Novel molecular aspects of prostate carcinogenesis

Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy

Volumn 58, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 10-16

  Meyer, Hellmuth Alexander ^a   Ahrens Fath, Isabelle ^b   Sommer, Anette ^a   Haendler, Bernard ^a  

^a BAYER PHARMA AG   (Germany)

^b Paion Research Center   (Germany)

Author keywords

Androgen receptor; Expression profiling; Prostate cancer

Indexed keywords

ANDROGEN; ANDROGEN RECEPTOR; ANTIANDROGEN;

ARTICLE; CANCER DIAGNOSIS; CANCER RECURRENCE; CANCER TISSUE; CARCINOGENESIS; CASTRATION; DISEASE COURSE; DRUG TARGETING; GENE AMPLIFICATION; GENE EXPRESSION; GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING; GENE MUTATION; HUMAN; MOLECULAR BIOLOGY; OUTCOMES RESEARCH; POPULATION RESEARCH; PREDICTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSTATE ADENOCARCINOMA; PROSTATE CANCER; PROTEIN FUNCTION; STANDARD; TUMOR CELL; VALIDATION PROCESS;

EID: 1642565158     PISSN: 07533322     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2003.11.001     Document Type: Article

References (96)

1. Abrahamsson P.A. Neuroendocrine cells in tumour growth of the prostate. Endocr Relat Cancer. 6:1999;503-519.
2. Arnold J.T., Isaacs J.T. Mechanisms involved in the progression of androgen-independent prostate cancers: it is not only the cancer cell's fault. Endocr Relat Cancer. 9:2002;61-73.
3. Asmann Y.W., Kosari F., Wang K., Cheville J.C., Vasmatzis G. Identification of differentially expressed genes in normal and malignant prostate by electronic profiling of expressed sequence tags. Cancer Res. 62:2002;3308-3314.
4. Balk S.P. Androgen receptor as a target in androgen-independent prostate cancer. Urology. 60:2002;132-138. [discussion 8-9].
5. Blok L.J., de Ruiter P.E., Brinkmann A.O. Androgen receptor phosphorylation. Endocr Res. 22:1996;197-219.
6. Brooks J.D. Microarray analysis in prostate cancer research. Curr Opin Urol. 12:2002;395-399.
7. Brown R.S., Edwards J., Dogan A., Payne H., Harland S.J., Bartlett J.M., et al. Amplification of the androgen receptor gene in bone metastases from hormone-refractory prostate cancer. J Pathol. 198:2002;237-244.
8. Bussemakers M.J., van Bokhoven A., Verhaegh G.W., Smit F.P., Karthaus H.F., Schalken J.A., et al. DD3: a new prostate-specific gene, highly overexpressed in prostate cancer. Cancer Res. 59:1999;5975-5979.
9. Chen Z., Fan Z., McNeal J.E., Nolley R., Caldwell M.C., Mahadevappa M., et al. Hepsin and maspin are inversely expressed in laser capture microdissectioned prostate cancer. J Urol. 169:2003;1316-1319.
10. Chesire D.R., Ewing C.M., Sauvageot J., Bova G.S., Isaacs W.B. Detection and analysis of beta-catenin mutations in prostate cancer. Prostate. 45:2000;323-334.
11. Clegg N., Ferguson C., True L.D., Arnold H., Moorman A., Quinn J.E., et al. Molecular characterization of prostatic small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. Prostate. 55:2003;55-64.
12. Culig Z., Hobisch A., Cronauer M.V., Radmayr C., Hittmair A., Zhang J., et al. Regulation of prostatic growth and function by peptide growth factors. Prostate. 28:1996;392-405.
13. Cunha G.R., Hayward S.W., Wang Y.Z., Ricke W.A. Role of the stromal microenvironment in carcinogenesis of the prostate. Int J Cancer. 107:2003;1-10.
14. de Kok J.B., Verhaegh G.W., Roelofs R.W., Hessels D., Kiemeney L.A., Aalders T.W., et al. DD3(PCA3), a very sensitive and specific marker to detect prostate tumors. Cancer Res. 62:2002;2695-2698.
15. Denmeade S.R., Isaacs J.T. A history of prostate cancer treatment. Nat Rev Cancer. 2:2002;389-396.
16. Dhanasekaran S.M., Barrette T.R., Ghosh D., Shah R., Varambally S., Kurachi K., et al. Delineation of prognostic biomarkers in prostate cancer. Nature. 412:2001;822-826.
17. Eder I.E., Culig Z., Putz T., Nessler-Menardi C., Bartsch G., Klocker H. Molecular biology of the androgen receptor: from molecular understanding to the clinic. Eur Urol. 40:2001;241-251.
