Carbon monoxide and hypertension

Journal of Hypertension

Volumn 22, Issue 6, 2004, Pages 1057-1074

  Ndisang, Joseph F ^a   Tabien, Hortense E Nsoh ^a   Wang, Rui ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN   (Canada)

Author keywords

Carbon monoxide; Gasotransmitter; Haeme oxygenase; Hypertension; Vascular smooth muscle cells

Indexed keywords

20 HYDROXYICOSATETRAENOIC ACID; ACETYLCHOLINE; ARGININE; BILIVERDIN; CALCIUM CHANNEL; CARBON MONOXIDE; COBALT CHLORIDE; CYCLIC GMP; ENZYME INDUCING AGENT; GUANYLATE CYCLASE; HEME ARGINATE; HEME DERIVATIVE; HEME LYSINATE; HEME OXYGENASE; HEME OXYGENASE 1; HEME OXYGENASE 2; HEMIN; IRON; METALLOPORPHYRIN; N [4 [1 (3 AMINOPROPYL) 2 HYDROXY 2 NITROSOHYDRAZINO]BUTYL] 1,3 PROPANEDIAMINE; NICKEL CHLORIDE; NITRIC OXIDE; NITRIC OXIDE DONOR; POTASSIUM CHANNEL; RECOMBINANT PROTEIN; RUTHENIUM DERIVATIVE; TIN CHLORIDE; TRICARBONYLDICHLORORUTHENIUM; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

APOPTOSIS; BLOOD PRESSURE; BLOOD VESSEL WALL; CELL PROLIFERATION; DISEASE COURSE; DRUG HALF LIFE; ENZYME ACTIVITY; FATTY ACID METABOLISM; GENE DELIVERY SYSTEM; GENE VECTOR; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; MUSCLE CONTRACTILITY; NONHUMAN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; REVIEW; SMOOTH MUSCLE FIBER; SMOOTH MUSCLE RELAXATION; UPREGULATION; VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE; VASCULAR TISSUE; VASODILATATION;

EID: 2642537616     PISSN: 02636352     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00004872-200406000-00002     Document Type: Review

References (106)

