메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 33, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 27-44

Environmental causes: Viral causes

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HLA DR3 ANTIGEN; HLA DR4 ANTIGEN;

EID: 17444453128     PISSN: 08898529     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2003.12.004     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (27)

References (117)
  • 1
    • 0027213675 scopus 로고
    • Diabetes mellitus due to viruses-some recent developments
    • Szopa T.M., Titchener P.A., Portwood N.D., Taylor K.W. Diabetes mellitus due to viruses-some recent developments. Diabetologia. 36:(8):1993;687-695.
    • (1993) Diabetologia , vol.36 , Issue.8 , pp. 687-695
    • Szopa, T.M.1    Titchener, P.A.2    Portwood, N.D.3    Taylor, K.W.4
  • 2
    • 0036034940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of viruses in human diabetes
    • Hyöty H., Taylor K. The role of viruses in human diabetes. Diabetologia. 45:2002;1353-1361.
    • (2002) Diabetologia , vol.45 , pp. 1353-1361
    • Hyöty, H.1    Taylor, K.2
  • 3
    • 0037105689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human leukocyte antigen-B8-DR3 is a more important risk factor for severe Puumala hantavirus infection than the tumor necrosis factor-alpha(-308) G/A polymorphism
    • Makela S., Mustonen J., Ala-Houhala I., Hurme M., Partanen J., Vapalahti O., et al. Human leukocyte antigen-B8-DR3 is a more important risk factor for severe Puumala hantavirus infection than the tumor necrosis factor-alpha(-308) G/A polymorphism. J Infect Dis. 186:(6):2002;843-846.
    • (2002) J Infect Dis , vol.186 , Issue.6 , pp. 843-846
    • Makela, S.1    Mustonen, J.2    Ala-Houhala, I.3    Hurme, M.4    Partanen, J.5    Vapalahti, O.6
  • 4
    • 0035873546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Host determinants in HIV infection and disease: Part 2: Genetic factors and implications for antiretroviral therapeutics
    • Hogan C.M., Hammer S.M. Host determinants in HIV infection and disease Part 2: genetic factors and implications for antiretroviral therapeutics. Ann Intern Med. 134:(10):2001;978-996.
    • (2001) Ann Intern Med , vol.134 , Issue.10 , pp. 978-996
    • Hogan, C.M.1    Hammer, S.M.2
  • 5
    • 0034886611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymorphisms in HLA class I genes associated with both favorable prognosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 infection and positive cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses to ALVAC-HIV recombinant canarypox vaccines
    • Kaslow R.A., Rivers C., Tang J., Bender T.J., Goepfert P.A., El Habib R., et al. Polymorphisms in HLA class I genes associated with both favorable prognosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 infection and positive cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses to ALVAC-HIV recombinant canarypox vaccines. J Virol. 75:(18):2001;8681-8689.
    • (2001) J Virol , vol.75 , Issue.18 , pp. 8681-8689
    • Kaslow, R.A.1    Rivers, C.2    Tang, J.3    Bender, T.J.4    Goepfert, P.A.5    El Habib, R.6
  • 6
    • 0034864360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The natural course of hepatitis C virus infection after 22 years in a unique homogenous cohort: Spontaneous viral clearance and chronic HCV infection
    • Barrett S., Goh J., Coughlan B., Ryan E., Stewart S., Cockram A., et al. The natural course of hepatitis C virus infection after 22 years in a unique homogenous cohort: spontaneous viral clearance and chronic HCV infection. Gut. 49:(3):2001;423-430.
    • (2001) Gut , vol.49 , Issue.3 , pp. 423-430
    • Barrett, S.1    Goh, J.2    Coughlan, B.3    Ryan, E.4    Stewart, S.5    Cockram, A.6
  • 7
    • 0037132876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bias and causal associations in observational research
    • Grimes D.A., Schulz K.F. Bias and causal associations in observational research. Lancet. 359:(9302):2002;248-252.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.359 , Issue.9302 , pp. 248-252
    • Grimes, D.A.1    Schulz, K.F.2
  • 8
    • 0033913188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Looking back on "causal thinking in the health sciences."
    • Kaufman J.S., Poole C. Looking back on "causal thinking in the health sciences." Annu Rev Public Health. 21:2000;101-119.
    • (2000) Annu Rev Public Health , vol.21 , pp. 101-119
    • Kaufman, J.S.1    Poole, C.2
  • 9
    • 0033923826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interpreting epidemiological evidence: How meta-analysis and causal inference methods are related
    • Weed D.L. Interpreting epidemiological evidence: how meta-analysis and causal inference methods are related. Int J Epidemiol. 29:(3):2000;387-390.
    • (2000) Int J Epidemiol , vol.29 , Issue.3 , pp. 387-390
    • Weed, D.L.1
  • 10
    • 0037217057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new look at viruses in type 1 diabetes
    • Jun H.S., Yoon J.W. A new look at viruses in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 19:(1):2003;8-31.
    • (2003) Diabetes Metab Res Rev , vol.19 , Issue.1 , pp. 8-31
    • Jun, H.S.1    Yoon, J.W.2
  • 13
    • 0014215262 scopus 로고
    • A twenty-five-year follow-up of congenital rubella
    • Menser M.A., Dods L., Harley J.D. A twenty-five-year follow-up of congenital rubella. Lancet. 2:(7530):1967;1347-1350.
    • (1967) Lancet , vol.2 , Issue.7530 , pp. 1347-1350
    • Menser, M.A.1    Dods, L.2    Harley, J.D.3
  • 14
  • 15
    • 0024249268 scopus 로고
    • Children at high risk of diabetes mellitus: New York studies of families with diabetes and of children with congenital rubella syndrome
    • McEvoy R.C., Fedun B., Cooper L.Z., Thomas N.M., Rudriguez de Cordoba S., Rubinstein P., et al. Children at high risk of diabetes mellitus: New York studies of families with diabetes and of children with congenital rubella syndrome. Adv Exp Med Biol. 246:1988;221-227.
    • (1988) Adv Exp Med Biol , vol.246 , pp. 221-227
    • McEvoy, R.C.1    Fedun, B.2    Cooper, L.Z.3    Thomas, N.M.4    Rudriguez De Cordoba, S.5    Rubinstein, P.6
  • 17
    • 0022812136 scopus 로고
    • Congenital rubella. Monoclonal antibody-defined T cell abnormalities in young adults
    • Rabinowe S.L., George K.L., Loughlin R., Soeldner J.S., Eisenbarth G.S. Congenital rubella. Monoclonal antibody-defined T cell abnormalities in young adults. Am J Med. 81:(5):1986;779-782.
    • (1986) Am J Med , vol.81 , Issue.5 , pp. 779-782
    • Rabinowe, S.L.1    George, K.L.2    Loughlin, R.3    Soeldner, J.S.4    Eisenbarth, G.S.5
  • 18
    • 0034124170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-reactive rubella virus and glutamic acid decarboxylase (65 and 67) protein determinants recognised by T cells of patients with type I diabetes mellitus
    • Ou D., Mitchell L.A., Metzger D.L., Gillam S., Tingle A.J. Cross-reactive rubella virus and glutamic acid decarboxylase (65 and 67) protein determinants recognised by T cells of patients with type I diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia. 43:(6):2000;750-762.
