Cytoplasmic membrane iron permease systems in the bacterial cell envelope

Frontiers in Bioscience

Volumn 10, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 462-477

  Koster, Wolfgang ^a,b  

^a SWISS FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF AQUATIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Switzerland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN   (Canada)

Author keywords

ABC transporter; Binding Proteins; Heme; Iron Uptake; Review; Siderophore; Vitamin B12

Indexed keywords

ABC TRANSPORTER; ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASE; ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE; BINDING PROTEIN; BINDING PROTEIN BTUF; BINDING PROTEIN FHUD; CADMIUM; COBALT; COPPER ION; CYANOCOBALAMIN; DIVALENT CATION; FERRICHROME; FERRIOXAMINE; GRISEIN; HEME; HYDROLASE; IRON; LIGAND; MANGANESE; MEMBRANE PROTEIN; NATURAL RESISTANCE ASSOCIATED MACROPHAGE PROTEIN; NICKEL; PERMEASE; SIDEROPHORE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; ZINC ION;

ARTICLE; BACTERIAL CELL WALL; BACTERIAL MEMBRANE; CELL MEMBRANE; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; CRYSTAL STRUCTURE; CYTOSOL; GENETIC ANALYSIS; GENETIC ORGANIZATION; GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIUM; GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIUM; HYDROPHOBICITY; IRON TRANSPORT; MYCOBACTERIUM; NONHUMAN; PROKARYOTE; PROTEIN BINDING; PROTEIN CONFORMATION; PROTEIN DOMAIN; PROTEIN LOCALIZATION;

ARCHAEA; BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); MYCOBACTERIUM; NEGIBACTERIA; POSIBACTERIA; PROKARYOTA;

EID: 17444420700     PISSN: 27686701     EISSN: 27686698     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2741/1542     Document Type: Article

References (149)

1. Weinberg E. D: The Lactobacillus anomaly: total iron abstinence. Perspect Biol Med 40, 578-583 (1997)
2. Carroll J. A, D. W. Dorward & F. C. Gherardini: Identification of a transferrin-binding protein from Borrelia burgdorferi. Infect Immun 64, 2911-2916 (1996)
3. Whitehouse C. A, L. R. Williams & F. E. Austin: Identification of superoxide dismutase activity in Borrelia burgdorferi. Infect Immun 65, 4865-8 (1997)
4. Posey J.E. & F.C. Gherardini: Lack of a role for iron in the Lyme disease pathogen. Science 288, 1651-1653 (2000)
5. Expert D, C. Enard & C. Masclaux: The role of iron in plant host-pathogen interactions. Trends Microbiol 4, 232-237 (1996)
6. Genco C. A. & P. J. Desai: Iron acquisition in the pathogenic Neisseria. Trends Microbiol 4, 179-184 (1996)
7. Mietzner T. A, S. B. Tencza, P. Adhikari, K. G. Vaughan, & A. J. Nowalk: Fe(III) periplasm-to-cytosol transporters of Gram-negative pathogens. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 225, 113-135 (1998)
8. Schryvers A. B, R. Bonnah, R. H. Yu, H. Wong & M. Retzer: Bacterial lactoferrin receptors. Adv Exp Med Bio 443, 123-133 (1998)
9. Vasil M.-L. & U. A. Ochsner: The response of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to iron: genetics, biochemistry and virulence. Mol Microbiol 34, 399-413 (1999)
10. Neilands J. B: Siderophores. Adv Inorg Biochem 5:137-166 (1983)
11. Braun V, K. Hantke & W. Köster: Bacterial iron transport: mechanisms, genetics, and regulation. In: Iron Transport and Storage in Microorganisms, Plants, and Animals, Vol. 35 of "Metal Ions in Biological Systems", Sigel A. and Sigel H, Eds; Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 67-145 (1998)
12. Kühn S, V. Braun & W. Köster: Ferric rhizoferrin uptake into Morganella morganii; characterization of genes involved in the uptake of a polyhydroxycarboxylate siderophore. J Bacteriol 178, 496-504 (1996)
13. Crosa J. H. & C. T. Walsh: Genetics and assembly line enzymology of siderophore biosynthesis in bacteria. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 66, 223-249 (2002)
