메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 197, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 261-269

The nitric oxide donor molsidomine improves survival and reduces hepatocyte apoptosis in cholestasis and endotoxemia

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE; CASPASE 3; ENDOTOXIN; MOLSIDOMINE; NITRIC OXIDE DONOR;

EID: 0043167976     PISSN: 10727515     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1072-7515(03)00386-7     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (20)

References (51)
  • 1
    • 0031911688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hemorrhage after pancreatoduodenectomy
    • Rumstadt B, Schwab M, Korth P, et al. Hemorrhage after pancreatoduodenectomy. Ann Surg 1998;227:236-241.
    • (1998) Ann Surg , vol.227 , pp. 236-241
    • Rumstadt, B.1    Schwab, M.2    Korth, P.3
  • 2
    • 0021268979 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of preoperative biliary tract decompression in patients with obstructive jaundice
    • Gundry SR, Strodel WE, Knol JA, et al. Efficacy of preoperative biliary tract decompression in patients with obstructive jaundice. Arch Surg 1984;119:703-708.
    • (1984) Arch Surg , vol.119 , pp. 703-708
    • Gundry, S.R.1    Strodel, W.E.2    Knol, J.A.3
  • 4
    • 0023895973 scopus 로고
    • Surgical morbidity and mortality in one hundred and twenty-nine patients with obstructive jaundice
    • Greig JD, Krukowski ZH, Matheson NA. Surgical morbidity and mortality in one hundred and twenty-nine patients with obstructive jaundice. Br J Surg 1988;75:216-219.
    • (1988) Br J Surg , vol.75 , pp. 216-219
    • Greig, J.D.1    Krukowski, Z.H.2    Matheson, N.A.3
  • 5
    • 0020558862 scopus 로고
    • Prediction of risk in biliary surgery
    • Blamey SL, Fearon KC, Gilmour WH, et al. Prediction of risk in biliary surgery. Br J Surg 1983;70:535-538.
    • (1983) Br J Surg , vol.70 , pp. 535-538
    • Blamey, S.L.1    Fearon, K.C.2    Gilmour, W.H.3
  • 6
    • 0020578538 scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting morbidity and mortality after surgery for obstructive jaundice: A review of 373 patients
    • Dixon JM, Armstrong CP, Duffy SW, Davies GC. Factors affecting morbidity and mortality after surgery for obstructive jaundice: a review of 373 patients. Gut 1983;24:845-852.
    • (1983) Gut , vol.24 , pp. 845-852
    • Dixon, J.M.1    Armstrong, C.P.2    Duffy, S.W.3    Davies, G.C.4
  • 7
    • 0019946411 scopus 로고
    • Preoperative external biliary drainage in obstructive jaundice. A prospective controlled clinical trial
    • Hatfield AR, Tobias R, Terblanche J, et al. Preoperative external biliary drainage in obstructive jaundice. A prospective controlled clinical trial. Lancet 1982;2:896-899.
    • (1982) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 896-899
    • Hatfield, A.R.1    Tobias, R.2    Terblanche, J.3
  • 8
    • 0021357451 scopus 로고
    • Pre-operative percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage: The results of a controlled trial
    • McPherson GA, Benjamin IS, Hodgson HJ, et al. Pre-operative percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage: the results of a controlled trial. Br J Surg 1984;71:371-375.
    • (1984) Br J Surg , vol.71 , pp. 371-375
    • McPherson, G.A.1    Benjamin, I.S.2    Hodgson, H.J.3
  • 9
    • 0029095963 scopus 로고
    • The role of preoperative biliary decompression in obstructive jaundice
    • Nakeeb A, Pitt HA. The role of preoperative biliary decompression in obstructive jaundice. Hepatogastroenterology 1995;42:332-337.
    • (1995) Hepatogastroenterology , vol.42 , pp. 332-337
    • Nakeeb, A.1    Pitt, H.A.2
  • 10
    • 0021829215 scopus 로고
    • Does preoperative percutaneous biliary drainage reduce operative risk or increase hospital cost?
    • Pitt HA, Gomes AS, Lois JF, et al. Does preoperative percutaneous biliary drainage reduce operative risk or increase hospital cost? Ann Surg 1985;201:545-553.
    • (1985) Ann Surg , vol.201 , pp. 545-553
    • Pitt, H.A.1    Gomes, A.S.2    Lois, J.F.3
  • 11
    • 0034072264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe sepsis and septic shock. Definitions, epidemiology, and clinical manifestations
    • Balk RA. Severe sepsis and septic shock. Definitions, epidemiology, and clinical manifestations. Crit Care Clin 2000;16:179-192.