    • (2000) Diabetologia , vol.43 , Issue.6 , pp. 750-762
    • Ou, D.1    Mitchell, L.A.2    Metzger, D.L.3    Gillam, S.4    Tingle, A.J.5
  • 19
    • 0024600642 scopus 로고
    • Infection of cultured human fetal pancreatic islet cells by rubella virus
    • Numazaki K., Goldman H., Wong I., Wainberg M.A. Infection of cultured human fetal pancreatic islet cells by rubella virus. Am J Clin Pathol. 91:(4):1989;446-451.
    • (1989) Am J Clin Pathol , vol.91 , Issue.4 , pp. 446-451
    • Numazaki, K.1    Goldman, H.2    Wong, I.3    Wainberg, M.A.4
  • 20
    • 0025351760 scopus 로고
    • Infection by human cytomegalovirus and rubella virus of cultured human fetal islets of Langerhans
    • Numazaki K., Goldman H., Seemayer T.A., Wong I., Wainberg M.A. Infection by human cytomegalovirus and rubella virus of cultured human fetal islets of Langerhans. In Vivo. 4:(1):1990;49-54.
    • (1990) In Vivo , vol.4 , Issue.1 , pp. 49-54
    • Numazaki, K.1    Goldman, H.2    Seemayer, T.A.3    Wong, I.4    Wainberg, M.A.5
  • 21
    • 0023010603 scopus 로고
    • Rubella virus-induced diabetes in the hamster
    • Rayfield E.J., Kelly K.J., Yoon J.W. Rubella virus-induced diabetes in the hamster. Diabetes. 35:(11):1986;1278-1281.
    • (1986) Diabetes , vol.35 , Issue.11 , pp. 1278-1281
    • Rayfield, E.J.1    Kelly, K.J.2    Yoon, J.W.3
  • 22
    • 0017817291 scopus 로고
    • Rubella infection and diabetes mellitus
    • Menser M.A., Forrest J.M., Bransby R.D. Rubella infection and diabetes mellitus. Lancet. 1:(8055):1978;57-60.
    • (1978) Lancet , vol.1 , Issue.8055 , pp. 57-60
    • Menser, M.A.1    Forrest, J.M.2    Bransby, R.D.3
  • 24
    • 0014673591 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal incidence of diabetes mellitus
    • Gamble D.R., Taylor K.W. Seasonal incidence of diabetes mellitus. BMJ. 3:(671):1969;631-633.
    • (1969) BMJ , vol.3 , Issue.671 , pp. 631-633
    • Gamble, D.R.1    Taylor, K.W.2
  • 26
    • 0034764673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in the incidence of childhood-onset diabetes in Europe 1989-1998
    • Green A., Patterson C.C. Trends in the incidence of childhood-onset diabetes in Europe 1989-1998. Diabetologia. 44:(Suppl 3):2001;B3-B8.
    • (2001) Diabetologia , vol.44 , Issue.SUPPL. 3
    • Green, A.1    Patterson, C.C.2
  • 27
    • 17944381519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The first signs of beta-cell autoimmunity appear in infancy in genetically susceptible children from the general population: The Finnish Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention Study
    • Kimpimaki T., Kupila A., Hamalainen A.M., Kukko M., Kulmala P., Sarola K., et al. The first signs of beta-cell autoimmunity appear in infancy in genetically susceptible children from the general population: the Finnish Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention Study. J Clin Endoctinol Metab. 86:(10):2001;4782-4788.
    • (2001) J Clin Endoctinol Metab , vol.86 , Issue.10 , pp. 4782-4788
    • Kimpimaki, T.1    Kupila, A.2    Hamalainen, A.M.3    Kukko, M.4    Kulmala, P.5    Sarola, K.6
  • 28
    • 0035992822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enterovirus infections and type 1 diabetes
    • Hyöty H. Enterovirus infections and type 1 diabetes. Ann Med. 34:(3):2002;138-147.
    • (2002) Ann Med , vol.34 , Issue.3 , pp. 138-147
    • Hyöty, H.1
  • 29
    • 0031811531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus in identical infant twins with enterovirus infection
    • Smith C.P., Clements G.B., Riding M.H., Collins P., Bottazzo G.F., Taylor K.W. Simultaneous onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus in identical infant twins with enterovirus infection. Diabet Med. 15:(6):1998;515-517.
    • (1998) Diabet Med , vol.15 , Issue.6 , pp. 515-517
    • Smith, C.P.1    Clements, G.B.2    Riding, M.H.3    Collins, P.4    Bottazzo, G.F.5    Taylor, K.W.6
  • 30
    • 0034120066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased level of interferon-alpha in blood of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: Relationship with coxsackievirus B infection
    • Chehadeh W., Weill J., Vantyghem M.C., Alm G., Lefebvre J., Wattre P., et al. Increased level of interferon-alpha in blood of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: relationship with coxsackievirus B infection. J Infect Dis. 181:(6):2000;1929-1939.
    • (2000) J Infect Dis , vol.181 , Issue.6 , pp. 1929-1939
    • Chehadeh, W.1    Weill, J.2    Vantyghem, M.C.3    Alm, G.4    Lefebvre, J.5    Wattre, P.6
  • 31
    • 0026564673 scopus 로고
    • The possible role of Coxsackie a and echoviruses in the pathogenesis of type I diabetes mellitus studied by IgM analysis
    • Frisk G., Nilsson E., Tuvemo T., Friman G., Diderholm H. The possible role of Coxsackie A and echoviruses in the pathogenesis of type I diabetes mellitus studied by IgM analysis. J Infect. 24:(1):1992;13-22.
    • (1992) J Infect , vol.24 , Issue.1 , pp. 13-22
    • Frisk, G.1    Nilsson, E.2    Tuvemo, T.3    Friman, G.4    Diderholm, H.5
  • 32
    • 0033790965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neonatal Type I diabetes associated with maternal echovirus 6 infection: A case report
    • Otonkoski T., Roivainen M., Vaarala O., Dinesen B., Leipala J.A., Hovi T., et al. Neonatal Type I diabetes associated with maternal echovirus 6 infection: a case report. Diabetologia. 43:(10):2000;1235-1238.
    • (2000) Diabetologia , vol.43 , Issue.10 , pp. 1235-1238
    • Otonkoski, T.1    Roivainen, M.2    Vaarala, O.3    Dinesen, B.4    Leipala, J.A.5    Hovi, T.6
  • 33
    • 0034451294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute onset of type I diabetes mellitus after severe echovirus 9 infection: Putative pathogenic pathways
    • Vreugdenhil G.R., Schloot N.C., Hoorens A., Rongen C., Pipeleers D.G., Melchers W.J., et al. Acute onset of type I diabetes mellitus after severe echovirus 9 infection: putative pathogenic pathways. Clin Infect Dis. 31:(4):2000;1025-1031.
    • (2000) Clin Infect Dis , vol.31 , Issue.4 , pp. 1025-1031
    • Vreugdenhil, G.R.1    Schloot, N.C.2    Hoorens, A.3    Rongen, C.4    Pipeleers, D.G.5    Melchers, W.J.6
  • 35
    • 0142029957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Type 1 diabetes islet associated antibodies in subjects infected by echovirus 16
    • Cabrera-Rode E., Sarmiento L., Tiberti C., Molina G., Barrios J., Hernandez D., et al. Type 1 diabetes islet associated antibodies in subjects infected by echovirus 16. Diabetologia. 46:(10):2003;1348-1353.