14. Zhu W, J E. Arceneaux, M. L. Beggs, B .R .Byers, K. D. Eisenach & M. D. Lundrigan: Exochelin genes in Mycobacterium smegmatis: identification of an ABC transporter and two non-ribosomal peptide synthetase genes. Mol Microbiol 29, 629-639 (1998)
15. Furrer J. L, D. N. Sanders, I. G. Hook-Barnard & M. A. McIntosh: Export of the siderophore enterobactin in Escherichia coli: involvement of a 43 kDa membrane exporter. Mol Microbiol 44, 1225-1234 (2002)
16. Dorsey C. W, M. E. Tolmasky, J. H. Crosa & L. A. Actis: Genetic organization of an Acinetobacter baumannii chromosomal region harbouring genes related to siderophore biosynthesis and transport. Microbiol 149, 1227-38 (2003)
17. Tanabe T, T. Funahashi, H. Nakao, S. Miyoshi, S. Shinoda & S. Yamamoto: Identification and characterization of genes required for biosynthesis and transport of the siderophore vibrioferrin in Vibrio parahaemolyticus. J Bacteriol 185, 6938-6949 (2003)
18. Wandersman C. & I. Stojilkovic: Bacterial heme sources: the role of heme, hemoprotein receptors and hemophores. Curr Opin Microbiol 3, 215-220 (2000)
19. Arnoux P, R. Haser, N. Izadi, A Lecroisey, M.Delepierre, C. Wandersman & M. Czjzek: The crystal structure of HasA, a hemophore secreted by Serratia marcescens. Nat Struct Biol 6, 516-520 (1999)
20. Cornelissen C. N. & P. F. Sparling: Iron piracy: acquisition of transferrin-bound iron by bacterial pathogens. Mol Microbiol 14, 843-850 (1994)
21. Kadner R. J: Vitamin B12 transport in Escherichia coli: energy coupling between membranes. Mol Microbiol 4, 2027-2033 (1990)
22. Moeck G. S. & J. W. Coulton: TonB-dependent iron acquisition: mechanisms of siderophore-mediated active transport. Mol Microbiol 28, 675-681 (1998)
23. Postle K: Active transport by customised beta-barrels. Nat Struct Biol 6, 3-6 (1999)
24. Postle K: Close before opening. Science 295, 1658-1659 (2002)
25. Postle K. & R. J. Kadner: Touch and go: tying TonB to transport. Mol Microbiol 49, 869-82 (2003)
26. Buchanan S. K, B. S. Smith, L. Venkatramani, D. Xia, L Esser, M. Palnitkar, R. Chakraborty, D. van der Helm, & J. Deisenhofer: Crystal structure of the outer membrane active transporter FepA from Escherichia coli. Nat Struct Biol 6, 56-63 (1999)
27. Locher K.P, B. Rees, R. Koebnik, A. Mitschler, L Moulinier, J. P. Rosenbusch & D. Moras: Transmembrane signaling across the ligand-gated FhuA receptor: crystal structures of free and ferrichrome-bound states reveal allosteric changes. Cell 95, 771-778 (1998)
28. Ferguson A. D, R. Chakraborty, B. S. Smith, L. Esser, D. van der Helm & J. Deisenhofer: Structural basis of gating by the outer membrane transporter FecA. Science 295, 1715-1719 (2002)
29. Ferguson A. D, E. Hofmann, J.W. Coulton, K. Diederichs & W. Weite: Siderophore-mediated iron transport: crystal structure of FhuA with bound lipopolysaccharide. Science 282, 2215-2220 (1998)
30. van der Helm D, R. Chakraborty, A. D. Ferguson, B. S. Smith, L. Esser & J. Deisenhofer: Bipartite gating in the outer membrane protein FecA. Biochem Soc Trans 30, 708-710 (2002)
31. Chimento D. P, A. K. Mohanty, R. J. Kadner & M. C. Wiener: Substrate-induced transmembrane signaling in the cobalamin transporter BtuB. Nat Struct Biol 10:394-401 (2003)
32. Mademidis A. & W. Köster: Transport activity of FhuA, FhuC, FhuD, and FhuB derivatives in a system free of polar effects, and stoichiometry of components involved in ferrichrome uptake. Mol Gen Genet 258, 156-65 (1998)
33. Rabsch W, U. Methner, W. Voigt, H. Tschäpe, R. Reissbrodt & P. H. Williams: Role of receptor proteins for enterobactin and 2,3- dihydroxybenzoylserine in the virulence of Salmonella enterica. Infect Immun 71, 6953-6961 (2003)
34. Navarre W. W. & O. Schneewind: Surface proteins of gram-positive bacteria and mechanisms of their targeting to the cell wall envelope. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 63, 174-229 (1999)