    • (2000) Crit Care Clin , vol.16 , pp. 179-192
    • Balk, R.A.1
  • 12
    • 0031035237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sepsis-associated cholestasis
    • Moseley RH. Sepsis-associated cholestasis. Gastroenterology 1997;112:302-306.
    • (1997) Gastroenterology , vol.112 , pp. 302-306
    • Moseley, R.H.1
  • 13
    • 0031013566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatocyte transport of bile acids and organic anions in endotoxemic rats: Impaired uptake and secretion
    • Bolder U, Ton-Nu HT, Schteingart CD, et al. Hepatocyte transport of bile acids and organic anions in endotoxemic rats: impaired uptake and secretion. Gastroenterology 1997;112:214-225.
    • (1997) Gastroenterology , vol.112 , pp. 214-225
    • Bolder, U.1    Ton-Nu, H.T.2    Schteingart, C.D.3
  • 14
    • 0032969285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor necrosis factor receptor and Fas signaling mechanisms
    • Wallach D, Varfolomeev EE, Malinin NL, et al. Tumor necrosis factor receptor and Fas signaling mechanisms. Annu Rev Immunol 1999;17:331-367.
    • (1999) Annu Rev Immunol , vol.17 , pp. 331-367
    • Wallach, D.1    Varfolomeev, E.E.2    Malinin, N.L.3
  • 15
    • 0032055225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of caspase 3 (CPP32)-like proteases is essential for TNF-alpha-induced hepatic parenchymal cell apoptosis and neutrophil mediated necrosis in a murine endotoxin shock model
    • Jaeschke H, Fisher MA, Lawson JA, et al. Activation of caspase 3 (CPP32)-like proteases is essential for TNF-alpha-induced hepatic parenchymal cell apoptosis and neutrophil mediated necrosis in a murine endotoxin shock model. J Immunol 1998;160:3480-3486.
    • (1998) J Immunol , vol.160 , pp. 3480-3486
    • Jaeschke, H.1    Fisher, M.A.2    Lawson, J.A.3
  • 16
    • 0032919402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxic bile salts induce rodent hepatocyte apoptosis via direct activation of Fas
    • Faubion WA, Guicciardi ME, Miyoshi H, et al. Toxic bile salts induce rodent hepatocyte apoptosis via direct activation of Fas. J Clin Invest 1999;103:137-145.
    • (1999) J Clin Invest , vol.103 , pp. 137-145
    • Faubion, W.A.1    Guicciardi, M.E.2    Miyoshi, H.3
  • 17
    • 0032869839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatocyte apoptosis after bile duct ligation in the mouse involves Fas
    • Miyoshi H, Rust C, Roberts PJ, et al. Hepatocyte apoptosis after bile duct ligation in the mouse involves Fas. Gastroenterology 1999;117:669-677.
    • (1999) Gastroenterology , vol.117 , pp. 669-677
    • Miyoshi, H.1    Rust, C.2    Roberts, P.J.3
  • 18
    • 0030133341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Partial hepatectomy reduces the endotoxin-induced peak circulating level of tumor necrosis factor in rats
    • Kumins NH, Hunt J, Gamelli RL, Filkins JP. Partial hepatectomy reduces the endotoxin-induced peak circulating level of tumor necrosis factor in rats. Shock 1996;5:385-388.
    • (1996) Shock , vol.5 , pp. 385-388
    • Kumins, N.H.1    Hunt, J.2    Gamelli, R.L.3    Filkins, J.P.4
  • 19
    • 0028927607 scopus 로고
    • The Fas death factor
    • Nagata S, Golstein P. The Fas death factor. Science 1995;267:1449-1456.
    • (1995) Science , vol.267 , pp. 1449-1456
    • Nagata, S.1    Golstein, P.2
  • 20
    • 0036282282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endotoxin potentiates hepatocyte apoptosis in cholestasis
    • Moazzam FN, Brems JJ, Yong SL, et al. Endotoxin potentiates hepatocyte apoptosis in cholestasis. J Am Coll Surg 2002;194:731-739.
    • (2002) J Am Coll Surg , vol.194 , pp. 731-739
    • Moazzam, F.N.1    Brems, J.J.2    Yong, S.L.3
  • 21
    • 0031754828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of CD95 (APO-1/Fas)-mediated apoptosis
    • Peter ME, Krammer PH. Mechanisms of CD95 (APO-1/Fas)-mediated apoptosis. Curr Opin Immunol 1998;10:545-551.
