Raphe Nuclei

The Human Nervous System: Second Edition

Volumn , Issue , 2003, Pages 424-448

  Hornung, Jean Pierre ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LAUSANNE   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0347709752     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-012547626-3/50014-4     Document Type: Chapter

References (278)

1. Aas J.E., Brodal P., Baughman R.W., Storm-Mathisen J. Projections to the pontine nuclei from choline acetyltransferase-like immunoreactive neurons in the brain stem of the cat. J. Comp. Neurol. 1990, 300:183-195.
2. Acsády L., Halasy K., Freund T.F. Calretinin is present in non-pyramidal cells of the rat hippocampus-III. Their inputs from the median raphe and medial septal nuclei. Neuroscience 1993, 52:829-841.
3. Aghajanian G.K., Marek G.J. Serotonin induces excitatory postsynaptic potentials in apical dendrites of neocortical pyramidal cells. Neuropharmacology 1997, 36:589-599.
4. Aitken A.R., Törk I. Early development of serotonin-containing neurons and pathways as seen in wholemount preparations of the fetal rat brain. J. Comp. Neurol. 1988, 274:32-47.
5. Allen G.V., Cechetto D.F. Serotoninergic and non-serotoninergic neurons in the medullary raphe system have axon collateral projections to autonomic and somatic cell groups in the medulla and spinal cord. J. Comp. Neurol. 1994, 350:357-366.
6. Antal M., Petkó M., Polgár E., Heizmann C.W., Storm-Mathisen J. Direct evidence of an extensive GABAergic innervation of the spinal dorsal horn by fibres descending from the rostral ventromedial medulla. Neuroscience 1996, 73:509-518.
7. Arai R., Kimura H., Nagatsu I., Maeda T. Preferential localization of monoamine oxidase type A activity in neurons of the locus coeruleus and type B activity in neurons of the dorsal raphe nucleus of the rat: a detailed enzyme histochemical study. Brain Res. 1997, 745:352-356.
8. Arita H., Sakamoto M., Hirokawa Y., Okado N. Serotonin innervation patterns differ among the various medullary motoneuronal groups involved in upper airway control. Exp. Brain Res. 1993, 95:100-110.
9. 2 receptors in cats. Neurosci. Lett. 1995, 197:113-116.
10. Assal F., Valenza N., Landis T., Hornung J.P. Clinico-anatomical correlates of a Fou rire prodromique in a pontine infarction. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 2000, 69:697-698.
11. Azmitia E.C., Segal M. An autoradiographic analysis of the differential ascending projections of the dorsal and median raphe nuclei in the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 1978, 179:641-668.
12. Azmitia E.C., Gannon P.J. The ultrastructural localization of serotonin immunoreactivity in myelinated and unmyelinated axons within the medial forebrain bundle of rat and monkey. J. Neurosci. 1983, 3:2083-2090.
13. Azmitia E.C., Gannon P.J. The primate serotonergic system: a review of human and animal studies and a report on Macaca fascicularis. Advances in Neurology 1986, Vol. 43:407-468. Myoclonus, Raven Press, New York. S. Fahn (Ed.).
14. Azmitia E.C. The CNS serotonergic system: progression toward a collaborative organization. Psychopharmacology: The Third Generation of Progress 1987, 61-73. Raven Press, New York. H.Y. Meltzer (Ed.).
15. 1A receptor in primate brain neurons and glial cells. Neuropsychopharmacology 1996, 14:35-46.
16. Baker K.G., Halliday G.M., Hornung J.P., Geffen L.B., Cotton R.G.H., Törk I. Distribution, morphology and number of monoamine-synthesizing and substance P-containing neurons in the human dorsal raphe nucleus. Neuroscience 1991, 42:757-775.
17. Baker K.G., Halliday G.M., Halasz P., Hornung J.P., Geffen L.B., Cotton R.G., Tork I. Cytoarchitecture of serotonin-synthesizing neurons in the pontine tegmentum of the human brain. Synapse 1991, 7:301-320.
18. Baker K.G., Halliday G.M., Törk I. Cytoarchitecture of the human dorsal raphe nucleus. J. Comp. Neurol. 1992, 301:147-161.
19. Beaudet A., Descarries L. Quantitative data on serotonin nerve terminals in adult rat neocortex. Brain Res. 1976, 111:301-309.
20. Beaudet A., Descarries L. The monoamine innervation of rat cerebral cortex: synaptic and nonsynaptic axon terminals. Neuroscience 1978, 3:851-860.
21. Bell R., Hobson H. 5-HT1A receptor influences on rodent social and agonistic behavior: a review and empirical study. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 1994, 18:325-338.
22. Bengel D., Murphy L., Andrews A.M., Wichems C.H., Feltner D., Heils A., Mossner R., Westphal H., Lesch K.P. Altered brain serotonin homeostasis and locomotor insensitivity to 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine ("Ecstasy") in serotonin transporter-deficient mice. Mol. Pharmacol. 1998, 53:649-655.
23. Berger B., Trottier S., Verney C., Gaspar P., Alvarez C. Regional and laminar distribution of the dopamine and serotonin innervation in the macaque cerebral cortex: a radioautographic study. J. Comp. Neurol. 1988, 273:99-119.
24. Berger U.V., Grzanna R., Molliver M.E. Depletion of serotonin using p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) and reserpine protects against the neurotoxic effects of p-chloroamphetamine (PCA) in the brain. Exp. Neurol. 1989, 103:111-115.
25. 2 receptors in the rat orbito-frontal cortex: an in vivo electrophysiological study. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1999, 143:89-96.
26. Bernheimer H., Birkmayer W., Hornykiewicz O. Verteilung des 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) in Gehirn des Menschen und sein Verhalten bei Patienten mit Parkinsons-Syndrom. Klin. Wochenschr. 1961, 39:1056.
27. Beskow J., Gottfries C.G., Roos B.E., Winblad B. Determination of monoamine and monoamine metabolites in the human brain: post mortem studies in a group of suicides and in a control group. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 1976, 53:7-20.
28. Bird E.D. Chemical pathology of Huntington's disease. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 1980, 20:533-551.
29. Bishop G.A., Ho R.H. The distribution and origin of serotonin immunoreactivity in the rat cerebellum. Brain Res. 1985, 331:195-207.
30. Biver F., Wikler D., Lotstra F., Damhaut P., Goldman S., Mendlewicz J. Serotonin 5-HT2 receptor imaging in major depression: focal changes in orbito-insular cortex. Br. J. Psychiatry 1997, 171:444-448.
31. Bjarkam C.R., Sorensen J.C., Geneser F.A. Distribution and morphology of serotonin-immunoreactive neurons in the brain stem of the New Zealand white rabbit. J. Comp. Neurol. 1997, 380:507-519.
32. Björklund A., Hökfelt T. GABA and Neuropeptides in the CNS 1985, Part I, Elsevier, New York.
33. Björklund A., Hökfelt T., Kuhar M.J. Neuropeptides in the CNS 1990, Part II, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
34. Blessing W.W., Gai W.P. Caudal pons and medulla oblongata. The Primate Nervous System 1997, 139-215. Part I, Elsevier, Amsterdam. F.E. Bloom, A. Björklund, T. Hökfelt (Eds.).