35. Mazmanian S. K, H. Ton-That, K. Su, & O. Schneewind: An iron-regulated sortase anchors a class of surface protein during Staphylococcus aureus pathogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99, 2293-2298 (2002)
36. Hammerschmidt S, G. Bethe, P.H. Remane & G. S. Chhatwal: Identification of pneumococcal surface protein A as a lactoferrin-binding protein of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Infect Immun 67, 1683-1687 (1999)
37. Hakansson A, H. Roche, S. Mirza, L. S. McDaniel, A. Brooks-Walter & D. E. Briles: Characterization of binding of human lactoferrin to pneumococcal surface protein A. Infect Immun 69, 3372-3381 (2001)
38. Modun B. & P. Williams: The staphylococcal transferrin-binding protein is a cell wall glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Infect Immun 67, 1086-1092 (1999)
39. Modun B, D. Kendall & P. Williams: Staphylococci express a receptor for human transferrin: identification of a 42 kilodalton cell wall transferrin-binding protein. Infect Immun 62, 3850-3858 (1994)
40. Taylor J. M. & D. E. Heinrichs: Transferrin binding in Staphylococcus aureus: involvement of a cell wall-anchored protein. Mol Microbiol 43, 1603-1614 (2002)
41. Mazmanian S. K, E.P. Skaar, A. H. Gaspar, M. Humayun, P. Gornicki, J. Jelenska, A. Joachmiak, D. M. Missiakas & O. Schneewind: Passage of heme-iron across the envelope of Staphylococcus aureus. Science 299, 906-909 (2003)
42. Lei B, L. M. Smoot, H. M. Menning, J. M. Voyich, S. V. Kala, F. R. Deleo, S. D. Reid & J. M. Musser: Identification and characterization of a novel heme-associated cell surface protein made by Streptococcus pyogenes. Infect Immun 70, 4494-4500 (2002)
43. Brennan PJ & H. Nikaido: The envelope of mycobacteria. Ann Rev Biochem 64, 29-63 (1995)
44. Draper P: The outer parts of the mycobacterial envelope as permeability barriers. Front Biosci 3 D, 1253-1261 (1998)
45. Kartmann B, S. Stenger, M. Niederweis & S. Stengler: Porins in the cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Bacteriol 181, 6543-6546 (1999)
46. Raynaud C, K. G. Papavinasasundaram, R. A. Speight, B. Springer, P. Sander, E. C. Bottger, M. J. Colston & P Draper: The functions of OmpATb, a pore-forming protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mol Microbiol 46, 191-201 (2002)
47. Niederweis M: Mycobacterial porins-new channel proteins in unique outer membranes. Mol Microbiol 49, 1167-1177 (2003)
48. Ames G. F.-L: Bacterial periplasmic permeases as model systems for the superfamily of traffic ATPases, including the multidrug resistance protein and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. Int Rev Cytol 137, 1-35 (1992)
49. Higgins C. F: ABC transporters: from microorganisms to man. Annu Rev Cell Biol 8, 67-113 (1992)
50. Actis L. A, M. E. Tolmasky, L. M. Crosa & J. H. Crosa: Characterization and regulation of the expression of FatB. an iron transport protein encoded by the pJM1 virulence plasmid. Mol Microbiol 17, 197-204 (1995)
51. Wyckoff E. E, A .M. Valle, S. L. Smith & S. M. Payne: A multifunctional ATP-binding cassette transporter system from Vibrio cholerae transports vibriobactin and enterobactin. J Bacteriol 181, 7588-96 (1999)
52. Dugourd D, C. Martin, C. R. Rioux, M. Jacques & J. Harel: Characterization of a periplasmic ATP-binding cassette iron import system of Brachyspira (Serpulina) hyodysenteriae. J Bacteriol 181, 6948-6957 (1999)
53. Pattery T, J. P. Hernalsteens & H. De Greve: Identification and molecular characterization of a novel Salmonella enteritidis pathogenicity islet encoding an ABC transporter. Mol Microbiol 33, 791-805 (1999)
54. Richardson P. T. & S. F. Park: Enterochelin acquisition in Campylobacler coli: characterization of components of a binding-protein- dependent transport system. Microbiology 141, 3181-3191 (1995)