    • (1998) Curr Opin Immunol , vol.10 , pp. 545-551
    • Peter, M.E.1    Krammer, P.H.2
  • 22
    • 0029038912 scopus 로고
    • A protein related to a proteasomal subunit binds to the intracellular domain of the p55 TNF receptor upstream to its 'death domain'
    • Boldin MP, Mett IL, Wallach D. A protein related to a proteasomal subunit binds to the intracellular domain of the p55 TNF receptor upstream to its 'death domain'. FEBS Lett 1995;367:39-44.
    • (1995) FEBS Lett , vol.367 , pp. 39-44
    • Boldin, M.P.1    Mett, I.L.2    Wallach, D.3
  • 23
    • 0029360415 scopus 로고
    • The death domain: A module shared by proteins with diverse cellular functions
    • Feinstein E, Kimchi A, Wallach D, et al. The death domain: a module shared by proteins with diverse cellular functions. Trends Biochem Sci 1995;20:342-344.
    • (1995) Trends Biochem Sci , vol.20 , pp. 342-344
    • Feinstein, E.1    Kimchi, A.2    Wallach, D.3
  • 24
    • 0035444539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signal transduction by tumor necrosis factor and its relatives
    • Baud V, Karin M. Signal transduction by tumor necrosis factor and its relatives. Trends Cell Biol 2001;11:372-377.
    • (2001) Trends Cell Biol , vol.11 , pp. 372-377
    • Baud, V.1    Karin, M.2
  • 25
    • 0032575714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Death receptors: Signaling and modulation
    • Ashkenazi A, Dixit VM. Death receptors: signaling and modulation. Science 1998;281:1305-1308.
    • (1998) Science , vol.281 , pp. 1305-1308
    • Ashkenazi, A.1    Dixit, V.M.2
  • 26
    • 0034698733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two distinct pathways leading to nuclear apoptosis
    • Susin SA, Daugas E, Ravagnan L, et al. Two distinct pathways leading to nuclear apoptosis. J Exp Med 2000;192:571-580.
    • (2000) J Exp Med , vol.192 , pp. 571-580
    • Susin, S.A.1    Daugas, E.2    Ravagnan, L.3
  • 27
    • 0031889132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cleavage of CAD inhibitor in CAD activation and DNA degradation during apoptosis
    • Sakahira H, Enari M, Nagata S. Cleavage of CAD inhibitor in CAD activation and DNA degradation during apoptosis. Nature 1998;391:96-99.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.391 , pp. 96-99
    • Sakahira, H.1    Enari, M.2    Nagata, S.3
  • 28
    • 0033580901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caspases induce cytochrome c release from mitochondria by activating cytosolic factors
    • Bossy-Wetzel E, Green DR. Caspases induce cytochrome c release from mitochondria by activating cytosolic factors. J Biol Chem 1999;274:17484-17490.
    • (1999) J Biol Chem , vol.274 , pp. 17484-17490
    • Bossy-Wetzel, E.1    Green, D.R.2
  • 29
    • 0032575752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondria and apoptosis
    • Green DR, Reed JC. Mitochondria and apoptosis. Science 1998;281:1309-1312.
    • (1998) Science , vol.281 , pp. 1309-1312
    • Green, D.R.1    Reed, J.C.2
  • 30
    • 0033936183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bile salts mediate hepatocyte apoptosis by increasing cell surface trafficking of Fas
    • Sodeman T, Bronk SF, Roberts PJ, et al. Bile salts mediate hepatocyte apoptosis by increasing cell surface trafficking of Fas. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2000;278:992-999.
    • (2000) Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol , vol.278 , pp. 992-999
    • Sodeman, T.1    Bronk, S.F.2    Roberts, P.J.3
  • 31
    • 0034733547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The bile acid taurochenodeoxycholate activates a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent survival signaling cascade
    • Rust C, Karnitz LM, Paya CV, et al. The bile acid taurochenodeoxycholate activates a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent survival signaling cascade. J Biol Chem 2000;275:20210-20216.
    • (2000) J Biol Chem , vol.275 , pp. 20210-20216
    • Rust, C.1    Karnitz, L.M.2    Paya, C.V.3
  • 32
    • 0027227827 scopus 로고
    • Glycochenodeoxycholate-induced lethal hepatocellular injury in rat hepatocytes. Role of ATP depletion and cytosolic free calcium
    • Spivey JR, Bronk SF, Gores GJ. Glycochenodeoxycholate-induced lethal hepatocellular injury in rat hepatocytes. Role of ATP depletion and cytosolic free calcium. J Clin Invest 1993;92:17-24.