18. Eder I.E., Culig Z., Ramoner R., Thurnher M., Putz T., Nessler-Menardi C., et al. Inhibition of LnCaP prostate cancer cells by means of androgen receptor antisense oligonucleotides. Cancer Gene Ther. 7:2000;997-1007.
19. Edwards J., Krishna N.S., Grigor K.M., Bartlett J.M. Androgen receptor gene amplification and protein expression in hormone refractory prostate cancer. Br J Cancer. 89:2003;552-556.
20. El Sheikh S.S., Domin J., Abel P., Stamp G., Lalani el N. Androgen-independent prostate cancer: potential role of androgen and ErbB receptor signal transduction crosstalk. Neoplasia. 5:2003;99-109.
21. Ernst T., Hergenhahn M., Kenzelmann M., Cohen C.D., Bonrouhi M., Weninger A., et al. Decrease and gain of gene expression are equally discriminatory markers for prostate carcinoma: a gene expression analysis on total and microdissected prostate tissue. Am J Pathol. 160:2002;2169-2180.
22. Feldman B.J., Feldman D. The development of androgen-independent prostate cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 1:2001;34-45.
23. Fu M., Wang C., Reutens A.T., Wang J., Angeletti R.H., Siconolfi-Baez L., et al. p300 and p300/cAMP-response element-binding protein-associated factor acetylate the androgen receptor at sites governing hormone-dependent transactivation. J Biol Chem. 275:2000;20853-20860.
24. Fu M., Wang C., Wang J., Zhang X., Sakamaki T., Yeung Y.G., et al. Androgen receptor acetylation governs trans-activation and MEKK1-induced apoptosis without affecting in vitro sumoylation and trans-repression function. Mol Cell Biol. 22:2002;3373-3388.
25. Fujimoto N., Mizokami A., Harada S., Matsumoto T. Different expression of androgen receptor coactivators in human prostate. Urology. 58:2001;289-294.
26. Gandini O., Santulli M., Cardillo M.R., Stigliano A., Toscano V., Correspondence re: de Kok J.B., et al. DD3, a very sensitive and specific marker to detect prostate tumors. Cancer Res. 63:2003;4747.
27. Gaughan L., Logan I.R., Cook S., Neal D.E., Robson C.N. Tip60 and histone deacetylase 1 regulate androgen receptor activity through changes to the acetylation status of the receptor. J Biol Chem. 277:2002;25904-25913.
28. Geserick C., Meyer H.A., Barbulescu K., Haendler B. Differential modulation of androgen receptor action by deoxyribonucleic acid response elements. Mol Endocrinol. 17:2003;1738-1750.
29. Gregory C.W., He B., Johnson R.T., Ford O.H., Mohler J.L., French F.S., et al. A mechanism for androgen receptor-mediated prostate cancer recurrence after androgen deprivation therapy. Cancer Res. 61:2001;4315-4319.
30. Gross M., Liu B., Tan J., French F.S., Carey M., Shuai K. Distinct effects of PIAS proteins on androgen-mediated gene activation in prostate cancer cells. Oncogene. 20:2001;3880-3887.
31. Haendler B. Androgen-selective gene regulation in the prostate. Biomed Pharmacother. 56:2002;78-83.
32. Haendler B., Habenicht U.F., Schwidetzky U., Schüttke I., Schleuning W.D. Differential androgen regulation of the murine genes for cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISP). Eur J Biochem. 250:1997;440-446.
33. Haendler B., Krätzschmar J., Theuring F., Schleuning W.D. Transcripts for cysteine-rich secretory protein-1 (CRISP-1; DE/AEG) and the novel related CRISP-3 are expressed under androgen control in the mouse salivary gland. Endocrinology. 13:1993;192-198.
34. Haendler B., Schüttke I., Schleuning W.D. Androgen receptor signalling: comparative analysis of androgen response elements and implication of heat-shock protein 90 and 14-3-3η Mol Cell Endocrinol. 173:2001;63-73.
35. Han G., Foster B.A., Mistry S., Buchanan G., Harris J.M., Tilley W.D., et al. Hormone status selects for spontaneous somatic androgen receptor variants that demonstrate specific ligand and cofactor dependent activities in autochthonous prostate cancer. J Biol Chem. 27:2001;11204-11213.
36. Hansson J., Abrahamsson P.A. Neuroendocrine differentiation in prostatic carcinoma. Scand J Urol Nephrol Suppl. 212:2003;28-36.
37. Harris K.A., Reese D.M. Treatment options in hormone-refractory prostate cancer: current and future approaches. Drugs. 61:2001;2177-2192.
