Gene expression signatures define novel oncogenic pathways in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Cancer Cell

Volumn 1, Issue 1, 2002, Pages 75-87

  Ferrando, Adolfo A ^a   Neuberg, Donna S ^a   Staunton, Jane ^b   Loh, Mignon L ^c,e   Huard, Christine ^b,f   Raimondi, Susana C ^d   Behm, Fred G ^d   Pui, Ching Hon ^d   Downing, James R ^d   Gilliland, D Gary ^c   Lander, Eric S ^b   Golub, Todd R ^a,b   Look, A Thomas ^a  

^a HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^b WHITEHEAD INSTITUTE FOR BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH   (United States)

^c BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^d ST JUDE CHILDREN S RESEARCH HOSPITAL   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^f MILLENNIUM PHARMACEUTICALS INC   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; CANCER GENETICS; CELL MATURATION; CHILD; CHROMOSOME ABERRATION; CLUSTER ANALYSIS; DNA MICROARRAY; FEMALE; GENE EXPRESSION; GENE IDENTIFICATION; HOX GENE; HUMAN; INFANT; LEUKEMOGENESIS; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; ONCOGENE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; T CELL LEUKEMIA; T LYMPHOCYTE; THYMOCYTE; UNINDEXED SEQUENCE; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL TRANSFORMATION; GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING; GENETICS; METABOLISM; PATHOLOGY; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PRESCHOOL CHILD; SURVIVAL RATE;

BASIC HELIX LOOP HELIX TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; DNA BINDING PROTEIN; HOMEODOMAIN PROTEIN; LMO1 PROTEIN, HUMAN; LMO2 PROTEIN, HUMAN; LYL1 PROTEIN, HUMAN; MEMBRANE ANTIGEN; METALLOPROTEIN; ONCOPROTEIN; TAL1 PROTEIN, HUMAN; TLX1 PROTEIN, HUMAN; TLX3 PROTEIN, HUMAN; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; TUMOR MARKER; TUMOR PROTEIN;

ADOLESCENT; ANTIGENS, SURFACE; BASIC HELIX-LOOP-HELIX TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL TRANSFORMATION, NEOPLASTIC; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; DNA-BINDING PROTEINS; FEMALE; GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING; HOMEODOMAIN PROTEINS; HUMANS; INFANT; LEUKEMIA, T-CELL, ACUTE; MALE; METALLOPROTEINS; NEOPLASM PROTEINS; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE ARRAY SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; ONCOGENE PROTEINS; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS; SURVIVAL RATE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; TUMOR MARKERS, BIOLOGICAL;

EID: 17144474314     PISSN: 15356108     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1535-6108(02)00018-1     Document Type: Article

References (92)

1. Allzadeh, A.A., Elsen, M.B., Davis, R.E., Ma, C., Lossos, I.S., Rosenwald, A., Boldrick, J.C., Sabet, H., Ran, T., Yu, X., et al. (2000). Distinct types of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma identified by gene expression profiling. Nature 403, 503-511.
2. Aplan, P.D., Lombardi, D.P., Ginsberg, A.M., Cossman, J., Bertness, V.L., and Kirsch, I.R. (1990). Disruption of the human SCL locus by "illegitimate" V-(D)-J recombinase activity. Science 250, 1426-1429.
3. Aplan, P.D., Lombardi, D.P., and Kirsch, I.R. (1991). Structural characterization of SIL, a gene frequently disrupted in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Mol. Cell. Biol. 11, 5462-5469.
4. Aplan, P.D., Lombardi, D.P., Reaman, G.H., Sather, H.N., Hammond, G.D., and Kirsch, I.R. (1992). Involvement of the putative hematopoietic transcription factor SCL in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 79, 1327-1333.
5. Baer, R. (1993). TAL1, TAL2, and LYL1: a family of basic helix-loop-helix proteins implicated in T cell acute leukaemia. Sem. Cancer Biol. 4, 341-347.