35. Bobilier P., Seguin S., Petitjean F., Salvert D., Touret M., Jouvet M. The raphe nuclei of the cat brain stem: a topographical atlas of their efferent projections as revealed by autoradiography. Brain Res. 1976, 113:449-486.
36. Boutrel B., Franc B., Hen R., Hamon M., Adrien J. Key role of 5-HT1B receptors in the regulation of paradoxical sleep as evidenced in 5-HT1B knock-out mice. J. Neurosci. 1999, 19:3204-3212.
37. Braak H. Uber die Kerngebiete des menschlichen Hinstammes II. Die Raphekerne. Z. Zellforsch 1970, 107:123-141.
38. Brodal A. The reticular formation. Neurological Anatomy 1981, 411-447. Oxford University Press, Amsterdam. A. Brodal (Ed.).
39. Brodal A., Taber E., Walberg F. The raphe nuclei of the brain stem in the cat. II. Efferent connections. J. Comp. Neurol. 1960, 114:239-259.
40. Brunner D., Hen R. Insights into the neurobiology of impulsive behavior from serotonin receptor knockout mice. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1997, 836:81-105.
41. Brunner H.G., Nelen M.R., Breakefield X.O., Ropers H.H., van Oost B.A. Abnormal behavior associated with a point mutation in the structural gene for monoamine oxidase A. Science 1993, 262:578-580.
42. 2A receptor mRNA in human brain. Brain Res. 1995, 676:157-168.
43. Büttner-Ennever J.A., Cohen B., Pause M., Fries W. Raphe nucleus of the pons containing omnipause neurons of the oculomotor system in the monkey, and its homologue in man. J. Comp. Neurol. 1988, 267:307-321.
44. Campbell M.J., Lewis D.A., Foote S.L., Morrison J.H. Distribution of choline acetyltransferase-, serotonin-, dopamine-β-hydroxylase-, tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive fibers in monkey primary auditory cortex. J. Comp. Neurol. 1987, 261:209-220.
45. Cann-Moisan C., Girin E., Giroux J.D., Le Bras P., Caroff J. Changes in cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolites, tryptophan, and gamma-aminobutyric acid during the 1st year of life in normal infants. comparison with victims of sudden infant death syndrome. Biol. Neonate 1999, 75:152-159.
46. Carlsson A., Falck B., Fuxe K., Hillarp N.A. Cellular localization of monoamines in the spinal cord. Acta Physiol. Scand. 1964, 60:112-119.
47. Cases O., Seif I., Grimsby, Gaspar P., Chen K., Pournin S., Müller U., Aguet M., Babinet C., Shih J.C., De Maeyer E. Aggressive behavior and altered amounts of brain serotonin and norepinephrine in mice lacking MAOA. Science 1995, 268:1763-1766.
48. Cases O., Vitalis T., Seif I., De Maeyer E., Sotelo C., Gaspar P. Lack of barrels in the somatosensory cortex of monoamine oxidase A-deficient mice: role of a serotonin excess during the critical period. Neuron 1996, 16:297-307.
49. Cases O., Lebrand C., Giros B., Vitalis T., De Maeyer E., Caron M.G., Price D.J., Gaspar P., Seif I. Plasma membrane transporters of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine mediate serotonin accumulation in atypical locations in the developing brain of monoamine oxidase A knock-outs. J. Neurosci. 1998, 18:6914-6927.
50. 3H-serotonin. J. Comp. Neurol. 1977, 176:467-494.
51. Charara A., Parent A. Chemoarchitecture of the primate dorsal raphe nucleus. J. Chem. Neuroanat. 1998, 15:111-127.
52. Choi D.S., Ward S.J., Messaddeq N., Launay J.M., Maroteaux L. 5-HT2B receptor-mediated serotonin morphogenetic functions in mouse cranial crest and myocardiac cells. Development 1997, 124:745-1755.
53. Conrad L.C.A., Leonard C.M., Pfaff D.W. Connections of the median and dorsal raphe nuclei in the rat: an autoradiographic and degeneration study. J. Comp. Neurol. 1974, 156:179-206.
54. Constantino J.N., Morris J.A., Murphy D.L. CSF 5-HIAA and family history of antisocial personality disorder in newborns. Am. J. Psychiatry 1997, 154:1771-1773.
55. Cook E.H., Leventhal B.L. The serotonin system in autism. Curr. Opin. Pediatr. 1996, 8:348-354.
56. Cook E.H., Stein M.A., Ellison T., Unis A.S., Leventhal B.L. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and wholeblood serotonin levels: effects of comorbidity. Psychiatry Res. 1995, 57:13-20.
57. Corvaja N., Doucet G., Bolam J.P. Ultrastructure and synaptic targets of the raphe-nigral projection in the rat. Neuroscience 1993, 55:417-427.
58. Costa E., Aprison M.H. Studies of the 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) content in human brain. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 1958, 126:289-293.
59. Costa J.J.L., Averill S., Saavedra J.P., Priestley J.V. Serotonin innervation of enkephalin containing neurones in the rat spinal trigeminal nucleus. Neurosci. Lett. 1994, 168:167-171.
60. 1B serotonin receptors. Nature Genet. 1996, 14:98-101.
61. D'Amato R.J., Blue M.E., Largent B.L., Lynch D.R., Ledbetter D.J., Molliver M.E., Snyder S.H. Ontogeny of the serotonergic projection to rat neocortex: transient expression of a dense innervation to primary sensory areas. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1987, 84:4322-4326.
62. Dalhström A., Fuxe K. Evidence for the existence of monoamine-containing neurons in the central nervous system. I. Demonstration of monoamines in the cell bodies of brain stem neurons. Acta Physiol. Scand. 232 suppl. 1964, 62:1-55.
63. Datiche F., Luppi P.-H., Cattarelli M. Serotonergic and non-serotonergic projections from the raphe nuclei to the piriform cortex in the rat: a cholera toxin B subunit (CTb) and 5-HT immunohistochemical study. Brain Res. 1995, 671:27-37.
64. De Lima A.D., Bloom F.E., Morrison J.H. Synaptic organization of serotonin-immunoreactive fibers in primary visual cortex of the macaque monkey. J. Comp. Neurol. 1988, 274:280-294.
65. De Olmos J., Heimer L. Double and triple labeling of neurons with fluorescent substances. The study of collateral pathways in the ascending raphe system. Neurosci. Lett. 1980, 19:7-12.
66. DeFelipe J., Jones E.G. A light and electron microscopic study of serotonin- immunoreactive fibers and terminals in the monkey sensory-motor cortex. Exp. Brain Res. 1988, 71:171-182.
67. Del Fiacco M., Dessi M.L., Levanti M.C. Topographical localization of substance P in the human postmortem brain stem. An immunohistochemical study in the newborn and adult tissue. Neuroscience 1984, 12:591-611.
68. Dori I., Dinopoulos A., Blue M.E., Parnavelas J.G. Regional differences in the ontogeny of the serotonergic projection to the cerebral cortex. Exp. Neurol. 1996, 138:1-14.
69. 2 receptors in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness in the rat. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1989, 97:436-442.
70. Fallon J.H., Loughlin S.E. Monoamine innervation of cerebral cortex and a theory of the role of monoamines in cerebral cortex and basal ganglia. Cerebral Cortex 1987, Vol. 6:41-127. Plenum Press, Oxford. E.G. Jones, A. Peters (Eds.).