    • (2003) Diabetologia , vol.46 , Issue.10 , pp. 1348-1353
    • Cabrera-Rode, E.1    Sarmiento, L.2    Tiberti, C.3    Molina, G.4    Barrios, J.5    Hernandez, D.6
  • 37
    • 0018799757 scopus 로고
    • Isolation of a virus from the pancreas of a child with diabetic ketoacidosis
    • Yoon J.W., Austin M., Onodera T., Notkins A.L. Isolation of a virus from the pancreas of a child with diabetic ketoacidosis. N Engl J Med. 300:(21):1979;1173-1179.
    • (1979) N Engl J Med , vol.300 , Issue.21 , pp. 1173-1179
    • Yoon, J.W.1    Austin, M.2    Onodera, T.3    Notkins, A.L.4
  • 38
    • 84924647424 scopus 로고
    • Fatal coxsackie B virus infections in the newborn. Report of case with necropsy findings and brief review of the literature
    • Sussman M.L., Strauss L., Hodes U.L. Fatal coxsackie B virus infections in the newborn. Report of case with necropsy findings and brief review of the literature. Am J Dis Child. 97:1959;483-492.
    • (1959) Am J Dis Child , vol.97 , pp. 483-492
    • Sussman, M.L.1    Strauss, L.2    Hodes, U.L.3
  • 39
    • 0019327043 scopus 로고
    • Pancreatic islet-cell damage in children with fatal viral infections
    • Jenson A.B., Rosenberg H.S., Notkins A.L. Pancreatic islet-cell damage in children with fatal viral infections. Lancet. 1:1980;354-358.
    • (1980) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 354-358
    • Jenson, A.B.1    Rosenberg, H.S.2    Notkins, A.L.3
  • 40
    • 0018884659 scopus 로고
    • Pancreatic islet cell damage. Its occurrence in neonatal coxsackievirus encephalomyocarditis
    • Ujevich M.M. Jr. Pancreatic islet cell damage. Its occurrence in neonatal coxsackievirus encephalomyocarditis. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 104:1980;438-441.
    • (1980) Arch Pathol Lab Med , vol.104 , pp. 438-441
    • Ujevich Jr., M.M.1
  • 41
    • 0019988450 scopus 로고
    • Pancreatic isleitis with coxsackievirus B5 infection
    • Ahmad N., Abraham A.A. Pancreatic isleitis with coxsackievirus B5 infection. Hum Pathol. 13:1982;661-662.
    • (1982) Hum Pathol , vol.13 , pp. 661-662
    • Ahmad, N.1    Abraham, A.A.2
  • 42
    • 0031033558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A search for evidence of viral infection in pancreases of newly diagnosed patients with IDDM
    • Foulis A.K., McGill M., Farquharson M.A., Hilton D.A. A search for evidence of viral infection in pancreases of newly diagnosed patients with IDDM. Diabetologia. 40:(1):1997;53-61.
    • (1997) Diabetologia , vol.40 , Issue.1 , pp. 53-61
    • Foulis, A.K.1    McGill, M.2    Farquharson, M.A.3    Hilton, D.A.4
  • 43
    • 0036263328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the T-cell response to coxsackievirus B4: Evidence that effector memory cells predominate in patients with type 1 diabetes
    • Varela-Calvino R., Ellis R., Sgarbi G., Dayan C.M., Peakman M. Characterization of the T-cell response to coxsackievirus B4: evidence that effector memory cells predominate in patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes. 51:(6):2002;1745-1753.
    • (2002) Diabetes , vol.51 , Issue.6 , pp. 1745-1753
    • Varela-Calvino, R.1    Ellis, R.2    Sgarbi, G.3    Dayan, C.M.4    Peakman, M.5
  • 44
    • 0033863109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T-cell responses to enterovirus antigens in children with type 1 diabetes
    • Juhela S., Hyoty H., Roivainen M., Harkonen T., Putto-Laurila A., Simell O., et al. T-cell responses to enterovirus antigens in children with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes. 49:(8):2000;1308-1313.
    • (2000) Diabetes , vol.49 , Issue.8 , pp. 1308-1313
    • Juhela, S.1    Hyoty, H.2    Roivainen, M.3    Harkonen, T.4    Putto-Laurila, A.5    Simell, O.6
  • 45
    • 0029959628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proliferative lymphocyte responses to virus antigens homologous to GAD65 in IDDM
    • Jones D.B., Crosby I. Proliferative lymphocyte responses to virus antigens homologous to GAD65 in IDDM. Diabetologia. 39:(11):1996;1318-1324.
    • (1996) Diabetologia , vol.39 , Issue.11 , pp. 1318-1324
    • Jones, D.B.1    Crosby, I.2
  • 46
    • 0344417015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T cell responses to enterovirus antigens and to beta-cell autoantigens in unaffected children positive for IDDM-associated autoantibodies
    • Juhela S., Hyoty H., Hinkkanen A., Elliott J., Roivainen M., Kulmala P., et al. T cell responses to enterovirus antigens and to beta-cell autoantigens in unaffected children positive for IDDM-associated autoantibodies. J Autoimmun. 12:(4):1999;269-278.
    • (1999) J Autoimmun , vol.12 , Issue.4 , pp. 269-278
    • Juhela, S.1    Hyoty, H.2    Hinkkanen, A.3    Elliott, J.4    Roivainen, M.5    Kulmala, P.6
  • 47
    • 0020056598 scopus 로고
    • Reduced Coxsackie antibody titres in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients presenting during an outbreak of Coxsackie B3 and B4 infection
    • Palmer J.P., Cooney M.K., Ward R.H., Hansen J.A., Brodsky J.B., Ray C.G., et al. Reduced Coxsackie antibody titres in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients presenting during an outbreak of Coxsackie B3 and B4 infection. Diabetologia. 22:(6):1982;426-429.
    • (1982) Diabetologia , vol.22 , Issue.6 , pp. 426-429
    • Palmer, J.P.1    Cooney, M.K.2    Ward, R.H.3    Hansen, J.A.4    Brodsky, J.B.5    Ray, C.G.6
  • 48
    • 0036326325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal first-trimester enterovirus infection and future risk of type 1 diabetes in the exposed fetus
    • Viskari H.R., Roivainen M., Reunanen A., Pitkaniemi J., Sadeharju K., Koskela P., et al. Maternal first-trimester enterovirus infection and future risk of type 1 diabetes in the exposed fetus. Diabetes. 51:(8):2002;2568-2571.
    • (2002) Diabetes , vol.51 , Issue.8 , pp. 2568-2571
    • Viskari, H.R.1    Roivainen, M.2    Reunanen, A.3    Pitkaniemi, J.4    Sadeharju, K.5    Koskela, P.6
  • 49
    • 0028919543 scopus 로고
    • Pathogenesis of virus-induced diabetes in mice
    • See D.M., Tilles J.G. Pathogenesis of virus-induced diabetes in mice. J Infect Dis. 171:(5):1995;1131-1138.
    • (1995) J Infect Dis , vol.171 , Issue.5 , pp. 1131-1138
    • See, D.M.1    Tilles, J.G.2
  • 50
    • 0345215155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Demonstration of persistent enterovirus in the pancreas of diabetic mice by in situ polymerase chain reaction
    • Berger M.M., See D.M., Aymard M., Lina B. Demonstration of persistent enterovirus in the pancreas of diabetic mice by in situ polymerase chain reaction. Clin Diagn Virol. 9:(2-3):1998;141-143.