6. Bain, G., Engel, I., Maandag, E.C., te Riele, H.P.J., Voland, J.R., Sharp, L.L., Chun, J., Huey, B., Pinkel, D., and Murre, C. (1997). E2A deficiency leads to abnormalities in αβ T-cell development and to rapid development of T-cell lymphomas. Mol. Cell. Biol. 17, 4782-4891.
7. Bash, R.O., Hall, S., Timmons, C.F., Crist, W.M., Amylon, M., Smith, R.G., and Baer, R. (1995). Does activation of the TAL1 gene occur in a majority of patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia? A Pediatric Oncology Group study. Blood 86, 666-676.
8. Begley, C.G., and Green, A.R. (1999). The SCL gene: from case report to critical hematopoietic regulator. Blood 93, 2760-2770.
9. Begley, C.G., Aplan, P.D., Davey, M.P., Nakahara, K., Tchorz, K., Kurtzberg, J., Hershfield, M.S., Haynes, B.F., Cohen, D.I., Waldmann, T.A., et al. (1989). Chromosomal translocation in a human leukemic stem-cell line disrupts the T-cell antigen receptor delta-chain diversity region and results in a previously unreported fusion transcript. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86, 2031-2035.
10. Behm, F.G., Raimondi, S.C., Frestedt, J.L., Liu, Q., Crist, W.M., Downing, J.R., Rivera, G.K., Kersey, J.H., and Pui, C.H. (1996). Rearrangement of the MLL gene confers a poor prognosis in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia, regardless of presenting age. Blood 87, 2870-2877.
11. Bene, M.C., Castoldi, G., Knapp, W., Ludwig, W.D., Matutes, E., Orfao, A., and van't Veer, M.B. (1995). Proposals for the immunological classification of acute leukemias. European Group for the Immunological Characterization of Leukemias (EGIL). Leukemia 9, 1783-1786.
12. Bernard, O., Guglielmi, P., Jonveaux, P., Cherif, D., Gisselbrecht, S., Mauchauffe, M., Berger, R., Larsen, C.J., and Mathieu-Mahul, D. (1990). Two distinct mechanisms for the SCL gene activation in the t(1;14) translocation of T-cell leukemias. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 1, 194-208.
13. Bernard, O., Lecointe, N., Jonveaux, P., Souyri, M., Mauchauffe, M., Berger, R., Larsen, C.J., and Mathieu-Mahul, D. (1991). Two site-specific deletions and t(1;14) translocation restricted to human T-cell acute leukemias disrupt the 5′ part of the tal-1 gene. Oncogene 6, 1477-1488.
14. Bernard, O.A., Busson-LeConiat, M., Ballerini, P., Mauchauffe, M., Della, V., Monni, R., Nguyen, K.F., Mercher, T., Penard-Lacronique, V., Pasturaud, P., et al. (2001). A new recurrent and specific cryptic translocation, t(5;14)(q35;q32), is associated with expression of the Hox11L2 gene in T acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 15, 1495-1504.
15. Boehm, T., Foroni, L., Kaneko, Y., Perutz, M.F., and Rabbitts, T.H. (1991). The rhombotin family of cysteine-rich LIM-domain oncogenes: distinct members are involved in T-cell translocations to human chromosomes 11p15 and 11p13. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 4367-4371.
16. Brown, L., Cheng, J.T., Chen, Q., Siciliano, M.J., Crist, W., Buchanan, G., and Baer, R. (1990). Site-specific recombination of the tal-1 gene is a common occurrence in human T cell leukemia. EMBO J. 9, 3343-3351.
17. INK4A deletion in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia predicts independent risk of relapse. Blood 97, 572-574.
18. Chen, Q., Cheng, J.T., Tasi, L.H., Schneider, N., Buchanan, G., Carroll, A., Crist, W., Ozanne, B., Siciliano, M.J., and Baer, R. (1990). The tal gene undergoes chromosome translocation in T cell leukemia and potentially encodes a helix-loop-helix protein. EMBO J. 9, 415-424.
19. Chervinsky, D.S., Zhao, X.-F., Lam, D.U., Ellsworth, M.K., Gross, K.W., and Aplan, P.D. (1999). Disordered T-cell development and T-cell malignancies in SCL LMO1 double-transgenic mice: parallels with E2A-deficient mice. Mol. Cell. Biol. 19, 5025-5035.