1. Wang R. The gasotransmitter role of hydrogen sulfide. Antioxid Redox Signal 2003; 5:493-501.
2. Sylvester JT, McGowan C. The effects of agents that bind to cytochrome P-450 on hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. Circ Res 1978; 43:429-437.
3. Marks GS, Brien JF, Nakatsu K, McLaughlin BE. Does carbon monoxide have a physiological function? Trends Pharmacol Sci 1991; 12:185-188.
4. Wang R, Wu L. The chemical modification of KCa channels by carbon monoxide in vascular smooth muscle cells. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:8222-8226.
5. Wang R, Wu L, Wang Z. The direct effect of carbon monoxide on KCa channels in vascular smooth muscle cells. Pflugers Arch 1997; 434:285-291.
6. Quast U. Do the K+ channel openers relax smooth muscle by opening K+ channels? Trends Pharmacol Sci 1993; 14:332-337.
7. Ruetten H, Zabel U, Linz W, Schmidt HH. Downregulation of soluble guanylyl cyclase in young and aging spontaneously hypertensive rats. Circ Res 1999; 85:534-541.
8. Ndisang JF, Zhao W, Wang R. Selective regulation of blood pressure by heme oxygenase-1 in hypertension. Hypertension 2002; 40:315-321.
9. Johnson RA, Lavesa M, DeSeyn K, Scholer MJ, Nasjletti A. Heme oxygenase substrates acutely lower blood pressure in hypertensive rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 1996; 271:H1132-H1138.
10. Yang L, Quan S, Abraham NG. Heme oxygenase gene transfer promotes body growth and normalizes blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats without affecting Sprague - Dawley rats. In: Abraham NG, Alam J, Nath K (editors): Heme oxygenase in biology and medicine. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2002; pp. 481-494.
11. Sabaawy HE, Zhang F, Nguyen X, ElHosseiny A, Nasjletti A, Schwartzman M, et al. Human heme oxygenase-1 gene transfer lowers blood pressure and promotes growth in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension 2001; 38:210-215.
12. Wang R. Resurgence of carbon monoxide: an endogenous gaseous vasorelaxing factor. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1998; 76:1-15.
13. Maines MD. The heme oxygenase system: a regulator of second messenger gases. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 1997; 37:517-554.
14. Abraham NG, Alam J, Nath K (editors). Heme oxygenase in biology and medicine. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2002.
15. Wang R (editor). Carbon monoxide and cardiovascular functions. Boca Raton: CPC Press; 2002.
16. Wang R, Wang Z, Wu L. Carbon monoxide-induced vasorelaxation and the underlying mechanisms. Br J Pharmacol 1997; 121:927-934.
17. Coceani F, Kelsey L, Seidlitz E. Occurrence of endothelium-derived relaxing factor-nitric oxide in the lamb ductus arteriosus. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1994; 72:82-88.
18. Vedernikov YP, Graser T, Vanin AF. Similar endothelium-independent arterial relaxation by carbon monoxide and nitric oxide. Biomed Biochim Acta 1989; 48:601-603.
19. Lin H, McGrath JJ. Vasodilating effects of carbon monoxide. Drug Chem Toxicol 1988; 11:371-385.
20. Brian JE Jr, Heistad DD, Faraci FM. Effect of carbon monoxide on rabbit cerebral arteries. Stroke 1994; 25:639-643; discussion 643-644.
21. Furchgott RF, Jothianandan D. Endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilation involving cyclic GMP: relaxation induced by nitric oxide, carbon monoxide and light. Blood Vessels 1991; 28:52-61.
22. Longo M, Jain V, Vedernikov YP, Saade GR, Goodrum L, Facchinetti F, Garfield RE. Effect of nitric oxide and carbon monoxide on uterine contractility during human and rat pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999; 181:981-988.
23. McGrath JJ, Smith DL. Response of rat coronary circulation to carbon monoxide and nitrogen hypoxia. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1984; 177:132-136.
24. Gagov H, Kadinov B, Hristov K, Boev K, Itzev D, Bolton T, Duridanova D. Role of constitutively expressed heme oxygenase-2 in the regulation of guinea pig coronary artery tone. Pflugers Arch 2003; 446:412-421.