    • (1998) Clin Diagn Virol , vol.9 , Issue.23 , pp. 141-143
    • Berger, M.M.1    See, D.M.2    Aymard, M.3    Lina, B.4
  • 51
    • 0023520177 scopus 로고
    • Immunoreactive alpha-interferon in insulin-secreting beta cells in type 1 diabetes mellitus
    • Foulis A.K., Farquharson M.A., Meager A. Immunoreactive alpha-interferon in insulin-secreting beta cells in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Lancet. 2:(8573):1987;1423-1427.
    • (1987) Lancet , vol.2 , Issue.8573 , pp. 1423-1427
    • Foulis, A.K.1    Farquharson, M.A.2    Meager, A.3
  • 52
    • 0025272727 scopus 로고
    • A search for the presence of the enteroviral capsid protein VP1 in pancreases of patients with type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes and pancreases and hearts of infants who died of coxsackieviral myocarditis
    • Foulis A.K., Farquharson M.A., Cameron S.O., McGill M., Schonke H., Kandolf R. A search for the presence of the enteroviral capsid protein VP1 in pancreases of patients with type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes and pancreases and hearts of infants who died of coxsackieviral myocarditis. Diabetologia. 33:(5):1990;290-298.
    • (1990) Diabetologia , vol.33 , Issue.5 , pp. 290-298
    • Foulis, A.K.1    Farquharson, M.A.2    Cameron, S.O.3    McGill, M.4    Schonke, H.5    Kandolf, R.6
  • 53
    • 0028278635 scopus 로고
    • Failure to detect genomic viral sequences in pancreatic tissues from two children with acute-onset diabetes mellitus
    • Buesa-Gomez J., de la Torre J.C., Dyrberg T., Landin-Olsson M., Mauseth R.S., Lernmark A., et al. Failure to detect genomic viral sequences in pancreatic tissues from two children with acute-onset diabetes mellitus. J Med Virol. 42:(2):1994;193-197.
    • (1994) J Med Virol , vol.42 , Issue.2 , pp. 193-197
    • Buesa-Gomez, J.1    De La Torre, J.C.2    Dyrberg, T.3    Landin-Olsson, M.4    Mauseth, R.S.5    Lernmark, A.6
  • 54
    • 0026575035 scopus 로고
    • Mumps virus infects beta cells in human fetal islet cell cultures upregulating the expression of HLA class I molecules
    • Parkkonen P., Hyöty H., Koskinen L., Leinikki P. Mumps virus infects beta cells in human fetal islet cell cultures upregulating the expression of HLA class I molecules. Diabetologia. 35:(1):1992;63-69.
    • (1992) Diabetologia , vol.35 , Issue.1 , pp. 63-69
    • Parkkonen, P.1    Hyöty, H.2    Koskinen, L.3    Leinikki, P.4
  • 55
    • 0034570449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tissue culture of isolated human pancreatic islets infected with different strains of coxsackievirus B4: Assessment of virus replication and effects on islet morphology and insulin release
    • Frisk G., Diderholm H. Tissue culture of isolated human pancreatic islets infected with different strains of coxsackievirus B4: assessment of virus replication and effects on islet morphology and insulin release. Int J Exp Diabetes Res. 1:(3):2000;165-175.
    • (2000) Int J Exp Diabetes Res , vol.1 , Issue.3 , pp. 165-175
    • Frisk, G.1    Diderholm, H.2
  • 57
    • 0021799839 scopus 로고
    • HLA-DR3 and -DR4 control T-lymphocyte responses to mumps and Coxsackie B4 virus: Studies on patients with type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes and healthy subjects
    • Bruserud O., Jervell J., Thorsby E. HLA-DR3 and -DR4 control T-lymphocyte responses to mumps and Coxsackie B4 virus: studies on patients with type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes and healthy subjects. Diabetologia. 28:(7):1985;420-426.
    • (1985) Diabetologia , vol.28 , Issue.7 , pp. 420-426
    • Bruserud, O.1    Jervell, J.2    Thorsby, E.3
  • 58
    • 0042378820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The HLA-DR phenotype modulates the humoral immune response to enterovirus antigens
    • Sadeharju K., Knip M., Hiltunen M., Akerblom H.K., Hyöty H. The HLA-DR phenotype modulates the humoral immune response to enterovirus antigens. Diabetologia. 46:(8):2003;1100-1105.
    • (2003) Diabetologia , vol.46 , Issue.8 , pp. 1100-1105
    • Sadeharju, K.1    Knip, M.2    Hiltunen, M.3    Akerblom, H.K.4    Hyöty, H.5
  • 60
    • 0028007192 scopus 로고
    • Cellular immunity to a determinant common to glutamate decarboxylase and coxsackie virus in insulin-dependent diabetes
    • Atkinson M.A., Bowman M.A., Campbell L., Darrow B.L., Kaufman D.L., Maclaren N.K. Cellular immunity to a determinant common to glutamate decarboxylase and coxsackie virus in insulin-dependent diabetes. J Clin Invest. 94:(5):1994;2125-2129.
    • (1994) J Clin Invest , vol.94 , Issue.5 , pp. 2125-2129
    • Atkinson, M.A.1    Bowman, M.A.2    Campbell, L.3    Darrow, B.L.4    Kaufman, D.L.5    MacLaren, N.K.6
  • 61
    • 0035947123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Responses of coxsackievirus B4-specific T-cell lines to 2C protein-characterization of epitopes with special reference to the GAD65 homology region
    • Marttila J., Juhela S., Vaarala O., Hyöty H., Roivainen M., Hinkkanen A., et al. Responses of coxsackievirus B4-specific T-cell lines to 2C protein-characterization of epitopes with special reference to the GAD65 homology region. Virology. 284:(1):2001;131-141.
    • (2001) Virology , vol.284 , Issue.1 , pp. 131-141
    • Marttila, J.1    Juhela, S.2    Vaarala, O.3    Hyöty, H.4    Roivainen, M.5    Hinkkanen, A.6
  • 62
    • 0035044922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular mimicry in type 1 diabetes mellitus revisited: T-cell clones to GAD65 peptides with sequence homology to Coxsackie or proinsulin peptides do not crossreact with homologous counterpart
    • Schloot N.C., Willemen S.J., Duinkerken G., Drijfhout J.W., de Vries R.R., Roep B.O. Molecular mimicry in type 1 diabetes mellitus revisited: T-cell clones to GAD65 peptides with sequence homology to Coxsackie or proinsulin peptides do not crossreact with homologous counterpart. Hum Immunol. 62:(4):2001;299-309.
    • (2001) Hum Immunol , vol.62 , Issue.4 , pp. 299-309
    • Schloot, N.C.1    Willemen, S.J.2    Duinkerken, G.3    Drijfhout, J.W.4    De Vries, R.R.5    Roep, B.O.6
  • 63
    • 0030022909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibody cross-reactivity induced by the homologous regions in glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) and 2C protein of coxsackievirus B4. Childhood Diabetes in Finland Study Group
    • Lonnrot M., Hyöty H., Knip M., Roivainen M., Kulmala P., Leinikki P., et al. Antibody cross-reactivity induced by the homologous regions in glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) and 2C protein of coxsackievirus B4. Childhood Diabetes in Finland Study Group. Clin Exp Immunol. 104:(3):1996;398-405.
    • (1996) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.104 , Issue.3 , pp. 398-405
    • Lonnrot, M.1    Hyöty, H.2    Knip, M.3    Roivainen, M.4    Kulmala, P.5    Leinikki, P.6
  • 64
    • 0036158287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enterovirus infection can induce immune responses that cross-react with beta-cell autoantigen tyrosine phosphatase IA-2/IAR
    • Harkonen T., Lankinen H., Davydova B., Hovi T., Roivainen M. Enterovirus infection can induce immune responses that cross-react with beta-cell autoantigen tyrosine phosphatase IA-2/IAR. J Med Virol. 66:(3):2002;340-350.