38. Heinlein C.A., Chang C. Androgen receptor (AR) coregulators: an overview. Endocr Rev. 23:2002;175-200.
39. Henshall S.M., Afar D.E., Hiller J., Horvath L.G., Quinn D.I., Rasiah K.K., et al. Survival analysis of genome-wide gene expression profiles of prostate cancers identifies new prognostic targets of disease relapse. Cancer Res. 63:2003;4196-4203.
40. (PCA3)-based molecular urine analysis for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Eur Urol. 44:2003;8-15.
41. Ho S.M., Lau K.M. DNA microarrays in prostate cancer. Curr Urol Rep. 3:2002;53-60.
42. Jemal A., Thomas A., Murray T., Thun M. Cancer statistics, 2002. CA Cancer J Clin. 52:2002;23-47.
43. Kang Y., Siegel P.M., Shu W., Drobnjak M., Kakonen S.M., Cordon-Cardo C., et al. A multigenic program mediating breast cancer metastasis to bone. Cancer Cell. 3:2003;537-549.
44. Kikuchi A. Tumor formation by genetic mutations in the components of the Wnt signaling pathway. Cancer Sci. 94:2003;225-229.
45. Kjeldsen L., Cowland J.B., Johnsen A.H., Borregaard N. SGP28, a novel matrix glycoprotein in specific granules of human neutrophils with similarity to a human testis-specific gene product and a rodent sperm-coating glycoprotein. FEBS Lett. 380:1996;246-250.
46. Koivisto P., Kononen J., Palmberg C., Tammela T., Hyytinen E., Isola J., et al. Androgen receptor gene amplification: a possible molecular mechanism for androgen deprivation therapy failure in prostate cancer. Cancer Res. 57:1997;314-319.
47. Kosari F., Asmann Y.W., Cheville J.C., Vasmatzis G. Cysteine-rich secretory protein-3: a potential biomarker for prostate cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 11:2002;1419-1426.
48. Kotaja N., Aittomaki S., Silvennoinen O., Palvimo J.J., Jänne O.A. ARIP3 (androgen receptor-interacting protein 3) and other PIAS (protein inhibitor of activated STAT) proteins differ in their ability to modulate steroid receptor-dependent transcriptional activation. Mol Endocrinol. 14:2000;1986-2000.
49. Kotaja N., Karvonen U., Jänne O.A., Palvimo J.J. PIAS proteins modulate transcription factors by functioning as SUMO-1 ligases. Mol Cell Biol. 22:2002;5222-5234.
50. Krätzschmar J., Haendler B., Eberspaecher U., Roosterman D., Donner P., Schleuning W.D. The human cysteine-rich secretory protein (CRISP) family. Primary structure and tissue distribution of CRISP-1, CRISP-2 and CRISP-3. Eur J Biochem. 236:1996;827-836.
51. Kuratsukuri K., Sugimura K., Harimoto K., Kawashima H., Kishimoto T. "Decoy" of androgen-responsive element induces apoptosis in LNCaP cells. Prostate. 41:1999;121-126.
52. Kwabi-Addo B., Giri D., Schmidt K., Podsypanina K., Parsons R., Greenberg N., et al. Haploinsufficiency of the Pten tumor suppressor gene promotes prostate cancer progression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 98:2001;11563-11568.
53. Leytus S.P., Loeb K.R., Hagen F.S., Kurachi K., Davie E.W. A novel trypsin-like serine protease (hepsin) with a putative transmembrane domain expressed by human liver and hepatoma cells. Biochemistry. 27:1988;1067-1074.
54. Li P., Nicosia S.V., Bai W. Antagonism between PTEN/MMAC1/TEP-1 and androgen receptor in growth and apoptosis of prostatic cancer cells. J Biol Chem. 276:2001;20444-20450.
55. Li P., Yu X., Ge K., Melamed J., Roeder R.G., Wang Z. Heterogeneous expression and functions of androgen receptor co-factors in primary prostate cancer. Am J Pathol. 161:2002;1467-1474.
56. Linja M.J., Savinainen K.J., Saramaki O.R., Tammela T.L., Vessella R.L., Visakorpi T. Amplification and overexpression of androgen receptor gene in hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Cancer Res. 61:2001;3550-3555.
57. Litvinov I.V., De Marzo A.M., Isaacs J.T. Is the Achilles' heel for prostate cancer therapy a gain of function in androgen receptor signaling? J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 88:2003;2972-2982.