    • (1993) J Clin Invest , vol.92 , pp. 17-24
    • Spivey, J.R.1    Bronk, S.F.2    Gores, G.J.3
  • 33
    • 0033947493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Susceptibility to lipopolysaccharide of cholestatic rat liver produced with bile duct ligation: Assessments of the mitochondrial glutathione pool and the effects of N-acetylcysteine
    • Nakano H, Fujiwara Y, Kitamura N, et al. Susceptibility to lipopolysaccharide of cholestatic rat liver produced with bile duct ligation: assessments of the mitochondrial glutathione pool and the effects of N-acetylcysteine. Eur Surg Res 2000;32:148-154.
    • (2000) Eur Surg Res , vol.32 , pp. 148-154
    • Nakano, H.1    Fujiwara, Y.2    Kitamura, N.3
  • 34
    • 0030870333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obstructive jaundice in rats results in exaggerated hepatic production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and systemic and tissue tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels after endotoxin
    • O'Neil S, Hunt J, Filkins J, Gamelli R. Obstructive jaundice in rats results in exaggerated hepatic production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and systemic and tissue tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels after endotoxin. Surgery 1997;122:281-286.
    • (1997) Surgery , vol.122 , pp. 281-286
    • O'Neil, S.1    Hunt, J.2    Filkins, J.3    Gamelli, R.4
  • 35
    • 0031778843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholestatic liver injury increases circulating TNF-alpha and IL-6 and mortality after Escherichia coli endotoxemia
    • Lechner AJ, Velasquez A, Knudsen KR, et al. Cholestatic liver injury increases circulating TNF-alpha and IL-6 and mortality after Escherichia coli endotoxemia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998;157:1550-1558.
    • (1998) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.157 , pp. 1550-1558
    • Lechner, A.J.1    Velasquez, A.2    Knudsen, K.R.3
  • 36
    • 0033797774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide prevents tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced rat hepatocyte apoptosis by the interruption of mitochondrial apoptotic signaling through S-nitrosylation of caspase-8
    • Kim YM, Kim TH, Chung HT, et al. Nitric oxide prevents tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced rat hepatocyte apoptosis by the interruption of mitochondrial apoptotic signaling through S-nitrosylation of caspase-8. Hepatology 2000;32:770-778.
    • (2000) Hepatology , vol.32 , pp. 770-778
    • Kim, Y.M.1    Kim, T.H.2    Chung, H.T.3
  • 37
    • 0031576527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide reversibly inhibits seven members of the caspase family via S-nitrosylation
    • Li J, Billiar TR, Talanian RV, Kim YM. Nitric oxide reversibly inhibits seven members of the caspase family via S-nitrosylation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997;240:419-424.
    • (1997) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.240 , pp. 419-424
    • Li, J.1    Billiar, T.R.2    Talanian, R.V.3    Kim, Y.M.4
  • 38
    • 0033546165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide suppresses apoptosis via interrupting caspase activation and mitochondrial dysfunction in cultured hepatocytes
    • Li J, Bombeck CA, Yang S, et al. Nitric oxide suppresses apoptosis via interrupting caspase activation and mitochondrial dysfunction in cultured hepatocytes. J Biol Chem 1999;274:17325-17333.
    • (1999) J Biol Chem , vol.274 , pp. 17325-17333
    • Li, J.1    Bombeck, C.A.2    Yang, S.3
  • 40
    • 0031092105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molsidomine increases endotoxic survival and decreases cytokine production
    • Kumins NH, Hunt J, Gamelli RL, Filkins JP. Molsidomine increases endotoxic survival and decreases cytokine production. Shock 1997;7:200-205.
    • (1997) Shock , vol.7 , pp. 200-205
    • Kumins, N.H.1    Hunt, J.2    Gamelli, R.L.3    Filkins, J.P.4
  • 41
    • 0027989639 scopus 로고
    • Obstructive jaundice impairs reticuloendothelial function and promotes bacterial translocation in the rat
    • Ding JW, Andersson R, Soltesz V, et al. Obstructive jaundice impairs reticuloendothelial function and promotes bacterial translocation in the rat. J Surg Res 1994;57:238-245.
    • (1994) J Surg Res , vol.57 , pp. 238-245
    • Ding, J.W.1    Andersson, R.2    Soltesz, V.3
  • 42
    • 0030662226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide inhibits apoptosis by preventing increases in caspase-3-like activity via two distinct mechanisms
    • Kim YM, Talanian RV, Billiar TR. Nitric oxide inhibits apoptosis by preventing increases in caspase-3-like activity via two distinct mechanisms. J Biol Chem 1997;272:31138-1148.