55. Lissner C. R, D. L. Weinstein & A. D. O'Brien: Mouse chromosome 1 Ity locus regulates microbicidal activity of isolated peritoneal macrophages against a diverse group of intracellular and extracellular bacteria. J Immunol 135, 544-547 (1985)
56. Gruenheid S, E. Pinner, M. Desjardins & P. Gros: Natural resistance to infection with intracellular pathogens: the Nramp1 protein is recruited to the membrane of the phagosome. J Exp Med 185, 717-730 (1997)
57. Cellier M, G. Govoni, S. Vidal, T. Kwan, N. Groulx, J. Liu, F. Sanchez, E. Skamene, E. Schurr & P. Gros: Human natural resistance-associated macrophage protein: cDNA cloning, chromosomal mapping, genomic organization, and tissue specific expression. J Exp Med 180, 1741-1752 (1994)
58. Gunshin H, B. Mackenzie, U. V. Berger, Y. Gunshin, M .F. Romero, W. F. Boron, S. Nussberger, J. L. Gollan & M. A. Hediger: Cloning and characterization of a mammalian proton-coupled metal-ion transporter. Nature 388, 482-488 (1997)
59. Liu X .F, F. Supek, N. Nelson & V. C. Culotta: Negative control of heavy metal uptake by the Saccharomyces cerevisiae BSD2 gene. J Biol Chem 272, 11763-11769 (1997)
60. Kehres D. G, M. L.Zaharik, B. B. Finlay & M. E. Maguire: The NRAMP proteins of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli are selective manganese transporters involved in the response to reactive oxygen. Mol Microbiol 36, 1085-1100 (2000)
61. Makui H, E. Roig, S. T. Cole, J. D. Helmann, P. Gros & M. F. M. Cellier: Identification of the Escherichia coli K-12 Nramp orthologue (MntH) as a selective divalent metal ion transporter. Mol Microbiol 35, 1065-1078 (2000)
62. Courville P, R. Chaloupka, F. Veyrier & M. F. M. Cellier: Determination of the transmembrane topology of Escherichia coli Nramp ortholog. J Biol Chem 279, 3318-26 (2004)
63. Patzer S. I. & K. Hantke: Dual repression by Fe2+-Fur and Mn2+-MntR of the mntH gene, encoding an NRAMP-like Mn2+ transporter in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 183, 4806-4813 (2001)
64. Kehres D. G, A. Janakiraman, J. M. Slauch & M. E. Maguire: Regulation of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium mntH transcription by H2O2, Fe2+, and Mn2+. J Bacteriol 184, 3151-3158 (2002)
65. Que Q. & J. D. Helmann: Manganese homeostasis in Bacillus subtilis is regulated by MntR, a bifunctional regulator related to the diphtheria toxin repressor family of proteins. Mol Microbiol 35, 1454-1468 (2000)
66. Kammler M, C. Schön & K. Hantke: Characterization of the ferrous iron uptake system of Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 175, 6212-6219 (1997)
67. Velayudhan J, N. J. Hughes, A. A. McColm, J. Bagshaw, C. L. Clayton, S. C. Andrews & D. J. Kelly: Iron acquisition and virulence in Helicobacter pylori: a major role for FeoB, a high-affinity ferrous iron transporter. Mol Microbiol 37, 274-286 (2000)
68. Leipe D. D, Y. I. Wolf, E. V. Koonin & L. Aravind: Classification and evolution of P-loop GTPases and related ATPases. J Mol Biol 317, 41-72 (2002)
69. Marlovits T. C, W. Haase, C. Herrmann, S. G. Aller & V. M. Unger: The membrane protein FeoB contains an intramolecular G protein essential for Fe(II) uptake in bacteria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99, 16243-16248 (2002)
70. Robey, M. & N. P. Cianciotto: Legionella pneumophila feoAB promotes ferrous iron uptake and intracellular infection. Infect Immun 70, 5659-5669 (2002)
71. Runyen-Janecky L. J, S. A. Reeves, E. G. Gonzales & S. M. Payne: Contribution of the Shigella flexneri Sit, Iuc, and Feo iron acquisition systems to iron acquisition in vitro and in cultured cells. Infect Immun 71, 1919-1928 (2003)
72. Fecker L. & V. Braun: Cloning and expression of the fhu genes involved in iron(III)-hydroxamate uptake by Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 156, 1301-14 (1993)