58. Luo J., Duggan D.J., Chen Y., Sauvageot J., Ewing C.M., Bittner M.L., et al. Human prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia: molecular dissection by gene expression profiling. Cancer Res. 61:2001;4683-4688.
59. Magee J.A., Araki T., Patil S., Ehrig T., True L., Humphrey P.A., et al. Expression profiling reveals hepsin overexpression in prostate cancer. Cancer Res. 61:2001;5692-5696.
60. Magi-Galluzzi C., Luo J., Isaacs W.B., Hicks J.L., de Marzo A.M., Epstein J.I. Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase: a variably sensitive immunohistochemical marker for the diagnosis of small prostate cancer foci on needle biopsy. Am J Surg Pathol. 27:2003;1128-1133.
61. Mendoza N., Phillips G.L., Silva J., Schwall R., Wickramasinghe D. Inhibition of ligand-mediated HER2 activation in androgen-independent prostate cancer. Cancer Res. 62:2002;5485-5488.
62. Mestayer C., Blanchere M., Jaubert F., Dufour B., Mowszowicz I. Expression of androgen receptor coactivators in normal and cancer prostate tissues and cultured cell lines. Prostate. 56:2003;192-200.
63. Miyamoto H., Rahman M., Takatera H., Kang H.Y., Yeh S., Chang H.C., et al. A dominant-negative mutant of androgen receptor coregulator ARA54 inhibits androgen receptor-mediated prostate cancer growth. J Biol Chem. 277:2002;4609-4617.
64. Miyoshi Y., Ishiguro H., Uemura H., Fujinami K., Miyamoto H., Kitamura H., et al. Expression of AR associated protein 55 (ARA55) and androgen receptor in prostate cancer. Prostate. 56:2003;280-286.
65. Mora L.B., Buettner R., Seigne J., Diaz J., Ahmad N., Garcia R., et al. Constitutive activation of Stat3 in human prostate tumors and cell lines: direct inhibition of Stat3 signaling induces apoptosis of prostate cancer cells. Cancer Res. 62:2002;6659-6666.
66. Neumann F. The antiandrogen cyproterone acetate: discovery, chemistry, basic pharmacology, clinical use and tool in basic research. Exp Clin Endocrinol. 102:1994;1-32.
67. Pfisterer P., Konig H., Hess J., Lipowsky G., Haendler B., Schleuning W.D., et al. CRISP-3, a protein with homology to plant defense proteins, is expressed in mouse B cells under the control of Oct2. Mol Cell Biol. 16:1996;6160-6168.
68. Rahman M.M., Miyamoto H., Lardy H., Chang C. Inactivation of androgen receptor coregulator ARA55 inhibits androgen receptor activity and agonist effect of antiandrogens in prostate cancer cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 100:2003;5124-5129.
69. Rhodes D.R., Sanda M.G., Otte A.P., Chinnaiyan A.M., Rubin M.A. Multiplex biomarker approach for determining risk of prostate-specific antigen-defined recurrence of prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 95:2003;661-668.
70. Rubin M.A., Zhou M., Dhanasekaran S.M., Varambally S., Barrette T.R., Sanda M.G., et al. Alpha-methylacyl coenzyme A racemase as a tissue biomarker for prostate cancer. J Am Med Assoc. 287:2002;1662-1670.
71. Schmidt-Kittler O., Ragg T., Daskalakis A., Granzow M., Ahr A., Blankenstein T.J., et al. From latent disseminated cells to overt metastasis: genetic analysis of systemic breast cancer progression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 100:2003;7737-7742.
72. Shaffer D.R., Scher H.I. Prostate cancer: a dynamic illness with shifting targets. Lancet Oncol. 4:2003;407-414.
73. Singh D., Febbo P.G., Ross K., Jackson D.G., Manola J., Ladd C., et al. Gene expression correlates of clinical prostate cancer behavior. Cancer Cell. 1:2002;203-209.
74. Smith P.C., Hobisch A., Lin D.L., Culig Z., Keller E.T. Interleukin-6 and prostate cancer progression. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 12:2001;33-40.
75. Sommer A., Haendler B. Androgen receptor and prostate cancer: molecular aspects and gene expression profiling. Curr Opin Drug Discov Dev. 6:2003;702-711.
76. Song L.N., Herrell R., Byers S., Shah S., Wilson E.M., Gelmann E.P. β-Catenin binds to the activation function 2 region of the androgen receptor and modulates the effects of the N-terminal domain and TIF2 on ligand-dependent transcription. Mol Cell Biol. 23:2003;1674-1687.