25. Graser T, Vedernikov YP, Li DS. Study on the mechanism of carbon monoxide induced endothelium-independent relaxation in porcine coronary artery and vein. Biomed Biochim Acta 1990; 49:293-296.
26. Werkstrom V, Ny L, Persson K, Andersson KE. Carbon monoxide-induced relaxation and distribution of haem oxygenase isoenzymes in the pig urethra and lower oesophagogastric junction. Br J Pharmacol 1997; 120:312-318.
27. Johnson FK, Johnson RA. Carbon monoxide promotes endothelium-dependent constriction of isolated gracilis muscle arterioles. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2003; 285:R536-R541.
28. Kozma F, Johnson RA, Zhang F, Yu C, Tong X, Nasjletti A. Contribution of endogenous carbon monoxide to regulation of diameter in resistance vessels. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 1999; 276:R1087-R1094.
29. Pannen BH, Bauer M. Differential regulation of hepatic arterial and portal venous vascular resistance by nitric oxide and carbon monoxide in rats. Life Sci 1998; 62:2025-2033.
30. Villamor E, Perez-Vizcaino F, Cogolludo AL, Conde-Oviedo J, Zaragoza-Arnaez F, Lopez-Lopez JG, Tamargo J. Relaxant effects of carbon monoxide compared with nitric oxide in pulmonary and systemic vessels of newborn piglets. Pediatr Res 2000; 48:546-553.
31. Leffler CW, Nasjletti A, Yu C, Johnson RA, Fedinec AL, Walker N. Carbon monoxide and cerebral microvascular tone in newborn pigs. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 1999; 276:H1641-H1646.
32. Steinhorn RH, Morin FC 3rd, Russell JA. The adventitia may be a barrier specific to nitric oxide in rabbit pulmonary artery. J Clin Invest 1994; 94:1883-1888.
33. Thorup C, Jones CL, Gross SS, Moore LC, Goligorsky MS. Carbon monoxide induces vasodilation and nitric oxide release but suppresses endothelial NOS. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 1999; 277:F882-F889.
34. Sammut IA, Foresti R, Clark JE, Exon DJ, Vesely MJ, Sarathchandra P, et al. Carbon monoxide is a major contributor to the regulation of vascular tone in aortas expressing high levels of haeme oxygenase-1. Br J Pharmacol 1998; 125:1437-1444.
35. Zakhary R, Gaine SP, Dinerman JL, Ruat M, Flavahan NA, Snyder SH. Heme oxygenase 2: endothelial and neuronal localization and role in endothelium-dependent relaxation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996; 93:795-798.
36. Caudill TK, Resta TC, Kanagy NL, Walker BR. Role of endothelial carbon monoxide in attenuated vasoreactivity following chronic hypoxia. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 1998; 275:R1025-R1030.
37. Motterlini R, Foresti R, Bassi R, Calabrese V, Clark JE, Green CJ. Endothelial heme oxygenase-1 induction by hypoxia. Modulation by inducible nitric-oxide synthase and S-nitrosothiols. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:13613-13620.
38. Hartsfield CL, Alam J, Cook JL, Choi AM. Regulation of heme oxygenase-1 gene expression in vascular smooth muscle cells by nitric oxide. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 1997; 273:L980-L988.
39. Buckley BJ, Marshall ZM, Whorton AR. Nitric oxide stimulates Nrf2 nuclear translocation in vascular endothelium. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 307:973-979.
40. Ushiyama M, Morita T, Katayama S. Carbon monoxide regulates blood pressure cooperatively with nitric oxide in hypertensive rats. Heart Vessels 2002; 16:189-195.
41. Kozma F, Johnson RA, Nasjletti A. Role of carbon monoxide in heme-induced vasodilation. Eur J Pharmacol 1997; 323:R1-R2.
42. Rodriguez F, Zhang F, Dinocca S, Nasjletti A. Nitric oxide synthesis influences the renal vascular response to heme oxygenase inhibition. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2003; 284:F1255-F1262.
43. Imai T, Morita T, Shindo T, Nagai R, Yazaki Y, Kurihara H, et al. Vascular smooth muscle cell-directed overexpression of heme oxygenase-1 elevates blood pressure through attenuation of nitric oxide-induced vasodilation in mice. Circ Res 2001; 89:55-62.