71. Felten D.L., Sladek J.R. Monoamine distribution in primate brain V. Monoaminergic nuclei: anatomy, pathways and local organization. Brain Res. Bull. 1983, 10:171-284.
72. Fields H.L., Heinricher M.M., Mason P. Neurotransmitters in nociceptive modulatory circuits. Ann. Rev. Neurosci. 1991, 14:219-245.
73. Fischer C., Hatzidimitriou G., Wlos J., Katz J., Ricaurte G. Reorganization of ascending 5-HT axon projections in animals previously exposed to the recreational drug (±)3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "ecstasy"). J. Neurosci. 1995, 15:5476-5485.
74. Fornal C.A., Metzler C.W., Marrosu F., Ribiero-do-Valle L.E., Jacobs B.L. A subgroup of dorsal raphe serotonergic neurons in the cat is strongly activated during oral-buccal movements. Brain Res. 1996, 716:123-133.
75. Frechilla D., Cobreros A., Saldise L., Moratalla R., Insausti R., Luquin M.R., Del Rio J. Serotonin 5-HT(1A) receptor expression is selectively enhanced in the striosomal compartment of chronic parkinsonian monkeys. Synapse 2001, 39:288-296.
76. Gang S., Nakazono Y., Aoki M., Aoki N. Differential projections to the raphe nuclei from the medial parabrachial-Kolliker-Fuse (NPBM-KF) nuclear complex and the retrofacial nucleus in cats: retrograde WGA-HRP tracing. J. Auton. Nerv. Syst. 1993, 45:241-244.
77. 2 receptor-mediated excitation of interneurons in piriform cortex: antagonism by atypical antipsychotic drugs. Neuroscience 1994, 58:515-525.
78. Gingrich J.A., Hen R. The broken mouse: the role of development, plasticity and environment in the interpretation of phenotypic changes in knockout mice. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 2000, 10:146-152.
79. 5A receptor. Neuron 1999, 22:1-20.
80. Green A.R., Cross A.J., Goodwin G.M. Review of the pharmacology and clinical pharmacology of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or "Ecstasy"). Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1995, 119:247-260.
81. Greenberg B.D., McMahon F.J., Murphy D.L. Serotonin transporter candidate gene studies in affective disorders and personality: promises and potential pitfalls. Mol. Psychiatry 1998, 3:186-189.
82. Grimsby J., Lan N.C., Neve R., Chen K., Shih J.C. Tissue distribution of human monoamine oxidase A and B mRNA. J. Neurochem. 1990, 55:1166-1169.
83. Gross C., Zhuang X., Stark K., Ramboz S., Oosting R., Kirby L., Santarelli L., Beck S., Hen R. Serotonin 1A receptor acts during development to establish normal anxiety-like behaviour in the adult. Nature 2002, 416:396-400.
84. Haan E.A., Jennings I.G., Cuello A.C., Nakata H., Fujisawa H., Chow C.W., Kushinsky R., Brittingham J., Cotton R.G.H. Identification of serotonergic neurons in human brain by a monoclonal antibody binding to all three aromatic amino acid hydroxylases. Brain Res. 1987, 426:9-27.
85. Hajos M., Richards C.D., Szekely A.D., Sharp T. An electrophysiological and neuroanatomical study of the medial prefrontal cortical projection to the midbrain raphe nuclei in the rat. Neuroscience 1998, 87:95-108.
86. Halasy K., Miettinen R., Szabat E., Freund T.F. GABAergic interneurons are the major postsynaptic targets of median raphe afferents in the rat dentate gyrus. Eur. J. Neurosci. 1992, 4:144-153.
87. Halliday G.M., Törk I. Comparative anatomy of the ventromedial mesencephalic tegmentum in the rat, cat, monkey and human. J. Comp. Neurol. 1986, 252:423-445.
88. Halliday G.M., Li Y.W., Joh .H., Cotton R.G.H., Howe P.R.C., Geffen L.B., Blessing W.W. Distribution of monoamine-synthesizing neurons in the human medulla oblongata. J. Comp. Neurol. 1988, 273:301-317.
89. Halliday G.M., Li Y.W., Joh T.H., Cotton R.G.H., Howe P.R.C., Geffen L.B., Blessing W.W. Distribution of substance P-like immunoreactive neurons in the human medulla oblongata: co-localization with monoamine-synthesizing neurons. Synapse 1988, 2:353-370.
90. Halliday G.M., Li Y.W., Oliver J.R., Joh T.H., Howe P.R.C., Geffen L.B., Blessing W.W. The distribution of neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactive neurons in the human medulla. Neuroscience 1988, 26:179-191.
91. Halliday G.M., Li Y.W., Blumbergs P.C., Joh T.H., Cotton R.G., Howe P.R., Blessing W.W., Geffen L.B. Neuropathology of immunohistochemically identified brain stem neurons in Parkinson's disease. Ann. Neurol. 1990, 27:373-385.
92. Halliday G.M., Ellis J., Heard R., Caine D., Harper C. Brain stem serotonergic neurons in chronic alcoholics with and without the memory impairment of Korsakoff's psychosis. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 1993, 52:567-579.
93. Harrison P.J. The neuropathology of schizophrenia. A critical review of the data and their interpretation. Brain 1999, 122:593-624. (Pt 4).
94. Herbert H. Evidence for projections from medullary nuclei onto serotonergic and dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain dorsal raphe nucleus of the rat. Cell Tissue Res. 1992, 270:149-156.
95. Hermann D.M., Luppi P.H., Peyron C., Hinckel P., Jouvet M. Afferent projections to the rat nuclei raphe magnus, raphe pallidus and reticularis gigantocellularis pars a demonstrated by iontophoretic application of choleratoxin (subunit b). J. Chem. Neuroanat. 1997, 13:1-21.
96. Hornung J.-P., Fritschy J.-M. Serotoninergic system in the brain stem of the marmoset: a combined immunocytochemical and three-dimensional reconstruction study. J. Comp. Neurol. 1988, 270:471-487.
97. Hornung J.-P., Kraftsik R. Three-dimensional reconstruction procedure using GKS primitives and software transformations for anatomical studies of the nervous system. Proceedings of the Computer Graphics International Meeting 1988, 555-564. Springer-Verlag, New York. N. Magnenat-Thalmann, D. Thalmann (Eds.).
98. Hornung J.-P., Fritschy J.-M., Törk I. Distribution of two morphologically distinct subsets of serotoninergic axons in the cerebral cortex of the marmoset. J. Comp. Neurol. 1990, 297:165-181.
99. Hornung J.-P., Celio M.R. The selective innervation by serotonergic axons of calbindin-containing interneurons in the neocortex and hippocampus of the marmoset. J. Comp. Neurol. 1992, 320:457-467.
100. Hornung J.-P., de Tribolet N. Chemical anatomy of the human cerebral cortex. Neurotransmitters in the human brain 1995, 41-60. D. Tracey, G. Paxinos, J. Stone (Eds.).
101. Hosogai M., Matsuo S., Sibahara T., Kawai Y. Projection of respiratory neurons in rat medullary raphe nuclei to the phrenic nucleus. Respir. Physiol. 1998, 112:37-50.
102. Hsu S.M., Raine L., Fanger H. Use of avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) in immunoperoxidase techniques: a comparison between ABC and unlabeled antibody (PAP) procedures. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 1981, 29:577-580.