73. Köster W. & V. Braun: Iron-hydroxamate transport into Escherichia coli K12:localization of FhuD in the periplasm and of FhuB in the cytoplasmic membrane. Mol Gen Genet 217, 233-239 (1989)
74. Surin B. P, H. Rosenberg & G. B. Cox: Phosphate-specific transport system of Escherichia coli: nucleotide sequence and gene-polypeptide relationships J Bacteriol 161, 189-198 (1985)
75. Higgins C. F, P. D. Haag, K. Nikaido, F. Ardeshir, G. Garcia & G. F. Ames: Complete nucleotide sequence and identification of membrane components of the histidine transport operon of S. typhimurium. Nature 298, 723-727 (1982)
76. Staudenmaier H, B. Van Hove, Z. Yaraghi & V. Braun: Nucleotide sequences of the fecBCDE genes and locations of the proteins suggest a periplasmic-binding-protein-dependent transport mechanism for iron(III) dicitrate in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 171, 2626-2633 (1989)
77. Schneider R. & K. Hantke: Iron-hydroxamate uptake Systems in Bacillus subtilis: identification of a lipoprotein as part of a binding protein-dependent transport system. Mol Microbiol 8, 111-21 (1993)
78. Köster W: Transport of iron(III) hydroxamates across the cytoplasmic membrane of Escherichia coli. In: Bioinorganic Chemistry, Transition Metals in Biology and their Coordination Chemistry, Ed: Trautwein A.X., Wiley-VCH, 56-68 (1997)
79. Warner P. J, P. H.Williams, A. Bindereif & J. B. Neilands: CoIV plasmid-specific aerobactin synthesis by invasive strains of Escherichia coli. Infect Immun 33, 540-545 (1981)
80. Waters V. L. & J. H. Crosa: DNA environment of the aerobactin iron uptake system genes in prototypic CoIV plasmids.J Bacteriol 167, 647-654 (1986)
81. Ambrozic J, A. Ostroversnik, M. Starcic, I. Kuhar, M. Grabnar & D. Zgur-Bertok: Escherichia coli CoIV plasmid pRK100: genetic organization, stability and conjugal transfer. Microbiology 144, :343-352 (1998)
82. Vokes S. A, S. A. Reeves, A. G. Torres & S. M. Payne: The aerobactin iron transport system genes in Shigella flexneri are present within a pathogenicity island. Mol Microbiol 33, 63-73 (1999)
83. Carniel E: The Yersinia high-pathogenicity island: an iron-uptake island. Microbes Infect 3, 561-569 (2001)
84. Brown J. S, S. M. Gilliland & D. W. Holden: A Streptococcus pneumoniae pathogenicity island encoding an ABC transporter involved in iron uptake and virulence. Mol Microbiol 40, 572-585 (2001)
85. Crosa J. H: Signal transduction and transcriptional and post transcriptional control of iron-regulated genes in bacteria. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 61, 319-336 (1997)
86. Köster W. L, L. A. Actis, L. S. Waldbeser, M. E. Tolmasky & J. H. Crosa: Molecular characterization of the iron transport system mediated by the pJM1-plasmid in Vibrio anguillarum 775. J Biol Chem 266, 23829-23833 (1991)
87. Köster W. & V. Braun: Iron(III)hydroxamate transport: binding of ferrichrome to the periplasmic FhuD protein. J Biol Chem 265, 21407-21410 (1990)
88. Rohrbach M. R, V. Braun & W. Köster: Ferrichrome transport in Escherichia coli K-12: altered substrate specifity of mutated periplasmic FhuD and interaction of FhuD with the integral membrane protein FhuB. J Bacteriol 177, 7186-7193 (1995)
89. Sprencel C, Z. Cao, Z. Qi, D. C. Scott, M. A. Montague, N. Ivanoff, J .Xu, K. M. Raymond, S. M. Newton & P. E. Klebba: Binding of ferric enterobactin by the Escherichia coli periplasmic protein FepB. J Bacteriol 182, 5359-5364 (2000)
90. Clarke T. E, S. Y. Ku, D. R. Dougan, H. J. Vogel & L. W. Tari: The structure of the ferric siderophore binding protein FhuD complexed with gallichrome. Nat Struct Biol 7, 287-291 (2000)
91. Quiocho F. A & P. S. Ledvina: Atomic structure and specificity of bacterial periplasmic receptors for active transport and chemotaxis: variation of common themes. Mol Microbiol 20, 17-25 (1996)