44. Aikawa R, Komuro I, Yamazaki T, Zou Y, Kudoh S, Tanaka M, et al. Oxidative stress activates extracellular signal-regulated kinases through Src and Ras in cultured cardiac myocytes of neonatal rats. J Clin Invest 1997; 100:1813-1821.
45. Xue L, Farrugia G, Miller SM, Ferris CD, Snyder SH, Szurszewski JH. Carbon monoxide and nitric oxide as coneurotransmitters in the enteric nervous system: evidence from genomic deletion of biosynthetic enzymes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000; 97:1851-1855.
46. Wu L, Cao K, Lu Y, Wang R. Different mechanisms underlying the stimulation of K(Ca) channels by nitric oxide and carbon monoxide. J Clin Invest 2002; 110:691-700.
47. Lucas KA, Pitari GM, Kazerounian S, Ruiz-Stewart I, Park J, Schulz S, et al. Guanylyl cyclases and signaling by cyclic GMP. Pharmacol Rev 2000; 52:375-414.
48. Stamler JS, Piantadosi CA. O=O NO: it's CO. J Clin Invest 1996; 97:2165-2166.
49. Baum M, Schiff E, Kreiser D, Dennery PA, Stevenson DK, Rosenthal T, Seidman DS. End-tidal carbon monoxide measurements in women with pregnancy-induced hypertension and preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000; 183:900-903.
50. Allen RT, Hunter WJ 3rd, Agrawal DK. Morphological and biochemical characterization and analysis of apoptosis. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 1997; 37:215-228.
51. Haunstetter A, Izumo S. Apoptosis: basic mechanisms and implications for cardiovascular disease. Circ Res 1998; 82:1111-1129.
52. Kim S, Iwao H. Stress and vascular responses: mitogen-activated protein kinases and activator protein-1 as promising therapeutic targets of vascular remodeling. J Pharmacol Set 2003; 91:177-181.
53. Gobe G, Browning J, Howard T, Hogg N, Winterford C, Cross R. Apoptosis occurs in endothelial cells during hypertension-induced microvascular rarefaction. J Struct Biol 1997; 118:63-72.
54. Tuder RM, Cool CD, Yeager M, Taraseviciene-Stewart L, Bull TM, Voelkel NF. The pathobiology of pulmonary hypertension. Endothelium. Clin Chest Med 2001; 22:405-418.
55. Ito S, Nara Y, Yamori Y. Distinction of endothelial cell growth and fibrinolytic activity between WKY/Izm and SHRSP/Izm in vitro. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Suppl 1995; 22:S273-S274.
56. Brouard S, Otterbein LE, Anrather J, Tobiasch E, Bach FH, Choi AM, Soares MP. Carbon monoxide generated by heme oxygenase 1 suppresses endothelial cell apoptosis. J Exp Med 2000; 192:1015-1026.
57. Zhang X, Shan P, Otterbein LE, Alam J, Flavell RA, Davis RJ, et al. Carbon monoxide inhibition of apoptosis during ischemia-reperfusion lung injury is dependent on the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and involves caspase 3. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:1248-1258.
58. Thom SR, Fisher D, Xu YA, Notarfrancesco K, Ischiropoulos H. Adaptive responses and apoptosis in endothelial cells exposed to carbon monoxide. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000; 97:1305-1310.
59. Liu XM, Chapman GB, Peyton KJ, Schafer AI, Durante W. Carbon monoxide inhibits apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells. Cardiovasc Res 2002; 55:396-405.
60. Liu XM, Chapman GB, Peyton KJ, Schafer AI, Durante W. Antiapoptotic action of carbon monoxide on cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. Exp Biol Med 2003; 228:572-575.
61. Durante W. Carbon monoxide and bile pigments: surprising mediators of vascular function. Vasc Med 2002; 7:195-202.
62. Liu XM, Chapman GB, Wang H, Durante W. Adenovirus-mediated heme oxygenase-1 gene expression stimulates apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells. Circulation 2002; 105:79-84.
63. Johnson RA, Lavesa M, Askari B, Abraham NG, Nasjletti A. A heme oxygenase product, presumably carbon monoxide, mediates a vasodepressor function in rats. Hypertension 1995; 25:166-169.
64. Johnson RA, Johnson FK. The heme-heme oxygenase-carbon monoxide system and hypertension. In: Wang R (editor): Carbon monoxide and cardiovascular functions. Boca Raton: CPC Press; 2002, pp. 149-163.
65. Johnson FK, Durante W, Peyton KJ, Johnson RA. Heme oxygenase inhibitor restores arteriolar nitric oxide function in Dahl rats. Hypertension 2003; 41:149-155.