    • (2002) J Med Virol , vol.66 , Issue.3 , pp. 340-350
    • Harkonen, T.1    Lankinen, H.2    Davydova, B.3    Hovi, T.4    Roivainen, M.5
  • 65
  • 66
    • 0037360832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enterovirus infection may induce humoral immune response reacting with islet cell autoantigens in humans
    • Harkonen T., Paananen A., Lankinen H., Hovi T., Vaarala O., Roivainen M. Enterovirus infection may induce humoral immune response reacting with islet cell autoantigens in humans. J Med Virol. 69:(3):2003;426-440.
    • (2003) J Med Virol , vol.69 , Issue.3 , pp. 426-440
    • Harkonen, T.1    Paananen, A.2    Lankinen, H.3    Hovi, T.4    Vaarala, O.5    Roivainen, M.6
  • 67
    • 0034979274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Requirements for viral-mediated autoimmune diabetes: Beta-cell damage and immune infiltration
    • Horwitz M.S., Fine C., Ilic A., Sarvetnick N. Requirements for viral-mediated autoimmune diabetes: beta-cell damage and immune infiltration. J Autoimmun. 16:(3):2001;211-217.
    • (2001) J Autoimmun , vol.16 , Issue.3 , pp. 211-217
    • Horwitz, M.S.1    Fine, C.2    Ilic, A.3    Sarvetnick, N.4
  • 68
    • 0034083713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acceleration of type 1 diabetes by a coxsackievirus infection requires a preexisting critical mass of autoreactive T-cells in pancreatic islets
    • Serreze D.V., Ottendorfer E.W., Ellis T.M., Gauntt C.J., Atkinson M.A. Acceleration of type 1 diabetes by a coxsackievirus infection requires a preexisting critical mass of autoreactive T-cells in pancreatic islets. Diabetes. 49:(5):2000;708-711.
    • (2000) Diabetes , vol.49 , Issue.5 , pp. 708-711
    • Serreze, D.V.1    Ottendorfer, E.W.2    Ellis, T.M.3    Gauntt, C.J.4    Atkinson, M.A.5
  • 69
    • 0031874342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes induced by Coxsackie virus: Initiation by bystander damage and not molecular mimicry
    • Horwitz M.S., Bradley L.M., Harbertson J., Krahl T., Lee J., Sarvetnick N. Diabetes induced by Coxsackie virus: initiation by bystander damage and not molecular mimicry. Nat Med. 4:(7):1998;781-785.
    • (1998) Nat Med , vol.4 , Issue.7 , pp. 781-785
    • Horwitz, M.S.1    Bradley, L.M.2    Harbertson, J.3    Krahl, T.4    Lee, J.5    Sarvetnick, N.6
  • 70
    • 0036883660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complete nucleotide sequence of a Coxsackievirus B-4 strain capable of establishing persistent infection in human pancreatic islet cells: Effects on insulin release, proinsulin synthesis, and cell morphology
    • Yin H., Berg A.K., Westman J., Hellerstrom C., Frisk G. Complete nucleotide sequence of a Coxsackievirus B-4 strain capable of establishing persistent infection in human pancreatic islet cells: effects on insulin release, proinsulin synthesis, and cell morphology. J Med Virol. 68:(4):2002;544-557.
    • (2002) J Med Virol , vol.68 , Issue.4 , pp. 544-557
    • Yin, H.1    Berg, A.K.2    Westman, J.3    Hellerstrom, C.4    Frisk, G.5
  • 71
    • 0033779186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent infection of human pancreatic islets by coxsackievirus B is associated with alpha interferon synthesis in beta cells
    • Chehadeh W., Kerr-Conte J., Pattou F., Alm G., Lefebvre J., Wattre P., et al. Persistent infection of human pancreatic islets by coxsackievirus B is associated with alpha interferon synthesis in beta cells. J Virol. 74:(21):2000;10153-10164.
    • (2000) J Virol , vol.74 , Issue.21 , pp. 10153-10164
    • Chehadeh, W.1    Kerr-Conte, J.2    Pattou, F.3    Alm, G.4    Lefebvre, J.5    Wattre, P.6
  • 72
    • 0035988188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of coincident enterovirus infection and cows' milk exposure on immunisation to insulin in early infancy
    • Vaarala O., Klemetti P., Juhela S., Simell O., Hyöty H., Ilonen J. Effect of coincident enterovirus infection and cows' milk exposure on immunisation to insulin in early infancy. Diabetologia. 45:(4):2002;531-534.
    • (2002) Diabetologia , vol.45 , Issue.4 , pp. 531-534
    • Vaarala, O.1    Klemetti, P.2    Juhela, S.3    Simell, O.4    Hyöty, H.5    Ilonen, J.6
  • 73
    • 0033853920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between rotavirus infection and pancreatic islet autoimmunity in children at risk of developing type 1 diabetes
    • Honeyman M.C., Coulson B.S., Stone N.L., Gellert S.A., Goldwater P.N., Steele C.E., et al. Association between rotavirus infection and pancreatic islet autoimmunity in children at risk of developing type 1 diabetes. Diabetes. 49:(8):2000;1319-1324.
    • (2000) Diabetes , vol.49 , Issue.8 , pp. 1319-1324
    • Honeyman, M.C.1    Coulson, B.S.2    Stone, N.L.3    Gellert, S.A.4    Goldwater, P.N.5    Steele, C.E.6
  • 74
    • 0036277970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rotavirus infections and development of diabetes-associated autoantibodies during the first 2 years of life
    • Blomqvist M., Juhela S., Erkkila S., Korhonen S., Simell T., Kupila A., et al. Rotavirus infections and development of diabetes-associated autoantibodies during the first 2 years of life. Clin Exp Immunol. 128:(3):2002;511-515.
    • (2002) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.128 , Issue.3 , pp. 511-515
    • Blomqvist, M.1    Juhela, S.2    Erkkila, S.3    Korhonen, S.4    Simell, T.5    Kupila, A.6
  • 75
    • 0031823777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T-cell epitopes in type 1 diabetes autoantigen tyrosine phosphatase IA-2: Potential for mimicry with rotavirus and other environmental agents
    • Honeyman M.C., Stone N.L., Harrison L.C. T-cell epitopes in type 1 diabetes autoantigen tyrosine phosphatase IA-2: potential for mimicry with rotavirus and other environmental agents. Mol Med. 4:(4):1998;231-239.
    • (1998) Mol Med , vol.4 , Issue.4 , pp. 231-239
    • Honeyman, M.C.1    Stone, N.L.2    Harrison, L.C.3
  • 77
    • 0023916949 scopus 로고
    • Viral infection of human fetal islets of Langerhans. Replication of human cytomegalovirus in cultured human fetal pancreatic islets
    • Numazaki K., Goldman H., Wong I., Wainberg M.A. Viral infection of human fetal islets of Langerhans. Replication of human cytomegalovirus in cultured human fetal pancreatic islets. Am J Clin Pathol. 90:(1):1988;52-57.