20. Chessells, J.M., Bailey, C., and Richards, S.M. (1995). Intensification of treatment and survival in all children with lymphoblastic leukaemia: results of UK Medical Research Council trial UKALL X. Medical Research Council Working Party on Childhood Leukaemia. Lancet 345, 143-148.
21. Condorelli, G.I., Facchiano, F., Valtieri, M., Proietti, E., Vitelli, I., Huebner, K., Peschle, C., and Croce, C.M. (1996). T-cell-directed TAL-1 expression induces T-cell malignancies in transgenic mice. Cancer Res. 56, 5113-5119.
22. Dear, T.N., Colledge, W.H., Carlton, M.B., Lavenir, I., Larson, T., Smith, A.J., Warren, A.J., Evans, M.J., Sofroniew, M.V., and Rabbitts, T.H. (1995). The Hox11 gene is essential for cell survival during spleen development. Development 121, 2909-2915.
23. Drexler, H.G. (1998). Review of alterations of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor INK4 family genes p15, p16, p18 and p19 in human leukemia-lymphoma cells. Leukemia 12, 845-859.
24. Dube, I.D., Kamel-Reid, S., Yuan, C.C., Lu, M., Wu, X., Corpus, G., Raimondi, S.C., Crist, W.M., Carroll, A.J., Minowada, J., and Baker, J.B. (1991). A novel human homeobox gene lies at the chromosome 10 breakpoint in lymphoid neoplasias with chromosomal translocation t(10;14). Blood 78, 2996-3003.
25. Engel, I., Johns, C., Bain, G., Rivera, R.R., and Murre, C. (2001). Early thymocyte development is regulated by modulation of E2A protein activity. J. Exp. Med. 194, 733-745.
26. Finger, L.R., Kagan, J., Christopher, G., Kurtzberg, J., Hershfield, M.S., Nowell, P.C., and Croce, C.M. (1989). Involvement of the TCL5 gene on human chromosome 1 in T-cell leukemia and melanoma. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86, 5039-5043.
27. Fitzgerald, T.J., Neale, G.A., Raimondi, S.C., and Goorha, R.M. (1991). c-tal, a helix-loop-helix protein, is juxtaposed to the T-cell receptor-beta chain gene by a reciprocal chromosomal translocation: t(1;7)(p32;q35). Blood 78, 2686-2695.
28. Galy, A., Verma, S., Barcena, A., and Spits, H. (1993). Precursors of CD3+CD4+CD8+ cells in the human thymus are defined by expression of CD34. Delineation of early events in human thymic development. J. Exp. Med. 178, 391-401.
29. Geng, L., Pfister, S., Kraeft, S.K., and Rudd, C.E. (2001). Adaptor FYB (Fyn-binding protein) regulates integrin-mediated adhesion and mediator release: differential involvement of the FYB SH3 domain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98, 11527-11532.
30. Golub, T.R., Slonim, D.K., Tamayo, P., Huard, C., Gassenbeek, M., Mesirov, J.P., Coller, H., Loh, M.L., Downing, J.R., Caligiuri, M.A., et al. (1999). Molecular classification of cancer: class discovery and class prediction by gene expression monitoring. Science 286, 531-537.
31. Greenberg, J.M., Boehm, T., Sofroniew, M.V., Keynes, R.J., Barton, S.C., Norris, M.L., Surani, M.A., Spillantini, M.G., and Rabbits, T.H. (1990). Segmental and developmental regulation of a presumptive T-cell oncogene in the central nervous system. Nature 344, 158-160.
32. Griffiths, E.K., Krawczyk, C., Kong, Y.Y., Raab, M., Hyduk, S.J., Bouchard, D., Chan, V.S., Kozieradzki, I., Oliveira-Dos-Santos, A.J., Wakeham, A., et al. (2001). Positive regulation of T cell activation and integrin adhesion by the adapter Fyb/Slap. Science 293, 2260-2263.
33. Hatano, M., Roberts, C.W., Minden, M., Crist, W.M., and Korsmeyer, S.J. (1991). Deregulation of a homeobox gene, HOX11, by the t(10;14) in T cell leukemia. Science 253, 79-82.