103. Hubbard J.B., Di Carlo V. Fluorescence histochemistry of monoamine-containing cell bodies in the brain stem of the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) III. Serotonin-containing groups. J. Comp. Neurol. 1974, 153:385-396.
104. Imai H., Steindler D.A., Kitai S.T. The organization of divergent axonal projections from the midbrain raphe nuclei in the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 1986, 243:363-380.
105. Jacobowitz D.M., MacLean P.D. A brain stem atlas of catecholaminergic neurons and serotonergic perikarya in a pygmy primate (Cebuella pygmaea). J. Comp. Neurol. 1978, 177:397-416.
106. Jacobs B.L., Fornal C.A. Activity of brain serotonergic neurons in the behaving animal. Pharmacol. Rev. 1991, 43:563-578.
107. Jacobs B.L., Fornal C.A. Serotonin and motor activity. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 1997, 7:820-825.
108. Jacobs B., Gannon P.J., Azmitia E.C. Atlas of serotonergic cell bodies in the cat brain stem: an immunohistochemical study. Brain Res. Bull. 1984, 13:1-31.
109. Jacobs B.L., Foote S.L., Bloom F.E. Differential projections of neurons within the dorsal raphe nucleus of the rat: a horse-radish peroxidase (HRP) study. Brain Res. 1978, 147:149-153.
110. Jahng J.W., Houpt T.A., Wessel T.C., Chen K., Shih J.C., Joh T.H. Localization of monoamine oxidase A and B mRNA in the rat brain by in situ hybridization. Synapse 1997, 25:30-36.
111. Jahng J.W., Houpt T.A., Joh T.H., Son J.H. Differential expression of monoamine oxidase A, serotonin transporter, tyrosine hydroxylase and norepinephrine transporter mRNA by anorexia mutation and food deprivation. Dev. Brain Res. 1998, 107:241-246.
112. 2A serotonin receptors in the primate cerebral cortex: possible site of action of hallucinogenic and antipsychotic drugs in pyramidal cell apical dendrites. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1998, 95:735-740.
113. 3 receptors in inhibitory circuits of the primate cerebral cortex. J. Comp. Neurol. 2000, 417:337-348.
114. Jennes L., Stumpf W.E., Kalivas P.W. Neurotensin: topographical distribution in rat brain by immunohistochemistry. J. Comp. Neurol. 1982, 210:211-224.
115. Jones S.L., Light A.R. Serotoninergic medullary raphespinal projection to the lumbar spinal cord in the rat: a retrograde immunohistochemical study. J. Comp. Neurol. 1992, 322:599-610.
116. Joseph M.H., Baker H.F., Crow T.J., Riley G.J., Risby D. Brain tryptophan metabolism in schizophrenia: a post mortem study of metabolites and kynurenine pathways in schizophrenic and control subjects. Psychopharmacology 1979, 62:279-285.
117. Kaneko H., Kaunitz J., Tache Y. Vagal mechanisms underlying gastric protection induced by chemical activation of raphe pallidus in rats. Am. J. Physiol. 1998, 275:G1056-G1062.
118. Kapadia S.E., De Lanerolle N.C., LaMotte C.C. Immunocytochemical and electron microscopic study of serotonin neuronal organization in the dorsal raphe nucleus of the monkey. Neuroscience 1985, 15:729-746.
119. Kazakov V.N., Kravtsov P.Y., Krakhotkina E.D., Maisky V.A. Sources of cortical, hypothalamic and spinal serotonergic projections: topical organization within the nucleus raphe dorsalis. Neuroscience 1993, 56:157-164.
120. Kievit J., Kuypers H.G.J.M. Subcortical afferents to the frontal lobe in the rhesus monkey studied by means of retrograde horseradish peroxidase transport. Brain Res. 1975, 85:261-266.
121. Kish S.J., Shannak K., Hornykiewicz O. Elevated serotonin and reduced dopamine in subregionally divided Huntington's disease striatum. Ann. Neurol. 1987, 22:386-389.
122. Kitahama K., Kimura H., Maeda T., Jouvet M. Distribution of two types of monoamine oxidase-containing neurons in the cat medulla oblongata demonstrated by an improved histochemical method. Neuroscience 1987, 20:991-999.
123. Klauck S.M., Poustka F., Benner A., Lesch K.P., Poustka A. Serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene variants associated with autism?. Hum. Mol. Genet. 1997, 6:2233-2238.
124. Köhler C., Steinbusch H. Identification of serotonin and non-serotonin-containing neurons of the mid-brain raphe projecting to the entorhinal area and the hippocampal formation. A combined immunohistochemical and fluorescent retrograde tracing study in the rat brain. Neuroscience 1982, 7:951-975.
125. Kölliker A. Handbuch der Gewebelehre des Menschen 1893, Engelmann, Berlin.
126. Konradi C., Svoma E., Jellinger K., Riederer P., Denney R., Thibault J. Topographic immunocytochemical mapping of monoamine oxidase-A, monoamine oxidase-B and tyrosine hydroxylase in human post mortem brain stem. Neuroscience 1988, 26:791-802.
127. Koob G.F. Drugs of abuse: anatomy pharmacology and function of reward pathways. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 1992, 13:177-184.
128. Korte S.M., Meijer O.C., De Kloet E.R., Buwalda B., Keijser J., Sluyter F., van Oortmerssen G., Bohus B. Enhanced 5-HT1A receptor expression in forebrain regions of aggressive house mice. Brain Res. 1996, 736:338-343.
129. Kosofsky B.E., Kowall N.W. Demonstration of two morphologic classes of serotonergic fibers in human cortex. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 1989, 15:5.
130. Kosofsky B.E., Molliver M.E. The serotoninergic innervation of cerebral cortex: different classes of axon terminals arise from dorsal and median raphe nuclei. Synapse 1987, 1:153-168.
131. Kosofsky B.E., Molliver M.E., Morrison J.H., Foote S.L. The serotonin and norepinephrine innervation of primary visual cortex in the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis). J. Comp. Neurol. 1984, 230:168-178.
132. Lambe E.K., Krimer L.S., Goldman-Rakic P.S. Differential postnatal development of catecholamine and serotonin inputs to identified neurons in prefrontal cortex of Rhesus monkey. J. Neurosci. 2000, 20:8780-8787.
133. Lauder J.M. Neurotransmitters as growth regulatory signals: role of receptors and second messengers. Trends Neurosci. 1993, 16:233-240.
134. Lauder J.M., Krebs H. Serotonin as a differentiation signal in early neurogenesis. Dev. Neurosci. 1978, 1:15-30.
135. Lavdas A.A., Blue M.E., Lincoln J., Parnavelas J.G. Serotonin promotes the differentiation of glutamate neurons in organotypic slice cultures of the developing cerebral cortex. J. Neurosci. 1997, 17:7872-7880.
136. Leander P., Vrang N., Moller M. Neuronal projections from the mesencephalic raphe nuclear complex to the suprachiasmatic nucleus and the deep pineal gland of the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus). J. Comp. Neurol. 1998, 399:73-93.
137. Leanza G., Perez S., Pellitteri R., Russo A., Stanzani S. Branching serotonergic and non-serotonergic projections from caudal brain stem to the medial preoptic area and the lumbar spinal cord, in the rat. Neurosci. Lett. 1995, 200:5-8.