    • (1997) J Biol Chem , vol.272 , pp. 31138-31148
    • Kim, Y.M.1    Talanian, R.V.2    Billiar, T.R.3
  • 43
    • 0035084461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of nitric oxide on shock-induced hepatic heme oxygenase-1 expression in the rat
    • Hoetzel A, Vagts DA, Loop T, et al. Effect of nitric oxide on shock-induced hepatic heme oxygenase-1 expression in the rat. Hepatology 2001;33:925-937.
    • (2001) Hepatology , vol.33 , pp. 925-937
    • Hoetzel, A.1    Vagts, D.A.2    Loop, T.3
  • 44
    • 0028860589 scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide donor prevents hepatic and systemic perfusion decrease induced by endotoxin in anesthetized rabbits
    • Pastor CM, Losser MR, Payen D. Nitric oxide donor prevents hepatic and systemic perfusion decrease induced by endotoxin in anesthetized rabbits. Hepatology 1995;22:1547-1553.
    • (1995) Hepatology , vol.22 , pp. 1547-1553
    • Pastor, C.M.1    Losser, M.R.2    Payen, D.3
  • 45
    • 0030827880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide inhibits Fas-induced apoptosis
    • Mannick JB, Miao XQ, Stamler JS. Nitric oxide inhibits Fas-induced apoptosis. J Biol Chem 1997;272:24125-24128.
    • (1997) J Biol Chem , vol.272 , pp. 24125-24128
    • Mannick, J.B.1    Miao, X.Q.2    Stamler, J.S.3
  • 46
    • 0031855881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adenovirus-mediated inducible nitric oxide synthase gene transfer inhibits hepatocyte apoptosis
    • Tzeng E, Billiar TR, Williams DL, et al. Adenovirus-mediated inducible nitric oxide synthase gene transfer inhibits hepatocyte apoptosis. Surgery 1998;124:278-283.
    • (1998) Surgery , vol.124 , pp. 278-283
    • Tzeng, E.1    Billiar, T.R.2    Williams, D.L.3
  • 47
    • 0032780398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide ameliorates actinomycin D/endotoxin-induced apoptotic liver failure in mice
    • Akahori M, Yamada S, Takeyama N, Tanaka T. Nitric oxide ameliorates actinomycin D/endotoxin-induced apoptotic liver failure in mice. J Surg Res 1999;85:286-293.
    • (1999) J Surg Res , vol.85 , pp. 286-293
    • Akahori, M.1    Yamada, S.2    Takeyama, N.3    Tanaka, T.4
  • 48
    • 0033735804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protection against Fas receptor-mediated apoptosis in hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells by a caspase-8 inhibitor in vivo: Evidence for a postmitochondrial processing of caspase-8
    • Bajt ML, Lawson JA, Vonderfecht SL, et al. Protection against Fas receptor-mediated apoptosis in hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells by a caspase-8 inhibitor in vivo: evidence for a postmitochondrial processing of caspase-8. Toxicol Sci 2000;58:109-117.
    • (2000) Toxicol Sci , vol.58 , pp. 109-117
    • Bajt, M.L.1    Lawson, J.A.2    Vonderfecht, S.L.3
  • 49
    • 0034669213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protection against TNF-induced iver parenchymal cell apoptosis during endotoxemia by a novel caspase inhibitor in mice
    • Jaeschke H, Farhood A, Cai SX, et al. Protection against TNF-induced iver parenchymal cell apoptosis during endotoxemia by a novel caspase inhibitor in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2000;169:77-83.
    • (2000) Toxicol Appl Pharmacol , vol.169 , pp. 77-83
    • Jaeschke, H.1    Farhood, A.2    Cai, S.X.3
  • 50
    • 0028885672 scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen oxide-induced autoprotection in isolated rat hepatocytes
    • Kim YM, Bergonia H, Lancaster JR Jr. Nitrogen oxide-induced autoprotection in isolated rat hepatocytes. FEBS Lett 1995;374:222-228.
    • (1995) FEBS Lett , vol.374 , pp. 222-228
    • Kim, Y.M.1    Bergonia, H.2    Lancaster J.R., Jr.3
  • 51
    • 0034080134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide enhances expression and shedding of tumor necrosis factor receptor I (p55) in endothelial cells
    • Okuyama M, Yamaguchi S, Yamaoka M, et al. Nitric oxide enhances expression and shedding of tumor necrosis factor receptor I (p55) in endothelial cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2000;20:1506-1511.
    • (2000) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol , vol.20 , pp. 1506-1511
    • Okuyama, M.1    Yamaguchi, S.2    Yamaoka, M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.