    • (1988) Am J Clin Pathol , vol.90 , Issue.1 , pp. 52-57
    • Numazaki, K.1    Goldman, H.2    Wong, I.3    Wainberg, M.A.4
  • 78
    • 0029077520 scopus 로고
    • No detectable cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus genomes in the pancreas of recent-onset IDDM patients
    • Itoh N., Hanafusa T., Yamagata K., Nakajima H., Tomita K., Tamura S., et al. No detectable cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus genomes in the pancreas of recent-onset IDDM patients. Diabetologia. 38:(6):1995;667-671.
    • (1995) Diabetologia , vol.38 , Issue.6 , pp. 667-671
    • Itoh, N.1    Hanafusa, T.2    Yamagata, K.3    Nakajima, H.4    Tomita, K.5    Tamura, S.6
  • 79
    • 0028304746 scopus 로고
    • A search for candidate viruses in type 1 diabetic pancreas using the polymerase chain reaction
    • Foy C.A., Quirke P., Williams D.J., Lewis F.A., Grant P.J., Eglin R., et al. A search for candidate viruses in type 1 diabetic pancreas using the polymerase chain reaction. Diabet Med. 11:(6):1994;564-569.
    • (1994) Diabet Med , vol.11 , Issue.6 , pp. 564-569
    • Foy, C.A.1    Quirke, P.2    Williams, D.J.3    Lewis, F.A.4    Grant, P.J.5    Eglin, R.6
  • 80
    • 0025112775 scopus 로고
    • Detection of cytomegalovirus nucleic acid sequences in pancreas in type 2 diabetes
    • Lohr J.M., Oldstone M.B. Detection of cytomegalovirus nucleic acid sequences in pancreas in type 2 diabetes. Lancet. 336:(8716):1990;644-648.
    • (1990) Lancet , vol.336 , Issue.8716 , pp. 644-648
    • Lohr, J.M.1    Oldstone, M.B.2
  • 81
    • 0026466856 scopus 로고
    • Human cytomegalovirus in the pancreas of patients with type 2 diabetes: Is there a relation to clinical features, mRNA and protein expression of insulin, somatostatin, and MHC class II?
    • Lohr M., Bergstrome B., Maekawa R., Oldstone M.B., Kloppel G. Human cytomegalovirus in the pancreas of patients with type 2 diabetes: is there a relation to clinical features, mRNA and protein expression of insulin, somatostatin, and MHC class II? Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol. 421:(5):1992;371-378.
    • (1992) Virchows Arch a Pathol Anat Histopathol , vol.421 , Issue.5 , pp. 371-378
    • Lohr, M.1    Bergstrome, B.2    Maekawa, R.3    Oldstone, M.B.4    Kloppel, G.5
  • 82
    • 0026598895 scopus 로고
    • Failure to detect cytomegalovirus DNA in pancreas in type 2 diabetes
    • Hattersley A.T., Lo Y.M., Read S.J., Eglin R.P., Wainscoat J.S., Clark A. Failure to detect cytomegalovirus DNA in pancreas in type 2 diabetes. Lancet. 339:(8791):1992;459-460.
    • (1992) Lancet , vol.339 , Issue.8791 , pp. 459-460
    • Hattersley, A.T.1    Lo, Y.M.2    Read, S.J.3    Eglin, R.P.4    Wainscoat, J.S.5    Clark, A.6
  • 83
    • 0023950172 scopus 로고
    • Association of cytomegalovirus infection with autoimmune type 1 diabetes
    • Pak C.Y., Eun H.M., McArthur R.G., Yoon J.W. Association of cytomegalovirus infection with autoimmune type 1 diabetes. Lancet. 2:(8601):1988;1-4.
    • (1988) Lancet , vol.2 , Issue.8601 , pp. 1-4
    • Pak, C.Y.1    Eun, H.M.2    McArthur, R.G.3    Yoon, J.W.4
  • 84
    • 0028892666 scopus 로고
    • Detection of common viruses using the polymerase chain reaction to assess levels of viral presence in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients
    • Foy C.A., Quirke P., Lewis F.A., Futers T.S., Bodansky H.J. Detection of common viruses using the polymerase chain reaction to assess levels of viral presence in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. Diabet Med. 12:(11):1995;1002-1008.
    • (1995) Diabet Med , vol.12 , Issue.11 , pp. 1002-1008
    • Foy, C.A.1    Quirke, P.2    Lewis, F.A.3    Futers, T.S.4    Bodansky, H.J.5
  • 85
    • 0025216439 scopus 로고
    • Correlation between islet cell antibodies and anti-cytomegalovirus IgM and IgG antibodies in healthy first-degree relatives of type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients
    • Nicoletti F., Scalia G., Lunetta M., Condorelli F., Di Mauro M., Barcellini W., et al. Correlation between islet cell antibodies and anti-cytomegalovirus IgM and IgG antibodies in healthy first-degree relatives of type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 55:(1):1990;139-147.
    • (1990) Clin Immunol Immunopathol , vol.55 , Issue.1 , pp. 139-147
    • Nicoletti, F.1    Scalia, G.2    Lunetta, M.3    Condorelli, F.4    Di Mauro, M.5    Barcellini, W.6
  • 86
    • 0021819833 scopus 로고
    • Coxsackie B, mumps, rubella, and cytomegalovirus specific IgM responses in patients with juvenile-onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Britain, Austria, and Australia
    • Banatvala J.E., Bryant J., Schernthaner G., Borkenstein M., Schober E., Brown D., et al. Coxsackie B, mumps, rubella, and cytomegalovirus specific IgM responses in patients with juvenile-onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Britain, Austria, and Australia. Lancet. 1:(8443):1985;1409-1412.
    • (1985) Lancet , vol.1 , Issue.8443 , pp. 1409-1412
    • Banatvala, J.E.1    Bryant, J.2    Schernthaner, G.3    Borkenstein, M.4    Schober, E.5    Brown, D.6
  • 87
    • 0029025697 scopus 로고
    • Serological evaluation of the role of cytomegalovirus in the pathogenesis of IDDM: A prospective study. The Childhood Diabetes in Finland Study Group
    • Hiltunen M., Hyöty H., Karjalainen J., Leinikki P., Knip M., Lounamaa R., et al. Serological evaluation of the role of cytomegalovirus in the pathogenesis of IDDM: a prospective study. The Childhood Diabetes in Finland Study Group. Diabetologia. 38:(6):1995;705-710.
    • (1995) Diabetologia , vol.38 , Issue.6 , pp. 705-710
    • Hiltunen, M.1    Hyöty, H.2    Karjalainen, J.3    Leinikki, P.4    Knip, M.5    Lounamaa, R.6
  • 88
    • 0027223472 scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of type 1 diabetes mellitus at follow-up of Swedish infants congenitally infected with cytomegalovirus
    • Ivarsson S.A., Lindberg B., Nilsson K.O., Ahlfors K., Svanberg L. The prevalence of type 1 diabetes mellitus at follow-up of Swedish infants congenitally infected with cytomegalovirus. Diabet Med. 10:(6):1993;521-523.
    • (1993) Diabet Med , vol.10 , Issue.6 , pp. 521-523
    • Ivarsson, S.A.1    Lindberg, B.2    Nilsson, K.O.3    Ahlfors, K.4    Svanberg, L.5
  • 90
    • 0018780417 scopus 로고
    • Congenital cytomegalovirus infection and diabetes
    • Ward K.P., Galloway W.H., Auchterlonie I.A. Congenital cytomegalovirus infection and diabetes. Lancet. 1:(8114):1979;497.