34. Hawley, R.G., Fong, A.Z., Reis, M.D., Zhang, N., Lu, M., and Hawley, T.S. (1997). Transforming function of the HOX11/TCL3 homeobox gene. Cancer Res. 57, 337-345.
35. Herblot, S., Steff, A.M., Hugo, P., Aplan, P.D., and Hoang, T. (2000). SCL and LMO1 alter thymocyte differentiation: inhibition of E2A-HEB function and pre-Talpha chain expression. Nat. Immunol. 1, 138-144.
36. Hsu, H.L., Wadman, I., and Baer, R. (1994). Formation of in vivo complexes between the TAL1 and E2A polypeptides of leukemic T cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91, 3181-3185.
37. Kawabe, T., Muslin, A.J., and Korsmeyer, S.J. (1997). HOX11 interacts with protein phosphatases PP2A and PP1 and disrupts a G2/M cell-cycle checkpoint. Nature 385, 454-458.
38. Keller, G., Wall, C., Fong, A.Z., Hawley, T.S., and Hawley, R.G. (1998). Overexpression of HOX11 leads to immortalization of embryonic precursors with both primitive and definitive hematopoietic potential. Blood 92, 877-887.
39. Kelliher, M.A., Seldin, D.C., and Leder, P. (1996). TAL-1 induces T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia accelerated by casein kinase IIα. EMBO J. 15, 5160-5166.
40. Kennedy, M.A., Gonzalez-Sarmiento, R., Kees, U.R., Lampert, F., Dear, N., Boehm, T., and Rabbitts, T.H. (1991). HOX11, a homeobox-containing T-cell oncogene on human chromosome 10q24. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 8900-8904.
41. Larson, R.C., Fisch, P., Larson, T.A., Lavenir, I., Langford, T., King, G., and Rabbitts, T.H. (1994). T cell tumours of disparate phenotype in mice transgenic for Rbtn-2. Oncogene 9, 3675-3681.
42. Larson, R.C., Lavenir, I., Larson, T.A., Baer, R., Warren, A.J., Wadman, I., Nottage, K., and Rabbitts, T.H. (1996). Protein dimerization between Lmo2 (Rbtn2) and Tal1 alters thymocyte development and potentiates T cell tumorigenesis in transgenic mice. EMBO J. 15, 1021-1027.
43. Look, A.T. (1997). Oncogenic transcription factors in the human acute leukemias. Science 278, 1059-1064.
44. Lu, M., Gong, Z.Y., Shen, W.F., and Ho, A.D. (1991). The tcl-3 proto-oncogene altered by chromosomal translocation in T-cell leukemia codes for a homeobox protein. EMBO J. 10, 2905-2910.
45. Ma, A., Pena, J.C., Chang, B., Margosian, E., Davidson, L., Alt, F.W., and Thompson, C.B. (1995). Bclx regulates the survival of double-positive thymocytes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92, 4763-4767.
46. McGuire, E.A., Hockett, R.D., Pollock, K.M., Bartholdi, M.F., O'Brien, S.J., and Korsmeyer, S.J. (1989). The t(11;14)(p15;q11) in a T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line activates multiple transcripts, including ttg-1, a gene encoding a potential zinc finger protein. Mol. Cell. Biol. 9, 2124-2132.
47. McGuire, E.A., Rintoul, C.E., Sclar, G.M., and Korsmeyer, S.J. (1992). Thymic overexpression of Ttg-1 in transgenic mice results in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma. Mol. Cell. Biol. 12, 4186-4196.
48. Mellentin, J.D., Smith, S.D., and Cleary, M.L. (1989). Lyl-I, A novel gene altered by chromosomal translocation in T-cell leukemia, codes for a protein with a helix-loop-helix DNA binding motif. Cell 58, 77-83.
49. Meshinchi, S., Woods, W.G., Stirewalt, D.L., Sweetser, D.A., Buckley, J.D., Tjoa, T.K., Bernstein, I.D., and Radich, J.P. (2001). Prevalence and prognostic significance of Flt3 internal tandem duplication in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 97, 89-94.