66. Sacerdoti D, Escalante B, Abraham NG, McGiff JC, Levere RD, Schwartzman ML. Treatment with tin prevents the development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Science 1989; 243:388-390.
67. Ndisang JF, Wang R. Age-related alterations in soluble guanylyl cyclase and cGMP pathway in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Hypertens 2003; 21:1117-1124.
68. Ndisang JF, Wang R. Alterations in heme oxygenase/carbon monoxide system in pulmonary arteries in hypertension. Exp Biol Med 2003; 228:557-563.
69. Ndisang JF, Wu L, Zhao W, Wang R. Induction of heme oxygenase-1 and stimulation of cGMP production by hemin in aortic tissues from hypertensive rats. Blood 2003; 101:3893-3900.
70. Kojda G, Kottenberg K, Hacker A, Noack E. Alterations of the vascular and the myocardial guanylate cyclase/cGMP-system induced by long-term hypertension in rats. Pharm Acta Helv 1998; 73:27-35.
71. Papapetropoulos A, Marczin N, Mora G, Milici A, Murad F, Catravas JD. Regulation of vascular smooth muscle soluble guanylate cyclase activity, mRNA, and protein levels by cAMP-elevating agents. Hypertension 1995; 26:696-704.
72. Kloss S, Bouloumie A, Mulsch A. Aging and chronic hypertension decrease expression of rat aortic soluble guanylyl cyclase. Hypertension 2000; 35:43-47.
73. Solari V, Piotrowska AP, Puri P. Expression of heme oxygenase-1 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the lung of newborns with congenital diaphragmatic hernia and persistent pulmonary hypertension. J Pediatr Surg 2003; 38:808-813.
74. Liu Y, Pleyte K, Knaus HG, Rusch NJ. Increased expression of Ca2+-sensitive K+ channels in aorta of hypertensive rats. Hypertension 1997; 30:1403-1409.
75. Liu Y, Hudetz AG, Knaus HG, Rusch NJ. Increased expression of Ca2+-sensitive K+ channels in the cerebral microcirculation of genetically hypertensive rats: evidence for their protection against cerebral vasospasm. Circ Res 1998; 82:729-737.
76. Cox DA, Cohen ML. Effects of oxidized low-density lipoprotein on vascular contraction and relaxation: clinical and pharmacological implications in atherosclerosis. Pharmacol Rev 1996; 48:3-19.
77. England SK, Wooldridge TA, Stekiel WJ, Rusch NJ. Enhanced single-channel K+ current in arterial membranes from genetically hypertensive rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 1993; 264:H1337-H1345.
78. Jaggar JH, Leffler CW, Cheranov SY, Tcheranova D, Shuyu E, Cheng X. Carbon monoxide dilates cerebral arterioles by enhancing the coupling of Ca2+ sparks to Ca2+-activated K+ channels. Circ Res 2002; 91:610-617.
79. Bae YM, Park MK, Lee SH, Ho WK, Earm YE. Contribution of Ca2+-activated K+ channels and non-selective cation channels to membrane potential of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells of the rabbit. J Physiol 1999; 514:747-758.
80. Dubuis E, Gautier M, Melin A, Rebocho M, Girardin C, Bonnet P, Vandier C. Chronic carbon monoxide enhanced IbTx-sensitive currents in rat resistance pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2002; 283:L120-L129.
81. Zhang F, Kaide J, Wei Y, Jiang H, Yu C, Balazy M, et al. Carbon monoxide produced by isolated arterioles attenuates pressure-induced vasoconstriction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2001; 281:H350-H358.
82. Maier KG, Roman RJ. Cytochrome P450 metabolites of arachidonic acid in the control of renal function. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2001; 10:81-7.
83. Sun CW, Alonso-Galicia M, Taheri MR, Falck JR, Harder DR, Roman RJ. Nitric oxide-20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid interaction in the regulation of K+ channel activity and vascular tone in renal arterioles. Circ Res 1998; 83:1069-1079.
84. Roman RJ. P-450 metabolites of arachidonic acid in the control of cardiovascular function. Physiol Rev 2002; 82:131-185.
85. Abraham NG, Botros FT, Rezzani R, Rodella L, Bianchi R, Goodman AI. Differential effect of cobalt protoporphyrin on distributions of heme oxygenase in renal structure and on blood pressure in SHR. Cell Mol Biol 2002; 48:895-902.