    • (1979) Lancet , vol.1 , Issue.8114 , pp. 497
    • Ward, K.P.1    Galloway, W.H.2    Auchterlonie, I.A.3
  • 91
    • 0035957438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytomegalovirus in autoimmunity: T cell crossreactivity to viral antigen and autoantigen glutamic acid decarboxylase
    • Hiemstra H.S., Schloot N.C., van Veelen P.A., Willemen S.J., Franken K.L., van Rood J.J., et al. Cytomegalovirus in autoimmunity: T cell crossreactivity to viral antigen and autoantigen glutamic acid decarboxylase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 98:(7):2001;3988-3991.
    • (2001) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.98 , Issue.7 , pp. 3988-3991
    • Hiemstra, H.S.1    Schloot, N.C.2    Van Veelen, P.A.3    Willemen, S.J.4    Franken, K.L.5    Van Rood, J.J.6
  • 92
    • 0036274774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular mimicry in type 1 diabetes: Immune cross-reactivity between islet autoantigen and human cytomegalovirus but not Coxsackie virus
    • Roep B.O., Hiemstra H.S., Schloot N.C., De Vries R.R., Chaudhuri A., Behan P.O., et al. Molecular mimicry in type 1 diabetes: immune cross-reactivity between islet autoantigen and human cytomegalovirus but not Coxsackie virus. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 958:2002;163-165.
    • (2002) Ann N Y Acad Sci , vol.958 , pp. 163-165
    • Roep, B.O.1    Hiemstra, H.S.2    Schloot, N.C.3    De Vries, R.R.4    Chaudhuri, A.5    Behan, P.O.6
  • 93
    • 0025075154 scopus 로고
    • Human pancreatic islet cell specific 38 kilodalton autoantigen identified by cytomegalovirus-induced monoclonal islet cell autoantibody
    • Pak C.Y., Cha C.Y., Rajotte R.V., McArthur R.G., Yoon J.W. Human pancreatic islet cell specific 38 kilodalton autoantigen identified by cytomegalovirus-induced monoclonal islet cell autoantibody. Diabetologia. 33:(9):1990;569-572.
    • (1990) Diabetologia , vol.33 , Issue.9 , pp. 569-572
    • Pak, C.Y.1    Cha, C.Y.2    Rajotte, R.V.3    McArthur, R.G.4    Yoon, J.W.5
  • 94
    • 0031853190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors influencing the effects of murine cytomegalovirus on the pancreas
    • Price P., Baxter A.G., Allcock R.N., Papadimitriou J.M. Factors influencing the effects of murine cytomegalovirus on the pancreas. Eur J Clin Invest. 28:(7):1998;546-553.
    • (1998) Eur J Clin Invest , vol.28 , Issue.7 , pp. 546-553
    • Price, P.1    Baxter, A.G.2    Allcock, R.N.3    Papadimitriou, J.M.4
  • 95
    • 0024417450 scopus 로고
    • Hay fever, hygiene, and household size
    • Strachan D.P. Hay fever, hygiene, and household size. BMJ. 299:(6710):1989;1259-1260.
    • (1989) BMJ , vol.299 , Issue.6710 , pp. 1259-1260
    • Strachan, D.P.1
  • 96
    • 0034048296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can enterovirus infections explain the increasing incidence of type 1 diabetes?
    • Viskari H.R., Koskela P., Lonnrot M., Luonuansuu S., Reunanen A., Baer M., et al. Can enterovirus infections explain the increasing incidence of type 1 diabetes? Diabetes Care. 23:(3):2000;414-416.
    • (2000) Diabetes Care , vol.23 , Issue.3 , pp. 414-416
    • Viskari, H.R.1    Koskela, P.2    Lonnrot, M.3    Luonuansuu, S.4    Reunanen, A.5    Baer, M.6
  • 97
    • 0342647384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enterovirus antibodies in relation to islet cell antibodies in two populations with high and low incidence of type 1 diabetes
    • Lonnrot M., Knip M., Marciulionyte D., Rahko J., Urbonaite B., Moore W.P., et al. Enterovirus antibodies in relation to islet cell antibodies in two populations with high and low incidence of type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 22:(12):1999;2086-2088.
    • (1999) Diabetes Care , vol.22 , Issue.12 , pp. 2086-2088
    • Lonnrot, M.1    Knip, M.2    Marciulionyte, D.3    Rahko, J.4    Urbonaite, B.5    Moore, W.P.6
  • 99
    • 0035522332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal antibodies, childhood infections, and autoimmune diseases
    • Zinkernagel R.M. Maternal antibodies, childhood infections, and autoimmune diseases. N Engl J Med. 345:(18):2001;1331-1335.
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.345 , Issue.18 , pp. 1331-1335
    • Zinkernagel, R.M.1
  • 100
    • 0029034877 scopus 로고
    • Coxsackie B virus infection and onset of childhood diabetes
    • Clements G.B., Galbraith D.N., Taylor K.W. Coxsackie B virus infection and onset of childhood diabetes. Lancet. 346:(8969):1995;221-223.
    • (1995) Lancet , vol.346 , Issue.8969 , pp. 221-223
    • Clements, G.B.1    Galbraith, D.N.2    Taylor, K.W.3
  • 101
    • 0032751826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enterovirus variants in the serum of children at the onset of Type 1 diabetes mellitus
    • Nairn C., Galbraith D.N., Taylor K.W., Clements G.B. Enterovirus variants in the serum of children at the onset of Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med. 16:(6):1999;509-513.
    • (1999) Diabet Med , vol.16 , Issue.6 , pp. 509-513
    • Nairn, C.1    Galbraith, D.N.2    Taylor, K.W.3    Clements, G.B.4
  • 102
    • 1842405396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of coxsackie B virus RNA sequences in whole blood samples from adult patients at the onset of type I diabetes mellitus
    • Andreoletti L., Hober D., Hober-Vandenberghe C., Belaich S., Vantyghem M.C., Lefebvre J., et al. Detection of coxsackie B virus RNA sequences in whole blood samples from adult patients at the onset of type I diabetes mellitus. J Med Virol. 52:(2):1997;121-127.
    • (1997) J Med Virol , vol.52 , Issue.2 , pp. 121-127
    • Andreoletti, L.1    Hober, D.2    Hober-Vandenberghe, C.3    Belaich, S.4    Vantyghem, M.C.5    Lefebvre, J.6
  • 103
    • 0036266382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enterovirus RNA is found in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in a majority of type 1 diabetic children at onset
    • Yin H., Berg A.K., Tuvemo T., Frisk G. Enterovirus RNA is found in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in a majority of type 1 diabetic children at onset. Diabetes. 51:(6):2002;1964-1971.
    • (2002) Diabetes , vol.51 , Issue.6 , pp. 1964-1971
    • Yin, H.1    Berg, A.K.2    Tuvemo, T.3    Frisk, G.4
  • 105
    • 0343618660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enterovirus RNA in serum is a risk factor for beta-cell autoimmunity and clinical type 1 diabetes: A prospective study. Childhood Diabetes in Finland (DiMe) Study Group
    • Lonnrot M., Salminen K., Knip M., Savola K., Kulmala P., Leinikki P., et al. Enterovirus RNA in serum is a risk factor for beta-cell autoimmunity and clinical type 1 diabetes: a prospective study. Childhood Diabetes in Finland (DiMe) Study Group. J Med Virol. 61:(2):2000;214-220.