92. Borths E. L, K. P. Locher, A. T. Lee & D. C. Rees: The structure of Escherichia coli BtuF and binding to its cognate ATP binding cassette transporter. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99, 16642-16647 (2002)
93. Karpowich N. K, H. H. Huang, P. C. Smith & J. F. Hunt: Crystal structures of the BtuF periplasmic-binding protein for vitamin B12 suggest a functionally important reduction in protein mobility upon ligand binding. J Biol Chem 278, 8429-8434 (2003)
94. Lee Y. H, R. K. Deka, M. V. Norgard, J. D. Radolf & C. A. Hasemann: Treponema pallidum TroA is a periplasmic zinc-binding protein with a helical backbone. Nat Struct Biol 6, 628-633 (1999)
95. Lawrence M. C, P. A. Pilling, V. C. Epa, A. M. Berry, A. D. Ogunniyi & J. C. Paton: The crystal structure of pneumococcal surface antigen PsaA reveals a metal-binding site and a novel structure for a putative ABC-type binding protein. Structure 15, 1553-1561 (1998)
96. Hazlett K. R, F. Rusnak, D. G. Kehres, S. W. Bearden, C. J. La Vake, M. E. La Vake, M. E. Maguire, R. D. Perry & J. D. Radolf: The Treponema pallidum tro operon encodes a multiple metal transporter, a zinc-dependent transcriptional repressor, and a semi-autonomously expressed phosphoglycerate mutase. J Biol Chem 278, 20687-20694 (2003)
97. Köster W: Iron(III)hydroxamate transport across the cytoplasmic membrane of Escherichia coli. Biol Metals 4, 23-32 (1991)
98. Clarke T. E, M. R. Rohrbach, L. Tari, H. J. Vogel & W. Köster: Ferric hydroxamate binding protein FhuD: mutants in conserved and non-conserved regions. Biometals 15, 121-131 (2002)
99. Köster W. & V. Braun: Iron hydroxamate transport of Escherichia coli: nucleotide sequence of the fhuB gene and identification of the protein. Mol Gen Genet 204, 435-442 (1986)
100. Friedrich M. J, L. C. de Veaux & R J. Kadner: Nucleotide sequence of the btuCED genes involved in vitamin B12 transport in Escherichia coli and homology with components of periplasmic-binding-protein-dependent transport systems. J Bacteriol 167, 928-34 (1986)
101. Köster W & V. Braun: Iron(III)hydroxamate transport of Escherichia coli: restoration of iron supply by coexpression of the N- and C-terminal halves of the cytoplasmic membrane protein FhuB cloned on separate plasmids. Mol Gen Genet 223, 379-384 (1990)
102. Saurin W, W. Köster & E. Dassa: Bacterial binding protein-dependent permeases: characterization of distinctive signatures for functionally related integral cytoplasmic membrane proteins. Mol Microbiol 12, 993-1004 (1994)
103. Dassa E. & M. Hofnung: Sequence of gene malG in E. coli K12: homologies between integral membrane components from binding protein-dependent transport systems. EMBO J 9, 2287-2293 (1985)
104. Köster W. & B. Böhm: Point mutations in 2 conserved glycine residues within the integral membrane protein FhuB affect iron (III) hydroxamate transport. Mol Gen Genet 232, 399-407 (1992)
105. Groeger W. & W. Köster: Transmembrane topology of the two FhuB domains representing the hydrophobic components of bacterial ABC transporters involved in the uptake of siderophores, haem and vitamin B12. Microbiology 144, 2759-2769 (1998)
106. Locher K. P, A. T. Lee & D. C. Rees: The E. coli BruCD structure: a framework for ABC transporter architecture and mechanism. Science 296, 1091-1098 (2002)
107. Schultz-Hauser G, W. Köster, H. Schwarz & V. Braun: Iron (III) hydroxamate transport in Escherichia coli K-12: FhuB-mediated membrane association of the FhuC protein and negative complementation of fhuC mutants. J Bacteriol 174, 2305-2311 (1992)
108. Hung L. W, I.X. Wang, K. Nikaido, P. Q. Liu, G. F. Ames & S. H. Kim: Crystal structure of the ATP-binding subunit of an ABC transporter. Nature 396, 703-707 (1998)
109. Diederichs K, J. Diez, G. Greller, C. Muller, J. Breed, C. Schnell, C. Vonrhein, W. Boos & W. Welte: Crystal structure of MalK, the ATPase subunit of the trehalose/maltose ABC transporter of the archaeon Thermococcus litoralis. EMBO J 19, 5951-5961 (2000)