138. Lebrand C., Cases O., Adelbrecht C., Doye A., Alvarez C., El Mestikawy S., Seif I., Gaspar P. Transient uptake and storage of serotonin in developing thalamic neurons. Neuron 1996, 17:823-835.
139. Lebrand C., Cases O., Wehrlé R., Blakely R.D., Edwards R.H., Gaspar P. Transient developmental expression of monoamine transporters in the rodent forebrain. J. Comp. Neurol. 1998, 401:506-524.
140. Lesch K.P., Bengel D., Heils A., Sabol S.Z., Greenberg B.D., Petri S., Benjamin J., Muller C.R., Hamer D.H., Murphy D.L. Association of anxiety-related traits with a polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene regulatory region. Science 1996, 274:1527-1531.
141. Leung C.G., Mason P. Physiological properties of raphe magnus neurons during sleep and waking. J. Neurophysiol. 1999, 81:584-595.
142. Levine E.S., Jacobs B.L. Neurochemical afferents controlling the activity of serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus: microiontophoretic studies in the awake cat. J. Neurosci. 1992, 12:4037-4044.
143. Lewis D.A., Lieberman J.A. Catching up on schizophrenia. Natural history and neurobiology. Neuron 2000, 28:325-334.
144. Li Y.-Q., Takada M., Mizuno N. The sites of origin of serotoninergic afferent fibers in the trigeminal motor, facial, and hypoglossal nuclei in the rat. Neurosci. Res. 1993, 17:307-313.
145. Lidov H.G.W., Molliver M.E. Immunohistochemical study of the development of serotonergic neurons in the rat CNS. Brain Res. 1982, 78:45-46.
146. 2 receptors and uptake sites in the neocortex of the rhesus monkey. J. Comp. Neurol. 1989, 280:27-42.
147. Loewy A.D., McKellar S. Serotonergic projections from the ventral medulla to the intermediolateral cell column in the rat. Brain Res. 1981, 211:146-152.
148. Luque J.M., Kwan S.W., Abell C.W., Da Prada M., Richards J.G. Cellular expresion of mRNAs encoding monoamine oxidases A and B in the rat central nervous system. J. Comp. Neurol. 1995, 363:665-680.
149. Luque J.M., Bleuel Z., Hendrickson A., Richards J.G. Detection of MAO-A and MAO-B mRNAs in monkey brain stem by cross-hybridization with human oligonucleotide probes. Mol. Brain Res. 1996, 36:357-360.
150. 3 receptors on the induction of LTP in mossy fiber-CA3 system of guinea-pig hippocampal slices. Neurosci. Res. 1994, 18:277-282.
151. Maher P., Davis J.B. The role of monoamine metabolism in oxidative glutamate toxicity. J. Neurosci. 1996, 16:6394-6401.
152. Mamounas L.A., Molliver M.E. Evidence for dual serotonergic projections to neocortex: axons from the dorsal and median raphe nuclei are differentially vulnerable to the neurotoxin p-chloroamphetamine (PCA). Exp. Neurol. 1988, 102:23-36.
153. Mamounas L.A., Altar C.A., Blue M.E., Kaplan D.R., Tessarollo L., Lyons W.E. BDNF promotes the regenerative sprouting, but no survival, of injured serotonergic axons in the adult rat brain. J. Neurosci. 2000, 20:771-782.
154. Manaker S., Fogarty P.F. Raphespinal and reticulospinal neurons project to the dorsal vagal complex in the rat. Exp. Brain Res. 1995, 106:79-92.
155. Manaker S., Tischler L.J. Origin of serotoninergic afferents to the hypoglossal nucleus in the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 1993, 334:466-476.
156. Mann D.M.A., Yates P.O. Neurotransmitter deficits in Alzheimer's disease and in other dementing disorders. Human Neurobiol. 1986, 5:147-158.
157. Mann D.M.A., Yates P.O., Marcyniuk B. Monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems in presenile Alzheimer's disease and in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Clin. Neuropathol. 1984, 3:199-205.
158. Mantyh P.W., Peschanski M. Spinal projections from the periaqueductal grey and dorsal raphe in rat, cat and monkey. Neuroscience 1982, 11:2769-2776.
159. 2A receptors on interneurons in rat piriform cortex. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 1996, 278:1373-1382.
160. Mason P. Physiological identification of pontomedullary serotonergic neurons in the rat. J. Neurophysiol. 1997, 77:1087-1098.
161. Mason P. Central mechanisms of pain modulation. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 1999, 9:436-441.
162. May P.J., Baker H., Vidal P.-P., Spencer R.F., Baker R. Morphology and distribution of serotoninergic and oculomotor internuclear neurons in the cat midbrain. J. Comp. Neurol. 1987, 266:150-170.
163. McCann U.D., Ridenour A., Shaham Y., Ricaurte G.A. Serotonin neurotoxicity after (±) 3,4-methylene dioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "Ecstasy"): a controlled study in humans. Neuropsychopharmacology 1994, 10:129-138.
164. McDougle C.J., Naylor S.T., Cohen D.J., Aghajanian G.K., Heninger G.R., Price L.H. Effects of tryptophan depletion in drug-free adults with autistic disorder. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 1996, 53:993-1000.
165. McGeer P.L., Eccles J.C., McGeer E.G. Molecular Neurobiology of the Mammalian Brain 1987, Plenum Press, Leipzig.
166. McMahon L.L., Kauer J.A. Hippocampal interneurons are excited via serotonin-gated ion channels. J. Neurophysiol. 1997, 78:2493-2502.
167. Meessen H., Olszewsky J. A Cytoarchitectonic Atlas of the Rhombencephalon of the Rabbit 1949, S. Karger, New York.
168. Miettinen R., Freund T.F. Convergence and segregation of septal and median raphe inputs onto different subsets of hippocampal inhibitory interneurons. Brain Res. 1992, 594:263-272.
169. Mikkelsen J.D., Hay-Schmidt A., Larsen P.J. Central innervation of the rat ependyma and subcommissural organ with special reference to ascending serotoninergic projections from the raphe nuclei. J. Comp. Neurol. 1997, 384:556-568.
170. Milne R.J., Gamble G.D. Behavioural modification of bulbospinal serotonergic inhibition and morphine analgesia. Brain Res. 1990, 521:167-174.
171. Mitchell J.M., Lowe D., Fields H.L. The contribution of the rostral ventromedial medulla to the antinociceptive effects of systemic morphine in restrained and unrestrained rats. Neuroscience 1998, 87:123-133.
172. Moiseiwitsch J.R.D., Lauder J.M. Serotonin regulates mouse cranial neural crest migration. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1995, 92:7182-7186.
173. Mokler D.J., Lariviere D., Johnson D.W., Theriault N.L., Bronzino J.D., Dixon M., Morgane P.J. Serotonin neuronal release from dorsal hippocampus following electrical stimulation of the dorsal and median raphe nuclei in conscious rats. Hippocampus 1998, 8:262-273.
174. Molliver M.E., Grzanna R., Lidov H.G.W., Morrison J.H., Olschowka J.A. Monoamine systems in the cerebral cortex. Cytochemical Methods in Neuroanatomy 1982, 256-277. Alan R. Liss, New York. V. Chan-Palay, S.L. Palay (Eds.).
175. Molliver M.E., Berger U.V., Mamounas L.A., Molliver D.C., O'Hearn E., Wilson M.A. Neurotoxicity of MDMA and related compounds: anatomic studies. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1990, 600:640-664.