50. Min, H., Turck, C.W., Nikolic, J.M., and Black, D.L. (1997). A new regulatory protein, KSRP, mediates exon inclusion through an intronic splicing enhancer. Genes Dev. 11, 1023-1036.
51. Miyamoto, A., Cui, X., Naumovski, L., and Cleary, M.L. (1996). Helix-loop-helix proteins LYL1 and E2a form heterodimeric complexes with distinctive DNA-binding properties in hematolymphoid cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16, 2394-2401.
52. Murre, C. (2000). Intertwining proteins in thymocyte development and cancer. Nat. Immunol. 1, 97-98.
53. Nakao, M., Yokota, S., Iwai, T., Kaneko, H., Horiike, S., Kashima, K., Sonoda, Y., Fujimoto, T., and Misawa, S. (1996). Internal tandem duplication of the flt3 gene found in acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 10, 1911-1918.
54. Neale, G.A., Rehg, J.E., and Goorha, R.M. (1995). Ectopic expression of rhombotin-2 causes selective expansion of CD4-CD8-lymphocytes in the thymus and T-cell tumors in transgenic mice. Blood 86, 3060-3071.
55. INK4b/MTS2 in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 85, 2321-2330.
56. Palker, T.J., Fong, A.M., Scearce, R.M., Patel, D.D., and Haynes, B.F. (1998). Developmental regulation of lymphocyte-specific protein 1 (LSP1) expression in thymus during human T-cell maturation. Hybridoma 17, 497-507.
57. Park, S.T., and Sun, X.H. (1998). The Tal1 oncoprotein inhibits E47-mediated transcription. Mechanism of inhibition. J. Biol. Chem. 273, 7030-7037.
58. Peterson, E.J., Woods, M.L., Dmowski, S.A., Derimanov, G., Jordan, M.S., Wu, J.N., Myung, P.S., Liu, Q.H., Pribila, J.T., Freedman, B.D., et al. (2001). Coupling of the TCR to integrin activation by Slap-130/Fyb. Science 293, 2263-2265.
59. Pilarski, L.M., Turley, E.A., Shaw, A.R., Gallatin, W.M., Laderoute, M.P., Gillitzer, R., Beckman, I.G., and Zola, H. (1991). FMC46, a cell protrusion-associated leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 epitope on human lymphocytes and thymocytes. J. Immunol. 147, 136-143.
60. Pongers-Willemse, M.J., Seriu, T., Stolz, F., d'Aniello, E., Gameiro, P., Pisa, P., Gonzalez, M., Bartram, C.R., Panzer-Grumayer, E.R., Biondi, A., et al. (1999). Primers and protocols for standardized detection of minimal residual disease in acute lymphoblastic leukemia using immunoglobulin and T cell receptor gene rearrangements and TAL1 deletions as PCR targets: report of the BIOMED-1 CONCERTED ACTION: investigation of minimal residual disease in acute leukemia. Leukemia 13, 110-118.
61. Pui, C.H., and Evans, W.E. (1998). Acute lymphoblastic leukemia. N. Engl. J. Med. 33, 605-615.
62. Pullen, J., Shuster, J.J., Link, M., Borowitz, M., Amylon, M., Carroll, D., Land, V., Look, A.T., McIntyre, B., and Camitta, B. (1999). Significance of commonly used prognostic factors differs for children with T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), as compared to those with B-precursor ALL: a Pediatric Oncology Group (POG) study. Leukemia 13, 1696-1707.
63. Reed, J.C. (1995). Regulation of apoptosis by bcl-2 family proteins and its role in cancer and chemoresistance. Curr. Opin. Oncol. 7, 541-546.
64. Reinherz, E.L., and Schlossman, S.F. (1980). The differentiation and function of human T lymphocytes. Cell 19, 821-827.
65. Rivera, G.K., Raimondi, S.C., Hancock, M.L., Behm, F.G., Pui, C.-H., Abromowitch, M., Mirro, J., Jr., Ochs, J.S., Look, A.T., Williams, D.L., et al. (1991). Improved outcome in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia with reinforced early treatment and rotational combination chemotherapy. Lancet 337, 61-66.