110. Hopfner K. P, A. Karcher, D. S. Shin, L. Craig, L. M. Arthur. J. P.Carney & J. A. Tainer: Structural biology of Rad50 ATPase: ATP-driven conformational control in DNA double-strand break repair and the ABC-ATPase superfamily. Cell 101, 789-800 (2000)
111. Schneider E: ABC transporters catalyzing carbohydrate uptake. Res Microbiol 152, 303-310 (2001)
112. Nikaido H: How are the ABC transporters energized? Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99, 9609-9610 (2002)
113. Schmitt L. & R. Tampe: Structure and mechanism of ABC transporters. Curr Opin Struct Biol 12, 754-760 (2002)
114. Fetsch E. E. & A. L. Davidson: Vanadate-catalyzed photocleavage of the signature motif of an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99, 9685-9690 (2002)
115. Liu P. Q. & G. F. Ames: In vitro disassembly and reassembly of an ABC transporter, the histidine permease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95, 3495-3500 (1998)
116. Köster W: ABC transporter-mediated uptake of iron, siderophores, heme and vitamin B12. Res Microbiol 152, 291-301 (2001)
117. Mademidis A, H. Killmann, W. Kraas, I. Flechsler, G. Jung, & V. Braun: ATP-dependent ferric hydroxamate transport system in Escherichia coli: periplasmic FhuD interacts with a periplasmic and with a transmembrane/ cytoplasmic region of the integral membrane protein FhuB, as revealed by competitive peptide mapping. Mol Microbiol 26, 1109-1123 (1997)
118. Böhm B, H. Boschert & W. Köster: Conserved amino acids in the N- and C-terminal domains of integral membrane transporter FhuB define sites important for intra- and intermolecular interaction. Mol Microbiol 20, 223-232 (1996)
119. Angerer A, S. Gaisser & V. Braun: Nucleotide sequences of the sfuA, sfuB, and sfuC genes of Serratia marcescens suggest a periplasmic-binding- protein-dependent iron transport mechanism. J Bacteriol 172, 572-578 (1990)
120. Rohde K. H. & D. W. Dyer: Mechanisms of iron acquisition by the human pathogens Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Front Biosci 8, d1186-d1218 (2003)
121. Sanders J. D, L. D. Cope & E. J. Hansen: Identification of a locus involved in the utilization of iron by Haemophilus influenzae. Infect Immun 62, 4515-4525 (1994)
122. Adhikari P, S. D. Kirby, A. J. Nowalk, K. L. Veraldi, A. B. Schryvers & T. A. Mietzner: Biochemical characterization of a Haemophilus influenzae periplasmic iron transport operon. J Biol Chem 270, 25142-25149 (1995)
123. Gong S, S. W. Bearden, V. A. Geoffroy, J. D. Fetherston & R. D. Perry: Characterization of the Yersinia pestis Yfu ABC inorganic iron transport system. Infect Immun 69, 2829-2837 (2001)
124. Saken E, A. Rakin & J. Heesemann: Molecular characterization of a novel siderophore-independent iron transport system in Yersinia. Int J Med Microbiol 290, 51-60 (2000)
125. Schryvers A. B & I. Stojiljkovic: Iron acquisition systems in the pathogenic Neisseria. Mol Microbiol 32, 1117-1123 (1999)
126. Adhikari P, S. A. Berish, A. J. Nowalk, K. L. Veraldi, S. A. Morse & T. A. Mietzner. The fbpABC locus of Neisseria gonorrhoeae functions in the periplasm-to-cytosol transport of iron. J Bacteriol 178, 2145-2149. (1996)
127. Khun H. H, V. Deved, H. Wong & B. C. Lee: fbp gene cluster in Neisseria meningitidis is transcribed as an operon. Infect Immun 68, 7166-7171 (2000)
128. Berish S. A, D. Kapczunski & S. A. Morse: Nucleotide sequence of the Fbp gene from Neisseria meningitidis. Nucleic Acids Res 18, 4596 (1990)
129. Berish S. A, C.-Y. Chen, T. A. Mietzner & S. A. Morse: Expression of a functional neisserial fbp gene in Escherichia coli. Mol Microbiol 6, 2607-2615 (1992)
130. Chen C.-Y, S. A. Berish, S. A. Morse & T. A. Mietzner: The ferric iron-binding protein of pathogenic Neisseria spp. functions as a periplasmic transport protein in iron acquisition from human transferrin. Mol Microbiol 10, 311-318 (1993)