176. Montagne-Clavel J., Oliveras J.L. Are ventromedial medulla neuronal properties modified by chronic peripheral inflammation? A single-unit study in the awake, freely moving polyarthritic rat. Brain Res. 1994, 657:92-104.
177. Morrison J.H., Foote S.L., Molliver M.E., Bloom F.E., Lidov H.G.W. Noradrenergic and serotonergic fibers innervate complementary layers in monkey primary visual cortex: an immunohistochemical study. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1982, 79:2401-2405.
178. Morrison J.H., Foote S.L., Bloom F.E. Regional, laminar, developmental and functional characteristics of noradrenaline and serotonin innervation patterns in monkey cortex. Monoamine Innvervation of Cerebral Cortex 1984, 61-75. Alan R. Liss, New York. L. Descarries, T.R. Reader, H.H. Jasper (Eds.).
179. Morrison J.H., Foote S.L. Noradrenergic and serotoninergic innervation of cortical, thalamic, and tectal visual structures in old and new world monkeys. J. Comp. Neurol. 1986, 243:117-138.
180. Mulligan K.A., Törk I. Serotonergic axons form basket-like terminals in cerebral cortex. Neurosci. Lett. 1987, 81:7-12.
181. Mulligan K.A., Törk I. Serotonergic innervation of the cat cerebral cortex. J. Comp. Neurol. 1988, 270:86-110.
182. Nishi M., Kawata M., Azmitia E.C. Trophic interactions between brain-derived neurotrophic factor and s100beta on cultured serotonergic neurons. Brain Res. 2000, 868:113-118.
183. Nitz D., Siegel J. GABA release in the dorsal raphe nucleus: role in the control of REM sleep. Am. J. Physiol. 1997, 273:R451-R455.
184. Nitz D., Siegel J.M. GABA release in the locus coeruleus as a function of sleep/wake state. Neuroscience 1997, 78:795-801.
185. Nobin A., Björklund A. Topography of the monoamine neuron systems in the human brain as revealed in fetuses. Acta Physiol. Scand. 1973, S388:1-40.
186. O'Hearn E., Battaglia G., De Souza E.B., Kuhar M.J., Molliver M.E. Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) and methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) cause selective ablation of serotonergic axon terminals in forebrain: immunocytochemical evidence for neurotoxicity. J. Neurosci. 1988, 8:2788-2803.
187. Olivier B., Mos J., van Oorschot R., Hen R. Serotonin receptors and animal models of aggressive behavior. Pharmacopsychiatry 28 Suppl 1995, 2:80-90.
188. Olson L., Boréus L.O., Seiger A. Histochemical demonstration and mapping of 5-hydroxytryptamine- and catecholamine-containing neuron systems in the human fetal brain. Z. Anat. Entwickl.-Gesch. 1973, 139:259-282.
189. Olszewski J., Baxter D. Cytoarchitecture of the Human Brain Stem 1954, Karger, New York.
190. Palmer A.M., Francis P.T., Benton J.S., Sims N.R., Mann D.M.A., Neary D., Snowden J.S., Bowen D.M. Presynaptic serotonergic dysfunction in patients with Alzheimer's disease. J. Neurochem. 1987, 48:8-15.
191. Palmer A.M., Wilcock G.K., Esiri M.M., Francis P.T., Bowen D.M. Monoaminergic innervation of the frontal and temporal lobes in Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res. 1987, 401:231-238.
192. Parnavelas J.G., Moises H.C., Speciale S.G. The monoaminergic innervation of the rat visual cortex. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B 1985, 223:319-329.
193. Pasqualetti M., Nardi I., Ladinsky H., Marazziti D., Cassano G.B. Comparative anatomical distribution of serotonin 1A, 1Dα and 2A receptor mRNAs in human brain postmortem. Mol. Brain Res. 1996, 39:223-233.
194. Paxinos G., Huang X.F. Atlas of the Human Brain Stem 1995, Academic Press, Basel.
195. Pecci-Saavadra J., Pasik T., Pasik P. Immunocytochemistry of serotonergic neurons in the central nervous system of monkeys. Neurotransmismission. Learning and Memory 1983, 81-96. Raven Press, San Diego. R. Caputto, C. Ajmone-Marsan (Eds.).
196. Petit J.-M., Luppi P.-H., Peyron C., Rampon C., Jouvet M. VIP-like immunoreactive projections from the dorsal raphe and caudal linear raphe nuclei to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis demonstrated by a double immunohistochemical method in the rat. Neurosci. Lett. 1995, 193:77-80.
197. Peyron C., Luppi P.H. GABAergic afferents to the rat dorsal raphe nucleus. Neurosci. Abstr. 1994, 20:291.
198. Poitras D., Parent A. Atlas of the distribution of monoamine-containing nerve cell bodies in the brain stem of the cat. J. Comp. Neurol. 1978, 179:699-718.
199. Porrino L.J., Goldman-Rakic P.S. Brain stem innervation of prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex in the rhesus monkey revealed by retrograde transport of HRP. J. Comp. Neurol. 1982, 205:63-76.
200. Poulat P., Marlier L., Rajaofetra N., Privat A. 5-Hydroxytryptamine, substance P and thyrotropin-releasing hormone synapses in the intermediolateral cell column of the rat thoracic spinal cord. Neurosci. Lett. 1992, 136:19-22.
201. Raleigh M.J., McGuire M.T., Brammer G.L., Pollack D.B., Yuwiler A. Serotonergic mechanisms promote dominance acquisition in adult male vervet monkeys. Brain Res. 1991, 559:181-190.
202. Ramboz S., Oosting R., Amara D.A., Kung H.F., Blier P., Mendelsohn M., Mann J.J., Brunner D., Hen R. Serotonin receptor 1A knockout: an animal model of anxiety-related disorder. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1998, 95:14476-14481.
203. Rampon C., Peyron C., Gervasoni D., Pow D.V., Luppi P.H., Fort P. Origins of the glycinergic inputs to the rat locus coeruleus and dorsal raphe nuclei: a study combining retrograde tracing with glycine immunohistochemistry. Eur. J. Neurosci. 1999, 11:1058-1066.
204. Raymond G.V., Bauman M.L., Kemper T.L. Hippocampus in autism: a Golgi analysis. Acta Neuropathol. (Berl.) 1996, 91:117-119.
205. Reynolds G.P., Pearson S.J. Decreased glutamic acid and increased 5-hydroxytryptamine in Huntington's disease brain. Neurosci. Lett. 1987, 78:233-238.
206. Ribeiro-do-Valle L.E. Serotonergic neurons in the caudal raphe nuclei discharge in association with activity of masticatory muscles. Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res. 1997, 30:79-83.
207. Ridet J.-L., Rajaofetra N., Teilhac J.-R., Geffard M., Privat A. Evidence for nonsynaptic serotonergic and noradrenergic innervation of the rat dorsal horn and possible involvement of neuron-glia interactions. Neuroscience 1993, 52:143-157.
208. Ridet J.-L., Geffard M., Privat A. Light and electron microscopic studies of the effects of p-chloroamphetamine on the monoaminergic innervation of the rat spinal cord. J. Comp. Neurol. 1994, 343:281-296.
209. Rikard-Bell G.C., Törk I., Sullivan C., Scheibner T. Distribution of substance P-like immunoreactive fibres and terminals in the medulla oblongata of the human infant. Neuroscience 1990, 34:133-148.