66. Roberts, C.W.M., Shutter, J.R., and Korsmeyer, S.J. (1994). Hox11 controls the genesis of the spleen. Nature 368, 747-749.
67. Roberts, C.W., Galusha, S.A., McMenamin, M.E., Fletcher, C.D., and Orkin, S.H. (2000). Haploinsufficiency of Snf5 (integrase interactor 1) predisposes to malignant rhabdoid tumors in mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97, 13796-13800.
68. Rodewald, H.R., and Fehling, H.J. (1998). Molecular and cellular events in early thymocyte development. Adv. Immunol. 69, 1-112.
69. Royer-Pokora, B., Loos, U., and Ludwig, W.D. (1991). TTG-2, a new gene encoding a cysteine-rich protein with the LIM motif, is overexpressed in acute T-cell leukaemia with the t(11;14)(p13;q11). Oncogene 6, 1887-1893.
70. Rubnitz, J.E., Behm, F.G., Curcio-Brint, A.M., Pinheiro, R.P., Carroll, A.J., Raimondi, S.C., Shurtleff, S.A., and Downing, J.R. (1996). Molecular analysis of t(11;19) breakpoints in childhood acute leukemias. Blood 87, 4804-4808.
71. Rubnitz, J.E., Camitta, B.M., Mahmoud, H., Raimondi, S.O., Carroll, A.J., Borowitz, M.J., Shuster, J.J., Link, M.P., Pullen, D.J., Downing, J.R., et al. (1999a). Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia with the MLL-ENL fusion and t(11;19)(q23;p13.3) translocation. J. Clin. Oncol. 17, 191-196.
72. Rubnitz, J.E., Camitta, B.M., Mahmoud, H., Raimondi, S.C., Carroll, A.J., Borowitz, M.J., Shuster, J.J., Link, M.P., Pullen, D.J., Downing, J.R., et al. (1999b). Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia with the MLL-ENL fusion and t(11;19)(q23;p13.3) translocation. J. Clin. Oncol. 17, 191-196.
73. Schrappe, M., Reiter, A., Ludwig, W.D., Harbott, J., Zimmermann, M., Hiddemann, W., Niemeyer, C., Henze, G., Feldges, A., Zintl, F., et al. (2000). Improved outcome in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia despite reduced use of anthracyclines and cranial radiotherapy: results of trial ALL-BFM 90. German-Austrian-Swiss ALL-BFM Study Group. Blood 95, 3310-3322.
74. Shanahan, F., Seghezzi, W., Parry, D., Mahony, D., and Lees, E. (1999). Cyclin E associates with BAF155 and BRG1, components of the mammalian SWI-SNF complex, and alters the ability of BRG1 to induce growth arrest. Mol. Cell. Biol. 19, 1460-1469.
75. Shirasawa, S., Arata, A., Onimaru, H., Roth, K.A., Brown, G.A., Horning, S., Arata, S., Okumura, K., Sasazuki, T., and Korsmeyer, S.J. (2000). Rnx deficiency results in congenital central hypoventilation. Nat. Genet. 24, 287-290.
76. Silverman, L.B., Gelber, R.D., Dalton, V.K., Asselin, B.L., Barr, R.D., Clavell, L.A., Hurwitz, C.A., Moghrabi, A., Samson, Y., Schorin, M.A., et al. (2001). Improved outcome for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results of Dana-Farber Consortium Protocol 91-01. Blood 97, 1211-1218.
77. Tamayo, P., Slonim, D., Mesirov, J., Zhu, Q., Kitareewan, S., Dmitrovsky, E., Lander, E.S., and Golub, T.R. (1999). Interpreting patterns of gene expression with self-organizing maps: methods and application to hematopoietic differentiation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96, 2907-2912.
78. Terstappen, L.W., Huang, S., and Picker, L.J. (1992). Flow cytometric assessment of human T-cell differentiation in thymus and bone marrow. Blood 79, 666-677.
