymes in ammonia intoxication in rats
50. Blocking NMDA receptors prevents the oxidative stress induced by acute ammonia intoxication
51. Nitro-arginine, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, prevents changes in superoxide radical and antioxidant enzymes induced by ammonia intoxication
52. The mitochondrial death/life regulator in apoptosis and necrosis
53. Brain α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex: Kinetic properties, regional distribution and effects of inhibitors
54. Differential effects of ammonia and β-methyleneaspartate on the inetabolism of glutamate and related amino acids by astrocytes and neurons in primary culture
55. Amino acid changes in autopsied brain tissue from cirrhotic patients with hepatic encephalopathy
56. Ammonia intoxication: Effects on cerebral cortex and spinal cord
57. Selective effects of ammonia on regional brain glucose metabolism
58. Effect of ammonia on brain energy metabolites: Dose-dependent alterations
59. Effect of acute ammonia eintoxication on energy stores in the cerebral reticular activation system
60. Ammonia toxicity and cerebral oxidative metabolism
61. Mitochondrial permeability transition and swelling can occur reversibly without inducing cell death in intact human cells
62. Current theories on the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy
63. The effect of ammonium ions upon isolated reactions of glycolytic scheme
64. Beta-oxidation of [1-14C]-palmitic acid by mouse astrocytes in primary culture. Effects of agents implicated in encephalopathy of Reye's syndrome
65. Pyruvate decarboxylation in astrocytes and neurons in primary cultures in the presence and absence of ammonia
66. Ammonia-induced free radical production in primary cultures of astrocytes
67. The astrocytes in liver disease
68. Role of astrocytes in hepatic encephalopathy
69. Glial glutamate transporter in hyperammonemia and hepatic encephalopathy: Relation to energy metabolism and glutamatergic neurotransmitter function
70. Acute liver failure and hyperammonemia increase neuronal nitric oxide synthase in mouse brain
71. Glutamate uptake into astrocytes stimulates aerobic glycolysis: Amechanism coupling neuronal activity to glucose utilization
72. The neurological complications of liver disease
73. Decreased brain cytochrome C oxidase activity in congenitally hyperammonemic spf mice: Effects of acetyl-L-camitine
74. Differential inhibition by hyperammonemia of the electron transport chain enzymes in synaptosomes and nonsynaptic mitochondria in ornithine transcarbamylase deficient spf-mice: Restoration by acetyl-L-camitine
75. Synaptic transmission in ammonia intoxication
76. Neuropathology of ammonia intoxication
77. 3H]-arginine uptake in brain following porta-caval anastomosis
78. 3H]-nitroarginine uptake into rat brain synaptosomes
79. Progressive decrease of cerebral cytochrome C oxidase activity in sparse-fur mice: Role of acetyl-L-carnitine in restoring ammonia-induced cerebral energy depletion
80. +-ATPase activities are increased in both congenital and acquired hyperammonemic syndromes
81. In vitro and in vivo effects of ammonia on glucose metabolism in the astrocytes of rat cerebral cortex
82. Response of rat cerebral glycolytic enzymes to hyperammonemic states
83. Activities of pyruvate dehydrogenase, enzymes of citric acid cycle, and aminotransferases in the subcellular fractions of cerebral cortex in normal and hyperammonemic rats
84. Response of rat cerebral glycolytic enzymes to hyperammonemia
85. Effect of congenital hyperammonemia on cerebral and hepatic levels of intermediates of energy metabolism in spf mice
86. Effect of sodium benzoate on the cerebral and hepatic energy metabolites in spf mice with congenital hyperammonemia
87. Regional amino acid neurotransmitter changes in brains of spf/Y mice with congenital ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency
88. Developmental deficiency of the cholinergic system in congenitally hyperammonemic spf mice: Effect of acetyl-L-carnitine
89. Acute effects of ammonia on the enzymes of citric acid cycle in rat brain
90. Neurochemistry of hepatic encephalopathy
91. Trafficking between glia and neurons of TCA cycle intermediates and related metabolites
92. Astrocyte-derived nitric oxide causes both reversible and irreversible damage to the neuronal mitochondrial respiratory chain
93. Some factors influencing cerebral oxidation in relation to hepatic coma
94. Physiological levels of ammonia regulate glutamine synthesis from extracellular glutamate in astrocyte cultures
95. Factors affecting the turnover of cerebral glycogen and limit dextrin in vivo
96. Cerebral blood flow and metabolism in fulminant hepatic failure
97. Mechanism of inhibitory action of ammonia on the respiration of rat-liver mitochondria
98. 14C-labelled glutamate in astrocytes in primary cultures
99. Ultrastructural responses of the astrocytes to porta-caval anastomosis in the rat
100. The mitochondrial permeability transition