210. Rocha B.A., Scearce-Levie K., Lucas J.J., Hiroi N., Castanon N., Crabbe J.C., Nestler E.J., Hen R. Increased vulnerability to cocaine in mice lacking the serotonin-1B receptor. Nature (Lond.) 1998, 393:175-178.
211. Ropert N., Guy N. Serotonin facilitates GABAergic transmission in the CA1 region of rat hippocampus in vitro. J. Physiol. 1991, 441:121-136.
212. Salichon N., Gaspar P., Upton A.L., Picaud S., Hanoun N., Hamon M., De Maeyer E.E., Murphy D.L., Mossner R., Lesch K.P., Hen R., Seif I. Excessive activation of serotonin (5-HT) 1B receptors disrupts the formation of sensory maps in monoamine oxidase a and 5-HT transporter knock-out mice. J. Neurosci. 2001, 21:884-896.
213. 1B receptor. Science 1994, 265:1875-1878.
214. Scatton B., Javoy-Agid F., Rouquier L., DuBois B., Agid Y. Reduction of cortical dopamine, noradrenaline, serotonin and their metabolites in Parkinson's disease. Brain Res. 1983, 275:321-328.
215. Schiffmann S.N., Vanderhaeghen J.J. Distribution of cells containing mRNA encoding cholecystokinin in the rat central nervous system. J. Comp. Neurol. 1991, 304:219-233.
216. Schlicker E., Brandt F., Classen K., Göthert M. Serotonin release in human cerebral cortex and its modulation via serotonin receptors. Brain Res. 1985, 331:337-341.
217. Schoefield S.P.M., Dixon A.F. Distribution of catecholamine and indoleamine neurons in the brain of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). J. Anat. 1982, 134:315-338.
218. Schoefield S.P.M., Everitt B.J. The organization of indoleamine neurons in the brain of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). J. Comp. Neurol. 1981, 197:369-383.
219. 2-activated interneurons. Brain Res. 1990, 506:62-69.
220. Sheu F.-S., Azmitia E.C., Marshak D.R., Parker P.J., Routtenberg A. Glial-derived S100b protein selectively inhibits recombinant β protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylation of neuron-specific protein F1/GAP43. Mol. Brain Res. 1994, 21:62-66.
221. Shinnar S., Maciewicz R.J., Shofer R.J. A raphe projection to cat cerebellar cortex. Brain Res. 1973, 97:139-143.
222. 1A receptors control neurite branching during development. Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res. 1990, 56:269-274.
223. Skagerberg G., Björklund A. Topographic principles in the spinal projections of serotonergic and non-serotonergic brain stem neurons in the rat. Neuroscience 1985, 15:445-480.
224. Smiley J.F., Goldman-Rakic P.S. Serotonergic axons in monkey prefrontal cerebral cortex synapse predominantly on interneurons as demonstrated by serial section electron microscopy. J. Comp. Neurol. 1996, 367:431-443.
225. Snowball R.K., Dampney R.A., Lumb B.M. Responses of neurones in the medullary raphe nuclei to inputs from visceral nociceptors and the ventrolateral periaqueductal grey in the rat. Exp. Physiol. 1997, 82:485-500.
226. Stamp J.A., Semba K. Extent of colocalization of serotonin and GABA in the neurons of the rat raphe nuclei. Brain Res. 1995, 677:39-49.
227. Steinbusch H.W.M. Distribution of serotonin-immunoreactivity in the central nervous system of the rat-cell bodies and terminals. Neuroscience 1981, 6:557-618.
228. Steinbusch H.W.M., Nieuwenhuys R. The raphe nuclei of the rat brain stem: a cytoarchitectonic and immunohistochemical study. Chemical Neuroanatomy 1983, 131-207. Raven Press, New York. P.C. Emson (Ed.).
229. Steinbush H.W.M., van der Kooy D., Verhofstad A.A.J., Pellegrino A. Serotonergic and non-serotonergic projections from the nucleus raphe dorsalis to the caudate-putamen complex in the rat, studied by a combined immunofluorescence and fluorescent retrograde axonal labeling technique. Neurosci. Lett. 1980, 19:137-142.
230. Steininger T.L., Wainer B.H., Blakely R.D., Rye D.B. Serotonergic dorsal raphe nucleus projections to the cholinergic and noncholinergic neurons of the pedunculopontine tegmental region: a light and electron microscopic anterograde tracing and immunohistochemical study. J. Comp. Neurol. 1997, 382:302-322.
231. Stone J., Dreher B., Törk I. The neuroanatomist's Colouring Book 1987, 123. Maitland, New York.
232. Tabaton M., Schenone A., Romagnoli P., Mancardi G.L. A quantitative and ultrastructural study of substantia nigra and nucleus centralis superior in Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol. (Berl.) 1985, 68:218-223.
233. Taber-Pierce E., Foote W.E., Hobson J.A. The efferent connection of the nucleus raphe dorsalis. Brain Res. 1976, 107:137-144.
234. Taber E., Brodal A., Walberg F. The raphe nuclei of the brain stem in the cat. I. Normal topography and cytoarchitecture and cytoarchitecture and general discussion. J. Comp. Neurol. 1960, 114:161-187.
235. Takahashi H., Nakashima S., Ohama E., Takeda S., Ikuta F. Distribution of serotonin-containing bodies in the brain stem of the human fetus determined with immunohistochemistry using antiserotonin serum. Brain Dev. 1986, 8:355-365.
236. Takeuchi Y., Sano Y. Immunohistochemical demonstration of serotonin nerve fibers in the neocortex of the monkey (Macaca fuscata). Anat. Embryol. 1983, 166:155-168.
237. Takeuchi Y., Sano Y. Serotonin nerve fibers in the primary visual cortex of the monkey. Quantitative and immunoelectron-microscopical analysis. Anat. Embryol. 1984, 169:1-8.
238. Tanaka M., Okamura H., Tamada Y., Nagatsu I., Tanaka Y., Ibata Y. Catecholaminergic input to spinally projecting serotonin neurons in the rostral ventromedial medulla oblongata of the rat. Brain Res. Bull. 1994, 35:23-30.
239. Thakkar M.M., Strecker R.E., McCarley R.W. Behavioral state control through differential serotonergic inhibition in the mesopontine cholinergic nuclei: a simultaneous unit recording and microdialysis study. J. Neurosci. 1998, 18:5490-5497.
240. Thompson A.M., Moore K.R., Thompson G.C. Distribution and origin of serotoninergic afferents to guinea pig cochlear nucleus. J. Comp. Neurol. 1995, 351:104-116.
241. Tigges J., Tigges M., Cross N.A., McBride R.L., Letbetter W.D., Anschel S. Subcortical structures projecting to visual cortical areas in squirrel monkey. J. Comp. Neurol. 1982, 209:29-40.
242. Törk I. Raphe nuclei and serotonin containing systems. The rat nervous system 1985, 43-78. Academic Press (Australia), Sydney. G. Paxinos (Ed.).
243. Törk I., Hornung J.-P., Van der Loos H. Synaptic connections of serotonergic axons in the molecular layer of the cat's neocortex. Neurosci. Lett. Suppl. 1986, 26:S104.