79. Terszowski, G., Jankowski, A., Hendriks, W.J., Rolink, A.G., and Kisielow, P. (2001). Within the hemopoietic system, LAR phosphatase is a T cell lineage-specific adhesion receptor-like protein whose phosphatase activity appears dispensable for T cell development, repertoire selection and function. Eur. J. Immunol. 31, 832-840.
80. Tomayko, M.M., Punt, J.A., Bolcavage, J.M., Levy, S.L., Allman, D.M., and Cancro, M.P. (1999). Expression of the Bcl-2 family member A1 is developmentally regulated in T cells. Int. Immunol. 11, 1753-1761.
81. Vacchio, M.S., Ashwell, J.D., and King, L.B. (1998). A positive role for thymus-derived steroids in formation of the T-cell repertoire. Ann. N Y Acad. Sci. 840, 317-327.
82. Valge-Archer, V.E., Osada, H., Warren, A.J., Forster, A., Li, J., Baer, R., and Rabbitts, T.H. (1994). The LIM protein RBTN2 and the basic helix-loop-helix protein TAL1 are present in a complex in erythroid cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91, 8617-8621.
83. Veis, D.J., Sentman, C.L., Bach, E.A., and Korsmeyer, S.J. (1993). Expression of the Bcl-2 protein in murine and human thymocytes and in peripheral T lymphocytes. J. Immunol. 151, 2546-2554.
84. Versteege, I., Sevenet, N., Lange, J., Rousseau-Merck, M.F., Ambros, P., Handgretinger, R., Aurias, A., and Delattre, O. (1998). Truncating mutations of hSNF5/INI1 in aggressive paediatric cancer. Nature 394, 203-206.
85. Wadman, I., Li, J., Bash, R.O., Forster, A., Osada, H., Rabbitts, T.H., and Baer, R. (1994). Specific in vivo association between the bHLH and LIM proteins implicated in human T cell leukemia. EMBO J. 13, 4831-4839.
86. Wadman, I.A., Osada, H., Grutz, G.G., Agulnick, A.D., Westphal, H., Forster, A., and Rabbitts, T.H. (1997). The LIM-only protein Lmo2 is a bridging molecule assembling an erythroid, DNA-binding complex which includes the TAL1, E47, GATA-1 and Ldb1/NLI proteins. EMBO J. 16, 3145-3157.
87. Wang, J., Jani-Sait, S.N., Escalon, E.A., Carroll, A.J., de Jong, P.J., Kirsch, I.R., and Aplan, P.D. (2000). The t(14;21)(q11.2;q22) chromosomal translocation associated with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia activates the BHLHB1 gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97, 3497-3502.
88. Wodicka, L., Dong, H., Mittmann, M., Ho, M.-H., and Lockhart, D.J. (1997). Genome-wide expression monitoring in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nat. Biotechnol. 15, 1359-1367.
89. Wong, A.K., Shanahan, F., Chen, Y., Lian, L., Ha, P., Hendricks, K., Ghaffari, S., Iliev, D., Penn, B., Woodland, A.M., et al. (2000). BRG1, a component of the SWI-SNF complex, is mutated in multiple human tumor cell lines. Cancer Res. 60, 6171-6177.
90. Xia, Y., Brown, L., Yang, C.Y., Tsan, J.T., Siciliano, M.J., Espinosa, R., III, Le Beau, M.M., and Baer, R.J. (1991). TAL2, a helix-loop-helix gene activated by the (7;9)(q34;q32) translocation in human T-cell leukemia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 11416-11420.
91. Yan, W., Young, A.Z., Soares, V.C., Kelley, R., Benezra, R., and Zhuang, Y. (1997). High incidence of T-cell tumors in E2A-null mice and E2A/Id1 double-knockout mice. Mol. Cell. Biol. 17, 7317-7327.
92. Yokota, S., Kiyoi, H., Nakao, M., Iwai, T., Misawa, S., Okuda, T., Sonoda, Y., Abe, T., Kahsima, K., Matsuo, Y., and Naoe, T. (1997). Internal tandem duplication of the FLT3 gene is preferentially seen in acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome among various hematological malignancies. A study on a large series of patients and cell lines. Leukemia 11, 1605-1609.