86. Botros FT, Laniado-Schwartzman M, Abraham NG. Regulation of cyclooxygenase- and cytochrome p450-derived eicosanoids by heme oxygenase in the rat kidney. Hypertension 2002; 39:639-644.
87. Christova T, Diankova Z, Setchenska M. Heme oxygenase-carbon monoxide signalling pathway as a physiological regulator of vascular smooth muscle cells. Acta Physiol Pharmacol Bulg 2000; 25:9-17.
88. Kaide JI, Zhang F, Wei Y, Jiang H, Yu C, Wang WH, et al. Carbon monoxide of vascular origin attenuates the sensitivity of renal arterial vessels to vasoconstrictors. J Clin Invest 2001; 107:1163-1171.
89. Da Silva JL, Tiefenthaler M, Park E, Escalante B, Schwartzman ML, Levere RD, Abraham NG. Tin-mediated heme oxygenase gene activation and cytochrome P450 arachidonate hydroxylase inhibition in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Am J Med Sci 1994; 307:173-181.
90. Escalante B, Sacerdoti D, Davidian MM, Laniado-Schwartzman M, McGiff JC. Chronic treatment with tin normalizes blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension 1991; 17:776-779.
91. Laniado-Schwartzman M, Abraham NG, Sacerdoti D, Escalante B, McGiff JC. Effect of acute and chronic treatment of tin on blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Tohoku J Exp Med 1992; 166:85-91.
92. Levere RD, Martasek P, Escalante B, Schwartzman ML, Abraham NG. Effect of heme arginate administration on blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Clin Invest 1990; 86:213-219.
93. Christou H, Morita T, Hsieh CM, Koike H, Arkonac B, Perrella MA, Kourembanas S. Prevention of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension by enhancement of endogenous heme oxygenase-1 in the rat. Circ Res 2000; 86:1224-1229.
94. Aizawa T, Ishizaka N, Taguchi J, Nagai R, Mori I, Tang SS, et al. Heme oxygenase-1 is upregulated in the kidney of angiotensin II-induced hypertensive rats: possible role in renoprotection. Hypertension 2000; 35:800-806.
95. Mustafa MR, Johns EJ. The role of haem oxygenase in renal vascular reactivity in normotensive and hypertensive rats. J Hypertens 2001; 19:1105-1111.
96. Motterlini R, Clark JE, Foresti R, Sarathchandra P, Mann BE, Green CJ. Carbon monoxide-releasing molecules: characterization of biochemical and vascular activities. Circ Res 2002; 90:E17-E24.
97. Sellers KW, Katovich MJ, Gelband CH, Raizada MK. Gene therapy to control hypertension: current studies and future perspectives. Am J Med Sci 2001; 322:1-6.
98. Yang H, Francis SC, Sellers K, DeBarros M, Sun C, Sumners C, et al. Hypertension-linked decrease in the expression of brain gamma-adducin. Circ Res 2002; 91:633-639.
99. Zhong J, Eliceiri B, Stupack D, Penta K, Sakamoto G, Quertermous T, et al. Neovascularization of ischemic tissues by gene delivery of the extracellular matrix protein Del-1. J Clin Invest 2003; 112:30-41.
100. Vreman HJ, Ekstrand BC, Stevenson DK. Selection of metalloporphyrin heme oxygenase inhibitors based on potency and photoreactivity. Pediatr Res 1993; 33:195-200.
101. Motterlini R, Gonzales A, Foresti R, Clark JE, Green CJ, Winslow RM. Heme oxygenase-1-derived carbon monoxide contributes to the suppression of acute hypertensive responses in vivo. Circ Res 1998; 83:568-577.
102. Luo D, Vincent SR. Metalloporphyrins inhibit nitric oxide-dependent cGMP formation in vivo. Eur J Pharmacol 1994; 267:263-267.
103. Grundemar L, Ny L. Pitfalls using metalloporphyrins in carbon monoxide research. Trends Pharmacol Sci 1997; 18:193-195.
104. Ny L, Andersson KE, Grundemar L. Inhibition by zinc protoporphyrin-IX of receptor-mediated relaxation of the rat aorta in a manner distinct from inhibition of haem oxygenase. Br J Pharmacol 1995; 115:186-190.
105. Marks GS. Heme oxygenase: the physiological role of one of its metabolites, carbon monoxide and interactions with zinc protoporphyrin, cobalt protoporphyrin and other metalloporphyrins. Cell Mol Biol 1994; 40:863-870.
106. Wu L, Juurlink BH. Increased methylglyoxal and oxidative stress in hypertensive rat vascular smooth muscle cells. Hypertension 2002; 39:809-814.