77. Srikantan V., Valladares M., Rhim J.S., Moul J.W., Srivastava S. Hepsin inhibits cell growth/invasion in prostate cancer cells. Cancer Res. 62:2002;6812-6816.
78. Sun M., Yang L., Feldman R.I., Sun X.M., Bhalla K.N., Jove R., et al. Activation of phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase/Akt pathway by androgen. J Biol Chem. 278:2003;42992-43000.
79. Taplin M.E., Bubley G.J., Ko Y.J., Small E.J., Upton M., Rajeshkumar B., et al. Selection for androgen receptor mutations in prostate cancers treated with androgen antagonist. Cancer Res. 59:1999;2511-2515.
80. Torres-Rosado A., O'Shea K.S., Tsuji A., Chou S.H., Kurachi K. Hepsin, a putative cell-surface serine protease, is required for mammalian cell growth. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 90:1993;7181-7185.
81. Truica C.I., Byers S., Gelmann E.P. Beta-catenin affects androgen receptor transcriptional activity and ligand specificity. Cancer Res. 60:2000;4709-4713.
82. Udby L., Cowland J.B., Johnsen A.H., Sorensen O.E., Borregaard N., Kjeldsen L. An ELISA for SGP28/CRISP-3, a cysteine-rich secretory protein in human neutrophils, plasma, and exocrine secretions. J Immunol Methods. 263:2002;43-55.
83. Vanaja D.K., Cheville J.C., Iturria S.J., Young C.Y. Transcriptional silencing of zinc finger protein 185 identified by expression profiling is associated with prostate cancer progression. Cancer Res. 63:2003;3877-3882.
84. Varambally S., Dhanasekaran S.M., Zhou M., Barrette T.R., Kumar-Sinha C., Sanda M.G., et al. The polycomb group protein EZH2 is involved in progression of prostate cancer. Nature. 419:2002;624-629.
85. Verger A., Perdomo J., Crossley M. Modification with SUMO. A role in transcriptional regulation. EMBO Rep. 4:2003;137-142.
86. Welsh J.B., Sapinoso L.M., Su A.I., Kern S.G., Wang-Rodriguez J., Moskaluk C.A., et al. Analysis of gene expression identifies candidate markers and pharmacological targets in prostate cancer. Cancer Res. 61:2001;5974-5978.
87. Wen Y., Hu M.C., Makino K., Spohn B., Bartholomeusz G., Yan D.H., et al. HER-2/neu promotes androgen-independent survival and growth of prostate cancer cells through the Akt pathway. Cancer Res. 60:2000;6841-6845.
88. Wright M.E., Tsai M.J., Aebersold R. Androgen receptor represses the neuroendocrine transdifferentiation process in prostate cancer cells. Mol Endocrinol. 17:2003;1726-1737.
89. Wu Q., Yu D., Post J., Halks-Miller M., Sadler J.E., Morser J. Generation and characterization of mice deficient in hepsin, a hepatic transmembrane serine protease. J Clin Invest. 101:1998;321-326.
90. Yang S.H., Jaffray E., Hay R.T., Sharrocks A.D. Dynamic interplay of the SUMO and ERK pathways in regulating Elk-1 transcriptional activity. Mol Cell. 12:2003;63-74.
91. Yang X.J., Laven B., Tretiakova M., Blute R.D. Jr, Woda B.A., Steinberg G.D., et al. Detection of alpha-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase in postradiation prostatic adenocarcinoma. Urology. 62:2003;282-286.
92. Zegarra-Moro O.L., Schmidt L.J., Huang H., Tindall D.J. Disruption of androgen receptor function inhibits proliferation of androgen-refractory prostate cancer cells. Cancer Res. 62:2002;1008-1013.
93. Zhang L., Johnson M., Le K.H., Sato M., Ilagan R., Iyer M., et al. Interrogating androgen receptor function in recurrent prostate cancer. Cancer Res. 63:2003;4552-4560.
94. Zheng S.L., Chang B.L., Faith D.A., Johnson J.R., Isaacs S.D., Hawkins G.A., et al. Sequence variants of alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase are associated with prostate cancer risk. Cancer Res. 62:2002;6485-6488.
95. Zhou M., Chinnaiyan A.M., Kleer C.G., Lucas P.C., Rubin M.A. Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase: a novel tumor marker over-expressed in several human cancers and their precursor lesions. Am J Surg Pathol. 26:2002;926-931.
96. Zhou M., Jiang Z., Epstein J.I. Expression and diagnostic utility of alpha-methylacyl-CoA-racemase (P504S) in foamy gland and pseudohyperplastic prostate cancer. Am J Surg Pathol. 27:2003;772-778.