    • (2000) J Med Virol , vol.61 , Issue.2 , pp. 214-220
    • Lonnrot, M.1    Salminen, K.2    Knip, M.3    Savola, K.4    Kulmala, P.5    Leinikki, P.6
  • 106
    • 20244384697 scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of the role of coxsackie B and other enterovirus infections in the pathogenesis of IDDM. Childhood Diabetes in Finland (DiMe) Study Group
    • Hyöty H., Hiltunen M., Knip M., Laakkonen M., Vahasalo P., Karjalainen J., et al. A prospective study of the role of coxsackie B and other enterovirus infections in the pathogenesis of IDDM. Childhood Diabetes in Finland (DiMe) Study Group. Diabetes. 44:(6):1995;652-657.
    • (1995) Diabetes , vol.44 , Issue.6 , pp. 652-657
    • Hyöty, H.1    Hiltunen, M.2    Knip, M.3    Laakkonen, M.4    Vahasalo, P.5    Karjalainen, J.6
  • 107
    • 16944362663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Islet cell antibody seroconversion in children is temporally associated with enterovirus infections. Childhood Diabetes in Finland (DiMe) Study Group
    • Hiltunen M., Hyöty H., Knip M., Ilonen J., Reijonen H., Vahasalo P., et al. Islet cell antibody seroconversion in children is temporally associated with enterovirus infections. Childhood Diabetes in Finland (DiMe) Study Group. J Infect Dis. 175:(3):1997;554-560.
    • (1997) J Infect Dis , vol.175 , Issue.3 , pp. 554-560
    • Hiltunen, M.1    Hyöty, H.2    Knip, M.3    Ilonen, J.4    Reijonen, H.5    Vahasalo, P.6
  • 108
    • 0033624114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enterovirus infection as a risk factor for beta-cell autoimmunity in a prospectively observed birth cohort: The Finnish Diabetes Prediction and Prevention Study
    • Lonnrot M., Korpela K., Knip M., Ilonen J., Simell O., Korhonen S., et al. Enterovirus infection as a risk factor for beta-cell autoimmunity in a prospectively observed birth cohort: the Finnish Diabetes Prediction and Prevention Study. Diabetes. 49:(8):2000;1314-1318.
    • (2000) Diabetes , vol.49 , Issue.8 , pp. 1314-1318
    • Lonnrot, M.1    Korpela, K.2    Knip, M.3    Ilonen, J.4    Simell, O.5    Korhonen, S.6
  • 109
    • 0037211477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enterovirus infections are associated with the induction of beta-cell autoimmunity in a prospective birth cohort study
    • Salminen K., Sadeharju K., Lönnrot M., Vähäsalo P., Kupila A., Korhonen S., et al. Enterovirus infections are associated with the induction of beta-cell autoimmunity in a prospective birth cohort study. J Med Virol. 69:(1):2003;91-98.
    • (2003) J Med Virol , vol.69 , Issue.1 , pp. 91-98
    • Salminen, K.1    Sadeharju, K.2    Lönnrot, M.3    Vähäsalo, P.4    Kupila, A.5    Korhonen, S.6
  • 110
    • 1842600151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of enterovirus infections by neutralization antibody assay in prediabetic children in a prospective birth cohort study
    • Turku (Finland): University of Turku
    • Salminen K., Knip M., Ilonen J., Simell O., Hyöty H. Diagnosis of enterovirus infections by neutralization antibody assay in prediabetic children in a prospective birth cohort study. Annales Universitas Turkuensis. Vol. 541:2003;45-46 University of Turku, Turku (Finland).
    • (2003) Annales Universitas Turkuensis , vol.541 , pp. 45-46
    • Salminen, K.1    Knip, M.2    Ilonen, J.3    Simell, O.4    Hyöty, H.5
  • 112
    • 0038555667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enterovirus infections as a risk factor for type I diabetes: Virus analyses in a dietary intervention trial
    • Sadeharju K., Hamalainen A.M., Knip M., Lonnrot M., Koskela P., Virtanen S.M., et al. Enterovirus infections as a risk factor for type I diabetes: virus analyses in a dietary intervention trial. Clin Exp Immunol. 132:(2):2003;271- 277.
    • (2003) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.132 , Issue.2 , pp. 271-277
    • Sadeharju, K.1    Hamalainen, A.M.2    Knip, M.3    Lonnrot, M.4    Koskela, P.5    Virtanen, S.M.6
  • 113
    • 0037212485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective study of enteroviral infections and development of beta-cell autoimmunity. Diabetes autoimmunity study in the young (DAISY)
    • Graves P.M., Rotbart H.A., Nix W.A., Pallansch M.A., Erlich H.A., Norris J.M., et al. Prospective study of enteroviral infections and development of beta-cell autoimmunity. Diabetes autoimmunity study in the young (DAISY). Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 59:(1):2003;51-61.
    • (2003) Diabetes Res Clin Pract , vol.59 , Issue.1 , pp. 51-61
    • Graves, P.M.1    Rotbart, H.A.2    Nix, W.A.3    Pallansch, M.A.4    Erlich, H.A.5    Norris, J.M.6
  • 114
    • 0035702136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No evidence for an association of coxsackie virus infections during pregnancy and early childhood with development of islet autoantibodies in offspring of mothers or fathers with type 1 diabetes
    • Fuchtenbusch M., Irnstetter A., Jager G., Ziegler A.G. No evidence for an association of coxsackie virus infections during pregnancy and early childhood with development of islet autoantibodies in offspring of mothers or fathers with type 1 diabetes. J Autoimmun. 17:(4):2001;333-340.
    • (2001) J Autoimmun , vol.17 , Issue.4 , pp. 333-340
    • Fuchtenbusch, M.1    Irnstetter, A.2    Jager, G.3    Ziegler, A.G.4
  • 115
    • 0024448083 scopus 로고
    • The Swedish childhood diabetes study III: IgM against coxsackie B viruses in newly diagnosed type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic children-no evidence of increased antibody frequency
    • Tuvemo T., Dahlquist G., Frisk G., Blom L., Friman G., Landin-Olsson M., et al. The Swedish childhood diabetes study III: IgM against coxsackie B viruses in newly diagnosed type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic children-no evidence of increased antibody frequency. Diabetologia. 32:(10):1989;745-747.
    • (1989) Diabetologia , vol.32 , Issue.10 , pp. 745-747
    • Tuvemo, T.1    Dahlquist, G.2    Frisk, G.3    Blom, L.4    Friman, G.5    Landin-Olsson, M.6
  • 116
    • 0032956496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enteroviral RNA and IgM antibodies in early pregnancy and risk for childhood-onset IDDM in offspring
    • Dahlquist G.G., Boman J.E., Juto P. Enteroviral RNA and IgM antibodies in early pregnancy and risk for childhood-onset IDDM in offspring. Diabetes Care. 22:(2):1999;364-365.
    • (1999) Diabetes Care , vol.22 , Issue.2 , pp. 364-365
    • Dahlquist, G.G.1    Boman, J.E.2    Juto, P.3
  • 117
    • 0034937699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enterovirus antibody levels during the first two years of life in prediabetic autoantibody-positive children
    • Sadeharju K., Lonnrot M., Kimpimaki T., Savola K., Erkkila S., Kalliokoski T., et al. Enterovirus antibody levels during the first two years of life in prediabetic autoantibody-positive children. Diabetologia. 44:(7):2001;818-823.
    • (2001) Diabetologia , vol.44 , Issue.7 , pp. 818-823
    • Sadeharju, K.1    Lonnrot, M.2    Kimpimaki, T.3    Savola, K.4    Erkkila, S.5    Kalliokoski, T.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.