244. Törk I., Hornung J.-P. Serotonergic innervation of the human cerebral cortex. Neuroscience Suppl. 1987, 22:S112.
245. Törk I. Anatomy of the serotonergic system. Neuropharmacology of Serotonin 1990, 1-35. New York Academy of Sciences, Sydney. P. Whitaker-Azmitia, S.J. Peroutka (Eds.).
246. Trottier S., Evrard B., Vignal J.P., Scarabin J.M., Chauvel P. The serotonergic innervation of the cerebral cortex in man and its changes in focal cortical dysplasia. Epilepsy Res. 1996, 25:79-106.
247. Tunnicliff G. Molecular basis of buspirone's anxiolytic action. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 1991, 69:149-156.
248. Turlejski K. Evolutionary ancient roles of serotonin: long-lasting regulation of activity and development. Acta Neurobiol. Exp. 1996, 56:619-636.
249. Ungerstedt U. Stereotaxic mapping of the monoamine pathways in the rat brain. Acta Physiol. Scand. Suppl. 1971, 367:1-48.
250. Upton A.L., Salichon N., Lebrand C., Ravary A., Blakely R., Seif I., Gaspar P. Excess of serotonin (5-HT) alters the segregation of ipsilateral and contralateral retinal projections in monoamine oxidase A knock-out mice: possible role of 5-HT uptake in retinal ganglion cells during development. J. Neurosci. 1999, 19:7007-7024.
251. Van Bockstaele E.J., Biswas A., Pickel V.M. Topography of serotonin neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus that send axon collaterals to the rat prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens. Brain Res. 1993, 624:188-198.
252. Van den Pol A.N., Herbst R.S., Powell J.F. Tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreative neurons of the hypothalamus: light and electron microscopic study. Neuroscience 1984, 13:1117-1156.
253. van der Kooy D., Hattori T. Dorsal raphe cells with collateral projections to the caudate-putamen and substantia nigra: a fluorescent retrograde stud double labeling study in the rat. Brain Res. 1980, 186:1-7.
254. van der Kooy D., Kuypers H.G.J.M. Fluorescent retrograde double labeling: axonal branching in the ascending raphe and nigral projections. Science 1979, 204:873-875.
255. Veasey S.C., Fornal C.A., Metzler C.W., Jacobs B.L. Response of serotonergic caudal raphe neurons in relation to specific motor activities in freely moving cats. J. Neurosci. 1995, 15:5346-5359.
256. Vertes R.P., Martin G.F. Autoradiographic analysis of ascending projections from the pontine and mesencephalic reticular formation and the median raphe nucleus in the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 1988, 275:511-541.
257. Villar M.J., Vitale M.L., Hökfelt T., Verhofstad A.A.J. Dorsal raphe serotoninergic branching neurons projecting both to the lateral geniculate body and superior colliculus: a combined retrograde tracing-immunohistochemical study in the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 1988, 277:126-140.
258. Vollenweider F.X., Vollenweider-Scherpenhuyzen M.F., Babler A., Vogel H., Hell D. Psilocybin induces schizophrenia-like psychosis in humans via serotonin-2 agonist action. Neuroreport 1998, 9:3897-3902.
259. Wang Q.-P., Nakai Y. Enkephalinergic innervation of GABAergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus of the rat. Brain Res. Bull. 1993, 32:315-320.
260. Wang Q.-P., Nakai Y. The dorsal raphe: An important nucleus in pain modulation. Brain Res. Bull. 1994, 34:575-585.
261. Wang Q.-P., Ochiai H., Nakai Y. GABAergic innervation of serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus of the rat studied by electron microscopy double immunostaining. Brain Res. Bull. 1992, 29:943-948.
262. Waterhouse B.D., Mihailoff G.A., Baack J.C., Woodward D.J. Topographical distribution of dorsal and median raphe neurons projecting to motor, sensorimotor, and visual cortical areas in the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 1986, 249:460-476.
263. Westlund K.N., Denney R.M., Kochersperger L.M., Rose R.M., Abell C.W. Distinct monoamine oxidase A and B populations in primate brain. Science 1985, 230:181-183.
264. Westlund K.N., Denney R.M., Rose R.M., Abell C.W. Localization of distinct monoamine oxidase A and monoamine oxidase B cell populations in human brain stem. Neuroscience 1988, 25:439-456.
265. Westlund K.N., Sorkin S., Ferrington D.G., Carlton S.M., Willcockson H.H., Willis W.D. Serotoninergic and noradrenergic projections to the ventral posterolateral nucleus of the monkey thalamus. J. Comp. Neurol. 1990, 295:197-207.
266. Westlund K.N., Lu Y., Coggeshall R.E., Willis W.D. Serotonin is found in myelinated axons of the dorsolateral funiculus in monkeys. Neurosci. Lett. 1992, 141:35-38.
267. Wiklund L., Léger L., Persson M. Monoamine cell distribution in the cat brain stem. A fluorescence histochemical study with quantification of indolaminergic and locus coeruleus cell groups. J. Comp. Neurol. 1981, 203:613-647.
268. Wilson C.C., Faber K.M., Haring J.H. Serotonin regulates synaptic connections in the dentate molecular layer of adult rats via 5-HT1a receptors: evidence for a glial mechanism. Brain Res. 1998, 782:235-239.
269. Wilson M.A., Molliver M.E. The organization of serotonergic projections to cerebral cortex in primates: regional distribution of axon terminals. Neuroscience 1991, 44:537-553.
270. Wilson M.A., Ricaurte G.A., Molliver M.E. Distinct morphologic classes of serotonergic axons in primates exhibit differential vulnerability to the psychotropic drug 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine. Neuroscience 1989, 28:121-137.
271. Wu W., Wessendorf M.W. Organization of the serotonergic innervation of spinal neurons in rats-I. Neuropeptide coexistence in varicosities innervating some spinothalamic tract neurons but not in those innervating postsynaptic dorsal column neurons. Neuroscience 1992, 50:885-898.
272. Wu W., Elde R., Wessendorf M.W. Organization of the serotonergic innervation of spinal neurons in rats-III. Differential serotonergic innervation of somatic and parasympathetic preganglionic motoneurons as determined by patterns of coexisting peptides. Neuroscience 1993, 55:223-233.
273. Yamaguchi T., Sawada M., Kato T., Nagatsu T. Demonstration of tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activity in human brain in highly sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection. Biochem. Int. 1981, 2:295-303.
274. Yan W., Wilson C.C., Haring J.H. 5-HT1A receptors mediate the neurotrophic effect of serotonin on developing dentate granule cells. Dev. Brain Res. 1997, 98:185-190.
275. Yan W., Wilson C.C., Haring J.H. Effects of neonatal serotonin depletion on the development of rat dentate granule cells. Dev. Brain Res. 1997, 98:177-184.
276. Yang H., Wu S.V., Ishikawa T., Tache Y. Cold exposure elevates thyrotropin-releasing hormone gene expression in medullary raphe nuclei: relationship with vagally mediated gastric erosions. Neuroscience 1994, 61:655-663.
277. Zagon A. Innervation of serotonergic medullary raphe neurons from cells of the rostral ventrolateral medulla in rats. Neuroscience 1993, 55:849-867.
278. Zetzsche T., Chan-Palay V. MAO A and B immunoreactivity in the hippocampus, temporal cortex and cerebellum of normal controls and of patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Dementia 1992, 3:270-281.