131. Bruns C. M, A. J. Nowalk, A. S. Avrai, M. A. McTigue, K. A. Vaughan, T. A. Mietzner & D. E. McRee: Structure of Haemophilus influenzae Fe3+-binding protein reveals convergent evolution within a superfamily. Nature Struct Biol 4: 919-924 (1997)
132. Shouldice S. R, D. R. Dougan, P. A. Williams, R. J. Skene, G. Snell, D. Scheibe, S. Kirby, D. J. Hosfield, D. E. McRee, A. B. Schryvers & L. W. Tari: Crystal structure of Pasteurella haemolytica ferric ion-binding protein a reveals a novel class of bacterial iron-binding proteins. J Biol Chem 278, 41093-41098 (2003)
133. Jenkinson H.F: Cell surface protein receptors in oral streptococci. FEMS Microbiol Lett 121, 133-140 (1994)
134. Fenno J. C, A. Shaikh, G. Spatafora & P Fives-Taylor: The fimA locus of Streptococcus parasanguis encodes an ATP-binding membrane transport system. Mol Microbiol 15, 849-863 (1995)
135. Kolenbrander P. E, R. N. Andersen & N. Ganeshkumar: Nucleotide sequence of the Streptococcus gordonii PK488 coaggregation adhesin gene, scaA, and ATP-binding cassette. Infect Immun 62, 4469-4480 (1994)
136. Burnette-Curley D, V. Wells, H. Viscount, C. L. Munro, J. C. Fenno, P. Fives-Taylor, F. L. Macrina & H. F Jenkinson: Genetic analysis of adherence by oral streptococci. J Ind Microbiol 15, 186-192 (1995)
137. 2+ uptake. J Bacteriol 180, 290-295 (1998)
138. Claverys J. P: A new family of high-affinity ABC manganese and zinc permeases. Res Microbiol 152, 231-243 (2001)
139. Janakiraman A. & J. M. Slauch: The putative iron transport system SitABCD encoded on SPI1 is required for full virulence of Salmonella typhimurium. Mol Microbiol 35, 1146-1155 (2000)
140. 2+ transporter of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. J Bacteriol 184, 3159-3166 (2002)
141. Platero R. A, M. Jaureguy, F. J. Battistoni & E. R. Fabiano: Mutations in sitB and sitD genes affect manganese-growth requirements in Sinorhizobium meliloti. FEMS Microbiol Lett 218, 65-70 (2003)
142. Bearden S. W, T. M. Staggs & R. D. Perry: An ABC transporter system of Yersinia pestis allows utilization of chelated iron by Escherichia coli SAB11. J Bacterial 180, 1135-1147(1998)
143. Bearden S.W. & R. D. Perry: The Yfe system of Yersinia pestis transports iron and manganese and is required for full virulence of plague. Mol Microbiol 32, 403-14 (1999)
144. Banerjee S, B. Wei, M. Bhattacharyya-Pakrasi, H. B. Pakrasi & T. J. Smith : Structural determinants of metal specificity in the zinc transport protein ZnuA from Synechocystis 6803. J Mol Biol 333, 1061-1069 (2003)
145. Dintilhac A. & J. P. Claverys: The adc locus, which affects competence for genetic transformation in Streptococcus pneumoniae, encodes an ABC transporter with a putative lipoprotein homologous to a family of streptococcal adhesins. Res Microbiol 148, 119-131 (1997)
146. Fetherston J. D, V. J. Bertolino & R. D. Perry: YbtP and YbtQ: two ABC transporters required for iron uptake in Yersinia pestis. Mol Microbiol 32, 289-299 (1999)
147. Brem D, C. Pelludat, A. Rakin, C. A. Jacobi & J. Heesemann: Functional analysis of yersiniabactin transport genes of Yersinia enterocolitica. Microbiology 147, 1115-1127 (2001)
148. Choi J. Y, C. D. Sifri, B. C. Goumnerov, L. G. Rahme, F. M. Ausubel & S. B. Calderwood: Identification of virulence genes in a pathogenic strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by representational difference analysis. J Bacteriol 184, 952-961 (2002)
149. Kunkle C. A. & M. P. Schmitt: Analysis of the Corynebacterium diphtheriae DtxR regulon: identification of a putative siderophore synthesis and transport system that is similar to the Yersinia high-pathogenicity island-encoded yersiniabactin synthesis and uptake system. J Bacteriol 185, 6826-6840 (2003)